TY - JOUR A1 - Nxumalo, T. A1 - Akhdhar, A. A1 - Mueller, V. A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Cossmer, Antje A1 - Pfeifer, Jens A1 - Krupp, E. A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Kindness, A. A1 - Feldmann, J. T1 - EOF and target PFAS analysis in surface waters affected by sewage treatment effluents in Berlin, Germany N2 - Per- and polyfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants and can occur in surface and groundwater. To identify the degree of pollution in surface water with PFAS, often targeted HPLC–ESI–MS/MS has been employed in which commonly 30–40 compounds are analyzed. However, other PFAS and organofuorines remain undetected. We sampled surface water of the river Spree and the Teltow Canal in Berlin, Germany, which are afected by the efuent discharge of wastewater treatment plants. Here, we employed high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) for measuring extractable organofuorines (EOF) and compared in a mass balance approach the total fuorine to the identifed and quantifed PFAS from the targeted analysis. The analysis highlights that the EOF are in the range expected for an urban river system (Winchell et al. in Sci Total Environ 774, 2021). However, downstream of an efuent discharge, the EOF increased by one order of magnitude, e.g., 40.3 to 574 ng F L−1, along the Teltow Canal. From our target analytes, mostly short-chained perfuorinated carboxylic acids and sulfonates occur in the water, which however makes up less than 10% of the EOF. The increase in EOF in the Teltow Canal correlates well with the increase of perfuorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), indicating that PFHxA is characteristic for the discharged EOF but not responsible for the increase. Hence, it points to PFHxA precursor discharge. The study highlights that EOF screening using HR-CS-GFMAS is necessary to identify the full scale of pollution with regard to PFAS and other organofuorines such as pharmaceutical compounds from the efuent of WWTPs. KW - PFAS KW - WWTP KW - GF-MAS PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580341 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04500-x VL - 415 SP - 1195 EP - 1204 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-58034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hendriks, L. A1 - Brunjes, R. A1 - Taskula, S. A1 - Kocic, J. A1 - Hattendorf, B. A1 - Bland, G. A1 - Lowry, G. A1 - Bolea-Fernandez, E. A1 - Vanhaecke, F. A1 - Wang, J. A1 - Baalousha, M. A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Holbrook, T. A1 - Wagner, S. A1 - Harycki, S. A1 - Gundlach-Graham, A. A1 - von der Kammer, F. T1 - Results of an interlaboratory comparison for characterization of Pt nanoparticles using single-particle ICP-TOFMS N2 - This study describes an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) among nine (9) laboratories to evaluate and validate the standard operation procedure (SOP) for single-particle (sp) ICP-TOFMS developed within the context of the Horizon 2020 project ACEnano. The ILC was based on the characterization of two different Pt nanoparticle (NP) suspensions in terms of particle mass, particle number concentration, and isotopic composition. The two Pt NP suspensions were measured using icpTOF instruments (TOFWERK AG, Switzerland). Two Pt NP samples were characterized and mass equivalent spherical sizes (MESSs) of 40.4 ± 7 nm and 58.8 ± 8 nm were obtained, respectively. MESSs showed <16% relative standard deviation (RSD) among all participating labs and <4% RSD after exclusion of the two outliers. A good agreement was achieved between the different participating laboratories regarding particle mass, but the particle number concentration results were more scattered, with <53% RSD among all laboratories, which is consistent with results from previous ILC studies conducted using ICP-MS instrumentation equipped with a sequential mass spectrometer. Additionally, the capabilities of sp-ICP-TOFMS to determine masses on a particle basis are discussed with respect to the potential for particle density determination. Finally, because quasi-simultaneous multi-isotope and multielement determinations are a strength of ICP-TOFMS instrumentation, the precision and trueness of isotope ratio determinations were assessed. The average of 1000 measured particles yielded a precision of below ±1% for intensity ratios of the most abundant Pt isotopes, i.e. 194Pt and 195Pt, while the accuracy of isotope ratios with the lower abundant isotopes was limited by counting statistics. KW - ILC KW - spICP-MS KW - PtNP KW - Nanopartikel PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580353 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nr00435j SN - 2040-3364 VL - 15 IS - 26 SP - 11268 EP - 11279 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-58035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michail Ioannis, Chronakis A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Single cell-asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation/ICP-time of flight-mass spectrometry (sc-AF4/ICP-ToF-MS): an efficient alternative for the cleaning and multielemental analysis of individual cells N2 - Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4), as a cleaning technique, was combined on-line with the multielemental analytical capabilities of an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-ToF-MS). In that manner, the heavy ionic matrix effect of untreated cells' samples can be significantly reduced. As a proof of concept, commercial baker's yeast cells were analysed. KW - AF4 KW - Single Cell KW - Cleaning PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576419 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ja00264g SN - 0267-9477 VL - 37 IS - 12 SP - 2691 EP - 2700 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-57641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chronakis, Michail Ioannis A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Single cell-asymmetrical flow-field flow Fractionation-ICP-TOF-MS N2 - AF4 has been coupled to an ICP-ToF-MS and applied to the analysis of single cells. The result in an online cleaning technique that provides the multielemental profile of the sample on a single cell level. T2 - European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 29.01.2023 KW - AF4 KW - Single Cell KW - Cleaning PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57642 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chronakis, Michail Ioannis A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Faßbender, Sebastian A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - MDG-ICP-ToF-MS: A Versatile Tool for Quantification in the field of Single Particle ICP-MS Using Isotope Dilution N2 - In the interest of exploring their potential in the field of single particle analysis, a Microdroplet Generator (MDG) was coupled to an ICP-ToF-MS. Isotopic Dilution Analysis was also incorporated for the size determination of three different Platinum nanoparticles samples (50, 63 and 70 nm). The performance of the technique was validated by comparison to traditional size characterization techniques (sp-ICP-ToF-MS, TEM), while the robustness of the technique was proven by incorporating NaCl in the samples’ matrix, up to 100 mg/L. T2 - European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 29.01.2023 KW - MDG KW - Single Particle KW - Isotope Dilution PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Closing the PFAS gap – comparative study of sum parameter, non-target and target approaches N2 - Analytical Approaches for PFAS Analysis in the environment. T2 - ICOBTE & ICHMET 2023 CY - Wuppertal, Germany DA - 08.09.2023 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - LC-HRMS PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Analytical Approaches for PFAS Sum-parameter Analysis – from Materials to Environment N2 - PFAS analysis in environmental samples via complementary analytical apporaches. T2 - 16th Rio Symposium on Atomic Spectrometry CY - Bento Goncalves, Brazil DA - 29.11.2023 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - LC-HRMS PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59157 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taylor, Tristen L. A1 - Tukhmetova, Dariya A1 - Duong, Thi Phuong Thanh A1 - Böwe, Anna-Maria A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Gundlach-Graham, Alexander T1 - Comparative study of the vibrating capillary nebulizer (VCN) and commercially available interfaces for on-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis with ICP-MS N2 - Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful and sensitive tool for speciation analysis when combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); however, the performance of this technique can be limited by the nature of pneumatic nebulizers. This study compares two commercially available pneumatic nebulizers to a newly introduced vibrating capillary nebulizer (VCN) for on-line coupling of CE with ICP-MS. The VCN is a low-cost, non-pneumatic nebulizer that is based on the design of capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization. As a piezoelectrically driven nebulization source, the VCN creates an aerosol independent of gas flows and does not produce a low-pressure region at the nebulizer orifice. To compare the systems, we performed replicate analyses of sulfate in river water with each nebulizer and the same CE and ICP-MS instruments and determined the figures of merit of each setup. With the CE-VCN-ICP-MS setup, we achieved around 2–4 times lower sensitivity compared to the commercial setups. However, the VCN-based setup provided lower noise levels and better linear correlation from the analysis of calibration standards, which resulted in indistinguishable LOD and LOQ values from the in-house-built VCN-based and commercial setups for CE-ICP-MS analysis. The VCN is found to have the highest baseline stability with a standard deviation of 3500 cts s−1, corresponding to an RSD of 2.7%. High reproducibility is found with the VCN with a peak area RSD of 4.1% between 3 replicate measurements. KW - Speciation analysis KW - Analytical chemistry KW - Surface water PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05162-7 SN - 1618-2650 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59472 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - Rühl, Isabel A1 - Westphalen, Tanja A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Cossmer, Antje A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Investigating the uptake and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris): comparison between target MS and sum parameter analysis via HR-CS-GFMAS N2 - AbstractIn this study, we present a screening method based on molecular absorption spectrometry to study PFAS uptake and fate in plants. To evaluate the suitability of this method we analyzed plant extracts with molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) as well as liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for mass balance studies (w(F)). French bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were grown on soil spiked using eight PFAS substances that vary in chain length and functional group composition. Specifically, these include three short-chained (C4–C5), five long-chained (C7–C10) carboxylic acids, one sulfonic acid and one sulfonic amide moieties. To investigate substance-specific PFAS uptake systematically, PFAS were spiked as single substance spike. Additionally, we studied one mixture of the investigated substances in equal proportions regarding w(F) and four PFAS mixtures of unknown composition. After 6 weeks, the plants were separated into four compartments. We analyzed the four compartments as well as the soil for extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) by high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace-molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) as well as for sum of ten target-PFAS by LC–MS/MS. All three short-chained PFAS perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutanoic sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) were determined in high concentrations mainly in the fruits of the investigated plants while long-chained PFAS perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were mainly determined in roots. PFBS was determined in remarkably high concentrations in leaves compartment by both quantification methods. Overall, comprehensive results of single substance spikes were in good agreement for both methods except for a few cases. Hence, two phenomena were identified: for mixed PFAS spikes of unknown composition huge differences between EOF and sum of target PFAS were observed with systematically higher EOF values. Overall, both methods indicate comparable results with MS being more reliable for known PFAS contamination and MAS being more valuable to identify PFAS exposure of unknown composition. Graphical Abstract KW - Pollution PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-589394 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00811-7 VL - 35 IS - 104 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-58939 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, H. A1 - Zak, D. A1 - Zableckis, N. A1 - Cossmer, Antje A1 - Langhammer, Nicole A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Lennartz, B. T1 - Water pollution risks by smoldering fires in degraded peatlands N2 - Climate change may increase the overall susceptibility of peatlands to fire. Smoldering fires in peatlands can cause substantial emissions of greenhouse gases. It is, however, less clear how smoldering affects the soil pore water quality. In this study, soil samples were collected from agricultural fen and disturbed bog study sites in Germany and Lithuania to quantify the effect of peat burning on pore water composition. The samples were air dried and smoldered under ignition temperature (approximately 200 °C) with different durations (0, 2, 5, and 10 h). Pore water samples were extracted from the soil to determine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions, fluoride, extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF), and sulfate concentrations. The results showed that soil smoldering changes the peat pore water chemistry and that changes differ between fens and bogs. The smoldering duration is likewise influential. For fen grasslands, 2 and 5 h of smoldering of peat caused a >10-fold increase in DOC (up to 1600 mg L−1) and EOF concentrations. The fluoride (up to 60 mg L−1) and sulfate concentrations substantially exceededWHOdrinking water guidelines. In contrast, the temperature treatment decreased theDOC concentrations of samples from raised bogs by 90 %. The fluoride concentrations decreased, but sulfate concentrations increased after smoldering of the bog samples. DOC, fluoride, and sulfate concentrations of bogs varied significantly between the smoldering duration treatments. For all peat samples, the extracted DOMwas dominated by humic-like substances before smoldering, but the fraction of low molecular weight substances increased after smoldering combustion. In conclusion, smoldering alters the biogeochemical processes in both peatland types and possibly impair the water quality of adjacent water resources especially in fen peat landscapes. KW - Smoldering fires KW - Fluoride KW - Peatlands KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Pore water quality PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161979 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 871 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-56990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Single cell ICP-ToF-MS as a powerful tool in environmental and material research N2 - Materials are key for our modern communities. In particular metals play important roles in all areas of our daily life - from building materials to high tech products. Due to the increasing consumption of metals and corresponding waste production, an elevated release into the environment takes place. Furthermore, metals in direct contact with the environment undergo corrosion leading to a release into the (aquatic) environment. Thus, lifespan of products/buildings are substantially reduced – hence unnecessary economic costs arise. Thus, research in this regard is needed within the force field of metal/material - environment. Evaluating the environmental impact of materials as well as developing “safe” materials, new analytical methods are highly needed. One promising powerful tool is single cell-ICP-ToF-MS for multi-elemental analysis on a single cell/organism level. Within this presentation the concept, strength as well as challenge of single cell-ICP-MS are briefly introduced. Two application examples are presented: (i) assessing the environmental impact of metals and (ii) the impact of the environment on metal-based materials and the derivation of potential environmental-friendly material protection strategies. These applications highlight the strength of new analytical approaches to explore the durability and safety of newly developed materials. Thus, analytical chemistry is one corner stone to transformation of modern society into circular economy (CEco). (i) Diatoms are located at the bottom of the food chain. Thus, toxicological relevant metals taken up by diatoms possibly accumulate within the food web causing harmful effects. Diatoms are common test system in ecotoxicology. To investigate potential metal uptake and effects, we developed an on-line single cell-ICP-ToF-MS approach for multi-elemental diatom analysis. Our approach is a new potential tool in ecotoxicological testing for metal-based materials. (ii) Next to classical corrosion processes, microorganisms are responsible for so called microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is a highly unpredictable process relying on interaction pathways between cells and the metal surface. Sheding light on MIC processes and derivate potential protection strategies, we applied single cell-ICP-ToF-MS for MIC research on a single bacteria/archaea level. It turned out that microorganism are taking up particular metals from alloys - thus, single bacteria-ICP-ToF-MS will enable development of corrosion protection strategies. T2 - SCIX 2022 CY - Cincinnati, OH, USA DA - 02.10.2022 KW - Single cell-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Algae KW - MIC PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56542 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -