TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Berkei, I. T1 - Modifizierte Glasklebstoffe für die Restaurierung von Glasmalereien T2 - Europäische Messe für Denkmalpflege, Restaurierung und Altbausanierung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2008-11-20 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18384 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Reimann, Mandy T1 - Mobile anodization for the conservation of damaged architectural aluminium elements N2 - Initial situation: Aluminum is an often-used building material in modern architecture, not only for construction but as well for facades and decorative elements. In the 1950th and 1960th, after World War II, many buildings in Germany were constructed with aluminum or contain elements of colored anodized aluminum. In the last years a larger number of these buildings are increasingly in the sight of conservation works including the aluminum parts such as window frames or facade coverings. Damaged Aluminum Surfaces: Common damages are a change of color or gloss changes through weathering processes, drill holes or marks due to later modifications, scratches in the anodized layer due to extensive wear e.g. at handrails or door handles. To repair damaged aluminum surfaces, there are usually two options: smaller damaged areas are repaired by using a touch-up pen. In case of larger damages, the complete re-anodization is necessary. This includes to de-anodize the surface with cleaning and grinding the whole aluminum object. Both possibilities are disadvantageous for the objects. The touch-up pen often does not match the color of the original surface together with an insufficient corrosion protection for outdoors. While the newly anodized surface differs in color and gloss from the originally applied color. Research Approach: The whole procedure contrasts with the principal approach in conservation which aims to intervene as less as possible, in case of the conservation of an object. To fulfill this approach in a more appropriate way the research project focuses on a mobile and partial application for colored, anodized aluminum parts. To anodize aluminum the application of an electrolyte onto the surface together with sufficient voltage and current is necessary. Generally diluted sulfuric acid is used as electrolyte. Different possibilities are examined to enable the mobile application of the electrolyte, e. g. the application by producing a gel matrix or like in electroplating by pen or brush wrapped with a fleece fabric. Experimental part: First experiments are conducted to examine the structure of the anodized layer in relation with proper cleaning, anodization time with applied voltage and current and the coloring process. The aim was to reduce the preparation procedure and the anodization time as much as possible to facilitate the mobile application. Examinations with Keyence microscope, Eddy current testing and REM are performed to characterize the layers. The results are shown in table 1. A clear connection between proper cleaning, anodization time, voltage and amperage and the achieved thickness of the anodized layer is significant. Cracks in the layer show that raising the voltage and amperage results in thicker layers but as well in a crumbled and less stable anodized surface. Gel preparation: In addition to the anodization process with a liquid e.g. sulfuric acid a gel application is tested to prevent the electrolyte from rinsing down during the mobile application. For this purpose, several gel-forming agents are tested together with their stability in acid systems. It was observed, that the consistency of the gels varies dependent of the time. Conductivity: The conductivity of sulfuric acid combined with different gel-systems was measured and compared in order to predict the possible growth of layers during anodic oxidation process. Further steps: Determination and optimization of application parameters like voltage, amperage and anodization-time to build up a preferably stable and sufficient thick anodized layer. Examination of gel preparation to guarantee a stable product, enforcing with textile tape for easy application. T2 - Architectural Aluminum in the 21st Century CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 24.03.2018 KW - Aluminum KW - Anodization KW - Historic buildings KW - Mobile application PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael T1 - Long Term Corrosion Protection- a Contradiction in Terms? T2 - Metal 2013 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland DA - 2013-09-16 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29858 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael T1 - Long term corrosion protection - A contradiction in terms? A comparative study of modern and traditional anticorrosion systems N2 - A comparative study tested the performance of modern anti-corrosion Systems against that of traditional red lead Systems. One aim of the research project was to find alternatives for the use of a red lead priming coat, the Standard anti-corrosive primer for iron and Steel in the past but a material which endangers health as well as environment. The investigation aimed to determine whether anti-corrosion Systems developed for industrial use were suitable for the Conservation of historic iron and cast iron objects. Besides coatings containing red lead, several surface tolerant coatings with different anti-corrosion pigments were examined. The modern anti-corrosion Systems examined were suitable for surfaces where Optimum surface preparation is not practical. They were applied to both historical samples and to newly prepared model samples. After uniform pre-corrosion, the model samples were coated and underwent two different ageing procedures: accelerated ageing in a climate chamber and outdoor weathering on a test site with moderate city climate. The specimens were exposed for more than two and a half years. Evaluation of the artificially aged samples was carried out under the aspect coating degradation, tensile strength test, cross-hatch test and Fourier-transform infrared microscope. The results of the research with optical evaluation and test procedures will be presented. The two ageing methods will be discussed, with different results from the naturally and artificially aged samples. The results Show a similar eligibility of modern anti-corrosion Systems as compared with red lead Systems for the use in Conservation. T2 - Metal 2013 - ICOM-CC Interim Meeting of the Metal Working Group CY - Edinburgh, Scotland DA - 16.09.2013 KW - Comparative study KW - Anti-corrosion systems KW - Red lead coating KW - Metal Restaurierung KW - Anti-korrosions Beschichtungssysteme KW - Bleimennige-Überzüge KW - Vergleichende Studie PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-84917-142-7 SP - 79 EP - 86 AN - OPUS4-32552 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Sabel, Martin A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Reimann, M. A1 - Haber, G. A1 - Baldauf, T. T1 - Korrosionsschutz für farbig gefasste Eisen- und Gusseisenobjekte T2 - Farbig gefasstes Metall, Herstellung - Schäden - Restaurierung CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 2010-09-30 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22791 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Sabel, Martin T1 - Korrosionsschutz für farbig gefasste Eisen - und Gusseisenobjekte T2 - 45. Treffen der ARGE Korrosion/Restaurierung der GfKORR CY - Bochum, Germany DA - 2011-11-14 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Unger, Brita T1 - Historische und moderne Goldmosaike im Vergleich KW - Historische und moderne Goldmosaike KW - Aufbau KW - Besonderheiten KW - Herstellungstechnik KW - Glaszusammensetzung KW - EDX-Analyse KW - Viskositäts-Temperatur-Verhalten KW - Ausdehnungskoeffizient PY - 2010 SN - 0947-6229 IS - 3 SP - 184 EP - 185 PB - Dt. Bergbau-Museum CY - Bochum AN - OPUS4-22707 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Unger, Brita T1 - Historische und moderne Goldmosaike im Vergleich T2 - Poster für die Archäometrie-Tagung CY - Bochum, Germany DA - 2010-09-15 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22793 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Unger, Brita A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Historische Goldmosaike - Herstellungstechnologie und charakteristische Schadensbilder T2 - Konservierungswissenschaft im Dialog - Vortragsreihe des Rathgen-Forschungslabor CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-04-30 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28790 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael T1 - Historic Gold Mosaics: Composition and Deterioration T2 - IIC Congress, The Decorative: Conservation and the Applied Arts CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2012-09-10 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-28196 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael T1 - Historic gold mosaics: composition and deterioration KW - Gold mosaics KW - Composition KW - Deterioration KW - Damage mechanism KW - Sample analysis with SEM KW - Database of gold mosaics PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-907975-77-6 SN - 0039-3630 SN - 2047-0584 VL - 57 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - S372 EP - S373 PB - Maney Publishing AN - OPUS4-26964 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Unger, Brita A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Sabel, Martin A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Gold mosaics - material composites and glass-chemical characteristics N2 - In this study gold mosaics front the past 130 years are reviewed and analysed. Characteristic glass properties and technological specifics are observed and provide important Information on the production process. The insights gained are used for replicas with improved glass properties. T2 - GLASSAC 11 - 3rd GLASSAC Conference 'Glass science in art and conservation' CY - Wertheim, Bronnbach Monastery, Germany DA - 01.05.2011 KW - Erfassung von Goldmosaiken der letzten 130 Jahre mit Aufbau einer Datenbank KW - Herstellungstechnik und Besonderheiten KW - Schichtaufbau mit Glaszusammensetzung und EDX-analysen KW - Glas-chemische Charakteristika verschiedener Goldmosaiktypen KW - Reproduktion PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-8396-0255-3 SP - 51 EP - 54 PB - Fraunhofer Verlag AN - OPUS4-23842 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina T1 - Gold mosaics - material composites and glass-chemical characteristics T2 - GLASSAC 11 - Tagung vom Frauenhofer ISC CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 2011-05-10 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24275 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Berkei, I. T1 - Glasklebstoffe und deren Modifizierung in der Restaurierung T2 - Europäische Messe für Denkmalpflege, Restaurierung und Altbausanierung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2008-11-20 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18385 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Sabel, Martin A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Unger, Brita ED - Meeks, N. ED - Cartwright, C. ED - Meek, A. ED - Mongiatti, A. T1 - ESEM-EDX analyses for the characterisation and reproduction of nineteenth-century gold tesserae N2 - Environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (ESEM-EDX) is a versatile working tool for the examination of gold tesserae as well as for the selection of suitable materials for their reproduction. In this paper, the ESEM-EDX analyses of original gold tesserae and their damage types are presented. These analytical results form the basis for further calculations of glass properties and experiments. These calculated values enable the determination of the relevant glass properties and allow us to choose the appropriate type of modern glass for further experiments. Subsequent experiments convert this knowledge into practice. By comparing the analytical results from the original glasses and the replicas the accuracy and precision will be shown. KW - Gold mosaics KW - Tesserae KW - ESEM-EDX KW - Glass analyses KW - Damage mechanism PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-904982-65-4 SP - 107 EP - 113 PB - Archetype publications Ltd. AN - OPUS4-27641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina T1 - Das Glasgemälde einer Strahlenkranzmadonna aus der Berliner Nikolaikirche - Materialtechnische Untersuchungen und Restaurierung T2 - Kolloquium: Stadt - Museum - Sammlung, Neue Forschung zur Sammlung alter Kunst des Stadtmuseums Berlin, Märkisches Museum CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-05-31 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17682 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Reimann, M. T1 - Conservation of damaged architectural aluminum elements N2 - Aluminum is an often-used building material in modern architecture. In recent years buildings from the 1950th and 1960th are increasingly subject of conservation works including the aluminum parts. Typical surface damages are signs of corrosion caused by weathering processes or scratches in the anodized layer due to extensive wear. To repair damaged aluminum surfaces, there are usually two options: smaller areas are repaired by using a touch-up pen, for larger damages it is necessary to remove the anodized layer completely. Both possibilities are disadvantageous for the objects; the touch-up pen often does not match the color together with an insufficient corrosion protection, while newly anodized layers often differ in color and gloss from the original surface. For this reason, a research project was initiated to develop a mobile method to repair anodized aluminum parts. The first step focusses on the mobile anodization process by using the electrolyte with a gel substrate. Different cathodic materials are to be tested together with appropriate cooling material. The anodized area should be isolated to protect undamaged areas. Examinations of the produced layers are conducted by using Keyence microscope, eddy current testing and ESEM analysis. Further steps are to transform the coloring and sealing process for mobile application. Color could be applied by using a brush or by spray while the sealing process could be performed with water vapor. An heatable putty knife could be used, if heating up the area will be necessary. Once the application process is developed, the anodization will be tested on samples with artificial damages, fixed in horizontal and vertical positions. The stability of the anodized surface will be examined by accelerated ageing in a climate chamber and outdoor weathering. The electrolyte (diluted sulfuric acid) was combined with a gel binder to enable a mobile application. Several thickening agents were tested concerning their conductivity and stability in acid systems. Anodization tests with different cathodic material and shapes were conducted. The temperature during anodization was controlled and adjusted if necessary. The anodized area was restricted by using either a lacquer, an adhesive or a removable silicon barrier. The fist results show the feasibility of the method on enclosed areas. The achieved thickness was measured by eddy current testing and the structure was controlled by ESEM analysis. The examinations show a connection between thickness and porosity of the anodized layers and the temperature during the application process. Next steps are testing mobile coloring and sealing methods followed by mobile anodization on artificial damaged areas. T2 - Metal 2019 CY - Neuchâtel, Switzerland DA - 02.09.2019 KW - Mobile anodisation KW - Aluminium KW - Conservation KW - Damage repair PY - 2020 UR - https://www.lulu.com/shop/claudia-chemello-and-laura-brambilla-and-edith-joseph/metal-2019-proceedings-of-the-interim-meeting-of-the-icom-cc-metals-working-group-september-2-6-2019-neuch%C3%A2tel-switzerland-ebook/ebook/product-24517161.html AN - OPUS4-51479 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Bücker, Michael T1 - Colored Glass Adhesives for the Restoration of Stained Glass Windows T2 - Internationale Tagung "Forum for the Conservation and Restoration of Stained Glass Windows" CY - New York City, NY, USA DA - 2009-06-01 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19984 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Reimann, M. A1 - Haber, G. A1 - Baldauf, T. T1 - Anti Corrosion Systems for Iron and Cast Iron Objects T2 - Internationales Kolloquium: Archeological Iron Conservation CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2010-06-24 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22260 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Torge, Manfred T1 - Adhesives for Stained Glass Windows - Development of a New System for Wide Cracks T2 - CCI Symposium 2011: Adhesives and Consolidants for Conservation CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 2011-10-17 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25665 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Bücker, Michael T1 - Adhesives for stained glass windows - development of a new system for wide cracks N2 - To improve the adhesives used for restoring stained glass windows, various adhesives were tested and modified. Stained glass windows often show gaps that are too wide to be glued with conventional adhesives, and complementing the gap with spare glass is very time-consuming. To solve this problem, a filler with improved adhesive strength was developed to bridge wider gaps and cracks. The new filler combines glass adhesives with specially treated glass powder. Three different glass adhesives were selected and mixed with the specially treated glass powder. The adhesive – glass powder mixture developed was then subjected to accelerated aging and analysed with Fourier transform infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, colourimetry, and bending and tensile tests. The results were excellent and the mixture was subsequently used to restore glass windows from four 19th-century churches and chapels. The restoration process was described in conjunction with the advantages of using this approach. This new adhesive – glass powder mixture provides an adhesive process that can be adapted to the special needs of any object being restored and thus provides a ready answer to the specific damage of each object. T2 - CCI Symposium 2011 - Adhesives and consolidants for conservation: research and applications CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 17.10.2011 KW - Adhesives KW - Stained glass windows KW - Conservation KW - Restoration KW - New adhesive for wide cracks PY - 2011 UR - http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/symposium/2011/Paper%2034%20-%20Raedel%20et%20al.%20-%20English.pdf SP - 1 EP - 21 AN - OPUS4-25549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -