TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Investigation of a transparent glass ceramics concerning the identification as a strange material in glass cullet T2 - Meeting international Commission in Glas (ICG) - Technical Committee 2 (TC-2) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-04-27 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12383 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Britta A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Michaelis, Matthias A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Analysis of pure copper - a comparison of analytical mehods KW - Pure copper KW - Elemental analytical mehtods KW - Reference material KW - Sample dissolution PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-007-0849-1 SN - 0026-3672 SN - 1436-5073 VL - 160 SP - 97 EP - 107 PB - Springer CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-17565 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Metrology in chemistry - a rocky road N2 - The application of metrology in chemical analysis is today hampered by psychological and practical barriers. The argumentation is based on the differences in physical and chemical metrology, which arises mainly from the objects of the measurements. The term “measurement” is discussed in the realm of analytical chemistry with a special focus on the inherent relation between chemical identification and determination as well as the consequent use of the concept of traceability and uncertainty. KW - Metrology in chemistry KW - Chemical analysis KW - Traceability KW - Uncertainty PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-007-0909-6 SN - 0026-3672 SN - 1436-5073 VL - 162 IS - 1-2 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - Springer CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-17727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gusarova, Tamara A1 - Hofmann, T. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Venzago, C. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Comparison of different calibration strategies for the analysis of zinc and other pure metals by using the GD-MS instruments VG 9000 and element GD N2 - Synthetic pressed metal powder standards doped with standard solutions were used for the calibration of both commercially available high resolution GD-MS instruments Element GD and VG 9000 for zinc matrix. Different quantification procedures (IBR, Standard RSF, matrix matched RSF from the calibration with CRMs and use of doped synthetic standards) are compared using zinc matrix as an example, whereas the calibration with doped pellets turned out to be the best quantification technique for high-purity materials. The applicability of the Standard RSF concept is scrutinised. In this context, RSF values for several Matrices (Co, Cu, Fe, In and Zn) are reported additionally. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b921649a SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 SP - 314 EP - 321 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-22376 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Rückführbare Messungen zur Multielement-Spurenbestimmung metallischer und nichtmetallischer Analyten in Reinstmetallen mit dem Glimmentladungs-Massenspektrometer Element-GD T2 - Das 14. Deutsche GDS-Anwendertreffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-04-17 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17726 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gopala, Anil A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Use of mass spectrometric detection as a versatile process monitoring tool: reduction patterns in a milled ZnO/Al mixture N2 - Mass spectrometric detection can play a prominent role in the assessment of different reactions occurring at varied temperatures in a milled ZnO/Al mixture. This is the first time that online mass spectrometric information was used as a tool for monitoring and understanding the chemical reduction process mechanism. We have observed four different types of reaction taking place: (1) distillation of Zn metal, (2) reduction of ZnO by activated Al, (3) melting of Al and finally (4) reduction of ZnO by inactivated Al. The experimental conditions and results observed by QMS were supported with literature data and physical measurement data from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) which gave us an idea about the complex reaction cascade which occurred during the formation of the zinc metal. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ay00057d SN - 1759-9660 SN - 1759-9679 VL - 2 SP - 451 EP - 454 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-21291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Wälle, M. A1 - Koch, J. A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Günther, D. T1 - Evaluation of different calibration strategies for the analysis of pure copper and zinc samples using femtosecond laser ablation ICP-MS N2 - Solution-doped metal powder pellets as well as aspirated liquids were used as calibration samples to analyze pure copper and zinc certified reference materials (CRMs) by femtosecond laser ablation ICP-MS. It was demonstrated that calibration by copper pellets resulted in relative deviations up to 20%, whereas fs-LA-ICP-MS among copper-based CRMs led to inaccuracies in the same range unless nominal mass fractions were chosen to be <3 mg/kg. Calibration by zinc pellets generally provided better accuracy. Depending on the analyte considered, deviations below 10% were obtained even for mass fractions close to the limit of quantification. Our data, therefore, indicate solution-doped metal powder pellets to be suitable as calibration samples for fs-LA-ICP-MS of metals. Furthermore, the utilization of liquid standards for calibration was found to result in stronger deviations of up to 50% for both copper and zinc samples which, in addition, turned out to be dependent on the plasma conditions. KW - Laser ablation KW - ICP-MS KW - Calibration KW - Copper KW - Zinc KW - Metal PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3061-9 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 395 IS - 5 SP - 1471 EP - 1480 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-20402 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Different calibration strategies for the analysis of pure copper metal by nanosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry N2 - In this work, different calibration strategies for the determination of trace elements in pure copper metal by nanosecond laser ablation ICP-MS were investigated. In addition to certified reference materials (CRMs), pellets of doped copper powder were used for calibration. The micro homogeneity of the CRMs as well as the solution-doped pellets was sufficient to use them as calibration samples in combination with a laser spot size of 200 µm. In contrast, pellets doped with analytes in solid form showed a significant heterogeneity. For most of the investigated analytes and copper CRMs the measured mass fractions were within ± 20% of their certified values when other copper CRMs were used as calibration samples. When solution-doped powder pellets were used as calibration samples a systematic trend towards mass fractions below the certified values was observed for nearly all elements determined in the analysed CRMs. Thermal fractionation effects during the ablation of the solution-doped pellets were suspected as the extent of the fractionation depends on the irradiance, whereas fractionation is reduced at higher irradiance. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b915564c SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 690 EP - 696 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-21195 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Special new techniques of atomic spectrometric methods for trace analysis of high purity metals T2 - The 10th International Conference on Ultra-High-purity Metallic-Base Materials UHPM 2003 CY - Saint-Étienne, France DA - 2003-06-16 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Bewertung von Ringversuchen zur Validierung und Normung von direkten Feststoff-Analysenverfahren zur Multielement-Spurenbestimmung in SiC-Pulvern mit ETV ICP OES und DC Arc OES N2 - Siliciumcarbid (SiC) ist ein wichtiges technisches Material nicht nur in seinen klassischen Anwendungsbereichen, die auf seinen hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere seiner großen Härte, und seinem besonderen thermischen Verhalten beruhen. Vielfache Anwendungen finden sich auch als Hochleistungskeramik, in der Halbleitertechnik, der Opto- und Mikroelektronik. Für seinen Gebrauch in den verschiedenen Anwendungsgebieten ist die Reinheit des Materials von großer Bedeutung. Die auf der Verwendung von Aufschlusslösungen basierende Analytik ist wegen des erforderlichen zeitaufwendigen Aufschlussverfahrens wenig effektiv. Für größere Analysenserien und für die schnellere Bereitstellung der Ergebnisse sind deshalb direkte Analysenverfahren mit Festprobentechnik von verschiedenen Autoren erprobt und eingesetzt worden. Um zu zuverlässigen und vergleichbaren analytischen Aussagen zu gelangen, sind für einen breiten Einsatz bei den Herstellern validierte und genormte Analysenverfahren erforderlich. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse sind Bestandteil des Validierungs- und Normungsprozesses. Hierbei wurde für jede der beiden Feststoff-Analysenmethoden mit Multielementcharakter, die optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma und elektrothermischer Verdampfung (ETV ICP OES) und die optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit Gleichstrombogenanregung (DC Arc OES), ein Ringversuch zur Multielement-Spurenbestimmung an sechs vorcharakterisierten Siliciumcarbidpulvern durchgeführt. An diesen Laborvergleichen beteiligten sich mit der ETV ICP OES acht und mit der DC Arc OES neun Laboratorien aus Industrieunternehmen, Forschungseinrichtungen und Universitäten. An jeder der sechs untersuchten Proben wurden sechs parallele Messungen ausgeführt, mit der ETV ICP OES für die Analyten Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Ti, V und Zr und mit der DC Arc OES für die Analyten Al, B, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ni, Ti und Zr. Für drei der sechs Proben wurden die Gehalte aus den auf der Basis dieser Messungen bestimmten Kalibrierkurven ermittelt, wobei die jeweilige Probe nicht in die Kalibrierung einbezogen wurde. Aus den ermittelten Gehalten wurden nach DIN ISO 5725-2 die Wiederhol- und die Vergleichspräzision beider Analysenverfahren berechnet. Diese stellen wichtige Beiträge zur Verfahrensvalidierung und zur geplanten Normung im Rahmen des DIN NMP 264 "Chemische Analyse von nichtoxidischen keramischen Roh- und Werkstoffen" dar. Ein Eindruck über die Richtigkeit beider Analysenverfahren läßt sich durch Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den durch rückführbare Messungen zuvor erhaltenen Werten gewinnen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass diese auch für die Kalibrierung verwendeten Gehaltsangaben der sechs verschiedenen Kalibrierproben nicht in allen Fällen auf einer geraden oder monoton steigenden Kalibrierkurve liegen. Im Nachgang wurde außerdem von der BAM in Kooperation mit der GDMB und unter breiter internationaler Beteiligung eines der sechs SiC-Pulver als Referenzmaterial zertifiziert. Hierdurch wird die Zuverlässigkeit der Aussagen zur Richtigkeit noch weiter erhöht. Die Vergleichs- und die Wiederholpräzision werden als überwiegend gut eingeschätzt, die Richtigkeit als gut bis befriedigend; nur in wenigen Fällen treten größere systematische Abweichungen von den Referenzwerten auf. Damit werden beide Analysentechniken als geeignet zur schnellen Direktanalytik der nur schwer und zeitaufwendig aufzuschließenden Siliciumcarbidpulver bewertet. Im Beitrag wird außer auf die Ringversuche und ihre Auswertung auch auf methodische Besonderheiten beider direkten Feststoff-Analysenverfahren eingegangen. T2 - CANAS '05, Colloquium Analytische Atomspektroskopie CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 2005-03-06 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-6253 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Special new techniques of atomic spectrometric methods for trace analysis of high purity metals PY - 2003 SN - 0032-6895 SN - 1778-3771 VL - 91 IS - Décembre SP - 37 EP - 50, N° Hors Série CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-6188 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Application of different analytical methods for the multi-element ultra-trace dertermination in ultrahigh purity metals T2 - 14th Conference on Ultrahigh Purity Metals CY - Paris, France DA - 2007-07-02 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14947 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Homogenitätsprüfung und Analyse von reinem Kupfer mit Laserablation-ICP-Massenspektrometrie KW - Laserablation KW - Kupfer KW - Homogenität KW - ZRM PY - 2007 SN - 0026-0746 VL - 61 IS - 11 SP - 744 EP - 745 PB - Giesel Verlag GmbH CY - Isernhagen AN - OPUS4-16153 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Multielement-Spurenbestimmung in Reinstmetallen und in Reinstmedien der Miktroelektronik mit massenspektrometrischen Methoden T2 - 21. ICP-MS Anwendertreffen und 8. Symposium über Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2008-09-17 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17721 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienold, Julia A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Lange, Britta A1 - Giray, Thorsten A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Elemental analysis of copper and magnesium alloy samples using IR-laser ablation in comparison with spark and glow discharge methods N2 - Three methods for direct solid sampling of bulk material namely IR laser ablation, glow discharge and spark OES, were compared with respect to analytical figures of merit obtained for elemental analysis with atomic spectrometry. Matrices investigated were copper, pressed doped copper powder, and magnesium alloys. For the vast majority of analytes, statistical equivalence regarding precision (usually ≤ 5%) and the performance of the calibrations between the compared methods was demonstrated. KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - GD-MS KW - Spark-OES KW - LA-ICP-OES KW - Copper KW - Magnesium PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b903251g SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 24 SP - 1570 EP - 1574 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-20257 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hommel, C. A1 - Hassler, J. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Vogt, T. A1 - Detcheva, A. K. A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - A fast and robust direct solid sampling method for the determination of 27 trace, main and minor elements in soda-lime glass based on ETV-ICP OES and using a gaseous halogenating modifier N2 - A method, based on electrothermal vaporization (ETV) coupled to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), has been optimized for direct solid sampling analysis of soda-lime glass - the most common type of industrially manufactured glass. This method allows fast and reliable quantification of the main elements - Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, and Si - and trace elements - As, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, (P), Pb, Sb, (Se), Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr. In the presented ETV-ICP OES method, calibration is performed predominantly with matrix-free synthetic samples. This metrological advantage is normally not achieved with direct solid sampling methods and is one of the goals of the present study. In a certification interlaboratory comparison for the soda-lime glass CRM BAM-S005c, 2 out of 16 laboratories employed the ETV-ICP OES method. An improved analytical performance was obtained compared with the results of laboratories that used conventional liquid ICP OES. For both methods, the average relative deviations between the laboratory results and certified values as well as the average values of relative standard deviation were with a few exceptions <10%, in most cases even <5%, which indicated high trueness and precision. KW - ICP-OES KW - ETV KW - Soda-lime glass KW - Reference material PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ja00081k SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 36 IS - 8 SP - 1683 EP - 1693 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-53181 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Kuxenko, Sandra A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim T1 - Certification of high purity metals as primary reference materials - a challenge for multielement trace analysis N2 - The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) (BAM) is establishing a system of primary reference materials to meet the demands for metrological traceability and to act as national standards in the field of elemental analysis. For all elements of the periodic table - except those that are gases or radioactive - two different kinds of reference materials are being certified. One is for analyte calibration (Type A) and one for problems concerning matrix matching (Type B). These substances are of very high purity and of defined stoichiometry. As far as possible, pure elements and metals rather than pure compounds are used. The certification of both types of material requires most elements of the periodic table to be certified at very low levels using trace element analysis methods. The application of these methods is described and examples of the certification of copper and iron are given. KW - Elementspurenanalytik KW - Primäre Referenzmaterialien PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-396X(200201)189:1%3C107::AID-PSSA107%3E3.0.CO;2-1 SN - 1862-6300 SN - 0031-8965 N1 - Geburtsname von Kuxenko, Sandra: Pattberg, S. - Birth name of Kuxenko, Sandra: Pattberg, S. VL - 189 IS - 1 SP - 107 EP - 122 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - On the way to SI traceable primary transfer standards for amount of substance measurements in inorganic chemical analysis N2 - During its 25 years of existence, the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM IAWG) has achieved much in establishing comparability of measurement results. Impressive work has been done on comparison exercises related to real-world problems in fields such as ecology, food, or health. In more recent attempts, measurements and comparisons were focused on calibration solutions which are the basis of most inorganic chemical measurements. This contribution deals with the question of how to achieve full and transparent SI traceability for the values carried by such solutions. Within this framework, the use of classical primary methods (CPMs) is compared to the use of a primary difference method (PDM). PDM is a method with a dual character, namely a metrological method with a primary character, based on the bundling of many measurement methods for individual impurities, which lead to materials with certified content of the main component. As in classical methods, where small corrections for interferences are accepted, in PDM, many small corrections are bundled. In contrast to classical methods, the PDM is universally applicable to all elements in principle. Both approaches can be used to certify the purity (expressed as mass fraction of the main element) of a high-purity material. This is where the metrological need of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) for analytical methods meet the challenges of analytical methods. In terms of methods, glow discharge mass spectrometry (GMDS) with sufficient uncertainties for sufficiently small impurity contents is particularly noteworthy for the certification of primary transfer standards (PTS), and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), which particularly benefits from PTS (back-spikes) with small uncertainties, is particularly noteworthy for the application. The corresponding relative uncertainty which can be achieved using the PDM is very low (< 10−4). Acting as PTS, they represent the link between the material aspect of the primary calibration solutions and the immaterial world of the International System of Units (SI). The underlying concepts are discussed, the current status of implementation is summarised, and a roadmap of the necessary future activities in inorganic analytical chemistry is sketched. It has to be noted that smaller measurement uncertainties of the purity of high-purity materials not only have a positive effect on chemical measurements, but also trigger new developments and findings in other disciplines such as thermometry or materials science. KW - Inorganic chemical analysis KW - Primary transfer standards (PTSs) KW - Traceability KW - Classical primary measurement method (CPM) KW - Primary difference measurement method (PDM) KW - Metrology in chemistry PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572743 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04660-4 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 415 SP - 3057 EP - 3071 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-57274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - The System of Primary Pure Metals Establisted at BAM - Recent Developments T2 - The 9th International Conference on Ultra-High-Purity Base Metals CY - Sendai, Japan DA - 2002-10-13 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-2937 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassler, J. A1 - Barth, P. A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Determination of trace elements in high-purity copper by ETV-ICP OES using halocarbons as chemical modifiers N2 - Inspired by the globule arc technique a new electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES) method was developed for the analysis of high-purity copper materials. The performance of the method was investigated for the analytes Ag, Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Te, Ti, Zn and Zr. ETV parameters were optimized regarding the release of the analytes, the transport efficiency and the quality of analytical results in terms of precision, trueness and power of detection. The influence of CCl2F2, CHClF2, C2H2F4 and CHF3 as gaseous halogenation modifiers was investigated. A sufficient in situ analyte matrix separation was achieved by using CHF3 as halogenating reagent avoiding a high matrix input from the molten copper sample into the ETV system and the plasma. A complete release from the samples was obtained for all investigated analytes except Se and Te. Acceptable results for the determination of the trace elements Ag, Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Ti, Zn and Zr in high-purity copper were achieved. The method includes a preceding sample preparation step of oxidizing the surface of copper samples which results in a significantly enhanced sensitivity. In addition to the calibration with copper samples, the feasibility of the calibration with liquid multi-element solutions was investigated. Except for Ag, Mg and Ni all analytes could be analyzed using aqueous calibration solutions. The trueness of the method was tested by the determination of analyte contents of certified reference materials. Limits of quantification ranging from 0.6 ng g-1 to 29 ng g-1 were achieved. The developed direct solid sampling method is time and cost effective and well suited for the characterization of high-purity copper materials. The method can be automated to a large extent and is applicable for processes accompanying analyses. In contrast to all other investigated trace elements, Se and Te were not released from the matrix at measurable levels under the used conditions. The determination of these elements is still under investigation and will be reported in a succeeding publication. KW - ETV KW - Copper KW - Impurities PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ja10149h SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 26 IS - 12 SP - 2404 EP - 2418 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-29615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, T. A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Determination of the total purity of a high-purity silver material to be used as a primary standard for element determination N2 - A candidate material for the use as primary standard for silver determination was characterized with respect to total purity. Except the radioactive elements and He, all possible impurities were considered. Based on glow discharge mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and carrier gas hot extraction measurements, the demonstrated total purity and its standard uncertainty is w(Ag) = (99.999 52 ± 0.000 11) %. The purity value and its uncertainty is dominated by the contributions from the measurements of the nonmetallic impurities, namely S, N, C and O. KW - Silver KW - Purity KW - Total purity KW - Primary standard KW - Element determination PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-013-0988-5 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 341 EP - 349 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-28971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -