TY - THES A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra T1 - Nitrogen uptake of saprotrophic basidiomycetes and bacteria N2 - Saprotrophe Basidiomyceten können unter aeroben Bedingungen Holz abbauen und wirtschaftliche Schäden verursachen. Die Stickstoffverfügbarkeit ist für diesen Abbau entscheidend, und diazotrophe Bakterien können durch Fixierung von atmosphärischem N2 Stickstoff auf Holz anreichern. Der gemeinsame Abbau durch Basidiomyceten und Diazotrophe könnte zu hohen Abbauraten führen, da N2-Fixierung große Mengen an ATP benötigt, welche durch Celluloseabbau regeneriert werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde diese Interaktion durch Messungen des Stickstoffanteils sowie der δ15N-Werte in der Biomasse untersucht. Außerdem wurde die Aktivität der Basidiomyceten unter Einfluss unterschiedlicher Stickstoffquellen bestimmt. Die Messungen des Stickstoffanteils in der Biomasse der Basidiomyceten Oligoporus placenta und Trametes versicolor bewiesen die Aufnahme organischen Stickstoffs, sogar wenn nur Spuren verfügbar waren. Darüber hinaus förderten Harnstoff und Ammoniumchlorid das Wachstum von T. versicolor. In Experimenten unter einer 15N2/O2-Atmosphäre wurde ermittelt, dass die diazotrophen Bakterien Azotobacter croococcum, Beijerinckia acida und Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens etwa 1– 13% ihres Stickstoffbedarfs durch N2-Fixierung decken. Wurden Diazotrophe und Basidiomyceten gemeinsam kultiviert,konnte nur von B. acida N2 fixiert und an beide Basidiomyceten übertragen werden. A. croococcum und N. nitrogenifigens wiesen keine Aktivität auf. Die Effekte der drei Stickstoffquellen, organischer Stickstoff im Medium, organischer Stickstoff in Splintholz sowie N2 aus der Luft, auf die Biomasse der Basidiomyceten wurden in Experimenten nach einem statistischen Versuchsplan bestimmt. Organischer Stickstoff als Medienbestandteil förderte das Wachstum beider Basidiomyceten signifikant. In zwei weiteren Versuchsreihen wurde die Stickstoffquelle im Medium durch das Bakterium B. acida ersetzt. Luftstickstoff begünstigte das Bakterienwachstum, so dass die Biomassen der Basidiomyceten gegenüber N2-freien Bedingungen verringert wurden. Das Vorhandensein von B. acida hatte einen geringfügig fördernden Effekt auf die Biomasse von T. versicolor aber keinen Effekt auf die Biomasse von O. placenta. Im Gegensatz zu den zuvor genannten Organismen kommen Hypholoma fasciculare und einige, teils isolierte und charakterisierte Proteobakterien gemeinsam in der Natur vor. Das Wachstum der Biomasse von H. fasciculare und von Proteobakterien wurde durch organischen Stickstoff, Harnstoff und Ammoniumchlorid gefördert. Die N2-Fixierung der Proteobakterien war zwar signifikant jedoch geringfügig, so dass sie mit Adsorption an Stelle von Nitrogenaseaktivität interpretiert wurde. Die Konkurrenz von H. fasciculare und Proteobakterien um die gleichen Stickstoffquellen wurde als wahrscheinlicher betrachtet als die Stickstoffanreicherung durch Diazotrophie. N2 - Saprotrophic basidiomycetes decompose wood in aerobic environments and can cause economic damage. The availability of nitrogen is determining for decomposition, and diazotrophic bacteria might enhance the nitrogen availability by fixation of atmospheric N2. Simultaneous decomposition by basidiomycetes and diazotrophs may intensify decomposition, because N2 fixation requires ATP, which could be provided during cellulose decomposition. In this study, the interaction was analysed by measurements of the nitrogen content and the δ15N values in biomass. Besides, the activity of basidiomycetes, influenced by different nitrogen sources, was determined. The analysis of the nitrogen content in biomass of Oligoporus placenta and Trametes versicolor proved the efficient uptake of organic nitrogen by wood-decomposing fungi even if only traces were available. In the presence of urea and ammonium chloride, the growth of T. versicolor was intensified. At cultivations in a 15N2/O2 atmosphere, the diazotrophic bacteria Azotobacter croococcum, Beijerinckia acida and Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens covered 1 to 13% of the nitrogen in their biomass by N2 fixation. If basidiomycetes and diazotrophs were co-cultivated, only B. acida fixed N2 and transferred it to both fungi. A. croococcum and N. nitrogenifigens did not coexist with the fungi. The effects of the nitrogen sources, i.e., organic nitrogen in the medium, organic nitrogen in sapwood and N2 from air, on the biomass of the mentioned basidiomycetes were determined in experiments according to full-factorial experimental plans. Organic nitrogen in the medium increased the growth of both basidiomycetes significantly. In additional experiments, the nitrogen source in the medium was replaced by an inoculum of B. acida. Then, atmospheric N2 supported the bacterial growth, which caused a significant decrease of basidiomycetal biomass compared to N2-free conditions. The presence of B. acida increased the biomass of T. versicolor to a low extent, but had no effect on the biomass of O. placenta. In contrast to the previously mentioned organisms, Hypholoma fasciculare and proteobacteria occur together in nature. In experiments, the growth of biomass of H. fasciculare and proteobacteria was supported by organic nitrogen, urea and ammonium chloride. The N2 fixation of the bacteria was significant but amounted to a low extent and was therefore explained by adsorption and not by nitrogenase activity. Competition between H. fasciculare and proteobacteria for the same nitrogen sources appeared more probable than N enrichment by diazotrophic activity. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 87 KW - Holz KW - Diazotrophe KW - Basidiomyceten KW - IRMS KW - 15N2 PY - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-716 SN - 978-3-9815134-2-4 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 87 SP - 1 EP - 98 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-71 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen sources of oligoporus placenta and trametes versicolor evaluated in a 2³ experimental plan N2 - Four full-factorial 2³ experimental plans were applied to evaluate the nitrogen (N) sources of Oligoporus placenta and Trametes versicolor and their interaction with the atmospheric N2-assimilating bacterium Beijerinckia acida. The effects of N from peptone, of sapwood and of N from gaseous N2 on fungal, bacterial and fungal–bacterial activity were investigated. The activities were determined by quantification of biomass, formation of CO2, consumption of O2 and laccase activity. The significance of each effect was tested according to t-test recommendation. The activity of both fungi was enhanced by peptone rather than sapwood or gaseous N2. Nevertheless, comparative studies under an N2-free gas mixture as well as under air revealed that the presence of N2 affected bacterial growth and bacterial–fungal cocultivations. Elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of the bacterial and fungal biomass enabled estimation of N transfer and underlined gaseous N2 as requisite for fungal–bacterial interactions. Combining full-factorial experimental plans with an analytical set-up comprising gas chromatography, IRMS and enzymatic activity allowed synergistic effects to be revealed, fungal N sources to be traced, and symbiotic fungal–bacterial interactions to be investigated. KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Diazotroph KW - Full-factorial experimental plan KW - Fungal–bacterial interaction KW - Nitrogen KW - Wood decomposition PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.002 SN - 1878-6146 SN - 1878-6162 VL - 116 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 89 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-25211 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen metabolism of wood decomposing basidiomycetes and their interaction with diazotrophs as revealed by IRMS T2 - Jahrestagung der Vereinigung für Allgemeine und Angewandte Mikrobiologie (VAAM) CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2011-04-03 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23543 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Naumann, Annette A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen uptake of hypholoma fasciculare and coexisting bacteria N2 - The white-rot fungus Hypholoma fasciculare coexists with a bacterial community that uses low-molecular weight carbon sources provided by fungal, extracellular enzyme activities. Since fungal development on wood is limited by the availability of nitrogen (N), bacteria could contribute to the N supply. To prove or disapprove an interaction in terms of N transfer, N sources of the fungus and the coexisting bacterial isolates were investigated, and the bacterial N2 fixation was quantified. Fungal, fungal—bacterial and bacterial wood decomposition was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass loss and surface pH. Microbial N preferences were investigated by elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In addition, diazotrophic activity was explored after cultivation under a 15N2/O2 atmosphere. Decomposition was similar with and without bacteria and both H. fasciculare and coexisting bacteria preferred reduced N species, such as urea, ammonium and organic N. In most of the bacteria, the 15N abundance in the biomass increased significantly but to a low extent if they were cultivated under a 15N2/O2 atmosphere. This effect is considered an artefact and attributed to adsorption rather than to bacterial N2 fixation activity. Hence, the bacteria coexisting with H. fasciculare rather competed for the same N sources than supported fungal N supply by diazotrophic activity. KW - Hypholoma fasciculare KW - Proteobacteria KW - Fungal-bacterial interaction KW - 15N2 fixation KW - FTIR-ATR spectroscopy KW - IRMS PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0834-x SN - 1617-416X SN - 1861-8952 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-28867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Tracking nitrogen metabolism of wood decaying basidiomycetes by EA-IRMS T2 - 9. Symposium Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse zusammen mit dem 22. ICPMS-Anwendertreffen, BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2010-09-06 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22006 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Exploring the nitrogen uptake of Trametes versicolor and Oligoporus placenta by EA-IRMS and stable isotope Iabelling T2 - Symposium Biotransformation by Fungal Cells or Fungal Enzymes CY - Senftenberg, Germany DA - 2010-09-30 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22007 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Exploring nitrogen sources of wood rotting basidiomycetes T2 - Jahrestagung der Vereinigung für allgemeine und angewandte Mikrobiologie (VAAM) CY - Hanover, Germany DA - 2010-03-28 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21111 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen metabolism of wood decomposing basidiomycetes and their interaction with diazotrophs as revealed by IRMS N2 - Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is an advanced method to investigate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in organic samples. In particular, the N content, its isotope signature and the C/N ratio reveal important facts of nutrient cycling, niche separation and ecological food webs. In this study, the characteristics of N turnover of wood decomposing microorganisms were investigated. The growth of the white rot causing basidiomycete Trametes versicolor is enhanced after addition of ammonia or urea, whereas the brown rot causing Oligoporus placenta is not accelerated. In addition, an interaction of each fungus with atmospheric N2 assimilating (diazotrophic) bacteria was investigated. Cultivation experiments with a gas mixture of 15N2/O2 and subsequent IRMS analysis of dry biomass of the diazotrophs Azotobacter croococcum, Beijerinckia acida and Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens revealed that they assimilated up to 12% of their N from N2. The experiments reflected N availability as a prerequisite for efficient growth of decomposing basidiomycetes and diazotrophs. Fungal–bacterial co-cultivation experiments showed that depending on the growth characteristics and bacterial N2 assimilation activity N is transferred from certain bacteria into fungal biomass. Thus, the experiments gave a first indication of an interaction between wood decomposing basidiomycetes and diazotrophs, which is a novel pathway of fungal N acquisition. KW - IRMS KW - Isotope labeling KW - Microbial interaction KW - N2 assimilation KW - Nitrogen KW - Wood decomposing basidiomycetes PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2010.12.011 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 307 IS - 1-3 SP - 225 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-23307 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen metabolism of wood decomposing basidiomycetes and their interaction with diazotrophs as revealed by IRMS T2 - Ecology of Soil Microorganisms - Koferenz der tschechischen Akademie der Wissenschaften CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23339 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -