TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rosner, Martin A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - The need for new isotope reference materials N2 - Isotope reference materials are needed to calibrate and validate analytical procedures used for the determination of isotope amount ratios, procedurally defined isotope ratios or so-called δ values. In contrast to the huge analytical progress in isotope ratio analytics, the production of isotope reference materials has not kept pace with the increasing needs of isotope analysts. Three representative isotope systems are used to explain the technical and non-technical difficulties and drawbacks, on one hand, and to demonstrate what can be achieved at its best, on the other hand. A clear statement is given that new isotope reference materials are needed to obtain traceable and thus comparable data, which is essential for all kinds of isotope research. The range of available isotope reference materials and δ reference materials should be increased and matrix reference materials certified for isotope compositions or δ values, which do not exist yet, should be provided. KW - Isotope reference materials KW - Delta reference materials KW - Synthetic isotope mixtures KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Comparability KW - Traceability KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6605-3 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 405 IS - 9 SP - 2763 EP - 2770 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-28169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang ED - Vanhaecke, F. ED - Degryse, P. T1 - Reference materials in isotopic analysis N2 - The production of isotopic reference materials (IRMs), which started in the 1960s, has stagnated during the last 15 years. On the other hand, the need for IRMs increased strongly with upcoming ICP-MS techniques, especially with MC instruments, in the beginning of the millennium. In parallel, the precision of the isotope amount ratio determinations reached a level which is beyond that of IRMs certified relying on synthetic isotope mixtures. Additionally, the number of elements for which IRMs are required has increased. This difference between the users’ needs and the limitations of current IRMs can only be solved by providing IRMs defining a δ-scale for each element of interest. Such δ-RMs should be produced as solutions to avoid any complications with homogeneity issues. Whenever possible, isotope amount fractions should be provided additionally, even if the uncertainties are not sufficient for cutting-edge research on isotopic variations. Research should also focus on ways to provide isotope amount fractions with lower uncertainties. For the coming years, around 27 elements have been selected by user communities as "of interest” in this context. These elements are of interest to geo- and cosmochemists, and also to scientists working in the fields of human nutrition, human medicine, veterinary medicine, and food traceability. For 18 elements, such as Pb and U, IRMs or δ-RMs are available, provided as a solution or a solid material with sufficient homogeneity. Nevertheless, in some cases further materials are necessary, because the number of units is too small or the materials are too expensive to be widely accepted by users. At BAM, IRMs and δ-RMs will be produced according to the requirements mentioned above. NIST has also started a program to produce new RMs for δ-values. As discussed at the latest meeting of the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) in July 2009 in Vienna, these activities will be supported by IUPAC. KW - ICPMS KW - IRM KW - Reference materials KW - Delta reference materials PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-527-32896-3 SN - 978-3-527-65048-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527650484.ch6 SP - 139 EP - 163 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-26102 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -