TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Covalent coupling of fluorophores to polymer surface-bonded functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescence KW - Surface functionalization KW - Reactions at polymer surfaces KW - Spectroscopy KW - Quantification PY - 2007 SN - 978-90-6764-453-2 VL - 4 SP - 171 EP - 191 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-14867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute ED - Blasek, G. T1 - Möglichkeiten der kovalenten Anbindung von Funktionsmolekülen an Polymeroberflächen T2 - 13. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium "Beschichtung und Modifizierung von Kunststoffoberflächen" CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2005-10-13 PY - 2005 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-11946 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baier, Jennifa A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Plasmagestützte Oberflächenfunktionalisierung von Polypropylen (PP) N2 - Polypropylen (PP) ist als Niedrigenergie-Polymer ohne nass- und plasmachemische Vorbehandlung weder haftfest zu beschichten noch verbundfest zu kleben. Typische Haft- bzw. Klebfestigkeiten liegen für die unbehandelte Polymeroberfläche bei maximal 0,5 MPa. Hinzu kommt, dass bei der Bestimmung von Haft- und Klebfestigkeiten der unmodifizierten Oberfläche mit großen Streuungen zu rechnen ist, die bezogen auf die Spannweite durchaus einem Faktor 5 entsprechen können. Generell besteht bei Prüfung der Haftfestigkeit mittels Stirnabzugsversuch und bei der Prüfung der Klebfestigkeit die Notwendigkeit eines statistisch validierten Herangehens. Hierzu sind zeitaufwändige Ein-Proben-Klebungen und -Prüfungen nur eingeschränkt geeignet. Zudem ist, insbesondere für geringe Haft- bzw. Klebfestigkeiten, ein querkraftfreies Prüfen Grundvoraussetzung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden verschiedenartige plasmagestützte Oberflächenfunktionalisierungen von PP sowie das Mehr-Proben-Konzept zur Klebung/Prüfung von bis zu acht Proben vorgestellt. Dazu werden ein BAM-Funktionsmuster einer Mehr-Proben-Kleb-Vorrichtung und eine kommerzielle analytische Zentrifuge zum Prüfen verwendet. T2 - 24. Workshop des Anwenderkreises Atmosphärendruckplasma "Haftung durch Oberflächenfunktionalisierung" CY - Erfurt, Germany DA - 11.11.2015 KW - Plasmamodifizierung KW - Polypropylen KW - Haftfestigkeit KW - Klebfestigkeit KW - Mehr-Proben-Kleben/-Prüfen PY - 2015 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Anwenderkreis Atmosphärendruckplasma CY - Jena AN - OPUS4-34838 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Wagner, M. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Effect of Br gassing after Ar plasma treatment of polyolefins N2 - For simulation and acceleration of artificial polymer ageing, polyolefin foils were exposed to low-pressure Ar plasma. Plasma particle bombardment and irradiation induce C–C and C–H bond scissions by σ→σ* excitations on the surface and in near-surface layers. Consequently, radicals are generated. They react by recombination, cross-linking, metastable trapping of the radical site or formation of olefinic double bonds. The long-living and metastable trapped C-radicals as well as double bonds in polyolefins were immediately exposed to bromine vapour without breaking the vacuum after switching-off the plasma. These reactive sites rapidly react with the molecular bromine under formation of C–Br bonds. For 5 min of argon plasma exposure, the elemental concentration of bromine was 13% for polyethylene and 22% Br/C for polypropylene as analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nevertheless, not all C radical sites have reacted with bromine. Later on, when the polyolefins brought in contact with ambient air, an additional post-plasma reaction of the remaining trapped radicals with oxygen was observed. The oxygen concentrations were lower after bromine gassing, thus repressing partially the post-plasma oxidation in the analysed layer (ca. 6 nm) by radical quenching. Such bromination took place either at the surface or in near-surface layers because the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectra (sampling depth ca. 2500 nm) did not show significant changes for argon plasma-treated PE foils with and without bromine vapour exposure. Further addition of bromine may also occur on C=C double bonds. KW - Ageing of polyolefins KW - Argon plasma KW - Radical formation KW - Formation of double bonds PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.762326 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 1828 EP - 1839 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-30572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Baier, Jennifa A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Kittler-Packmor, Kai A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Multiple-sample approach: reliable ranking and validated statistics of bonding and adhesive strength N2 - Bonding strength of adhesive-bonded joints and adhesive strength of coatings have been exclusively determined in single-sample tests using a tensile testing machine. Necessarily, the single-sample approach was also applied to the corresponding bonding procedure. As a consequence, reliability and reproducibility of results were restricted. By applying the newly introduced centrifuge technology, the multiple-sample approach was realized for simultaneous tensile testing of up to eight samples under identical conditions without any disturbing shear-force effects. In order to introduce the multiple-sample approach into the bonding procedure, a hydraulic bonding set-up was developed which enables identical bonding pressure also for slightly different heights of sample assemblies. Both sample approaches were compared for various application examples: ranking of different classes of adhesives, validated statistics of adhesive-bonded joints using one particular adhesive and effects of cleaning and plasma-treatment on the adhesive strength of coatings. The investigated systems included glass, metals and polymer substrates, different adhesives, metallic and dielectric coatings on polymers. T2 - EURADH 2014 - 10th European Adhesion Conference CY - Alicante, Spain DA - 22.04.2014 KW - Bonding strength KW - Adhesive strength KW - Multi-sample approach KW - Centrifuge technology PY - 2014 SN - 978-84-616-9067-1 SN - 84-616-9067-2 SP - Paper 49, 211 EP - 214 AN - OPUS4-31309 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Baier, Jennifa A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Kittler-Packmor, Kai A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Multiple-sample approach: reliable ranking and validated statistics of bonding and adhesive strength N2 - Bonding strength of adhesive-bonded joints and adhesive strength of coatings have been exclusively determined in single-sample tests using a tensile testing machine. Necessarily, the single-sample approach was also applied to the corresponding bonding procedure. As a consequence, reliability and reproducibility of results were restricted. By applying the newly introduced centrifuge technology, the multiple-sample approach was realized for simultaneous tensile testing of up to eight samples under identical conditions without any disturbing shear-force effects. In order to introduce the multiple-sample approach into the bonding procedure, a hydraulic bonding set-up was developed which enables identical bonding pressure also for slightly different heights of sample assemblies. Both sample approaches were compared for various application examples: ranking of different classes of adhesives, validated statistics of adhesive-bonded joints using one particular adhesive and effects of cleaning and plasma-treatment on the adhesive strength of coatings. The investigated systems included glass, metals and polymer substrates, different adhesives, metallic and dielectric coatings on polymers. KW - Bonding strength KW - Adhesive strength KW - Multi-sample approach KW - Centrifuge technology PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-944261-28-7 SN - 978-3-944261-36-2 SN - 978-3-944261-52-2 VL - 5 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-31310 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Inagaki, N. T1 - Response of linear, branched or crosslinked polyethylene structures on the attack of oxygen plasma N2 - Linear, branched and crosslinked polyethylenes (PE) were exposed to the low-pressure oxygen plasma for 2–120 s. In the following the samples were washed with solvents to remove low-molecular weight oxidized material and to excavate the subjacent polymer structure for microscopic characterization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements provided information about changes in elemental composition and chemical structure of PE after plasma exposure and washing. The calculation of the concentration of tertiary C atoms using XPS data was a measure of branches and crosslinking in the polymer before and after exposure to oxygen plasma. Linear PE was most sensitive towards oxygen plasma and showed the highest concentration in tertiary C atoms after plasma exposure. On the other hand branched PE types, which possess originally more tertiary carbon atoms, have lost two-third of them after 2 s oxygen plasma exposure. Branched PE show also topological changes at their surface as detected by atomic force microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirmed strong changes in crystallinity and molecular orientation of linear PE already after 120 s exposure to the oxygen plasma interpreted as amorphization. These effects should be interpreted as result of crosslinking caused by the recombination of dangling bond sites. KW - Linear and branched polyethylene KW - Oxygen plasma KW - Functionalization KW - Crosslinking PY - 2014 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11090-014-9558-9/fulltext.html DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9558-9 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 1199 EP - 1218 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-30741 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Yin, Huajie A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Gutowski, W. ED - Dodiuk, H. T1 - Aerosol-based DBD - A simple way to provide polymers with functional groups for adhesion promotion N2 - Polypropylene (PP) foils were exposed to the plasma of an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in presence of different aerosols. Pure liquids such as water, ethanol, and 1/1 mixtures ethanol/water (v/v) or aqueous Solutions of acetic acid, poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), and ethylene glycolpoly(vinyl alcohol) copolymer were introduced into the DBD. Surface composition, the number of functional groups per 100 C atoms, and water contact angles were correlated with the energy density of DBD plasma exposure. The wettability of the treated surfaces was investigated for different storage times. Peel strength of the thermally deposited aluminum layer to modified polymer surfaces revealed that the aerosol introduction strongly improves the adhesion between aluminum and polypropylene. KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD KW - Functional groups KW - Surface modification PY - 2013 SN - 978-90-04-20173-6 SN - 978-90-04-20174-3 SP - Chapter 8, 155 EP - 170 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-30035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Adhesion promotion in metal-polymer composites by introduction of functional groups arranged in a well-defined distance to the polymer surface by spacer incorporation T2 - 10th International Conference on the Science and Technology of Adhesion and Adhesives, Euradh 2008 - Adhesion `08 CY - Oxford, UK DA - 2008-09-03 KW - Adhesion KW - Aluminium KW - Polypropylene KW - Plasma polymers KW - Spacer-bonded functional groups PY - 2008 SP - 447 EP - 451 PB - IOM Communications CY - London AN - OPUS4-18616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha T1 - A new concept for adhesion promotion in metal-polymer systems by introduction of covalently bonded spacers at the interface N2 - A new concept for molecular interface design in metal-polymer systems is presented. The main features of this concept are the replacement of weak physical interactions by strong covalent bonds, the flexibilization of the interface for compensating different thermal expansions of materials by using long-chain flexible and covalently bonded spacers between the metal and the polymer as well as its design as a moisture-repellent structure for hindering diffusion of water molecules into the interface and hydrolysis of chemical bonds. For this purpose, the main task was to develop plasmachemical and chemical techniques for equipping polymer surfaces with monotype functional groups of adjustable concentration. The establishing of monotype functional groups allows grafting the functional groups by spacer molecules by applying usual wet-chemical reactions. Four processes were favoured for production of monotype functional groups by highly selective reactions: the plasma bromination, the plasma deposition of plasma polymers, the post-plasma chemical reduction of O-functionalities to OH-groups, and the chemical replacement of bromine groups by NH2-groups. The grafting of flexible organic molecules as spacers between the metal layer and polymer improved the peel strength of the metal. To obtain maximal peel strength of aluminium coatings to polypropylene films and occurrence of cohesive failure in the polypropylene substrate, about 27 OH groups per 100 C-atoms or 6 COOH groups per 100 C-atoms were needed. Introducing C6-11-aliphatic spacers 1 OH or COOH group per 100 C-atoms contributed about 60% of the maximal peel strength of the Al-PP system, i.e. 2 or 3 spacer molecules per 100 C-atoms were sufficient for maximal peel strength. KW - Polymer surface functionalization KW - Spacer grafting KW - Metal-polymer adhesion PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1163/156856108X309611 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 22 IS - 10-11 SP - 1123 EP - 1143 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-17741 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha T1 - New Plasma Techniques for Polymer Surface Modification with Monotype Functional Groups N2 - The production of chemically-defined plasma polymers and the introduction of monotype functional groups onto polymer surfaces are described. One method is to lower the energetic level of low-pressure plasmas. Pressure- and plasma-pulsed plasmas were successfully tested for the production of chemically-defined plasma polymers by increasing the monomer supply during the plasma-off period. Well-defined ultra-thin polymer films with regular structure were deposited from atmospheric plasmas by electrospray techniques. Post-plasma wet-chemical processing was also applied, as were gas/liquid-based aerosols and underwater plasmas. KW - Plasma KW - Polymer-Oberflächenfunktionalisierung KW - Macromolecular plasma KW - Monotype functional groups KW - Plasma bromination KW - Plasma treatment KW - Pressure-pulsed plasma KW - Underwater plasma PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700145 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 5 IS - 5 SP - 407 EP - 423 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-17742 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Rau, A. T1 - Ultra-thin polymer layer deposition by aerosol-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and electrospray ionization (ESI) at atmospheric pressure N2 - Polyolefins are chemically inert and do not adhere well to metals, polymers or inorganics. To overcome this problem, polyolefin surfaces were modified thermally, plasmachemically, or by flame treatment with different oxygen-containing groups, however, unfortunately, such treatments were accompanied by undesired, adhesion lowering polymer degradation. To solve this dilemma, solutions of synthetic polymers and copolymers were prepared, sprayed into the barrier discharge or electrosprayed without discharge and deposited as thin adhesion-promoting layers. The deposited polymer layers from poly(vinylamine), poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) were endowed with monotype functional groups. Using the aerosol - dielectric barrier discharge only a fraction of functional groups survived the deposition process in contrast to the electrospray in which all functional groups were retained. KW - Polymer surface modification KW - Dielectric barrier discharge KW - Polymer aerosols KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Adhesion-promoting layers PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1163/016942409X12598231568429 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 1329 EP - 1350 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-21374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Abscheidung dünner haftvermittelnder Polymerschichten mittels Barriereentladung T2 - 5. Workshop Anwenderkreis Atmosphärendruckplasma CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 2010-06-09 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21486 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Pippig, F. A1 - Merz, B. A1 - Merz, R. A1 - Vohrer, U. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Steffen, H. A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Determination of OH groups at plasma oxidised poly(propylene) by TFAA chemical derivatisation XPS: an inter-laboratory comparison N2 - A first inter-laboratory comparison was conducted to demonstrate and document the capability of interested laboratories to measure the fraction of C—OH species on a plasma oxidised poly(propylene) sample by using a chemical derivatisation XPS approach. This report presents the results from that inter-laboratory comparison and includes the data received for the measured values and their associated standard deviations of laboratory means, at a 95% confidence level. The measurements were guided by a protocol developed within the group before and summarised shortly in the paper. Standard deviations that may characterise the state-of-the-art for the nominally simple and rather often practised case of TFAA chemical derivatisation XPS of C—OH species on a plasma oxidised polyolefin surface are calculated following ISO 5725-2:1994. The main conclusion is that the associated degree of equivalence reached by the participating laboratories in this comparison is still low. Further research to improve chemical derivatisation XPS protocols is mandatory. KW - Chemical derivatisation KW - ESCA/XPS KW - Inter-laboratory comparison KW - Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) KW - Poly(propylene) (PP) PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200900142 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 7 IS - 6 SP - 494 EP - 503 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-21678 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Girard-Lauriault, Pierre-Luc A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Matsubayashi, N. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Non-destructive sub-surface chemical characterization of air-exposed plasma polymers by energy-resolved XPS KW - Plasma polymers KW - Synchrotron XPS KW - Depth profiling KW - Derivatisation PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200900130 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 7 IS - 6 SP - 474 EP - 481 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-21711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - New concept for polymer metal interfaces T2 - MACRO 2010 Polymer Science in the Service of Society CY - Glasgow, Scotland DA - 2010-07-11 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21847 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - New concept for metal-polyolefin composite interfaces T2 - MACRO 2010 Polymer Science in the Service of Society CY - Glasgow, Scotland DA - 2010-07-11 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21780 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Tailored functionalized surfaces for metallized polymers T2 - MARCO 2008, Polymers at Frontiers of Science und Technology CY - Taipei, Taiwan DA - 2008-06-29 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17702 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Introduction of covalently bonded flexible spacers into polymer-metal interfaces T2 - 11th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2008-09-15 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17910 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mittmann, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - K.L. Mittal, T1 - Plasma Bromination - a selective way to monotype functionalized polymer surfaces KW - Functional groups KW - Polymer surfaces KW - Plasma bromination KW - Grafting KW - Spacer KW - Selective plasma process PY - 2009 SN - 978-90-04-16590-8 VL - 5 SP - 3 EP - 18 PB - Koninklijke Brill NV CY - Leiden, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-18944 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Labahn, Diana A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Dielectric relaxation of ultrathin films of supported polysulfone N2 - The dynamic glass transition (α relaxation, structural relaxation) of ultrathin polysulfone films prepared between aluminum electrodes is investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. As a main result, it is found that the glass transition temperature Tg does not depend on the thickness of the polymeric layer down to a thickness of 10 nm. For thicknesses lower than 10 nm, an increase of Tg is observed. A more detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of the relaxation rates reveals that the Vogel temperature increases and the fragility decreases systematically with decreasing film thickness d. Further, the dielectric strength Δε decreases with decreasing d. This is discussed by the formation of a surface layer of adsorbed polysulfone segments having a reduced molecular mobility with regard to the time scale characteristic of the glassy dynamics of bulk polysulfone. Plotted versus inverse film thickness Δε decreases linearly with 1/d and becomes zero for an extrapolated length scale of 10 nm. From that it is concluded that the thickness of the adsorbed boundary layer is about 5 nm. Contact-angle measurements were carried out to confirm the strong interaction between aluminum and polysulfone. It is also shown that preparation details like annealing conditions strongly influence the glass transition of supported ultrathin films. KW - Adsorbed layers KW - Aluminium KW - Annealing KW - Contact angle KW - Dielectric relaxation KW - Electrodes KW - Glass transition KW - Polymer films KW - Thin films PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.011801 SN - 1539-3755 SN - 1063-651X VL - 79 IS - 1 SP - 011801-1 - 011801-9 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-19050 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Rau, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - G. Blasek, T1 - Aerosol-Barriereentladung und Elektrospray zur Polymerschichtabscheidung T2 - 17. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium - Beschichtung, Modifizierung und Charakterisierung von Polymeroberflächen CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2009-10-21 KW - Corona KW - Barriereentladung KW - Haftvermittler KW - Schälfestigkeit PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-9812550-1-0 SP - 76 EP - 80 AN - OPUS4-20252 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pfuch, A. A1 - Horn, K. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Ramm, M. A1 - Heft, A. A1 - Schimanski, A. ED - Suchentrunk, R. T1 - Direct and remote plasma assisted CVD at atmospheric pressure for the preparation of oxide thin films N2 - In this paper the preparation of silicon and titanium oxide thin films using an atmospheric pressure plasma process will be reported. To obtain these oxide films hexamethyldisiloxane and titanium tetraisopropoxide were used as precursor materials. Based on the different chemical reaction mechanisms the film deposition processes were carried out in the direct as well as in the remote PACVD mode. The deposition parameters were varied and the influence on different film properties was studied. The deposited oxide films were characterised by profilometry, ellipsometry, SEM, UV-VIS-NIR-transmission measurements. FT-IR spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Additionally, first results will be presented concerning the creation of composite films using a combination of plasma and liquid dye nebulization technique. KW - FTIR KW - Ellipsometry KW - Profilometry KW - SEM KW - PACVD KW - Silicon oxide PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-87480-259-8 VL - 66 SP - 114 EP - 124 PB - Eugen G. Leuze CY - Bad Saulgau AN - OPUS4-22798 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure of plasma-deposited poly(acrylic acid) films N2 - Poly(acrylic acid) films with a thickness of about 150?nm were deposited using a pulsed plasma onto aluminum and glass. The structure/property relationships of these samples were studied in dependence to the duty cycle (DC) of the plasma by a broad combination of different techniques and probes. For the first time, volume sensitive methods (FTIR, dielectric spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry) are combined with surface analyses i.e. XPS. For an unambiguous identification of COOH groups by XPS, derivatization with trifluoroethanol was accomplished. Quantitative FTIR investigations give qualitatively a dependence of the concentration of COOH groups upon DC similar to that given by XPS investigations. The observed differences are discussed considering the different analytical depths of both methods. The dielectric measurements reveal that the structure of the plasma deposited films is different from that of the bulk material. Moreover, these measurements show also that the plasma deposited films are not thermally stable but undergo a post plasma chemical reaction during heating, where the reaction kinetics depends on DC. PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000108 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 147 EP - 159 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-23478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure-property relationship of thin plasma deposited poly(allyl alcohol) films N2 - Poly(allyl alcohol) films with a thickness of about 150 nm were deposited by pulse plasma polymerization onto different substrates (inorganic and organic). The structure/property relationships of these samples were studied in dependence on the duty cycle (DC) of the plasma by a broad combination of different techniques and probes. For the first time volume sensitive methods (FTIR and dielectric spectroscopy) are combined with surface analytics by employing XPS for that system. FTIR spectroscopy gives qualitatively the same dependence of the concentration of the OH groups on DC like XPS. The observed differences are discussed considering the different analytical depths of both the methods. The dielectric measurements show that the plasma deposited films are not thermally stable but undergo a post plasma chemical reaction during heating. The results obtained by dielectric spectroscopy are discussed in detail with the data from FTIR and XPS measurements. KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Dielectric properties KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface and bulk characterization KW - Thermal stability PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9297-0 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 477 EP - 498 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-23671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - The influence of spacers between functional groups and metal surface on the adhesion of metal to polymers T2 - Karls-University, Prague CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2008-04-28 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17458 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Adhesion promotion in metal-polymer composites by introduction of functional groups arranged in a well-defined distance to the polymer surface by spacer incorporation T2 - Euradh 2008 - Adhesion '08 - Tenth International Conference on the Science and Technology of Adhesion and Adhesives CY - Oxford, England DA - 2008-09-03 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17821 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zur Haftung Poplypropylen - Aluminium: einfluss von spacergebundenen funktionellen Gruppen auf die Adhäsion T2 - Einladung Prof. Klages CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2008-11-11 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18183 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Adhesion Polypropylene - Aluminium by Aerosol Based DBD Treatment of Foils T2 - Third Asian Conf. on Adhesion CY - Hamamatsu, Japan DA - 2009-06-07 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19439 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Joshi, Ranjit ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - New plasmas for polymer surface functionalization T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 29A/a8, 1 EP - 4 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20666 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - Aerosol and underwater plasma for polymer surface functionalization T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 27P/80, 1 EP - 4 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Aerosol-based DBD - a simple way to provide polymers with functional groups for adhesion promotion T2 - ACS 240th National Meeting, Symposium in Honor of Kash Mittal CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 2010-08-22 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21866 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hanelt, Sven A1 - Mach, Reinhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - Plasma-chemical bromination of graphitic materials and its use for subsequent functionalization and grafting of organic molecules N2 - Plasma-chemical bromination has been shown to be well-suited for highly selective and efficient C–Br-functionalization of polyolefin surfaces and has now been applied to graphitic materials, including highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), natural graphite, carbon nanotubes, and graphitized carbon fibres. In contrast to the radical substitution of hydrogen by bromine at hydrogen-terminated sp3-hybridized carbon, bromination of all-carbon bound sp2-hybridized carbon in graphene requires addition to aromatic double bonds. The related change of sp2 to sp3 hybridization of the carbon atoms involved helps to explain experimental results of a loss in surface planarity on brominated HOPG. Bromine concentrations of up to 50 bromine atoms per 100 C-atoms were achieved in elemental bromine vapour under low-pressure plasma conditions using low-energetic inductively coupled radio-frequency plasma excitation. The time scale of the bromination progress was found to increase with the specific surface area of the material. The results of plasma-chemical bromination are compared to that of wet-chemical electrophilic addition reactions, which achieved 28 Br per 100 C for MWCNT. The resulting C–Br bonds from plasma-chemical processing of graphitic materials were shown to be well-suited for hydroxyl functionalization and for grafting of organic molecules by nucleophilic substitution with 1,6-diaminohexane and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.06.054 SN - 0008-6223 SN - 1873-3891 VL - 48 IS - 13 SP - 3884 EP - 3894 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-21954 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Polymer surface modification by dielectric barrier discharge in presence of aerosols T2 - Plasmadays 2010 CY - Luxembourg City, Luxembourg DA - 2010-07-05 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21986 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Functional groups bearing plasma homo and copolymer layers as adhesion promoters in metal-polymer composites N2 - Functional groups bearing monomers were pulsed plasma polymerised with a degree of retained functional groups of 55–91%. The following functional groups could be produced at a maximum of: 30 OH, 18 NH2, and 24 COOH per 100 C atoms. A plasma-initiated radical copolymerisation could also be realised using the functional group bearing monomers as a source of functionalities, olefins as ‘chain-extenders’ and dienes as ‘chemical cross-linkers’. The peel strengths of Al layers on such plasma polymers were correlated to the type and density of functional groups. KW - Functional groups KW - Adhesion promoters KW - Metal-polymer composites PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00350-5 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 174-175 SP - 811 EP - 815 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-2703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Fritz, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Polymer surface modification with monofunctional groups of variable types and densities N2 - The retention of chemical structure and functional groups during pulsed plasma polymerization was used for producing adhesion-promoting plasma polymer layers with high concentrations of exclusively one kind of functional groups, such as OH, NH2, or COOH. The maximum content of functional groups was 31 OH using allyl alcohol, 18 NH2 using allylamine, or 24 COOH per 100 C atoms using acrylic acid. To vary the density of functional groups, chemical co-polymerization with ethylene as 'chain-extending' co-monomer, or butadiene as 'chemical crosslinker' was initiated in the pulsed plasma. The composition of these co-polymers was investigated by XPS and IR spectroscopy. The concentrations of functional groups were measured by derivatizing with fluorine-containing reagents and using XPS. A set of plasma parameters was found to be a good compromise between a high number of functional groups and complete insolubility in water, ethanol or THF,which is needed for further chemical processing. Here, these monotype-functionalized surfaces were used in metal-polymer systems as adhesion-promoting interlayers to examine the influence of type and density of functional groups on adhesion. As expected, COOH- and OH-group-terminated interlayers showed maximum peel strengths to evaporated aluminium layers. The adhesion increased linearly with the number of OH groups to a maximum at about 27 OH per 100 C atoms. Higher concentrations of OH groups did not increase the peel strength further. KW - Co-polymers KW - Adhesion-promoting interlayers KW - Metal-polymer systems PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1163/156856103322396695 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 17 IS - 12 SP - 1591 EP - 1617 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-2704 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Plasma-based introduction of monosort functional groups of different type and density onto polymer surfaces. Part 2: Pulsed plasma polymerization N2 - This new functionalization method consists of the deposition of very thin plasma polymer layers (20 to 100 nm) of functional group bearing monomers in pulsed plasma. With allylalcohol, a maximum of 30 OH groups per 100 C atoms was measured with a selectivity of about 90% and a significant stability at long-time exposure to air. Allylamine was used to produce primary amino groups, with a maximum of 18 NH2 groups per 100 C atoms. Side reactions were observed during the storage in air, such as oxidation of the amino groups. Carboxylic groups could be produced using acrylic acid with a maximum concentration of 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms. The most prominent side reaction was the decarbonylation/ decarboxylation of the acid group during plasma deposition.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ The variation of the density of functional groups using the pulsed-plasma polymerization of functional-group-bearing monomers was possible by the chemically-initiated radical copolymerization with either a chain-extending monomer, such as ethylene, or a cross linker, such as butadiene, in plasma. The density of functional groups could be adjusted continuously (0 to 30 OH, 0 to 18 NH2 and 0 to 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms).___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ The successful application of these densely functionalized polymer surfaces for producing biocompatible surfaces and for use in metal–polymer composites is proposed. KW - Pulsed plasma polymerization KW - Plasma-initiated copolymerization KW - Charcterization of homo- and copolymers PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1163/156855403765826874 VL - 10 IS - 2-3 SP - 173 EP - 223 PB - North-Holland CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-2706 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolymerisation - deposition rates and plasma diagnostics in dependence on the pulse length and frequency T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Comparison of different plasmachemical processes for the formation of monotype functionalized polymer surfaces T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2709 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Fritz, Andreas A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolymerisation - characterization of thin plasma polymer layers by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Polymer surface modification with monofunctional groups of different type and density T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2712 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Adhesion between metal atoms and polymer surfaces fitted with different types and variable density of functional groups T2 - International Workshop on Plasma Polymers and Related Materials CY - Antalya, Turkey DA - 2004-10-06 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Formation of Plasma Polymer Layers with Functional Groups of Different Type and Density at Polymer Surfaces and their Interaction with Al Atoms N2 - Monotype functionalizations with different types of functional groups (OH, NH2, COOH) on polypropylene and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces were synthesized using pulsed plasma-initiated homo- or copolymerization of functional group-carrying monomers. The maximum concentrations of functional groups were 31 OH, 18 NH2 or 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms using allyl alcohol, allylamine or acrylic acid respectively as the monomer. The measured peel strengths of aluminium deposits increased linearly with the concentration of functional groups. Near the maximum concentration of OH (>27 OH/100 C atoms) or at moderate concentrations of COOH groups (>10 COOH/100 C atoms), constant (maximum) peel strengths were measured due to the mechanical collapse of one component in the composite (cohesive failure). Interface failures in Al-PP composites were found with COOH, NH2 and OH groups and cohesive failures were seen when higher concentrations of COOH groups were applied (>10 COOH/100 C atoms). PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400008 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 50 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-4707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Plasma-initiated radical gas phase copolymerisation of functional groupscarrying and chain-extending comonomers and the quantitative measuring of retained functional groups at polymeer surfaces using the derivatization technique and XPS T2 - ECASIA `03 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4675 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Contribution of chemical interactions to the adhesion between aluminium and functional groups of different (mono-) type and density at polymer surfaces T2 - 7th European Adhesion Conference (EURADH 2004) CY - Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany DA - 2004-09-07 PY - 2004 VL - 1 SP - 138 EP - 143 PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-4680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Matsubayashi, N. A1 - Imamura, M. A1 - Tanaka, T. A1 - Shimada, H. T1 - Non-destructive chemical depth-profiling by variable excitation energy XPS: TFAA derivatized allyl alcohol - ethylene plasma polymer films KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - Plasmapolymerisation PY - 2004 UR - http://pfwww.kek.jp/acr2003pdf/part_b/pf03b076.pdf SN - 1344-6339 VL - 21 SP - 76 PB - KEK - High Energy Accelerator Research Organization CY - Tsukuba AN - OPUS4-5849 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Mix, Renate ED - Radusch, H.-J. ED - Fiedler, L. T1 - Plasma-initiated homo and copolymerisation for modifying polymer surfaces with funtional groups of different type and density T2 - Internationale Fachtagung Polymerwerkstoffe ; P-2002 CY - Halle (Saale), Germany DA - 2002-09-25 PY - 2002 SN - 3-86010-656-2 SP - 534 EP - 539 PB - Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg CY - Halle (Saale) AN - OPUS4-6969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Functional groups bearing plasma homo and copolymer layers as adhesion promoters in metal-polymer composites T2 - 10. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium (NDVaK) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2002-10-17 PY - 2002 SP - 6 EP - 15 PB - DTVa CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-6970 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate ED - D'Agostino, R. T1 - Polymer Surface Modification with Monofunctional Groups of Different Type and Density T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry ; ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2005 SN - 3-527-40487-2 SP - 3 EP - 21 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-7019 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Tailoring of Polymer Surfaces with Different Monotype Functional Groups of Variable Density Using Chemical and Plasma Chemical Processes T2 - 10th Dresden Polymer Discussion: Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films CY - Meißen, Germany DA - 2005-04-10 KW - Plasma modification KW - Introduction of functional groups KW - Reactions at polymer surfaces PY - 2005 SP - 34 EP - 49 PB - Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden CY - Meißen AN - OPUS4-7332 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Adhesion of metals to plasma-induced functional groups at polymer surfaces N2 - The peel strength of aluminium to polypropylene and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) was determined in dependence on the type and the concentration of functional groups on the polymer surface. For this purpose the polymer surface was equipped with monotype functional groups. The first method to produce monotype functionalized surfaces was an introduction of O functional groups using an oxygen plasma treatment and converting these groups to OH groups applying a wet chemical reduction. In result of this two-step treatment the hydroxyl group concentration at the polymer surface could be increased from 3–4 to 10–14 OH groups/100 C atoms. The second method consists in the deposition of a 150 nm adhesion-promoting layer of plasmapolymers or copolymers onto the polymer surface using the pulsed plasma technique. For that purpose functional groups carrying monomers as allyl alcohol, allylamine and acrylic acid were used. Applying the plasma-initiated copolymerization and using neutral “monomers” like ethylene or butadiene the concentration of the functional groups was varied. A correlation of peel strength with the ability of forming chemical interactions between Al atoms and functional groups was found: COOH > OH >> NH2 > H(CH2–CH2). KW - Peel strength KW - Aluminium KW - Polypropylene KW - Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Allylamine KW - Acrylic acid KW - Plasma surface treatment KW - Adhesion PY - 2005 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 200 IS - 1-4 SP - 565 EP - 568 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-10897 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Possart, W. T1 - Contribution of chemical interactions to the adhesion between evaporated metals and functional groups of different types at polymer surfaces PY - 2005 SN - 3-527-31263-3 SP - 265 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-10898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -