TY - JOUR A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Interphase Boundary Characterization in Duplex Steel and Iron Meteorites Using EBSD Technique KW - Orientation relationship KW - Phase boundary KW - Misfit KW - Pole figure KW - Euler space KW - Variant selection PY - 2006 SN - 1733-3490 VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 20 PB - Instytut Metalurgii i In·zynierii Materialowej Im. Aleksandra Krupkowskiego CY - Warszawa AN - OPUS4-13960 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farooq, M. U. A1 - Klement, U. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - EBSD and EDX analysis at the cladding - Substrate interface of a laser clad railway wheel N2 - Electron backscatter diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used to investigate the intermixed interface produced during laser cladding of a Co-Cr-Mo alloy on a steel substrate. A multi-component system and rapid solidification conditions together lead to a complex microstructure at the interface. The solidification of the cladding starts with the formation of an interface layer, which is about 75µm in thickness and consists of randomly oriented equiaxed grains of Co-Cr-Fe solid solution and martensite. Orientation analysis of the grains in the interface layer revealed that some grains have a special orientation relationship with the former austenite grains in the heat affected zone but the cladding is not formed by epitaxial growth on the substrate. Intermixing of the materials at the interface is providing a strong bond between the substrate and the cladding. For a grain from the interface layer to emerge as columnar grain in the cladding, it was determined that its <001> crystallographic direction is not supposed to deviate more than 25° from the sample normal direction. KW - EBSD KW - Laser cladding KW - Interface KW - Orientation KW - Nishiyama - Wassermann relationship PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101413 SN - 1862-5282 VL - 97 IS - 11 SP - 1512 EP - 1518 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-14425 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - The Orientation of carlsbergite in iron meteorites T2 - EBSD Users Meeting 2006 CY - Hindsgavl, Denmark DA - 0006-12-04 PY - 2006 SP - 34 EP - 46 PB - Oxford Instruments HKL CY - Hindsgavl AN - OPUS4-14426 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Image distortions in SEM and their influences on EBSD measurements N2 - The high sample tilt angle commonly necessary for an orientation determination by EBSD (electron back-scatter diffraction) is responsible for some simple geometrically caused, but nevertheless essential, image distortions. First of all, the influence of the tilt correction and also the trapezium distortion which appears at low magnifications will be discussed. In the second part, an additional rhomboidal distortion will be introduced which is independent of the magnification used. This distortion appears if the scanned sample surface is out of plane to the tilted stage. Even a small deviation from the parallelity produces an approximately three times bigger error of the Euler angle φ1 when the sample alignment is based on the image captured from the highly tilted sample. This effect especially concerns small samples (e.g. FIB-lamellae) since they cannot be exactly aligned, but the measurements of bigger samples can also be influenced. As an example a correction procedure is described in detail, based on a repetition of the measurement after a 180° sample rotation. KW - EBSD KW - Tilted sample KW - Image distortion PY - 2007 SN - 0304-3991 VL - 107 IS - 2-3 SP - 172 EP - 183 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-14449 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farooq, M.U. A1 - Klement, U. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - The role of alpha- to epsilon-Co phase transformation on strain hardening of a Co-Cr-Mo laser clad N2 - A laser clad Co–Cr–Mo alloy has been analysed by the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique to examine the microstructural evolution during tensile deformation and to study the role of the evolved microstructure on strain hardening of the clad. The allotropic phase transformation from α- to ε-Co, that did not take place during cooling from the solidification temperature, occurs in the form of a strain-induced transformation during plastic deformation. Combined slip on non-parallel planes in parallel bands of α- and ε-Co prevents the formation of cracks and contributes to the strain hardening of the material. Due to twin formation at intersecting ε-Co bands, {1 1 0 1} planes become almost parallel to {1 1 1} planes of α-Co, and facilitate further glide of dislocations. Owing to the strain-induced transformation of α- to ε-Co, the laser clad Co–Cr–Mo investigated in this study can accommodate high deformation before cracks are formed at the “wavy slip-lines” and the precipitates. KW - Laser clad KW - EBSD KW - Co-Cr-Mo KW - Phase transformation KW - Strain hardening PY - 2007 SN - 0921-5093 SN - 1873-4936 VL - 445-446 SP - 40 EP - 47 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-14465 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alymov, M. I. A1 - Epishin, Alexander A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Link, T. A1 - Bedov, S. A1 - Ankudinov, A. B. T1 - Electron microscopy investigation of the structure of a compact extruded from nanopowder of nickel KW - EBSD KW - SAED KW - TEM KW - SEM KW - Extrusion KW - Nano-technology PY - 2007 SN - 1816-5230 VL - 2 IS - 3-4 SP - 124 EP - 129 PB - Akademperiodyka CY - Kyïv AN - OPUS4-14845 LA - rus AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendt, U. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Correlation between crystal orientation, channeling contrast and topography during FIB milling of Cu studied by FIB, EBSD, SEM, and AFM KW - TEM-Präparation KW - Abtragsrate PY - 2007 SN - 0032-678X VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - 236 EP - 238 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-14970 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendt, U. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - FIB Milling and Canneling KW - Topography KW - Etching rate KW - EBSD KW - AFM PY - 2007 SN - 1439-4243 SN - 1863-7809 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 34 EP - 36 PB - GIT-Verl. CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-15749 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Epishin, Alexander A1 - Link, T. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - SEM investigation of interfacial dislocations in nickel-base superalloys N2 - A new technique for investigation of interfacial dislocations in nickel-base superalloys by scanning electron microscopy is presented. At high temperatures the pressure of interfacial dislocations against the γ/γ'-interface causes grooves. This 'fingerprint of the dislocation network' is visualized by deep selective etching, which removes the γ'-phase down to the γ/γ'-interface. Compared with transmission electron microscopy, the proposed method has important advantages: observation of large sample areas, no superposition of dislocations lying in different specimen depths, possibility of three-dimensional view of dislocation configurations, information about the dislocation mobility, reduced time for preparation and visualization. The method can be applied for multiphase materials where the interface is grooved by interfacial dislocations. KW - Dislocation structure KW - Interfaces KW - Nickel alloys KW - Scanning electron microscopy PY - 2007 SN - 0022-2720 SN - 1365-2818 VL - 228 IS - 2 SP - 110 EP - 117 PB - Blackwell CY - London AN - OPUS4-16039 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendt, U. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - FIB-Ätzen und Ionen-Channeling - Der Materialabtrag hängt von der kristallographischen Orientierung ab KW - FIB KW - Ionenätzen KW - Kristall PY - 2007 SN - 0016-3538 VL - 51 IS - 10 SP - 848 EP - 851 PB - GIT-Verlag CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-16155 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Analysis of Kikuchi band contrast reversal in electron backscatter diffraction patterns of silicon N2 - We analyze the contrast reversal of Kikuchi bands that can be seen in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns under specific experimental conditions. The observed effect can be reproduced using dynamical electron diffraction calculations. Two crucial contributions are identified to be at work: First, the incident beam creates a depth distribution of incoherently backscattered electrons which depends on the incidence angle of the beam. Second, the localized inelastic scattering in the outgoing path leads to pronounced anomalous absorption effects for electrons at grazing emission angles, as these electrons have to go through the largest amount of material. We use simple model depth distributions to account for the incident beam effect, and we assume art exit angle dependent effective crystal thickness in the dynamical electron diffraction calculations. Very good agreement is obtained with experimental observations for silicon at 20 key primary beam energy. KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Kikuchi patterns KW - Dynamical electron diffraction simulation PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.11.008 SN - 0304-3991 VL - 110 IS - 3 SP - 190 EP - 194 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-24008 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - EBSD-Untersuchungen am Kieler Meteorit T2 - 4. Deutsches Meteoriten-Kolloquium, Universität Kiel CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 2012-04-27 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25813 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Gefüge-Untersuchungen am Meteoriten von Erxleben T2 - 3. Deutsches Meteoriten-Kolloquium CY - Erxleben, Germany DA - 2012-04-14 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25814 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Microstructure description by EBSD using additional sources of information T2 - Besuch der Technischen Universität Dänemarks Kopenhagen (DTU Kopenhagen) CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 2012-06-11 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26477 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -