TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Frederik A1 - Löhnert, Andrea A1 - Knaust, Christian A1 - Thöns, Sebastian T1 - Numerical quantification of fire smoke toxicity in tunnels N2 - Vehicle fires in tunnels can have catastrophic consequences for the road users, the property and traffic inffastructure. To support an evacuation planning, this study simulates the fire smoke toxicity and the smoke layer of a vehicle fire in a full-size test tunnel. The three dimensional prediction of the fire smoke toxicity in the test tunnel is realized by implementing the Fractional Effective Dose and the Fractional Summation concept in a CFD environment. The developed model facilitates to calculate fire scenarios for various types of tunnels and to quantify the hazard e.g. during an evacuation scenario. T2 - ISAVFT 15 - 15th International symposium on aerodynamics, ventilation and fire in tunnels CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 18.09.2013 KW - Toxicity KW - Fire KW - Smoke KW - Tunnel KW - FED KW - Fractional effective dose PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-85598-137-9 SP - 203 EP - 215 AN - OPUS4-29719 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Rabe, Frederik A1 - Gnutzmann, Tanja A1 - Kaudelka, Sven T1 - Einfluss moderner Materialien auf die Rauchentwicklung bei Wohnungsbränden N2 - Bei einzelnen Objekten, die unter Laborbedingungen verbrennen, konnte schon seit längerer Zeit ein großer Unterschied zwischen älteren und neuen Möbeln hinsichtlich der Entflammbarkeit und der Rauchentwicklung sowie der Rauchgaszusammensetzung festgestellt werden [1, 2]. In einer Serie von Großversuchen im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten Forschungsvorhabens TIBRO wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit der Feuerwehr Frankfurt in vier Großversuchen die Brand- und Rauchentwicklung in einem Wohnzimmer und einem angrenzenden Zimmer untersucht. Es wurden ältere Möbel und moderne Möbel sowie unterschiedliche Belüftungsbedingungen untersucht. Alle vier Brände gingen von einem Sessel aus, der mit einem Papierkissen entzündet wurde. Es wurden jeweils im Brandraum und im Nachbarraum Temperaturen gemessen sowie die zeitlich veränderliche Rauchgaszusammensetzung in zwei unterschiedlichen Raumhöhen in der Zimmermitte des Nachbarraums bestimmt [3]. Der Einfluss der in der Wohnung vorhandenen Materialien sowie der Einfluss der Belüftung auf die Brandentwicklung wurden untersucht. Sowohl die Art der Materialien als auch die Belüftung beeinflussen die Brandentwicklung signifikant. Statistiken und die Erfahrung der Feuerwehren zeigen, dass für Personen, die sich im Brandentstehungsraum befinden, die Hilfe der Feuerwehr in den meisten Fällen zu spät kommt. Für den Nachbarraum können anhand der Großversuche Abschätzungen über den Zeitgewinn für Personen, die sich dort befinden, abgeleitet werden. T2 - 63. vfdb Jahresfachtagung 2016 CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 8.05.2016 KW - Rauchentwicklung KW - Brand KW - Wohnung KW - Materialien PY - 2016 VL - 2016 SP - 253 EP - 266 PB - vfdb, Vereinigung zur Förderung des deutschen Brandschutzes CY - Altenberge AN - OPUS4-36021 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Frederik T1 - Experimental and numerical investigation of enclosure fires - Application to room fires and Intermediate scale tests T2 - Fire Safety Day 2014 CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 2014-06-12 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30873 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Kaudelka, Sven A1 - Gnutzmann, Tanja A1 - Rabe, Frederik A1 - Klippel, A. T1 - Influence of modern furniture on the fire development in fires in homes N2 - About 80 % of all fire fatalities in Germany occur in fires in homes1. UK statistics show that living and bed room fires are more often responsible for fatalities than kitchen fires although kitchen fires occur much more often2. It has been known for some time that modern materials tend to burn differently from older materials and it has been acknowledged that the amount of combustible plastics in homes has increased significantly over the last decades3-7. To investigate the influence of modern furniture and ventilation conditions of fires in homes a series of four large scale tests in two living rooms with adjacent rooms was performed by BAM and the Frankfurt fire service8. Two living rooms, one with older furniture and one with modern furniture were tested twice each. Each test started with the ignition of a paper cushion on an upholstered chair. The influence of modern materials on the fire development was investigated as well as the influence of the ventilation on the fire development. Two tests with closed windows and two tests with open windows were performed. Temperatures were measured in the living rooms and the adjacent rooms, gas compositions were measured in the adjacent rooms and videos were taken in all rooms. The ventilation as well as the different materials influenced the fire development regarding temperatures in the rooms and smoke production and composition significantly. The fire in the living room with modern furniture developed faster than the same setting with older furniture. More ventilation (open window) led to higher temperatures in the rooms and faster fire development as well. Smoke gas composition was measured in the adjacent rooms to assess the positive effect for a person being in the adjacent room and not in the room of fire origin. In all settings an upholstered chair was the first burning item. The modern upholstered chair was investigated in three pre-experiments under different conditions to enhance the understanding of the living room fires. The measured mass losses and derived mass loss rates have been used for numerical modelling of the pre-experiments. T2 - Fire and Materials Konferenz CY - San Francisco, USA DA - 06.02.2017 KW - Furniture KW - Fire KW - Large scale PY - 2017 SP - 280 EP - 294 PB - Interscience AN - OPUS4-42925 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Frederik T1 - Vergleich von Computional Fluid Dynamics-Programmen in der Anwendung auf Brandszenarien in Gebäuden T2 - Workshop Brandschutzforschung CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 2010-10-04 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-23034 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Frederik T1 - Numerische Berechnung von Bränden in Tunneln mit CFD - Toxizität und Lichtschwächung von Brandrauch - T2 - 127. Versammlung der GDNÄ CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 2012-09-14 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26694 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Frederik T1 - Numerical quantification of fire smoke toxicity in tunnels T2 - 15th international Symposium on Aerodynamics, Ventilation and Fire in Tunnels CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 2013-09-18 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29723 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krause, U. A1 - Rabe, Frederik A1 - Knaust, Christian ED - Schmidt, J. T1 - Modeling fire scenarios and smoke migration in structures N2 - Mathematical modeling of physical phenomena is an attempt to create tools which can help • to predict relevant parameters of an event at its final stage, • to predict the course of a process with time, and • to quantify the influence of System parameters, boundary conditions, material properties and so forth on the process. Applied to fire modeling the aim is either to prevent the occurrence of fires or toprevent or at least mitigate their potentially harmful consequences or to be able to reconstruct the chain of events of a fire. The first two aims, of course, are far more frequently made use of than the last one. KW - Modeling fire scenarios KW - Field models KW - Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) KW - ANSYS CFX PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-527-33027-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527645725.ch10 IS - Chapter 10 SP - 159 EP - 177 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA AN - OPUS4-27738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Klippel, Andrea A1 - Gnutzmann, Tanja A1 - Kaudelka, Sven A1 - Rabe, Frederik T1 - Influence of modern plastic furniture on the fire development in fires in homes: large-scale fire tests in living rooms N2 - About 80% of all fire fatalities in Germany occur because of fires in homes. It has been known for some time that modern materials (synonym for materials consisting mostly of synthetic polymers) tend to burn differently from older materials (synonym for materials consisting mostly of fibrous cellulosic substances) and it has been acknowledged that the amount of combustible plastics in homes has increased significantly over the last decades. To investigate the influence of modern furniture and ventilation conditions of fires in homes, a series of four large-scale tests in two Living rooms (LRs) with adjacent rooms (ARs) was performed by BAM and the Frankfurt fire service. Two LRs, one with older furniture and one with modern furniture, were tested twice each. Each test started with the ignition of a paper cushion on an upholstered chair. The influence of modern materials on the fire development was investigated, as well as the influence of the ventilation on the fire development. In all settings, an upholstered chair was the first burning item. Results of the test series show that fires in rooms with modern furniture develop faster than fires in rooms with older furniture. This is true for temperature development in the rooms as well as for smoke production. KW - Room fire KW - Furniture KW - Modern KW - Gas analysis KW - Smoke PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527568 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2934 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 155 EP - 166 PB - Wiley CY - London AN - OPUS4-52756 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Frederik A1 - Kaudelka, Sven A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Monreal, Nils A1 - Dülsen, Steffen A1 - Kempel, Florian A1 - Mühlnikel, Rüdiger A1 - Klaffke, Benjamin ED - Abildgaard, L.-L. ED - Sörensen, J.G. ED - Dederichs, A. T1 - Experimental and numerical investigation of enclosure fires - Application to room fires and intermediate scale tests N2 - One of our research topics focus on fire in residential buildings because approximately 80% of all fire fatalities in Europe occur in residential building fires. The aim is to identify critical fire scenarios and to model these fire scenarios with experimental and numerical methods. We perform a wide ränge of reaction-to-fire tests and use different Software tools to simulate fires. Another field of research is fire-safety of escape and rescue routes, because in case of fire, smoke in staircases can be a serious problem. In 2005, 8 people died in Berlin during a staircase fire which was caused by arson. A stroller had been ignited and the resulting smoke filled the staircase quickly. The wooden staircase also was involved in the fire. Several inhabitants tried to leave their flats via the staircase and were trapped. T2 - FSD 2014 - Fire Safety Day CY - Lyngby/Kopenhagen, Denmark DA - 12.06.2014 KW - Äquivalente Branddauer KW - Numerische Simulation KW - Brandszenarien PY - 2014 SP - 49 EP - 50 AN - OPUS4-30901 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Frederik T1 - Numerical Calculation with CFD of Fire in Tunnels Toxicity and Light Extinction of Fire Smoke T2 - Fire Safety Day 2012 CY - Lund, Sweden DA - 2012-04-18 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25766 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -