TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg ED - Stegmann, R. ED - Rettenberger, G. ED - Kuchta, K. ED - Fricke, K. ED - Heyer, K.-U. T1 - Aufschluss, Trennung und Rückgewinnung von ressourcen-relevanten Metallen aus Rückständen thermischer Prozesse T2 - Deponietechnik 2012 - 8. Hamburger Abfallwirtschaftstage CY - Hamburg, Deutschland DA - 2012-01-31 KW - Ressourcen KW - Rostasche KW - Ersatzbaustoff PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-9812867-6-2 N1 - Serientitel: Hamburger Berichte – Series title: Hamburger Berichte VL - 37 SP - 177 EP - 186 PB - Abfall aktuell CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-25880 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Kleber, F. A1 - Hollaus, F. A1 - Diem, M. A1 - Sablatnig, R. ED - Park, J.-I. ED - Kim, J. T1 - Can Modern Technologies Defeat Nazi Censorship? N2 - Censorship of parts of written text was and is a common practice in totalitarian regimes. It is used to destroy information not approved by the political power. Recovering the censored text is of interest for historical studies of the text. This paper raises the question, whether a censored postcard from 1942 can be made legible by applying multispectral imaging in combination with laser cleaning. In the fields of art conservation (e.g. color measurements), investigation (e.g. Analysis of underdrawings in paintings), and historical document analysis, multispectral imaging techniques have been applied successfully to give visibility to information hidden to the human eye. The basic principle of laser cleaning is to transfer laser pulse energy to a contamination layer by an absorption process that leads to heating and evaporation of the layer. Partial laser cleaning of postcards is possible; dirt on the surface can be removed and the obscured pictures and writings made visible again. We applied both techniques to the postcard. The text could not be restored since the original ink seems to have suffered severe chemical damage. T2 - ACCV 2012 Workshops, 11th Asian conference on computer vision CY - Daejeon, Korea DA - 05.11.2012 KW - Laser cleaning KW - Multispectral imaging KW - Image restoration KW - Image enhancement PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-642-37483-8 SN - 0302-9743 VL - II IS - LNCS 7729 SP - 13 EP - 24 PB - Springer CY - Berlin Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-28160 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - López Meza, S. T1 - Leaching experiments on the release of heavy metals and PAH from C&D waste and MSWI bottom ash N2 - Leaching tests are fundamental tools for the assessment of long-term impact of contaminated waste materials on the soil-groundwater pathway. Waste materials should be tested under conditions equal to their actual application in re-use scenarios to achieve reliable results. Since the standards for leaching procedures available on international level so far are either not validated or considered inadequate in respect to coarse grained materials, new standards had to be developed. Therefore column percolation and batch test procedures have been standardized and validated to enable their introduction to new German regulations concerning waste management. Practical aspects of the test procedures as well as the boundary conditions compared to the already existing standards will be described. Examples including round robin test results will be given to justify the selection of the new specifications. T2 - 2nd International conference on hazardous and industrial waste management CY - Chania, Crete, Greece DA - 2010-10-05 KW - Leaching KW - Bioavailability KW - Column tests KW - Batch tests PY - 2010 IS - Session A, A5.1. SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-22128 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Source term determination by leaching procedures - new developments in Germany T2 - Global waste management symposium CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Elutionsverfahren KW - Abfall PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 11(?) AN - OPUS4-22256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Bredow, Andrea A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Säulenperkolationsversuche mit perfluorierten Tensiden und Bioziden in Böden N2 - Säulenperkolationsversuche werden u.a. zur Ermittlung der Freisetzung von Schadstoffen aus Böden durchgeführt. Im Entwurf der novellierten Bundesboden-schutz- und Altlastenverordnung ist neben Schüttelverfahren (DIN 19527 und 19529) ein Säulenperkolationsverfahren (DIN 19528) zur Eluatgewinnung aus Böden festgeschrieben. Mit diesem Verfahren kann im Vergleich zu den Schüttelversuchen auch der zeitliche Verlauf der Schadstofffreisetzung erfasst und bewertet werden. Allerdings sind die Verfahren bisher nur für anorganische Stoffe und wenige prioritäre organische Schadstoffe validiert worden (PAK, MKW, PCB, Phenole). Aber auch Schadstoffe wie perfluorierte Tenside (PFT), die z.B. für die Veredlung von Papier, Textilien und Haushaltsgeräten eingesetzt werden oder Biozide, mit denen Bauprodukte zum Schutz vor mikrobiellem Befall ausgerüstet werden (z.B. Fassadenbeschichtungen und Holz), geraten auf Grund ihrer gesundheits- und umwelt-schädlichen Eigenschaften immer stärker in die Diskussion. T2 - DBG-Jahrestagung 2013 - Kommission VI - Böden - Lebensgrundlage und Verantwortung CY - Rostock, Germany DA - 07.09.2013 KW - Elutionsverfahren KW - Säulenperkolationsverfahren KW - Kontaminierte Böden KW - Organische Schadstoffe PY - 2013 N1 - Serientitel: Berichte der DBG – Series title: Berichte der DBG SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - DBG (Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft) CY - Göttingen AN - OPUS4-29453 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Hennecke, D. T1 - Vergleichende Bewertung von Elutionsverfahren für die Beurteilung des Auslaugverhaltens organischer Stoffe aus Böden N2 - Es wurde eine vergleichende Bewertung der Ergebnisse von Schüttel- und Säulenverfahren als Übereinstimmungstest für die Untersuchung des Auslaugverhaltens von organischen Schadstoffen aus Böden vorgenommen. Dafür wurden die Ergebnisse von Ringversuchen zur Validierung der entsprechenden Elutionsverfahren genutzt. Der Methodenvergleich zeigte, dass keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Ergebnissen beider Elutionsverfahren beobachtet wurden. Es wurden beim Schüttelverfahren tendenziell etwas geringere Gesamtmittelwerte der Ringversuchsteilnehmer als beim Säulenverfahren erzielt. T2 - DBG-Jahrestagung 2013 - Kommission VI - Böden - Lebensgrundlage und Verantwortung CY - Rostock, Germany DA - 07.09.2013 KW - Elutionsverfahren KW - Methodenvergleich KW - Säulenverfahren KW - Schüttelverfahren KW - Kontaminierte Böden KW - Organische Schadstoffe PY - 2013 N1 - Serientitel: Berichte der DBG – Series title: Berichte der DBG SP - 1 EP - 3(?) PB - DBG (Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft) CY - Göttingen AN - OPUS4-29405 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Litzba, Andreas T1 - Vergleich der Ergebnisse von Übereinstimmungstests bei Säulen- und Schüttelversuchen N2 - In der Bundes-Bodenschutz- und Altlasten-verordnung (BBodSchV) und im Arbeits-entwurf der Novellierung ist für den Wirkungspfad Boden-Grundwasser eine Sickerwasserprognose vorgesehen, um die Gefahren, die von kontaminierten Stand-orten für das Schutzgut Grundwasser ausgehen, beurteilen zu können. Bei der Sickerwasserprognose kann u.a. auf der Grundlage von Materialuntersuchungen im Labor die Quellstärke kontaminierter Ma-terialen ermittelt werden, welche dann bei Transportmodellierungen Berücksichtigung findet. Der Entwurf der Novellierung der BBodSchV sieht für die Ermittlung der Quellstärke den Übereinstimmungstest des Säulenversuchs nach DIN 19528 bis zu einem Wasser/Feststoff - Verhältnis (W/F) von 2 l/kg für anorganische und organische Stoffe (PAK) oder den Schüttelversuch nach DIN 19529 für anorganische Stoffe und E DIN 19527 für organische Stoffe auch jeweils mit einem W/F von 2 l/kg vor. Die Zulassung beider Elutionsverfahren setzt die Gleichwertigkeit der Ergebnisse beider Verfahren voraus. Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse des Vergleichs der Auslaugung von polyzyklischen aromat-ischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) aus unterschiedlichen Böden mit Hilfe beider Elutionsverfahren vorgestellt. T2 - DBG-Jahrestagung, Kommission VI, 'Böden verstehen - Böden nutzen - Böden fit machen' CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.09.2011 KW - Elutionsverfahren KW - Übereinstimmungstest KW - Säulenverfahren KW - Schüttelverfahren KW - Kontaminierte Böden KW - Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK) PY - 2011 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/551/1/Berichte_der_DBG_Berger3376.pdf SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-24649 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Christoph, Gabriele A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang T1 - Monitoring of PAH in aqueous samples - a comparison of different sample preparation techniques T2 - International conference environmental (bio)technologies CY - Gdansk, Poland DA - 2011-09-05 KW - Stir bar sorptive extraction KW - Liquid-liquid extraction KW - Leaching, batch test KW - Column test KW - Complex aqueous matrix PY - 2011 IS - Paper 21 SP - 1 EP - 16 AN - OPUS4-24562 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Suhendra, Suhendra A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Tetzlaff, K. T1 - Production of marketable multi-nutrient fertilisers from different biomass ashes and industrial by-products N2 - Sewage sludge ashes (SSA) contain considerable mass fractions of phosphorus (5-10 w-% P) suitable for fertiliser production. Unfortunately, also most of the heavy metals remain in the ashes. A thermochemical process was developed for the treatment of SSA to i) remove heavy metals and ii) transform phosphates into bio-available mineral phases. The technology was already demonstrated in technical scale (capacity of 300 kg/h) and the company OUTOTEC is currently planning the first industrial plant. In order to manufacture a marketable multi-nutrient fertiliser from the thermochemically treated SSA further wastes and industrial by-products were taken into account. Ammonium sulphate occurs as a by-product of the caprolactam production and was chosen as N-carrier (21 w-% N). Straw ash was tested as potassium carrier (11-15 w-% K). Granulation campaigns were carried out with intensive mixers in lab-, medium-and technical scale. NPS-and NPKS-fertilisers were produced that were characterised by suitable particle size distributions and strength. T2 - ASH Utilisation 2012 CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 25.01.2012 KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Recycling fertiliser KW - Heavy metals KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Bioavailability PY - 2012 SP - 1 EP - 7 CY - Stockholm, Sweden AN - OPUS4-25496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Use of secondary phosphates to reduce soil pollution N2 - Phosphorous is essential for all living creatures and indispensable in its functions regarding bone structure, energy metabolism, and storage and expression of genetic information. It is removed from the soils through farming and husbandry and has to be replaced. Annually, more than 17 million tons of phosphorous are applied to soils in the form of mineral fertilizer worldwide (Killiches, 2013). In Germany, this accounts for 150,000 t/a. This fertilizer is produced from rock phosphate, which is often contaminated with heavy metals (Dissanayake et al., 2009), especially cadmium and uranium. Cd concentrations are around 30 mg/kg, U around 100 mg/kg, with even higher peak values. Since rock phosphate is treated with acids to make the phosphorous bioavailable, those heavy metals were also mobilized. When the fertilizer is applied to the farmland, the contaminants can pollute the soil and pose an environmental risk. Sewage sludge is another phosphorous source for farming. In Germany, 15,000 t/a phosphorous are applied to farmlands this way. However, there is a growing concern of possible environmental hazards since sewage sludge contains not only inorganic contaminants but also organic pollutants, especially pharmaceuticals and personal care products (Guardia et al., 2004). T2 - 4th International conference on environmental pollution and remediation CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 11.08.2014 PY - 2014 SP - Paper 136-1 EP - 136-2 AN - OPUS4-33432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Das Potential deutscher Klärschlammaschen für die Werkstoffrückgewinnung N2 - Über den derzeitigen und zukünftigen Umgang mit Klärschlamm wird in Deutschland seit Jahren kontrovers diskutiert. Zum einen enthalten kommunale Klärschlamme Nährstoffe, die sinnvoller Weise wieder in die landwirtschaftliche Nahrungsmittelproduktion eingebracht werden sollten. In diesem Zusammenhang steht Phosphor im Vordergrund, da diese Ressource begrenzt ist und deren zukünftig zu erwartende Knappheit neben der geringen Anzahl an Exportländern für Rohphosphate zu unberechenbaren Preissprüngen am Weltmarkt führen können. Zum anderen stellt Klärschlamm die Schadstoffsenke in der Abwasserreinigung dar, was den direkten landwirtschaftlichen Einsatz dieses Abfalls bedenklich macht. Zwar nahm die Konzentration der umweltrelevanten Schwermetalle in Klärschlämmen in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich ab (Wiechmann, Dienemann et al. 2012), die Belastung mit organischen Schadstoffen (z.B. Pharmazeutika, endokrin wirksame Substanzen, persistente organische Stoffe etc.) ist jedoch unüberschaubar und dürfte sich einem sinnvollen „Monitoring“ weitgehend entziehen. Das daraus resultierende Risiko für Mensch und Umwelt ist schwer einschätzbar und wird aufgrund der Beschaffenheit der diffusen Schadstoffquellen (z.B. Eintrag von Pharmaka und deren Metabolite über menschliche Ausscheidungen) unkalkulierbar bleiben. T2 - 3. VDI-Fachkonferenz - Klärschlammbehandlung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.09.2012 KW - Klärschlammasche KW - Phosphorrückgewinnung KW - Technologiemetalle PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-942980-87-6 SP - 11 EP - 18 CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-26725 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Herzel, Hannes ED - Lederer, J. ED - Laner, D. ED - Rechberger, H. ED - Fellner, J. T1 - Phosphorus flows in German sewage sludge ashes and potential recovery technologies N2 - Phosphorus (P) is essential for all forms of life and cannot be substituted. It is one of the macro nutrients applied in form of mineral or organic fertilizers in agricultural crop production. Mineral P fertilizers are generally based on phosphate rock, a limited resource. Western Europe completely depends on imports as it has no own relevant phosphate mines. The most abundant phosphate deposits are located only in a few countries such as Morocco, China, South Africa and the United States of America. Furthermore, phosphate rock and as a consequence mineral P fertilizers are often contaminated with the toxic elements cadmium and uranium. In Order to substitute phosphate rock P-bearing waste streams are investigated for their potential to be recyded as fertilizers. Wastewater is one of the important P-bearing waste streams that were in the focus of research in the last 10 years. German wastewater is e.g. a carrier of approx. 70,000 t of phosphorus per year. T2 - International workshop on technospheric mining - Mining the technosphere - drivers and barriers, challenges and opportunities CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 01.10.2015 KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Sewage sludge ash PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-85234-132-3 SP - 77 EP - 80 AN - OPUS4-34542 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus fertilizer from sewage sludge ashes by thermochemical treatment - Benefits and challenges N2 - Mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers are solely produced from phosphate rock. Europe completely depends on imports since there are no relevant phosphate rock deposits on the continent. Furthermore, phosphate rock is contaminated with heavy metals such as Cd and U that pollute the farmlands and pose environmental risks. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) might be a promising source for recycling fertilizer since it contains large amounts of P (up to 13 %). However, fertilizer from SSA has to comply with the respective ordinances, particularly the heavy metal limit values stated in the fertilizer ordinance, and requires sufficient P bioavailability. Thus, we conducted a complete survey of SSA from German mono-incineration facilities and developed a thermochemical treatment for SSA to reduce toxic elements and increase P bioavailability. T2 - RAMIRAN 2015 - 16th International conference Rural-Urban Symbiosis CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 08.09.2015 PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-941492-95-0 SP - TA EP - O_20, 33 AN - OPUS4-34311 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Hobohm, J. A1 - Kuchta, K. A1 - van Wasen, Sebastian A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Recovery of rare earth elements - optimized elemental analysis of fluorescent lamp shredder waste N2 - Rare earth elements (REE) are a crucial component of fluorescence lamps. Several procedures have been developed to recovery these technological important elements. Nevertheless, actual REE recycling from fluorescence lamps is scarce so far (recovery rate of less than 1 %), with current recycling approaches concentrating on glass recovery. Since most recycling processes include several, also wet-chemical steps, a complete knowledge of the actual elemental composition of the respective mass flows is necessary for an efficient REE recovery. We tested seven different reagent mixtures for microwave-assisted digestion of fluorescent lamp shredder, including HF, HClO4, and H2O2. We determined the concentrations of 25 of the most relevant rare earth and other trace elements in the respective dilutions. Two independent digestions, one a mixture of perchlorid/nitric/hydrofluoric acid and the other aqua regia, showed the highest concentrations of 23 of these elements, excluding only Sn and Tb. The REE concentrations in the tested lamp shredder sample (stated in g/kg) were 10.2 (Y), 12.1 (La), 7.77 (Ce), 6.91 (Eu), 1.90 (Gd), and 4.11 (Tb). T2 - 5th International conference industrial and hazardous waste management - Crete 2016 CY - Chania, Crete, Greece DA - 27.09.2016 KW - Rare earth elements KW - Critical raw materials KW - Resource recovery KW - WEEE PY - 2016 SN - 978-960-8475-20-5 SN - 2241-3138 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-37761 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Sewage sludge ashes - waste or valuable resource N2 - There is a growing concern of the direct use of contaminated sewage sludge in agriculture due possible environmental and health hazards. Thus, incineration of the sludge and thus increasing amounts of sewage sludge ashes (SSA) are to be expected in the future. SSA contains considerable amounts of phosphorus (P) and technology metals that might be recovered as secondary raw materials. Since the EU for instance depends completely on the import of rock phosphate needed for fertilizer production, alternative sources for P are in order. Furthermore, rock phosphate is often contaminated with heavy metals like Cd and U, leading to health and environmental hazards. P recovered from SSA might diminish these problems. To determine the possible recovery potential of P and technology metals from SSA, we conducted a survey of German mono incineration facilities and analyzed the respective SSA for their elemental composition. More than 95% of the emerging SSA was monitored. Results indicate a P recovery potential of 18,000 t/a (up to 13% of the annual P demands for fertilizer production). The concentrations of Cd and U in SSA are one to two Orders of magnitude lower than in rock phosphate and could help to reduce possible hazards. T2 - 4th International conference industrial and hazardous waste management (Crete 2014) CY - Chania, Crete, Greece DA - 02.09.2014 KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Resource recovery KW - Phosphorus KW - Technology metals PY - 2014 SN - 978-960-8475-20-5 SN - 2241-3138 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-31396 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Potenzialermittlung der in Deutschland anfallenden Klärschlammaschen - Mögliche Phosphor- und Metallrückgewinnung N2 - In Europa fallen jedes Jahr mehr als 10 Millionen Tonnen Klärschlamm an (Trockenmasse), etwa 2 Millionen davon in Deutschland, Bild 1 zeigt die Entwicklung der Klärschlammentsorgung in Deutschland. Nach dem Deponierungsverbot hat die Verbrennung des Klärschlamms stetig zugenommen. Die Verwendung im Landschaftsbau bzw. als Düngemittel ist nach einem Maximum um die Jahrtausendwende herum zugunsten der Verbrennung zurückgegangen, so dass heute jeweils etwa die Hälfte des Klärschlamms verbrannt und in der Landwirtschaft genutzt wird. Der Anteil an verbranntem Klärschlamm wird in Zukunft vermutlich weiter steigen. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür ist die zunehmende Besorgnis über Schadstoffe im Klärschlamm, die Mensch und Umwelt schädigen könnten. Neben verschiedenen organischen und anorganischen Schadstoffen handelt es sich insbesondere um Emerging Pollutants of Concern (EMPOC) wie Antibiotika und Kosmetika. T2 - 8. Klärschlammtage CY - Fulda, Germany DA - 04.06.2015 PY - 2013 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-33344 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Re-use of secondary phosphates as fertilizers - harmonization of analytical methods N2 - The number of different secondary raw materials used for fertilizer production is expected to increase in the future due to newly developed recycling procedures. Thus, more and more different matrices have to be analyzed. Furthermore, the respective legislation and analytical methodology is nonuniform throughout Europe. Therefore, a harmonization of the the regulations and Standards is desirable. We conduct a research project to test the existing analytical methods on their applicability to a broad variety of matrices to support the harmonization process. The project is scheduled tili late spring 2017. Initial results will be presented. T2 - 15th International waste management and landfill symposium - Sardinia 2015 CY - Cagliari, Italy DA - 06.10.2015 PY - 2015 SN - 9788862650212 PB - CISA Publisher CY - Cagliari AN - OPUS4-34577 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Krüger, Oliver ED - Schuhmann, R. T1 - Technische Prozesse zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Klärschlammaschen N2 - Klärschlammaschen weisen hohe Gehalte an Phosphor auf, dieser ist allerdings schlecht für Pflanzen verfügbar. Des Weiteren enthalten sie Schwermetalle die vor dem Einsatz als Düngemittel entfernt werden müssen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in den letzten Jahren nasschemische und thermochemische Verfahren entwickelt und zum Teil bereits in Demonstrationsanlagen getestet. Ein thermochemischer Verfahrensansatz wird in diesem Beitrag näher vorgestellt. Klärschlammaschen werden mit Klärschlamm als Reduktionsmittel und Natriumsulfat als Aufschlussmittel im Drehrohrofen thermisch behandelt. Bei diesem Prozess wird pflanzenverfügbares NaCaPÜ4 gebildet, unerwünschte Elemente wie As, Cd, Hg und Pb werden zum Teil über die Gasphase separiert. Die Ergebnisse eines Demonstrationsversuchs werden vorgestellt. N2 - Sewage sludge ashes exhibit high phosphorus mass fractions. However, the availability of phosphorus to plants is poor. Furthermore, sewage sludge ashes contain eco-toxicologically relevant heavy metals that have to be removed prior to agricultural application. ln front of this background several wet-chemical and thermo-chemical processes were developed in the last years and some of them were already successfully demonstrated in large scale. A thermo-chemical approach is presented in this article. Sewage sludge ashes are mixed with dry sewage sludge as reductant and sodium sulfate. Düring thermal treatment in a rotary kiln at approx. 950°C plant available NaCaPCU is formed. Furthermore undesired elements such as As, Cd, Hg and Pb are separated via the gas phase. Results of demonstration trials are presented. T2 - 8. CMM-Tagung 2015 - Innovative Feuchtemessung in Forschung und Praxis - Material - Prozesse - Systeme CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 07.10.2015 KW - Klärschlammasche KW - Phoshorrückgewinnung PY - 2015 N1 - Serientitel: Innovative Feuchtemessung in Forschung und Praxis – Series title: Innovative Feuchtemessung in Forschung und Praxis SP - 251 EP - 262 AN - OPUS4-34859 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Complete survey of German sewage sludge ashes - phosphorous and technology metal recovery potential N2 - Sewage sludge ashes (SSA) are a possible source for recovery of phosphorous (P) and technology metals. Phosphorous is essential for all animate beings. So far, its sole external source is rock phosphate, which is a finite resource. The EU import dependency on P from regions with high domestic demands or political instabilities is almost complete. Furthermore, rock phosphate often contains high amounts of heavy metals like Cd and U that might lead to health and environmetal hazards. P recovered from SSA might diminish these problems. We analyzed SSA from German mono incineration facilities in terms of their elemental composition and respective recovery potential. More than 97% of the emerging SSA is monitored, enabling the determination of complete mass flows of the ashes and their components. Results indicate a P recovery potential of 19,000 t/a (more than 12% of the annual P demands for fertilizer production). The concentrations of Cd and U in SSA are significantly lower than in rock phosphate and thus might help to reduce possible envrionmental and health hazards. T2 - SUM2014 - 2nd Symposium on urban mining CY - Bergamo, Italy DA - 19.05.2014 KW - Sewage sludge KW - Ashes KW - Phosphorous KW - Metal KW - Recovery PY - 2014 SN - 978-8-86265-031-1 SP - Session B 4, 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-30824 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Sewage sludge ashes - composition, mass flows, and recovery potential N2 - Sewage sludge ashes (SSA) represent a possible source of phosphorus (P) and technology metals. So far, the sole external source for P, that is indispensable for all animate beings, is rock phosphate, a finite resource. The EU depends completely on the import from possible politically instable regions. Furthermore, rock phosphate is often contaminated with heavy metals like Cd and U, leading to health and environmental hazards. P recovered from SSA might diminish these problems. SSA of German mono incineration facilities are analyzed for their elemental composition. More than 95% of the emerging SSA is monitored, enabling the determination of complete mass flows of the ashes and their components. Initial results indicate a P recovery potential of 16,000 t/a (11% of the annual P demands for fertilizer production). The concentrations of Cd and U in SSA are one to two Orders of magnitude lower than in rock phosphate and could help to reduce possible hazards. T2 - 14th International waste management and landfill symposium - Sardinia 2013 CY - Cagliari, Italy DA - 30.09.2013 PY - 2013 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - CISA Publisher AN - OPUS4-29734 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hjelmar, O. A1 - Wahlström, M. A1 - Comans, R. A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Grathwohl, P. A1 - Mehu, J. A1 - Schiopu, N. A1 - Hyks, J. A1 - Laine-Ylijoki, J. A1 - Van Zomeren, A. A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Wendel, T. A1 - Abdelghafour, M. A1 - Borho, N. ED - Arm, M. ED - Vandecasteele, C. ED - Heynen, J. ED - Suer, P. ED - Lind, B. T1 - Robustness validation of two harmonized European leaching tests for assessment ot the leaching of construction products, including waste-based construction materials N2 - Two leaching tests, a tank leaching test (TS-2) and a percolation test (TS-3), developed by CEN/TC 351 for use in assessing environmental properties in relation to CE marking of construction products, are undergoing robustness validation as part of the standardisation procedure. This paper provides an overview of the activities included in the robustness validation programme. T2 - WASCON 2012 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 30.05.2012 KW - Tank leaching test KW - Percolation test KW - Robustness validation KW - Construction products PY - 2012 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - ISCOWA and SGI AN - OPUS4-26966 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Geburtig, Anja ED - Reichert, Thomas T1 - Laboratory Weathering Test for Simulating the Leaching from Artificial Sporting Grounds N2 - In order to estimating the amount and kind of emissions from polymeric sporting tracks a laboratory test was developed in BAM that combines artificial weathering and subsequent batch and column tests [1, 2, 3]. The goal consisted in nvestigating a possible change of emissions into soil and groundwater of a new sporting ground as a function of ageing and egradation of the system. At various stages of the weathering, the samples were removed and subjected to especially designed column extraction tests for the solid samples. Both these extracts and the accumulated rainwater run-off of the weathering device were subjected to analytical tests of their ingredients. The overall aim of the test consisted in developing ontrollable, reproducible, and standardisable conditions and methods of investigation that would allow an estimation of the emissions in the course of outdoor application of about five years. T2 - 7th European Weathering Symposium. Natural and Artificial Ageing of Polymers CY - Naples, Italy DA - 16.09.2015 KW - artificial weathering KW - emission KW - leaching KW - sporting track KW - degradation KW - ageing KW - rubber KW - extraction PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-9816286-6-1 VL - CEES 17 SP - 195 EP - 208 PB - Thomas Würtz CY - Karlsruhe, Germany AN - OPUS4-35401 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Hally, S. ED - Arm, M. ED - Vandecasteele, C. ED - Heynen, J. ED - Suer, P. ED - Lind, B. T1 - Development of leaching procedures for synthetic turf systems N2 - Scrap tyres are widely reused in the form of granules as infill materials or component of sub-base layers in construction of sporting grounds such as synthetic turf areas and athletic track surfaces. The recycled rubber may contain organic and inorganic pollutants due to the presence of vulcanisation catalysts, stabilisers and other additives which can be released into soil and groundwater in the case of outdoor sports facilities. In order to evaluate the amount of potentially mobile pollutants, leaching tests can be employed. This study aimed particularly at the investigation of the feasibility of column tests using complete synthetic surface flooring or turf system assemblies. The release of zinc and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) leached from components of sports surfaces containing recycled rubber granules was considered. Additionally, batch tests on coated and uncoated styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) granules aged by artificial weathering were performed to indicate its possible influence on the leaching behaviour of zinc and PAH. The chosen approach of column tests simulating typical complete synthetic sports surface installations has been proven to be feasible and robust. The time-dependent leaching behaviour and interactions between single components can be evaluated by column tests. Zinc was the most relevant contaminant in the eluates and its leachability was enhanced after accelerated ageing by artificial weathering. Leachable PAH were found in relatively low but well detectable amounts which increase by ageing as well. T2 - WASCON 2012 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 30.05.2012 KW - Waste rubber KW - Artificial turf KW - Leaching behaviour KW - Batch test KW - Column test PY - 2012 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - ISCOWA and SGI AN - OPUS4-26968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Resource recovery potential of sewage sludge ashes (SSA) N2 - Phosphorous is essential for all animate beings and not replaceable in its functions, e.g. for intracellular energy transfer (ATP) or storage and expression of genetic information (DNA, RNA). Currently, 125,000 t of phosphorous is used as mineral fertilizer in Germany annually. Most of the phosphorous is mined as rock phosphate and thus a finite resource with an estimated static Lifetime of around 120 years. Since Europe does not possess significant deposits, the dependence on Imports is very high. This problem may be diminished by phosphorous recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA). More than half of the thermally treated sewage sludge is currently co-incinerated in cement or power plants as well as municipal waste incineration plants. T2 - Crete 2012 - 3rd International conference on industrial and hazardous waste management CY - Chania, Crete, Greece DA - 12.09.2012 KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Phosphorous recovery KW - Mass balance KW - Resource recovery potential PY - 2012 SN - 978-960-8475-17-5 SN - 2241-3138 IS - Session 5: Recovery opportunities SP - 73 EP - 74 AN - OPUS4-26570 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -