TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Material Characterization and modeling within safety analysis of packages for transport of radioactive material T2 - ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels & Piping Division Conference CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 2012-07-15 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26328 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Experiences by german authority with safety case approach for welding seams as part of SNF transport package containments T2 - RAMTRANSPORT 2012 CY - London, England DA - 2012-05-22 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26332 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Eisenacher, Germar A1 - Schönfelder, Thorsten A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Finite element simulation of the crush of package components made of encapsulated wood N2 - Typical transport packages used in Germany are equipped with encapsulated wooden impact limiting devices. We would like to present the current status regarding the development of a Finite Element (FE) material model for the crush of wood for the FE-code LS-DYNA. The crush of is a phenomenon governed by macroscopic fracture. Here, we would like to reproduce fracture and failure mechanisms over the continuous volume. In a first step we altered an existing LS-DYNA material model for foams, which considers an ellipse shaped yield surface. For the use for longitudinal compression of wood, we modified the existing material model to consider the deviatoric strain for the evolution of the yield surface as well. This is in accordance with the results of crush tests with spruce wood specimens, where the crushing deformation was rather deviatoric for uniaxial stress states and rather volumetric for multiaxial stress states We rate the basic idea of this approach to be reasonable, though other problems exist regarding the shape of the yield surface and the assumption of isotropic material properties. Therefore we developed a new transversal isotropic material model with two main directions, which considers different yield curves according to the multiaxiality of the stress state via a multi-surface yield criterion and a non-associated flow rule. The results show the ability to reproduce the basic strength characteristics of spruce wood. Nevertheless, problems with regularization etc. show that additional investigations are necessary. T2 - 11th International Conference on the Transport, Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials CY - London, UK DA - 15.05.2018 KW - Wood KW - FEM PY - 2018 SP - Paper 18517, 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-45091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Finite element simulation of the crush of package components made of encapsulated wood N2 - Typical transport packages used in Germany are equipped with encapsulated wooden impact limiting devices. We would like to present the current status regarding the development of a Finite Element (FE) material model for the crush of wood for the FE-code LS-DYNA. The crush of is a phenomenon governed by macroscopic fracture. Here, we would like to reproduce fracture and failure mechanisms over the continuous volume. In a first step we altered an existing LS-DYNA material model for foams, which considers an ellipse shaped yield surface. For the use for longitudinal compression of wood, we modified the existing material model to consider the deviatoric strain for the evolution of the yield surface as well. This is in accordance with the results of crush tests with spruce wood specimens, where the crushing deformation was rather deviatoric for uniaxial stress states and rather volumetric for multiaxial stress states We rate the basic idea of this approach to be reasonable, though other problems exist regarding the shape of the yield surface and the assumption of isotropic material properties. Therefore we developed a new transversal isotropic material model with two main directions, which considers different yield curves according to the multiaxiality of the stress state via a multi-surface yield criterion and a non-associated flow rule. The results show the ability to reproduce the basic strength characteristics of spruce wood. Nevertheless, problems with regularization etc. show that additional investigations are necessary. T2 - 11th International Conference on the Transport, Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials CY - London, UK DA - 15.05.2018 KW - Wood KW - FEM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45093 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Assessment of Quality Management for Transport Packages not requiring Authority Design Approval N2 - The poster presents the german approach for the assessment of quality management systems for transport packages for radioactive material not requiring authority design approval. As legal basis the IAEA regulations, the ADR as well as the GGVSEB are highlighted and examples for these transport packages are given. The GGR 016 is mentioned, main duties and responsibilities as well as the manufacturing and quality surveillance system are described. T2 - 11th International Conference on the Transport, Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials CY - London, UK DA - 15.05.2018 KW - Quality KW - Type A KW - Competent authority PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45095 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GOVDOC A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Measures for quality and ageing management for non-competent authority approved package designs for the transport of radioactive material N2 - The BAM-GGR 016 explains the requirements of ADR, RID, ADN and IMDG for management systems for design, manufacturing, testing, documentation, use, maintenance, and inspection of packagings for package designs for the transport of radioactive material not requiring competent authority approval for all designs of exempted packages, packages type IP-1, IP-2, IP-3 and type A. KW - Not requiring competent authority approval KW - Radioactive material KW - Transport PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-636506 VL - BAM-GGR 016 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin ET - Revision 1 AN - OPUS4-63650 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Friction coefficients for wood-wood and wood-steel contacts N2 - The friction at the interfaces between pieces of wood and steel is of crucial importance for the impact and energy absorption in impact limiters of transport casks for radioactive material. Here, the friction coefficient for the combinations wood-wood and wood-steel was measured in the temperature range between -40°C and 90°C. Results show decreasing friction with increasing temperature, ranging from 0.43 at -40°C to 0.22 for 90°C for wood-steel combinations and from 0.3 at -40°C to 0.24 at 90°C for a wood-wood combination. T2 - Sandia-BAM Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.11.2022 KW - Wood KW - Friction KW - Transport cask PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56342 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Modelling of compression of wood filled impact limiter of casks for transportation of radioactive material T2 - Radioactive Materials Transport Conference 2009 CY - Manchester, England DA - 2009-05-12 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19219 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Modelling of compression of wood filled impact limiter of casks for transportation of radioactive material N2 - Impact limiters of packages for transport of radioactive materials are in Germany typically steel-wood-sandwich-constructions, combining a relatively stiff steel structure bolted to the cask body, outer steel plates and different types of wood. By crushing the wood-steel-sandwich-structure between unyielding target and cask, kinetic energy of 9-m-free-fall is absorbed. Main energy absorber is wood under a high level of deformation. Wood under large deformations exhibits destruction of the fibre matrix. By analysing compression of impact limiter wood after drop tests with prototype casks for radioactive material, underlying mechanisms of wood crushing and corresponding energy absorption under large deformations are identified. Softening occurring at compression of wood is a function of lateral strain restriction of wood. Against the background of continuum mechanics an analogous model for compression of fibre bundle is presented. The model takes lateral strain restriction as triaxiality of stress state into account. Further modelling possibilities for wood with a continuum approach are described. Different material laws in the explicit Finite Element code LS-DYNA are analysed for possible application on the analogous model for the fibre bundle. Small scale compression tests with wooden specimens were modelled in order to evaluate the ability of different modelling techniques to simulate softening. Although modelling of compression of wood under large deformations is possible, softening could not be simulated purposefully. A drop test of a cask with impact limiting devices similar to existing impact limiters is simulated with different material laws for wood. Behaviour of impact limiting devices could not be simulated universally including influence of lateral strain restriction; nevertheless loading of the cask by crushing of impact limiter could be simulated purposefully. Verification with experimental results is compulsory. T2 - Ramtransport 09 - 8th International Conference on radioactive materials transport 2009 CY - Manchester, Great Britain DA - 2009-05-12 KW - Radioactive material KW - Transport KW - Impact limiter KW - Simulation KW - FEM PY - 2009 IS - PAP31 SP - 1 EP - 20 AN - OPUS4-19751 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor T1 - Dynamic and quasi-static FE calculation of impact from 9 metre drop of spent fuel transport cask N2 - The drop from 9 m height onto a rigid target is one of the required proofs of safety for packages of radioactive materials. Direct dynamic finite element method (FEM) calculations and combined two step analytical quasi-static finite element (FE) calculations are both applied for the simulation of a 9 m drop test. This paper gives a comparative example of both approaches for the 9 m side drop simulation of the spent fuel transport cask with wood filled impact limiter. The model for dynamic FEM consists of cask body and impact limiter. Detailed material properties and geometry descriptions from each component of the impact limiter are required. The results (stress fields in the cask body) are obtained directly from the calculation. The combined method provides as intermediate results the force-deformation characteristic of impact limiter. The maximum impact limiter force determined by the law of energy conservation during the drop is then - in a second step - applied on the cask body in a quasi-static FE model in order to calculate the stresses. In this paper, the rigid body deceleration and the maximum stress in the middle of the cask body are used for the comparison between the dynamic FEM and the combined method. Similar maximum rigid body deceleration-time curves were obtained by both methods for the horizontal 9 m free fall. Concerning the stress in the cask body the dynamic FEM results oscillate about values calculated by the combined quasi-static approach. If the combined quasi-static approach is used in the safety assessment of a cask, a suitable factor has to be applied on its results to take into account the additional dynamic effects. KW - Drop test KW - Spent fuel transport cask KW - Finite element calculation KW - Dynamic simulation KW - Impact limiter KW - Wood PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/174650909X12553336148026 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 174 EP - 178 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-20819 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Simulation of Impact Limiter Crushing of RAM Packages under 9 m Drop Test Conditions T2 - Waste Management 2010 CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 2010-03-06 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-20804 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Static and dynamic calculation approaches for mechanical design assessment of type B packages for radioactive material transport - 10193 T2 - WM2010 Conference CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 2010-03-07 KW - Mechanische Bewertung KW - Radioaktives Material KW - Numerische Analyse KW - Typ B(U)-Verpackung PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-21240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Herter, Jürgen A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Hartwig, S. T1 - Compressive behaviour of axially loaded spruce wood under large deformations at different strain rates N2 - Impact limiting components of packages for the transport of radioactivematerials are often designed as wood filled steel constructions. Wood absorbs major part of the impact energy in order to minimise the impact load acting upon the containment. Dynamic impact experiments with wood filled impact limiters showed different crushing mechanisms for axially loaded wood depending on their lateral constraint. Tests on spruce wood samples (Picea abies) were performed in order to clarify the influence of strain rate from static to 30 s-1 on a) compression strength, b) stress at a global strain level of 50%, and c) energy absorption capacity at 50% deformation, including statistical evaluation of the results. Results were as follows: strain rate increase led to significantly higher compression strength, stress and strain energy at a strain level of 50%. Lateral strain restriction had no effect on compression strength; it had a significant effect on stress and strain energy at strain level of 50%. Therefore, the definition of a general yield curve for wood under large deformations is not possible, the yield curve has to be chosen taking into account lateral constraints. KW - Compression KW - Wood KW - Spruce KW - Picea abies KW - Impact PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0442-x SN - 0018-3768 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 345 EP - 357 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-22980 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisenacher, Germar A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Sterthaus, Jens A1 - Kasparek, Eva Maria A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Stauchversuche mit querdehnungsbehinderten Fichtenholzproben verschiedener Faserorientierungen bei veränderlicher Dehnrate T1 - Compression tests with laterally constrained spruce specimens with varying fiber orientations and loading rates N2 - Im Zuge des Forschungsvorhabens ENREA (Entwicklung rechnerischer Analysemethoden für stoßdämpfende Strukturen beim Anprall oder Absturz von Abfallgebinden) führt die BAM systematische Untersuchungen an stoßdämpfenden Werkstoffen, unter anderem an Fichtenholz, durch. Zweck der mit diesen Untersuchungen erzeugten Datenbasis ist die Erstellung und Parametrierung eines Finite-Elemente- (FE-) Materialmodells, das die Modellierung holzgefüllter stoßdämpfender Bauteile von Transportbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe in der FE-Simulation ermöglichen soll. Anhand von Ergebnissen aus der ersten Versuchsphase werden der Einfluss der Dehnrate und der Faserorientierung auf das Kraft-Verformungs-Verhalten von Fichtenholz diskutiert. Anschließend wird die rechnerische Modellierung von Fichtenholz diskutiert und die Anforderungen an ein Materialmodell werden erläutert. N2 - In the course of research project ENREA (development of numerical methods for analyzing impact limiters subjected to impact or drop scenarios), BAM is systematically investigating impact limiting materials, e. g. spruce wood. Goal of these investigations is to establish and parameterize a finite element (FE) material model which enables the modeling of wood filled impact limiting devices of transport casks for radioactive materials. Using results of the first test stage, the effect of loading rate and fiber orientation on the force-deflection characteristics of spruce wood will be presented. Following, computational modeling of spruce wood including requirements for a material model will be discussed. T2 - KONTEC 2011 - 10. Internationales Symposium "Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfälle" CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.04.2011 PY - 2011 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English SP - 465 EP - 478 AN - OPUS4-23684 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Rechnerische Simulation des mechanischen Verhaltens von holzgefüllten Stoßdämpfern von Transportbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe N2 - Basierend auf Fallversuchen mit Transportbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe sowie auf einem Versuchsprogramm mit Holzproben wurden die Energieabsorptionsmechanismen identifiziert und ein Modell für das Verhalten von Fichtenholz bei axialer Belastung entwickelt. Das Modell zieht für die Kompression von Holz die seitliche Dehnungsbehinderung – im kontinuumsmechanischen Zusammenhang wäre das die Mehrachsigkeit des Spannungszustandes im Kontinuum – in Betracht. Die Energie, die vom Holz absorbiert werden kann, ist umso größer, je größer die seitliche Dehnungsbehinderung ist. Für die Modellierung mit Finite Elemente Methoden wurden verschiedene Modellierungsstrategien untersucht, keine der vorgeschlagenen Modellierungsstrategien war in der Lage, dass Verhalten von Holz bei Druckbeanspruchung und großen Deformationen inkl. der Entfestigung zu modellieren. Bei Verwendung einer entfestigenden Fließkurve zeigt das Modell ausgeprägte Netzabhängigkeiten und numerischen Instabilitäten. Für die Modellierung der Entfestigung mit Hilfe einer von der Mehrachsigkeit des Spannungszustandes gesteuerten Fließflächenevolution ist kein geeignetes Materialmodell vorhanden. Anhand der Simulation eines Fallversuchs mit einem Behälterkörper und stoßdämpfenden Bauteilen im Maßstab 1:2 wurde gezeigt, dass zwar eine vollständige Modellierung des Stoßdämpferverhaltens inkl. Entfestigung nicht möglich war, aber das Stoßdämpferverhalten mit einer nicht-entfestigenden Fließkurve sinnvoll modelliert werden konnte. Eine Verifikation des Modellierungsansatzes am real zu modellierenden Bauteil ist zwingend erforderlich. Wenn signifikante Änderungen zwischen Verifikations- und Simulationsobjekt auftreten, ist die Zuverlässigkeit der Rechenergebnis als gering zu bewerten. Nur wenn die auftretenden Kompressionsmechanismen durch eine Analyse des Stoßdämpferholzes bestimmt werden können, ist eine zuverlässige Ermittlung von Stoßdämpferkräften- und verformungen möglich. T2 - Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2011 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.05.2011 KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Transport KW - Stoßdämpfende Bauteile KW - FEM KW - Simulation PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-23851 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-Scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR®, V/TC Package Program, and Preliminary Results KW - Drop test KW - Package KW - Spent fuel cask KW - Transport PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-12269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Estimation of cask deceleration and impact limiter deformation under 9m drop test conditions using the calculation tool "Impactcalc" T2 - PATRAM 2007 The 15th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material CY - Miami, FL, USA DA - 2007-10-21 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16015 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Analytical and numerical impact limiter calculation methods; recent research results T2 - BAM - U.S. NRC Meeting CY - Rockville, MD, USA DA - 2007-10-18 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16295 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Estimation of cask deceleration and impact limiter deformation under 9m drop test conditions using the calculation tool “ImpactCalc” T2 - PATRAM 2007, 15th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Miami, Florida, USA DA - 2007-10-21 KW - Impact limiter KW - Calculation KW - Maximum deceleration KW - Maximum deformation PY - 2007 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management AN - OPUS4-17496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Using Scale Model Impact Limiter in the Type Assessment of Transport Casks for Radioactive Material T2 - PATRAM 2007, 15th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Miami, Florida, USA DA - 2007-10-21 KW - Impact limiter KW - Similarity KW - Scaling PY - 2007 IS - (Abstract # 86) SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management AN - OPUS4-17495 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor T1 - Approximation of package deceleration and shock absorber deformation under 9 m drop test conditions using simplified numerical tool ImpactCalc KW - Impact limiter KW - Calculation KW - Maximum deceleration KW - Maximum deformation PY - 2008 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 40 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-17499 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Scale model impact limiter in type assessment of radioactive material transport packages KW - Impact limiter KW - Shock absorber KW - Scaling KW - Radioactive KW - Material KW - Transport KW - Cask PY - 2008 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 57 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-17498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR V/TC Package - Program and Preliminary Results KW - Fallversuche KW - Transportbehälter für radioaktive Stoffe PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-6875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -