TY - GEN A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Stephan, Ina ED - Lang, A. ED - Zimmer, J. T1 - Einführung in die biologische Wirksamkeitsprüfung von Bioziden im Materialschutz KW - Biozide KW - Materialschutz KW - Wirksamkeitsprüfung KW - Biocide KW - Material preservation KW - Efficiency test PY - 2015 SN - 9783861021940 SP - 48 EP - 50 PB - Deutsches Historisches Museum CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-35411 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Stephan, Ina T1 - Neuerungen im Holzschutz durch angepasste Normungsarbeit N2 - Aufgrund einer dem modernen Holzschutz angepassten Normungsarbeit ergaben sich in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Neuerungen. Diese betreffen sowohl die allgemeine Regelsetzung des Holzschutzes als auch spezielle Prüfstandards zur Wirksamkeitsbewertung von Holzschutzmitteln und -verfahren. KW - Normung KW - Holzschutz PY - 2011 SN - 0018-3881 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 50 EP - 51 PB - DRW-Verl. Weinbrenner CY - Leinfelden-Echterdingen AN - OPUS4-23358 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Biodeterioration-tests on wood/plastic composites N2 - The purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the possibilities for biodeterioration of wood/plastic composites (WPCs). It will introduce the European standards (EN) and technical specifications (TS) with which the durability of WPCs against microorganisms and termites can be tested. PY - 2008 SN - 0392-839X VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 20 EP - 22 PB - TeknoScienze CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-17678 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Askew, P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Grinda, Manfred A1 - Hertel, Horst A1 - Krumbein, W.E. A1 - Müller, R.-J. A1 - Pantke, Michael A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Schmitt, G. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin ED - Czichos, Horst ED - Saito, T. ED - Smith, L. T1 - Biogenic impact on materials N2 - Materials as constituents of products or components of technical systems rarely exist in isolation and many must cope with exposure in the natural world. This chapter describes methods that simulate how a material is influenced through contact with living systems such as microorganisms and arthropods. Both unwanted and desirable interactions are considered. This biogenic impact on materials is intimately associated with the environment to which the material is exposed (Materials-Environment Interaction, Chap. 15). Factors such as moisture, temperature and availability of food sources all have a significant influence on biological systems. Corrosion (Chap. 12) and wear (Chap. 13) can also be induced or enhanced in the presence of microorganisms. Section 14.1 introduces the categories between desired (biodegradation) and undesired (biodeterioration) biological effects on materials. It also introduces the role of biocides for the protection of materials. Section 14.2 describes the testing of wood as a building material especially against microorganisms and insects. Section 14.3 characterizes the test methodologies for two other groups of organic materials, namely polymers (Sect. 14.3.1) and paper and textiles (Sect. 14.3.2). Section 14.4 deals with the susceptibility of inorganic materials such as metals (Sect. 14.4.1), concrete (Sect. 14.4.2) and ceramics (Sect. 14.4.3) to biogenic impact. Section 14.5 treats the testing methodology concerned with the performance of coatings and coating materials. In many of these tests specific strains of organisms are employed. It is vital that these strains retain their ability to utilize/attack the substrate from which they were isolated, even when kept for many years in the laboratory. Section 14.6 therefore considers the importance of maintaining robust and representative test organisms that are as capable of utilizing a substrate as their counterparts in nature such that realistic predictions of performance can be made. KW - Materialschutz KW - Biologie KW - Organismus KW - Standard KW - Prüfung PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-642-16640-2 SP - 769 EP - 844 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-24210 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haustein, T. A1 - Busweiler, Sabine A1 - Haustein, V. A1 - von Laar, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Laboratory breeding of Korynetes caeruleus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) for the biological of Anobium punctatum) (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) N2 - Larvae and adults of Korynetes caeruleus (de Geer 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) were collected from old churches and reared in the laboratory on Anobium punctatum (de Geer 1774) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). Breeding success of K. caeruleus was low, but basic parameters of this species’ developmental cycle were identifi ed. At 21°C and 75% relative humidity and a fourmonth cold period at 4°C, the development of K. caeruleus from egg to adult appearance lasted 2 years. The pupal stage may be reached and completed after one and a half years. Feeding on larvae of A. punctatum by larvae of K. caeruleus was observed and consisted of a combination of sucking haemolymph and consuming body parts. The sickle-like mandibles of larvae of K. caeruleus penetrate the cuticle of prey larvae; this is followed by pumping and sucking body movements. Adult beetles of A. punctatum were not attacked by K. caeruleus larvae. Feeding behaviour of adult K. caeruleus was not investigated. KW - Cultural heritage KW - Coleoptera KW - Korynetes caeruleus KW - Cleridae KW - Ptinidae KW - Anobium punctatum KW - Biological pest control KW - Life history data KW - Laboratory breeding KW - Wood protection PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-494999 DO - https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2019.038 SN - 1802-8829 VL - 116 SP - 362 EP - 371 PB - České Budějovice AN - OPUS4-49499 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Nationale und internationale Normung - was ist wichtig, was ist neu N2 - Normativ ist der Holzschutz in Deutschland durch die DIN 68800-Reihe geregelt. Die Normungsarbeit in CEN/TC 38 bildet dafür den Rahmen, der national angepasst und fachspezifisch erweitert wurde. Zusammen mit dem Kommentar ergeben beide ein in Europa einzigartiges Regelkompendium im Holzschutz. In Zukunft wird die Regelsetzung noch stärker durch internationale Zusammenarbeit bestimmt sein. Der interkontinentalen Marktöffnung sollten Verständigungen auf gemeinsame Qualitätsstandards vorausgehen. T2 - Holzschutztagung Deutsche Bauchemie 2019 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 21.11.2019 KW - Normung KW - Europa KW - Holzschutz PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49724 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Landsberger, B. A1 - Frauendorf, H. A1 - Adler, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger ED - Nilsen, L. ED - Rossipal, M. T1 - Capability and Limitations of Anoxic Treatments for Protecting Museum Collections N2 - Without precaution, insects may cause serious damage to museum collections. Quarantine of potentially infested objects can be logistically challenging. Anoxia under controlled Nitrogen atmosphere is a most gentle but also time-consuming method to eradicate insect pests in all kinds of different materials. Treatment results are usually affected by duration, temperature, humidity and residual oxygen content. During a two-year research project, 34 relevant pest insect species of all developmental stages were tested in different materials (wood, paper, wool) to monitor treatment success and to determine optimum treatment parameters. Duration of treatment ranged from one to three weeks at temperatures of 20–27 °C. As expected, results showed significant differences in mortality among tested species. Highest tolerance of hypoxic conditions was found in elder larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus. Although this species is an unlikely museum pest, it may serve as an overall most tolerant reference. Anobiids and other wood boring beetles are more often an issue related to cultural heritage. A combination of three weeks exposure time at maximum 0.5% residual oxygen and 24 °C, alternatively 1% residual oxygen and 27 °C are recommended for infested artefacts. Imbedding materials in general had no influence on mortality. This study was funded by Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). T2 - 4th International Conference Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Cultural Heritage CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 21.05.2019 KW - Controlled atmosphere KW - Museum insect pest KW - Anoxia KW - Nitrogen PY - 2019 SN - 978-91-7209-845-9 SP - 202 EP - 210 AN - OPUS4-50349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Uninvited and Welcomed Guests in Museums – Biological management of clothes moths and woodworms N2 - In museums and historic houses clothes, moths (Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella) and the furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum) are the most economically important pests on textiles or wooden artifacts, respectively. Their management is essential to protect cultural ethnological heritage and natural history collections for future generations. Pest management strategies have changed over time. Today, intensive knowledge on pest biology and overall material science are key cornerstones in IPM concepts - also for the museum environment. The important first steps for sustainable pest management are risk assessment, early pest detection and identification of pathways of infestation. These steps are followed by physical and biological means of control, which have lately gained more importance than applying biocides. Several potentially effective biological enemies of clothes moths and woodworm have been known for a long time, but their promotion for pest control in museums and historic houses is just beginning. This short review summarizes current concepts of pest life cycle interruption by applying good quarantine and very specific biological measures. The lessons learned from recent faunistic surveys, life-history studies as well as behavioral observations of parasitoids and predators of clothes moths and woodworm may supplement the pest management tool box. The need for further research in this field is addressed. T2 - IOBC-WPRS CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 03.09.2019 KW - Biological Control KW - Museum Pests KW - Tineola bisselliella KW - Anobium punctatum KW - Apanteles carpatus KW - Baryscapus tineivorus KW - Corynetes caeruleus PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48901 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strub, Erik A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Urban, Klaus A1 - Jüngel, P. T1 - Determination of Cr(VI) in wood specimen: A XANES study at the Cr K edge N2 - The content of chromium in different oxidation states in chromium-treated wood was studied with XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) measurements at the Cr K absorption edge. It could be shown that wood samples treated with Cr(VI) (pine and beech) did still contain a measurable content of Cr(VI) after four weeks conditioning. If such wood samples were heat exposed for 2 h with 135 °C prior conditioning, Cr(VI) was no longer detected by XANES, indicating a complete reduction to chromium (III). KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - XANES KW - XAS KW - XRF KW - Specifikation KW - Reduction PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.011 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 266 IS - 10 SP - 2405 EP - 2407 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-17555 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strassert, J.F.H. A1 - Köhler, T. A1 - Wienemann, T. H. G. A1 - Ikeda-Ohtsubo, W. A1 - Faivre, N. A1 - Franckenberg, S. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Radek, R. A1 - Brune, A. T1 - 'Candidatus ancillula trichonymphae', a novel lineage of endosymbiotic actinobacteria in termite gut flagellates of the genus trichonympha N2 - Termite gut flagellates are colonized by host-specific lineages of ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic bacteria. Previous studies have shown that flagellates of the genus Trichonympha may harbour more than one type of symbiont. Using a comprehensive approach that combined cloning of SSU rRNA genes with fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopy, we investigated the phylogeny and subcellular locations of the symbionts in a variety of Trichonympha species from different termites. The flagellates in Trichonympha Cluster I were the only species associated with 'Endomicrobia', which were located in the posterior part of the cell, confirming previous results. Trichonympha species of Cluster II from the termite genus Incisitermes (family Kalotermitidae) lacked 'Endomicrobia' and were associated with endosymbiotic Actinobacteria, which is highly unusual. The endosymbionts, for which we suggest the name 'Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae', represent a novel, deep-branching lineage in the Micrococcineae that consists exclusively of clones from termite guts. They preferentially colonized the anterior part of the flagellate host and were highly abundant in all species of Trichonympha Cluster II except Trichonympha globulosa. Here, they were outnumbered by a Desulfovibrio species associated with the cytoplasmic lamellae at the anterior cell pole. Such symbionts are present in both Trichonympha clusters, but not in all species. Unlike the intracellular location reported for the Desulfovibrio symbionts of Trichonympha agilis (Cluster I), the Desulfovibrio symbionts of T. globulosa (Cluster II) were situated in deep invaginations of the plasma membrane that were clearly connected to the exterior of the host cell. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12012 SN - 1462-2912 SN - 1462-2920 VL - 14 IS - 12 SP - 3259 EP - 3270 PB - Blackwell Science CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-27566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger ED - Militz, H. T1 - Reaktion von Hausbockkäfern auf Bauholz unterschiedlicher Qualitäten im Labor und Freiland N2 - In Labor- und Feldversuchen wurde das Verhalten von männlichen und weiblichen Hausbockkäfern bei der Holzsuche beobachtet. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse zusammen mit bereits publizierten Daten erlauben es, einen Regelkreis der Paarungsbiologie einschließlich der Substratwahl (Neubefall) aufzustellen. Den Männchen kommt dabei eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Holzauswahl zu. Die Attraktivität von Nadelholz ist dabei von der Holzart aber auch von dessen Vorbehandlung wie Trocknungsprozessen abhängig. Eine herbeigeführte grundsätzliche Immunität durch reduzierte Attraktivität konnte bei keiner der getesteten Nadelholzarten bzw. -qualitäten festgestellt werden. T2 - Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2012 - Trends und Chancen CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 27.09.2012 KW - Holzschutz KW - Verhalten KW - Regelsetzung PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-95404-185-5 SP - 36 EP - 45 PB - Cuvillier AN - OPUS4-26687 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Stephan, Ina T1 - Umweltsimulation an der BAM – Grundlegende Ansätze mit Beispielen aus der natürlichen Umwelt N2 - Drei grundlegend verschiedene Ansätze für Umweltsimulation werden an Beispielen illustriert: (i) Ganzheitlicher Ansatz - Nachstellen von Umweltmilieus im Labor Ziel ist hier das Nachstellen von (kombinierten) Umweltbedingungen im Labor; die Umweltparameter werden mit all ihren Wechselwirkungen aufgebracht. Hauptnutzen ist eine gegenüber der natürlichen Beanspruchung erhöhte Reproduzierbarkeit der Umweltbedingungen. Hat man sein Laborsetup entwickelt, ist es auf verschiedene Materialien anwendbar. Unter solchen Laborbedingungen ermittelte Lebensdauern sind dabei nicht auf die typischerweise sehr variablen Real-Umweltbedingungen übertragbar. (ii) Parametrisierter Ansatz - Ermittlung einzelner Materialempfindlichkeiten Hierbei werden im Labor die Wirkungen separater Umweltparameter auf Materialien nachgestellt. Für eine solche Separation der Einflussfaktoren ist insbesondere die Aufschlüsselung möglicher Wechselwirkungen der Umwelt-parameter (z.B. Mikroklima an bestrahlten Oberflächen) erforderlich. Einzelne (meist Alterungs-) Empfindlichkeiten können qualitativ nachgewiesen werden oder sogar – als Beanspruchungs-Wirkungs-Funktionen – quantifiziert werden, was einen wesentlichen Schritt in Richtung der Digitalisierung der Material¬prüfung darstellt. Insbesondere ist dann auch eine Lebensdauer-vorhersage für vorgegebene Zeitreihen der Beanspruchungs¬parameter umsetzbar. (iii) Rückwirkungen auf die Umwelt Umweltbeanspruchungen können zur Freisetzung von Schadstoffen in die Umwelt führen. Durch die Nachstellung kritischer, aber realitätsnaher Einsatzszenarien kann die Menge an freigesetzten Substanzen abgeschätzt werden. Egal, welcher Ansatz verfolgt wird – ein Vergleich mit der oder einer Real-beanspruchung ist unerlässlich, ebenso wie die Messdatenaufzeichnung (data logging) aller potenziell relevanten Beanspruchungsparameter während dieser Realbeanspruchung. Obwohl die naturnahe Umwelt – sowohl in der BAM als auch bei der GUS – gegenüber der technischen Umwelt eher untergeordnet auftritt, werden zur Illustration Beispiele aus der naturnahen Umwelt verwendet. T2 - 50. Jahrestagung der GUS CY - Online meeting DA - 23.03.2022 KW - Umweltsimulation PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-9818507-7-2 SP - 79 EP - 89 AN - OPUS4-55015 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -