TY - JOUR A1 - Aichner, Bernhard A1 - Bussian, B. A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra A1 - Hein, Sebastian T1 - Regionalized concentrations and fingerprints of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in german forest soils N2 - Samples of 474 forest stands in Germany were analysed for concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three sampling depths. Enhanced concentrations were mainly found at spots relatively close to densely industrialized and urbanized regions and at some topographically elevated areas. Average enrichment factors between mineral soil and humic layer depend on humus type i.e. decrease from mull via moder to mor. Based on their compound-patterns, the observed samples could be assigned to three main clusters. For some parts of our study area a uniform assignment of samples to clusters over larger regions could be identified. For instance, samples taken at vicinity to brown-coal strip-mining districts are characterized by high relative abundances of low-molecular-weight PAHs. These results suggest that PAHs are more likely originated from local and regional emitters rather than from long-range transport and that specific source-regions can be identified based on PAH fingerprints. KW - Organic pollutants KW - PAHs KW - Soil KW - Emissions KW - Long-range transport KW - Enrichment factor KW - Humic layer KW - Mineral soils KW - O-horizon PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.026 SN - 0269-7491 SN - 0013-9327 SN - 1873-6424 VL - 203 SP - 31 EP - 39 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - New York, NY [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-34792 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bussian, B. M. A1 - Pandelova, M. A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra A1 - Aichner, Bernhard A1 - Henkelmann, B. A1 - Schramm, K.-W. T1 - Persistent endosulfan sulfate is found with highest abundance among endosulfan I, II, and sulfate in german forest soils N2 - Endosulfan – an agricultural insecticide and banned by Stockholm Convention – is produced as a 2:1 to 7:3 mixture of isomers endosulfan I (ESI) and endosulfan II (ESII). Endosulfan is transformed under aerobic conditions into endosulfan sulfate (ESS). The study shows for 76 sampling locations in German forests that endosulfan is abundant in all samples with an opposite ratio between the ESI and ESII than the technical product, where the main metabolite ESS is found with even higher abundance. The ratio between ESI/ESII and ESS show clear dependence on the type of stands (coniferous vs. deciduous) and humus type and increases from deciduous via mixed to coniferous forest stands. The study argues for a systematic monitoring of ESI, ESII, and ESS and underlines the need for further research, specifically on the fate of endosulfan including biomagnifications and bioaccumulation in soil. KW - Endosulfan KW - Stockholm-Convention KW - Diffuse pollution KW - POPs KW - Soil monitoring KW - Forest soil PY - 2015 SN - 0269-7491 SN - 0013-9327 SN - 1873-6424 VL - 206 SP - 661 EP - 666 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-35304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bannert, Manfred A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Hildegard A1 - Horchler, Dieter A1 - Keese, Klaus A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra A1 - Lück, Detlef A1 - Pritzkow, Joachim A1 - Win, Tin T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 31, Sonderheft 2: Anforderungen an Probennahme, Probenvorbehandlung und chemische Untersuchungsmethoden auf Bundesliegenschaften N2 - Zur Umsetzung der Verwaltungsvereinbarung der OFD Hannover und der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) über "Anerkennung und Überwachung von Prüflaboratorien im Rahmen von Erkundung und Bewertung kontaminierter Flächen" (15. Sept. 1995) wurde eigens ein "Arbeitskreis Anerkennungsgrundlagen Altlasten" einberufen, dem neben der BAM und der OFD Hannover die am Verfahren beteiligten Akkreditierungsgesellschaften DACH, DAP und DASMIN, die Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), das Umweltbundesamt (UBA), die Landesgewerbeanstalt Bayern (LGA), der TÜV Hannover/Sachsen-Anhalt und der Verband Deutscher Umweltlaboratorien sowie vereidigte Sachverständige und private Prüflaboratorien angehörten. Aufgabe dieses Arbeitskreises war es, "Anforderungen an Untersuchungsmethoden zur Erkundung und Bewertung kontaminationsverdächtiger/kontaminierter Flächen und Standorte auf Bundesliegenschaften" als Grundlage der Kompetenzbestätigungsverfahren zu erarbeiten. Mit Stand Februar 1997 wurden diese veröffentlicht (OFD-H/BAM Anforderungskatalog 02/97), im Juni 1998 aktualisiert und auf der Umwelt-CO-ROM des Bundesministeriums für Raumordnung, Bau- und Wohnungswesen (BMBau) als Anhang 2.5 der "Arbeitshilfen Altlasten" bekanntgemacht. Mit dem Erlass des BMBau vom 07.11.1995 wurden alle Bau- und Vermögensabteilungen der Oberfinanzdirektionen angewiesen, Aufträge zur Untersuchung kontaminationsverdächtiger/kontaminierter Flächen (KVF/KF) nur noch an Unternehmen zu vergeben, die nach diesem Verfahren anerkannt sind. Die oben genannten Anforderungen wurden 1998 bei der Formulierung des Anhanges 1 ("Anforderungen an die Probennahme, Analytik und Qualitätssicherung bei der Untersuchung") der Bundes-Bodenschutz- und Altlastenverordnung (BBodSchV) berücksichtigt. Mit Inkraftsetzung des Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetzes (BBodSchG) am 17.03.1998 und der BBodSchV am 12.07.1999 liegen nunmehr bundeseinheitliche gesetzliche Regelungen vor, die bei Bodenuntersuchungen sowie bei der Bearbeitung von Verdachtsflächen anzuwenden sind. Da der Anhang 1 der BBodSchV aber nicht allein für den Zuständigkeitsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen (BMVBW) formuliert wurde, ergibt sich hier zur Vereinfachung und Vereinheitlichung des Vollzugs auf Liegenschaften des Bundes der Bedarf nach inhaltlichen Erläuterungen und Ergänzungen. Daher wurde gemeinsam von der BAM und der OFD Hannover im Rahmen der Neufassung ihrer "Verwaltungsvereinbarung zur Weiterentwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen für die Akkreditierung und Überwachung von Prüflaboratorien/lngenieurbüros im Rahmen der Erkundung kontaminationsverdächtiger/kontaminierter Flächen auf Bundesliegenschaften und zur Durchführung von Eignungsprüfungen in der chemischen Analytik" vom 17.05.2000 die nachfolgende Neufassung "Anforderungen an Probennahme, Probenvorbehandlung und chemische Untersuchungsmethoden auf Bundesliegenschaften" erarbeitet. Diese ersetzt die Versionen vom Februar 1997 und Juni 1998. Voraussetzung für die Durchführung von Untersuchungen auf Bundesliegenschaften ist eine Akkreditierung auf der Grundlage dieser Anforderungen. In der BBodSchV sind eine Reihe internationaler Normentwürfe aufgeführt, die nicht in jedem Fall im Detail dem aktuellen Diskussions- und Kenntnisstand entsprechen. In den überarbeiteten Anforderungen werden mit Hilfe von Hinweisen und Ergänzungen Präzisierungen vorgenommen und der aktuelle Stand dokumentiert. Vom Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) wurde gemäß Anhang 1 BBodSchV ein Fachbeirat "Verfahren und Methoden für Bodenuntersuchungen (FBU)" eingerichtet, dem auch Mitarbeiter der BAM und der OFD Hannover angehören. Eine zentrale Aufgabe dieses Fachbeirates ist die Zusammenstellung und Bekanntgabe aktueller Methoden und Verfahren. Diese durch das Umweltbundesamt (UBA) vorgesehenen Veröffentlichungen sind zu beachten. Da die wesentlichen Anforderungen im Anhang 1 der BBodSchV enthalten sind, wurde zur Verbesserung der Übersichtlichkeit der Verordnungstext im folgenden wörtlich übernommen. Er ist durch Kursivdruck hervorgehoben. Teil 6 der vorliegenden Anforderungen ist in Abweichung von der BBodSchV zunächst in Normen und anschließend in Technische Regeln und sonstige Methoden gegliedert. T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - SH 2/2001 PY - 2001 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549344 SN - 3-89701-701-6 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 31 IS - Sonderheft 2 SP - 1 EP - 42 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-54934 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra T1 - Human influences on forest soil - pollution with PAH, PCB and OCP in Germany N2 - While organic pollutants have been extensively studied in urban and agricultural areas, data from forested regions are relatively rare. Within the framework of a forest soil inventory in Germany polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were analyzed in 1500 soil samples taken from 3 soil horizons at 447 sites. An analytical protocol was developed and validated for the simultaneous extraction and measurement of all analytes in humic rich soil at trace level range. It included pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and a two step cleanup procedure consisting of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) followed by solid phase extraction (SPE). Quantification was carried out using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In line with the monitoring campaign a comprehensive quality assurance concept was implemented to guarantee constant analytical measurement conditions for two years. The protocol is applicable for field laboratories with a high level of automation and for analyzing high sample amounts. At most sampling sites pollutant concentrations gradually decrease with depth. Only few spots showed highest concentrations in the upper mineral soil. In the O-horizon the sum concentrations of 16 PAHs range from 104 to 14.000 µg/kg, of 6 PCBs from <1 to 106 µg/kg and the sum of DDT and metabolites range from <1 to ca. 4.000 µg/kg. The observed concentration of PAH, PCB and OCP reflect an ubiquitous background contamination at most sites. Relatively high concentrations of PAH and PCB are related to industrial areas and peak concentrations only of PAH are associated with open cast mining of brown coal areas. The spatial distribution of the contents of DDT and metabolites in German forest soils can clearly be attributed to historic application. A contribution of ubiquitous background pollution derived from long-range atmospheric transport is likely for some compounds in the studied area, e.g., DDT in the western part of Germany. The results generally reflect the distribution of POPs in densely populated and industrialized countries located in temperate regions]. T2 - International network of environmental forensics CY - Oerebro, Sweden DA - 27.06.2016 KW - Forest soil KW - Organic pollution KW - Spatial distribution PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra T1 - Evaluation of suitability of PLE, soxhlet, and shaking for extraction of POPs from soil N2 - The occurrence of persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in the environment is still a matter of concern, even years after their use was abolished. Hence, threshold values are regulated by law which reference a number of national and international standards for determination of said contaminants. In this context, soil is an especially difficult matrix, because several defining parameters can vary in a wide range. Organic matter content in particular has a crucial influence on extractability of contaminants because it largely governs formation of non-extractable or bound residues. For this study, four soils of different total organic carbon (TOC) content were generated from uncontaminated reference soil (RefeSol 01-A) and compost which were spiked to contaminant levels representative of the Bundes-Bodenschutz-Verordnung (BBodSchV). These test materials were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), Soxhlet extraction, and liquid-liquid extraction. For the latter method, samples were initially extracted for 15 minutes employing acetone. The follow-up extraction step was carried out using cyclohexane and the extraction time varied between 15 minutes and 16 hours. After clean-up, extracts were analysed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) and with a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC ECD). Statistical analysis of the experimental values showed that recovery was not dependent on matrix TOC content. Also, no clear preference for a single method could be detected. Concerning liquid-liquid-extraction, it is merely observed that prolonged extraction time results in slightly higher recoveries, while moderate extraction times appear to yield the most robust results. Although Soxhlet and ASE show high recoveries, they also lead to larger standard deviations and are not suitable for determination of thermolabile pesticides. In addition to recovery by different extraction methods, the agreement of values obtained by ECD and MS was evaluated. For ECD, standard deviations are generally higher but overall the values obtained by MS and ECD are comparable. T2 - International network of environmental forensics CY - Oerebro, Sweden DA - 27.06.2016 KW - Pesticides KW - PCB KW - Organic matter KW - Comparison extraction methods PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra T1 - Comparison of extraction methods for analysis of OCP and PCB in soils N2 - The determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls is challenging because they are strongly physical and chemical bound to soil organic matter. There are various valid standards for the determination of these analytes in soil that differ especially in the extraction method and extraction time. In order to make profound assessments concerning the extraction efficiency seven extraction procedures namely pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), soxhlet and shaking with different extraction times 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 16 h were compared. For the study four soils of different total organic carbon (TOC) content were generated from uncontaminated reference soil and compost which were spiked to contaminant levels representative of the Bundes-Bodenschutz-Verordnung. Clean-up and measurement conditions using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were kept constant. Statistically analysis of the experimental values showed that recovery rates were not dependent on matrix TOC content. In consideration of measurement uncertainties of 10% - 20% for the determination of OCP and PCB in soil no differences in the efficiency between the tested extraction procedures could be observed. T2 - ISO Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 24.10.2016 KW - Standardization KW - PCB KW - OCP KW - Extraction methods PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38611 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra T1 - NWIP - Determination of OCP and PCB in soils and sediments N2 - Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are two classes of organic synthetic substances which are globally used. The vast majority of OCP have been released directly in the environment as agricultural insecticides but they have been also used as byproducts for different applications e.g. wood preserver. PCB have been widely used as additives in industrial applications where chemical stability has been required. OCP and PCB are persistent, bioaccumulating and prone to long-range atmosheric transport and deposition. They are ubiquitous in the environment (water, soil, sediment and waste) and their presence is regularly monitored and controlled. At present determination of OCP and PCB is carried out in these matrices in most of the routine laboratories following the preceding steps for sampling, pre-treatment, extraction, clean-up by measurement of specific OCP and PCB by means of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) or gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Considered the different matrices and possible interfering compounds, this draft International Standard does not contain one single possible way of working. Several choices are possible, in particular relating to clean-up. Detection with both Mass Spectrometry and Electron Capture is possible. Three different extraction procedures and nine clean-up procedures are described. The use of internal and injection standards is described in order to have an internal check on choice of the extraction and clean-up procedure. T2 - ISO Meeting CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 25.09.2017 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) KW - Organochlorine Pesticides (OCP) KW - Soil standard PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43020 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra T1 - Comparison of standards for the determination of PAH in soil and waste N2 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous because of the fact that they are released in appreciable quantities every year into the environment through the combustion of organic matters such as coal, fuel oils, petrol, wood, refuse and plant materials. Since some of these PAH compounds are carcinogenic or mutagenic, their presence in the environment (air, water, soil, sediment and waste) are regularly monitored and controlled. At present determination of PAH are carried out in these matrices in most of the routine laboratories following the preceding steps for sampling, pre-treatment, extraction, clean up by measurement of specific PAH by means of Gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometric detection(GC-MS) or by HPLC in combination with UV-DAD- or Fluorescence-detection(HPLC-UV-DAD/FLD). At present there two standards for the determination of PAH in soil, sludge and biowaste and in waste valid. The goal is the development of only one standard for solid materials. T2 - CEN Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 29.05.2017 KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) KW - Soil standard PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43022 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muelow-Stollin, Ulrike A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra A1 - Kluge, Stephanie A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Efficiency Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Analysis of OCPs and PCBs in Soils of Varying TOC N2 - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls are toxic, carcinogenic, and have a high potential for bioaccumulation. Due to their stability, they are still considered an environmental problem even though the use of most of them has been phased out several decades ago. Soil is a matrix which can retain these contaminants to a great extent. This ability is often associated with the total organic carbon content (TOC). In order to judge the pollution status of soil and to make monitoring data more easily comparable a simple, yet robust extraction method is needed. Agitation solid-liquid-extraction is well suited for this purpose. However, the influence of TOC on the analyte recovery has to be known. For the presented study, 12 organochlorine pesticides and 7 polychlorinated biphenyls were spiked into four model soils with organic carbon contents between 1.6% - 13.3%. The matrices were extracted using solid-liquid extraction between 45 minutes and 16 hours. For comparison, all soils were also extracted using pressurised liquid extraction and Soxhlet extraction. After clean-up the extracts were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Statistical analysis of the results implied that the TOC content of the soils did not have significant influence on the extraction efficiency. A longer solid-liquid extraction time did not necessarily increase analyte recovery: Extraction for one hour resulted in 88% recovery while 16 hour extraction led to 89%. Thus, the efficiency of all the methods was comparable for all model soils. Additional investigations regarding GC liner performance highlighted the need for isotopically labelled standards during the analysis of thermolabile pesticides. KW - POP KW - Soil organic matter KW - Solid-liquid-extraction KW - Pressurised liquid extraction PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-430238 DO - https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2017.86045 SN - 2152-2219 VL - 08 IS - 06 SP - Article ID:77202, 693 EP - 713 PB - Scientific Research Publishing AN - OPUS4-43023 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra T1 - Status der europäischen Normung zur PAK16-Analytik N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über die europäischen und internationalen Normungsaktivitäten, insbesondere zur Bestimmung der 16 EPA-PAK in Feststoffen. T2 - Workshop zum "Freiberger Protokoll" zur Bestimmung von PAK16 auf und in festen Rückständen der Holzvergasung CY - Fraunhofer Institut Oberhausen, Germany DA - 20.03.2018 KW - PAK KW - Normung KW - Boden KW - Abfall PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44664 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -