TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen an hochlegierten Werkstoffen in künstlichen Geothermiefluiden unter Betriebsbedingungen T2 - ProcessNet Symposium "Anlagenschäden - Risiken erkennen und vermeiden" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2013-04-23 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29364 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Beständigkeit von Ti-Legierungen in anorganischen Säuren bei 200°C T2 - VDM - Korrosionsgespräch "Korrosion an hochlegierten Werkstoffen" CY - Altena, Germany DA - 2013-08-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29369 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Corrosion behavior and limitations of duplex steel 1.4462 in artificial fluids of different geothermal wells in Germany N2 - Within the last years the use of geothermal energy as feasible energy source has risen and is going to replace fossil fuel supply more and more. Nevertheless, Service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Since the construction of geothermal power plants shall be economical with maximum life Service, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable Operation ofthose facilities. The materials selection depends on the location of a power plant respectively on the Chemical composition of the produced aquifer fluid. The duplex Steel is often used as allround solution not only for the construction of geothermal power plants, because of its combination of good mechanical and corrosion properties and its lower costs compared to other highly alloyed materials. But there are limits for the use of the duplex-steel 1.4462 regarding its corrosion behavior, with which this contribution deals. The limitations of suitability of duplex steel 1.4462 in the geothermal fluids of Molasse Basin and Upper Rhine Graben obtained by means of electrochemical measurements and exposure tests are presented below. While 1.4462 in the artificial Molasse Basin Fluid shows an excellent corrosion resistance against pitting and uniform corrosion it presents low corrosion resistance in the artificial Upper Rhine Graben Fluid due to the difference in salinity. Besides it shows a limited corrosion resistance concerning crevice corrosion. T2 - EUROCORR 2013 - The European corrosion congress CY - Estoril, Portugal DA - 01.09.2013 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Duplex steel KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2013 SN - 978-989-8601-31-5 SP - 1 (Paper 1243) AN - OPUS4-29477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Araújo, A. A1 - Panossian, Z. A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Monitoramento da corrosao em estruturas de concreto: sensor galvânico N2 - O monitoramento das estruturas de concreto possibilita que o risco de corrosão seja estimado ao longo dos anos de sua utilização. Com o conhecimento desse risco, intervenções de prevenção da corrosão ou de controle da corrosão já estabelecida podem ser programadas e realizadas em períodos adequados. Na prática, o risco de corrosão é avaliado por meio da verificação periódica do estado da armadura e das alterações nas propriedades do concreto. Isso pode ser feito por meio do embutimento no concreto de cobrimento de sensores de aquisição contínua de dados. Há diferentes tipos de sensores de aquisição contínua de dados. Um dos mais conhecidos é o sensor galvânico que consta de um conjunto de barras de aço-carbono, eletricamente isoladas. Com o embutimento do sensor, essas barras ficam posicionadas em diferentes e conhecidas profundidades do concreto de cobrimento da armadura. O risco de corrosão da armadura é monitorado com a periódica medição da corrente galvânica em cada uma das barras do sensor. Essa medição, dentre outras informações do sensor galvânico foram abordadas em artigo anterior. Além do sensor galvânico, destacam-se o sensor de umidade e o de taxa de corrosão, que monitoram parâmetros importantes relacionados ao estabelecimento e evolução de processo corrosivo das armaduras. A seguir esses sensores são apresentados, bem como o sensor de fibra óptica, o qual apresenta algumas vantagens em relação aos demais mencionados, embora ainda seja de uso restrito. KW - Sensor da corrosao PY - 2013 SN - 0104-1053 VL - 194 IS - Maio SP - 62 EP - 66 PB - PINI AN - OPUS4-29403 LA - por AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Korrosion metallischer Werkstoffe - Erscheinungen, Auswirkungen, Beurteilung T2 - ERFA QM Treffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-09-25 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29375 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Invited Plenary Lecture: Stainless Steels for Use in Alternative Energy Generations Facilities T2 - Stainless Steel World CY - Maastricht, Netherlands DA - 2013-11-12 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29377 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Keserovic, A. A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Material evaluation for application in geothermal systems in Indonesia N2 - Material selection is one of the major aspects when it comes to designing a geothermal power plant due to the highly concentrated solutions of corrosive salts at high temperatures and pressures present in geothermal systems. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the corrosion behavior of three different steel grades (low alloy steel UNS G41300, stainless steel UNS S31603 and high-alloyed stainless steel UNS N08031) by means of exposure and electrochemical tests in static conditions at 100 °C (100 kPa) and 175 °C (800 kPa). The research was carried out in a synthetic geothermal fluid (1,500 mg/L chlorides, 20 mg/L sulphates, pH 4), simulating the conditions present at the geothermal field Sibayak, North Sumatra (Indonesia). Different test setups were performed in order to investigate the most common corrosion types present in geothermal systems; uniform, pitting and crevice corrosion. According to the obtained results at 100 °C, stainless steel could represent an option to be used in the designed geothermal application due to its excellent performance in terms of corrosion resistance, compared to alloy UNS G41300, and lower cost, compared to alloy UNS N08031. However, for 175 °C, a higher alloyed material should be evaluated or appropriate material protection methods should be considered, since none of the investigated materials provided absolutely satisfying results. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2013 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 17.03.2013 KW - Geothermal KW - Corrosion KW - Low alloy steel KW - Stainless steel KW - Electrochemistry PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-627-48145-8 SP - 1 EP - 10 (Paper 2269) PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY AN - OPUS4-29401 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth T1 - Corrosion resistance of high-alloyed materials in artificial geothermal fluids N2 - The corrosion behavior of different high-alloyed metals including duplex and austenitic stainless Steels as well as a nickel alloy have been evaluated in artificial geothermal fluids simulating the conditions in the Upper Rhine Graben and the Northern German Basin, some locations with geothermal potential in Germany. The suitability of UNSS31803, UNS S32760 and super austenitic Steel UNS N08031 in These geothermal fluids obtained by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests is limited. The nickel alloy UNS N06059 shows an excellent corrosion resistance against pitting corrosion. Excluding its high cost, it is a very good alternative to be used in the construction of geothermal facilities having highly saline brines. Stainless and duplex steels exhibit a limited corrosion resistance concerning pitting and crevice corrosion. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2013 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 17.03.2013 KW - Steel KW - Geothermal KW - Brine KW - Salt solution PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-627-48145-8 SP - 1 EP - 8 (Paper 2327) PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY AN - OPUS4-29402 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Alves, H. A1 - Behrens, R. A1 - Kurumlu, D. A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - High performance alloys to mitigate corrosion in the energy industry - a contribution to a clean environment N2 - In order to evaluate materials for components in geothermal brines with high salt content a range of corrosion resistant materials has been selected for corrosion testing, comprising the materials alloy 31, 625, 59, 2120 and titanium Ti Gr. 2. Testing was done in an artificial brine simulating the natural conditions of the North German Basin at the Groß Schönebeck location with high salt content (165 g/l Cl-) and a test temperature of 150 °C. Pitting corrosion had occurred on alloys 31 and 625 after potentiodynamic polarization. The results obtained on the alloys 59, 2120 and Ti Gr.2 indicate that these materials are offering sufficient resistance to the various forms of corrosive attack as they might occur in geothermal saline services of this kind. For the most aggressive service conditions as they may occur in flue gas desulfurization, waste incineration, other aspects of environmental engineering and beyond, a new nickel alloy with 21 % Cr and 19 % Mo has been developed recently. The new alloy 2120 is the first Ni-Cr-Mo alloy to contain nitrogen as an alloying constituent. Together with the chromium and the increased molybdenum content the alloying with nitrogen results in a pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of about 86 and a corresponding high resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, surpassing the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys being commonly in use so far. The alloy is easily manufactured into the various shapes which are needed in flue gas desulfurization, waste incineration and other industrial equipment. Depending on the wall thickness welding can be done using a matching filler or without filler metal. T2 - EUROCORR 2013 - The European corrosion congress CY - Estoril, Portugal DA - 01.09.2013 KW - Alloy 31 (EN 1.4562, UNS N08031) KW - Alloy 31 plus KW - Alloy 625 (EN 2.4856, UNS N06625) KW - Alloy C-276 (EN 2.4819, UNS N10276) KW - Alloy 59 (EN 2.4605, UNS N06059) KW - Alloy 2120 (EN 2.4700, UNS N06058) KW - Titanium Ti Gr. 2 (DIN 3.7035, UNS R50400) KW - Geothermal brines KW - Flue gas desulfurization KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Crevice corrosion PY - 2013 SN - 978-989-8601-31-5 SP - 1 EP - 13 (Paper 1238) AN - OPUS4-29478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth T1 - Korrosionsbeständigkeit von höherlegierten Werkstoffen in tiefen Aquiferfluiden N2 - Erdwärme ist generell gesehen eine langfristig nutzbare Energiequelle zur Stromerzeugung und zählt zu den regenerativen Energien. Ein wesentlicher Punkt für den sicheren und zuverlässigen Betrieb von Geothermieanlagen liegt, aufgrund der extremen Betriebsbedingungen, bei der Werkstoffauswahl für den Aufbau der bohr- und verfahrenstechnischen Einrichtungen. Hier wiederum spielt die vorläufige Werkstoffqualifizierung eine entscheidende Rolle. In diesem Beitrag werden die, anhand von elektrochemischen Untersuchungen und klassischen Auslagerungsversuchen im Labor ermittelten, Einsatzgrenzen von hochlegierten Werkstoffen für geothermische Tiefbohrungen zur Förderung von Aquiferfluiden im Bereich des Norddeutschen Beckens und des Oberrheingrabens dargestellt. T2 - 3-Länder-Korrosionstagung - Korrosionsschutztechnische Herausforderungen der Energiewende - anwendungs- und werkstofftechnische Fragestellungen CY - Frankfurt, Germany DA - 25.04.2013 KW - Hochlegierter Stahl KW - Ni-Legierung KW - Geothermie KW - Örtliche Korrosion KW - Klassische Auslagerung KW - Elektrochemie PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-935406-50-5 SP - 23 EP - 31 AN - OPUS4-29404 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -