TY - JOUR A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Heming, Frank T1 - Rückendeckung N2 - Sicherheit - Trotz des Spotts anderer Europäer, 'Auffahrunfälle gebe es nur in Deutschland', wird das Ziel eines Anfahr- statt Unterfahrschutzes für das Tankfahrzeugheck hierzulande weiter verfolgt. PY - 2013 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 3 SP - 14 EP - 17 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-27745 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alexander, I. A1 - Braun, H.-J. A1 - Dettmann, T. A1 - Fimmen, H. A1 - Haberkamp, H. A1 - Katz, H. A1 - Krischok, Frank A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Pötzsch, Klaus-Michael A1 - Zentgraf, R. A1 - Putzschke, M. T1 - Bericht über den Ablauf und die Ursachen der Havarie des Tankmotorschiffes 'Waldhof' am 13. Januar 2011 auf dem Mittelrhein (Rhein-km 553,75) KW - Schiffshavarie KW - Gefahrgut-Tankschiff KW - Schwimmstabilität PY - 2013 IS - S-312.4/016 SP - 1 EP - 224 AN - OPUS4-27729 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borch, Jörg-Peter A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian A1 - Burghardt, Frank T1 - Sicherheit von Flüssiggasflaschen im Unfallfeuer N2 - Neben herkömmlichen Stahlflaschen, die seit Jahrzehnten in fast unveränderter Bauform für Flüssiggase (Propan-Butan-Gemische) eingesetzt werden, etablieren sich immer mehr Flaschen aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen (GFK) mit einer geringeren Masse. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) wurde beauftragt, das Verhalten dieser Gasflaschen unter den extremen Bedingungen eines Unfallfeuers zu untersuchen. In einem Brandprüfstand der BAM auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (TTS) in Horstwalde wurden deshalb beide Typen von Propangasflaschen einem simulierten Unfallfeuer ausgesetzt. KW - Gefahrgut KW - Flüssiggas KW - Flaschen KW - Unfallfeuer KW - Druckgefäße KW - Gefahrguttransport PY - 2013 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 3 IS - 11/12 SP - 44 EP - 47 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-29720 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Schwarzer, Stefanie A1 - Otremba, Frank ED - Pierucci, S. ED - Klemes, J.J. ED - De Rademaeker, E. ED - Fabiano, B. ED - Buratti, S.S. T1 - Comparison of the operating life of tank containers, tank vehicles and rail cars for the carriage of dangerous goods in practice, analysis of causes of damage N2 - More than 400 Mt of dangerous materials are transported in Germany every year, of which 150 Mt are by road. Tank containers, tank vehicles and rail tank cars are used for the carriage of dangerous goods in large quantities. Data on the operating life of tanks are only available, in practice, to a minor degree. They are only partly published, mainly after accidents. The BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Carriage of Dangerous Goods, which has compatibility evaluations of metallic and polymeric materials, has been the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers and portable tanks designed for the carriage of dangerous goods by the BAM since publication of the first edition in 1989. These data are also used for the approval of rail tank cars and road tank cars and are used as a source of knowledge not only in Germany but also worldwide. Tank leakages caused by tanks or rail tank cars being made of tank and sealing materials which are not resistant to the fill goods are avoided by using the material resistance data of the BAM. Corrosion damage is among the main causes of damage. Uniform and non-uniform area corrosion without mechanical stress in aqueous substances is one of the most frequent types of corrosion during the transport of chemicals in tanks. Much damage by pitting corrosion occurs during the transport of substances containing chlorides or substances which separate chloride ions in the presence of moisture. Operational stresses are caused by the effects of both the road and the dangerous goods being transported. Mechanical damage often results from long-term overstressing and occurs after longer operating times. Operational failures cause damage which may appear during the service of tank containers, road tank cars or rail tank cars. The damage results from the inattention of employees when opening and closing the valves. Traffic accidents also cause damage to tanks and frames. Many cases of damage are due to weld area cracks resulting from four basic errors in construction, material, manufacturing and operation. Manufacturing errors can be undetected and the starting point of cracks which only grow under service conditions. Manufacturing errors result from variations in measurement and design, fittings, state of surface (hardness, abrasiveness) and mechanical surface damage (scratches, cracks). Incorrectly welded joints and errors during mechanical deformation are typical mistakes when installing the component parts. Variations in the wall thickness or combinations of different materials lead to manufacturing errors too. A lot of tanks are not used for the transport of dangerous goods before the end of their service life as they do not fulfil the revised technical safety requirements in the Dangerous Goods Regulations. Predictions in the BAM-List based on literature data and corrosion test results are reflected in the service (operating) life. Rail tank cars made of carbon steel, for example, which are mainly used for the transport of petroleum products, can achieve a service life of 40 – 50 y. Rail tank cars produced of austenitic CrNi- or CrNiMo-steel can reach an operating life of at least 30 y, whereby the corrosiveness of the transport substances plays an important role. T2 - 14th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Florence, Italy DA - 12.05.2013 KW - Gefahrguttanks KW - Eisenbahnkesselwagen KW - Schadensursachen KW - Lebensdauer PY - 2013 SN - 978-88-95608-22-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1331094 SN - 1974-9791 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions IS - 31 SP - 559 EP - 564 PB - AIDIC, Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-28568 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Erhard, Anton T1 - Alloy 800 steam generator tube stress corrosion cracks - detection and root causes T2 - Coteq 2013 CY - Porto de Galinhas, Brazil DA - 2013-06-18 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28720 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Mohr, F. A1 - Kilian, R. T1 - Alloy 800 steam generator tube stress corrosion cracks - detection and root cause KW - Tube inspection PY - 2012 SN - 0007-1137 VL - 54 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Northampton AN - OPUS4-26006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Schuler, X. A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - A new concept for steam generator tube integrity assessment N2 - Steam generator (SG) tubes are part of the primary circuit of pressurised water reactors and therefore also part of the pressure retaining boundary components. Furthermore, steam generator tubes are the components which guarantee the separation between the primary and secondary circuits. Therefore the knowledge of the loss of tube integrity as soon as possible is an essential. Optimised nondestructive testing methods based on the eddy current array technique are used to find material degradation, especially intergranular stress corrosion cracks during the periodical in-service inspection. These methods are supported by the measurement of the leakage rate during operation based on radioactivity and Tritium measurement regarding a high crack grows. Shutdown criteria depending on leakage rates which are described in the operation procedures but there are no specifications about the conditions for the measured leakage. Is the leakage coming from a single crack or are there multiple cracks or is this the leakage of a critical crack. With the help of FE calculations answer about the uncertainties of leakage rate versus critical crack grows were found. Shutdown criteria must guarantee to avoid critical crack sizes, i.e. between the measured tritium activity and the critical crack size must be a safety gap. KW - Steam generator tubes KW - Crack detection KW - Non destructive testing KW - Axial cracks KW - Critical crack sizes KW - Crack opening area KW - Leakage PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2012.04.014 SN - 0029-5493 SN - 1872-759X VL - 249 SP - 297 EP - 303 PB - North-Holland Publ. Co. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-26025 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Reich, Franziska T1 - Strukturoptimierung von Rahmenwerken von Druckgasbehältern in Containereinheiten T2 - BAM / IGV Jahresgespräch 2013 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-02-19 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27859 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Reich, Franziska A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Forschen für die Sicherheit T2 - Gefahrgut-Techniktage 2013 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2013-02-25 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27860 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konersmann, Rainer A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Vergleich von Risiken N2 - Vielen Entscheidungsprozessen geht ein Vergleich voraus. Bei einem Produktvergleich werden dazu Kriterien festgelegt, etwa der Kaufpreis, die Güte, Haltbarkeit, Handhabung usw. Der Testsieger ist meist derjenige, der die am höchsten bewerteten Kriterien erfüllt. Voraussetzung für derartige Vergleiche ist also die Gleichartigkeit der Vergleichsobjekte. Risiken untereinander zu vergleichen ist komplizierter. Die Notwendigkeit von Risikovergleichen ergibt sich, wenn nur unklare Vorstellungen, z. B. über die Risiken einer neuen Transporttechnologie, existieren und keine Erfahrungswerte zur Verfügung stehen. Aus bekannten und akzeptierten Risiken soll mittels eines Vergleichs die Tolerierbarkeit eines (noch) unbekannten Risikos abgeleitet werden. Der Beitrag setzt sich mit der Problematik von Risikovergleichen auseinander. KW - Risikovergleich Verkehrsmittel KW - Risikoakzeptanz KW - Qualitative Vergleichskriterien PY - 2013 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 3 IS - 6 SP - 32 EP - 37 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-28654 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzer, Stefanie A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Lebensdauer und Schadensursachen von Tankcontainern, Tankfahrzeugen und Kesselwagen zur Beförderung von Gefahrgütern in der Praxis N2 - Daten über Schadensursachen und die tatsächliche Nutzungsdauer der Tanks zum Transport von Gefahrgütern liegen nur in begrenztem Maße vor. Auf der Basis der Daten von Tankbaufirmen, Speditionen und Eisenbahnkesselwagen-Vermietgesellschaften wurde die durchschnittliche Lebensdauer von Tankcontainern, Tankfahrzeugen und Kesselwagen zur Beförderung von Gefahrgütern in der Praxis ermittelt und die Hauptschadensursachen analysiert. Korrosion, Risse an Schweißnähten, Gestaltungs- und Dimensionierungsfehler sowie fertigungs- und betriebsbedingte Fehler zählen zu den Hauptschadensursachen. Viele Tanks werden vor Ablauf ihrer Nutzungsdauer nicht mehr für den Transport von Gefahrgütern eingesetzt, da sie nicht mehr den geänderten gesetzlichen Anforderungen in den Gefahrgutvorschriften entsprechen. Die Voraussagen durch Literaturangaben und Ergebnisse von Korrosionsversuchen in der BAM-Liste – Anforderungen an Tanks zur Beförderung gefährlicher Güter – spiegeln sich in der Nutzungsdauer/Lebensdauer der Tanks wider. KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Tankcontainer KW - Tankfahrzeuge KW - Eisenbahnkesselwagen KW - Schadensursachen KW - Lebensdauer PY - 2011 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 1 IS - 11/12 SP - 28 EP - 33 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-24972 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Use of higher-alloyed metallic materials and duplex steels for transport tanks of dangerous goods N2 - Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic materials under the influence of dangerous goods are published in the BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” as basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank Containers designed for the carriage of dangerous goods. There is a request of the tank manufacturing industry and transportation Companies to incorporate additional materials into the BAM-List, especially corrosion-resistant materials because of the large number of corrosive dangerous goods. One solution to solve corrosion Problems is to line the tank with a polymer, an alternative solution is the application of high-alloyed stainless steels and nickel-based alloys as there are 1.4529 (XINiCrMoCu 25-20-7, alloy 926), 1.4562 (X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7, alloy 31) and 2.4605 (NiCr23Mo16AI, alloy 59). There is an interest to use cost-efficient steels with high strength values and concomitant adequate corrosion resistance such as duplex steel 1.4362 (X2CrNiN23-4). This steel grade was originally developed as a substitute for the austenitic grades 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) and 1.4571 (X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2). Due to the lower content of the alloy elements nickel and molybdenum this duplex steel is a cost-efficient alternative to molybdenum containing austenite. Due to the limited number of corrosion test results with welded test samples of these high-alloyed materials and the duplex steel under the influence of corrosive dangerous goods a comprehensive test Programme was performed with these materials in Cooperation with ThyssenKrupp VDM and Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH. It can be concluded from the test results that the superaustenitic steels 1.4529 and 1.4562 as well as the nickel-based alloy 2.4605 are a really good alternative as tank materials for the transport of dangerous goods in comparison to the lining of the tanks. The nickel-based alloy 2.4605 shows the best resistance and is suitable as material for tanks transporting all tested corrosive substances. One exception is the temperature limit during the transport of hydrochloric acid. The superaustenit 1.4562 is a resistant material with a wide ränge of application. Exceptions for use are: ammonium bifluoride, brine, 34 % calcium Chloride solution, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, 90 % 2-chloropropionic acid, nitrating acid with nitric acid content > 50 % and molten monochloroacetic acid. The alloy is limited suitable for allyl Chloride, aluminum Chloride, copper (II) -Chloride and ferric Chloride. The superaustenit 1.4529 showed the lowest resistance compared to the other two materials. This steel is not resistant in hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, sodium Chlorite and sodium hypochlorite. The application is limited in the concentration ränge of aqueous Solutions of aluminum Chloride, copper (II) Chloride and ferric Chloride. Due to the reduced alloying content of the duplex steel 1.4362 (X2CrNiN23-4) compared to the austenitic CrNiMo-steels, a lower resistance especially in acidic media like formic, acetic or sulfuric acid was observed. Within the more than 7.000 substances contained in the BAM-List there is a large amount of dangerous goods such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, and inorganic alkaline substances which have a large transport volume and do not corrode the duplex steel 1.4362 (X2CrNiN23-4). The test results are included in the actual 11th edition of the BAM-List and therefore available for the costumer. T2 - Stainless steel world conference & exhibition 2011 CY - Maastricht, The Netherlands DA - 29.11.2011 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Tankcontainer KW - Tankfahrzeuge KW - Beständigkeitsbewertung KW - BAM-Liste PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - KCI Publ. AN - OPUS4-24975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - German concept of break exclusion T2 - Quadripartite Working Group Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 2008-10-09 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18137 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Application of Lifetime Management for mechanical Systems, Structures and Components (SSC) in Nuclear Power Plants T2 - Technical Meeting on Current Trends on Nuclear Reactor Safety Aspects and Their Uses in the Development of an Update of the Regulatory Approach - Seventh Mission - November 2008 CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 2008-11-15 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18176 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pötzsch, Klaus-Michael A1 - Würsig, Andreas A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Das Gefahrgutrecht für Tanks und die technische Norm N2 - Im Gefahrgutrecht, insbesondere im Bereich der Gefahrguttanks für den Landverkehr, hat der Bezug zur technischen Norm aufgrund der Rechtsfortentwicklung eine fundamentale Bedeutung erlangt. Damit die Interessen der deutschen Tankhersteller genügend Berücksichtigung finden können, ist die kontinuierliche Mitarbeit der betroffenen Wirtschaftskreise in den nationalen und internationalen Normungsgremien erforderlich. Dieser Zusammenhang, der für den einzelnen Hersteller mit erhöhtem Aufwand verbunden ist, wird von den betroffenen Kreisen nicht flächendeckend wahrgenommen. Der Beitrag analysiert Gründe hierfür und macht Vorschläge zu leichten Korrekturen in der inhaltlichen Ausrichtung der Normung. PY - 2013 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 3 IS - 7/8 SP - 22 EP - 27 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-29016 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - German concept of break exclusion T2 - CENE (Atomaufsicht Brasillien) - Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 2008-11-15 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18775 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Brekow, Gerhard T1 - In-service inspection Atucha T2 - Meeting ARN, BAM, GRS, MPA Stuttgart CY - Buenos Aires, Argentina DA - 2011-03-15 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23585 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Degradation of material properties significant for lifetime extension of nuclear power plants N2 - The discussion about the right energy sources or alternative energy generation goes around the world, mostly in connection with green-house gas reduction. Therefore, some countries have started to consider extending operation of nuclear power plants. This demands an extensive plant life management as well as the knowledge of the degradation in material properties. The Basis Safety Concept (BSC) in Germany observed this circumstance. Still, lifetime extension is not an issue in Germany due to phase out of nuclear energy. Part of the BSC is the application of non-destructive examination (NDE) methods from the beginning, i.e. from component manufacture, to the end of life. The application of a NDE method to detect and size defects in components in nuclear power plants is presented. Some material properties and their degradation during increase of operation time are also in the focus of this paper. KW - Plant life management KW - Material properties KW - Ageing effects KW - Lifetime extension KW - Leak before break behaviour KW - German safety basis concept KW - Nondestructive evaluation KW - Synthetic aperture focusing technique PY - 2010 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 52 IS - 1-2 SP - 11 EP - 19 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-20836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - Performance of dangerous goods tanks in a fire T2 - ASME Intrnational Mechanical Congress and Exposition CY - Houston, TX, USA DA - 2012-11-09 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27082 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blees, Christian A1 - Balke, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Plattenbrandprüfungen mit reaktiven Brandschutzbeschichtungen für Gastanks - Ein Vergleich zwischen Kleinprüfstand und 1-m³-Ofen N2 - In der Vergangenheit führte die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) zahlreiche Tankbrandversuche mit und ohne Sicherheitseinrichtungen durch. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass Gastanks mit nicht ausreichend dimensionierten Sicherheitseinrichtungen bei einer äußeren thermischen Belastung innerhalb von 6 bis 10 min in Form eines BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) versagen können. Um die Feuerwiderstandsdauer eines Tanks zu erhöhen, besteht die Möglichkeit, den Tank u. a. mit einer sog. reaktiven Brandschutzbeschichtung zu versehen. Bei einer Temperatureinwirkung ab ca. 200 °C (produktabhängig) beginnt die Schicht aufgrund einer thermochemischen Reaktion aufzuschäumen. Die Tankwand wird dabei temporär vor einer weiteren schnellen Erwärmung geschützt. PY - 2012 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 2 IS - 1/2 SP - 27 EP - 30 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-25438 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -