TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlowski, Kristin A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Flame retardancy mechanisms of aryl phosphates in combination with boehmite in bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends N2 - The influence of nano-dispersed 5 wt.% boehmite (AlOOH) and 5 wt.% AlOOH combined with bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) in bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PC/ABS) + poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), and 1 wt.% AlOOH with and without BDP, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), on PC/ABS + PTFE has been investigated. Possible flame retardancy mechanisms are revealed. Thermogravimetry (TG) and evolved gas analysis (TG-FTIR) are used to study pyrolysis, a cone calorimeter applying different external heat fluxes is used to investigate fire behaviour, and LOI and UL 94 are used to investigate flammability. Fire residues were investigated using ATR-FTIR. Adding 5 wt.% AlOOH decreases the peak heat release rate, as also has been reported for polymer nanocomposites with other layered structures. AlOOH releases water, and adding 5 wt.% AlOOH crucially influences thermal decomposition by enhancing the hydrolysis of PC and of BDP. For PC/ABS + PTFE + BDP + 5 wt.% AlOOH, the formation of AlPO4, for instance, results in antagonistic effects on the charring of PC + BDP, whereas synergy is observed in LOI. When only 1 wt.% AlOOH is added to the PC/ABS + PTFE with and without BDP, RDP and TPP, respectively, no significant influence is observed on thermal decomposition, UL 94, LOI or performance in the cone calorimeter. KW - Aryl phosphates KW - Boehmite KW - PC/ABS KW - Flammability KW - Nanocomposites KW - Flame retardant PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.01.002 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 93 IS - 3 SP - 657 EP - 667 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-17121 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlowski, Kristin A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Flame retardancy mechanisms of triphenyl phosphate, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends N2 - The flame retardancy mechanisms of three aryl phosphates, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), in a polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PC/ABS) blend are investigated and compared. Further, the influence of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) on viscosity and thermal decomposition is discussed in the systems PC/ABS and PC/ABS + BDP. Mechanisms are proposed based on the results of various methods. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and kinetics are used to study the pyrolysis. The fire behaviour is studied by means of cone calorimeter measurements at different heat fluxes and the flammability is specified by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL 94. Rheology measurements are used to illuminate the changed dripping behaviour due to PTFE. TPP shows only a gas phase action. RDP shows mainly a gas phase action and some condensed phase action. BDP shows a crucial condensed phase action in addition to a gas phase action. TPP and RDP are somewhat superior in terms of flammability (LOI), whereas BDP shows superior performance in forced flaming combustion (cone calorimeter). Synergistic effects between PTFE and BDP are found. KW - Aryl phosphates KW - PC/ABS KW - Flame retardant KW - Pyrolysis KW - Flammability KW - TG-FTIR PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.2290 SN - 0959-8103 SN - 1097-0126 SN - 0007-1641 VL - 56 IS - 11 SP - 1404 EP - 1414 PB - Wiley InterScience CY - Chichester, West Sussex AN - OPUS4-15857 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -