TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Effect of cultivar and soil type on composition and activity of the methanogenic archaeal community inhabiting rice roots T2 - 9th Symposium on Bageco 9 CY - Wernigerode, Germany DA - 2007-06-23 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15014 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shrestha, P.M. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Liesack, W. T1 - Phylogenetic identity, growth-response time and rRNA operon copy number of soil bacteria indicate different stages of community succession N2 - Bacterial community succession corresponds to changes in the phylogenetic identity, growth-response time and rRNA operon (rrn) copy number of culturable populations. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bacterial fractions culturable from the oxic zone of flooded, unplanted paddy soil microcosms after 1-day (early succession) and 70-day (late succession) incubation periods. The proportion of bacteria that was cultivable on solid media corresponded for early and late succession to 37–40% and 31–35% of total DAPI cell counts, which were 7.40 (±0.36) × 108 and 5.54 (±0.28) × 108 cells per gram of dry soil, respectively. In colony-forming curve analysis, late successional bacteria showed a significant delay in their growth response compared with those from early succession. A total of 59 early successional isolates grouped into 16 species-level clusters (SLC) plus three Bacilli-like SLC, while 66 late successional isolates formed 25 SLC plus five Bacilli-like SLC. Except Bacilli-like spp., isolates from early succession always belonged to different SLC than those from late succession. Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were typical of the early stage, while Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria prevailed in late succession. Considering all SLC except those assigned to Bacilli, growth-response time and rrn copy number were significantly correlated with successional stage. Isolates of most early successional SLC (14 of 16) formed visible colonies within 1 (11 SLC) or 2 days (three SLC) and contained = 4 rrn copies. In contrast, isolates of late successional SLC (23 of 25) formed visible colonies within 2 days (four SLC) or, in most cases, only within 3–15 days (19 SLC) and contained = 2 rrn copies. Regardless of whether isolated from early or late succession, Bacilli-like isolates always showed a colony-forming time of 2 days and had 9–11 rrn copies. KW - Paddy soil KW - Oxic zone KW - Succession KW - Cultivation KW - Bacterial community PY - 2007 SN - 1462-2912 SN - 1462-2920 VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - 2464 EP - 2474 PB - Blackwell Science CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-15785 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shrestha, M. A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Shrestha, P.M. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Conrad, R. T1 - Activity and composition of methanotrophic bacterial communities in planted rice soil studied by flux measurements, analyses of pmoA gene and stable isotope probing of phospholipid fatty acids N2 - Methanotrophs in the rhizosphere of rice field ecosystems attenuate the emissions of CH4 into the atmosphere and thus play an important role for the global cycle of this greenhouse gas. Therefore, we measured the activity and composition of the methanotrophic community in the rhizosphere of rice microcosms. Methane oxidation was determined by measuring the CH4 flux in the presence and absence of difluoromethane as a specific inhibitor for methane oxidation. Methane oxidation started on day 24 and reached the maximum on day 32 after transplantation. The total methanotrophic community was analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and cloning/sequencing of the pmoA gene, which encodes a subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase. The metabolically active methanotrophic community was analysed by stable isotope probing of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA-SIP) using 13C-labelled CH4 directly added to the rhizospheric region. Rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected after exposure to 13CH4 for 8 and 18 days. Both T-RFLP/cloning and PLFA-SIP approaches showed that type I and type II methanotrophic populations changed over time with respect to activity and population size in the rhizospheric soil and on the rice roots. However, type I methanotrophs were more active than type II methanotrophs at both time points indicating they were of particular importance in the rhizosphere. PLFA-SIP showed that the active methanotrophic populations exhibit a pronounced spatial and temporal variation in rice microcosms. KW - Methane oxidation KW - Active methanotrophs KW - Rice microcosms KW - PLFA KW - pmoA gene PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01462.x SN - 1462-2912 SN - 1462-2920 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 400 EP - 412 PB - Blackwell Science CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-16493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conrad, R. A1 - Klose, M. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Kemnitz, D. A1 - Bodelier, P.L.E. T1 - Soil type links microbial colonization of rice roots to methane emission N2 - Most of the methane (CH4) emission from rice fields is derived from plant photosynthates, which are converted to CH4. Rice cluster I (RC-1) archaea colonizing the rhizosphere were found to be the methanogens responsible for this process. Hence, RC-1 methanogens seem to play a crucial role in emission of the greenhouse gas CH4. We determined the community composition and activity of methanogens colonizing the roots of eight different rice cultivars after growth on both Italian rice soil and river bank soil, which contained different communities of methanogenic archaea. The community composition was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and cloning/sequencing of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene and the mcrA gene coding for a subunit of the methyl coenzyme M reductase. When grown on rice field soil, the methanogenic community of the different rice cultivars was always dominated by RC-1 methanogens. In contrast, roots were colonized by Methanomicrobiales when grown on river bank soil, in which RC-1 methanogens were initially not detectable. Roots colonized with Methanomicrobiales compared with RC-1 exhibited lower CH4 production and CH4 emission rates. The results show that the type of methanogens colonizing rice roots has a potentially important impact on the global CH4 cycle. KW - Gene sequence KW - Methane emission KW - Methanomicrobiales KW - Methyl coenzyme M reductase KW - Ribosomal RNA KW - Rice cluster I KW - Rice cultivar KW - Rice field soil KW - Rice root KW - Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01516.x SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 657 EP - 669 PB - Blackwell Science CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-16517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Succession of the fungal and bacterial community structure in spruce wood debris T2 - Jahrestagung der Vereinigung für Allgemeine und Angewandte Mikrobiologie CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2008-03-09 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-16727 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - High diazotrophic diversity in the forefield of a receding alpine glacier T2 - Jahrestagung der Vereinigung für Allgemeine und Angewandte Mikrobiologie CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2008-03-09 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-16728 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and long-life milk biofilms T2 - COST Exploratory Workshop "Biofilms - Friend or Foe?" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-06-22 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24218 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Incorporation of Listeria monocytogenes in a raw milk and ultra heat treated milk-biofilm T2 - Gordon Research Conference on Applied & Environmental Microbiology CY - South Hadley, MA, USA DA - 2011-07-10 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24223 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Temperature and gas evolution during large scale outside storage of wood chips N2 - The temperature and gas concentrations in a newly established pine-wood debris pile of 20 m × 15 m × 6 m in dimensions (approximately 400 tons of fresh weight material) were monitored for 150 days. Temperature was measured at ten different positions within the pile, while concentrations of CO2, O2, CO and CH4 were taken at four different representative locations. The pile was characterized by a strong temperature increase within the first 10– 12 days of storage. Results of the gas analysis in this period suggest that the temperature increase was caused by microbial processes. In particular, reduced oxygen concentration and almost complete absence of methane indicate mainly aerobic respiration processes. Effects of weather conditions on the temperature/gas distribution and time evolution are also discussed in the paper. KW - Wood KW - Storage KW - Temperature KW - Gas concentration PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0512-0 SN - 0018-3768 VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - 587 EP - 595 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-23849 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Naumann, Annette A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen uptake of hypholoma fasciculare and coexisting bacteria N2 - The white-rot fungus Hypholoma fasciculare coexists with a bacterial community that uses low-molecular weight carbon sources provided by fungal, extracellular enzyme activities. Since fungal development on wood is limited by the availability of nitrogen (N), bacteria could contribute to the N supply. To prove or disapprove an interaction in terms of N transfer, N sources of the fungus and the coexisting bacterial isolates were investigated, and the bacterial N2 fixation was quantified. Fungal, fungal—bacterial and bacterial wood decomposition was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass loss and surface pH. Microbial N preferences were investigated by elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In addition, diazotrophic activity was explored after cultivation under a 15N2/O2 atmosphere. Decomposition was similar with and without bacteria and both H. fasciculare and coexisting bacteria preferred reduced N species, such as urea, ammonium and organic N. In most of the bacteria, the 15N abundance in the biomass increased significantly but to a low extent if they were cultivated under a 15N2/O2 atmosphere. This effect is considered an artefact and attributed to adsorption rather than to bacterial N2 fixation activity. Hence, the bacteria coexisting with H. fasciculare rather competed for the same N sources than supported fungal N supply by diazotrophic activity. KW - Hypholoma fasciculare KW - Proteobacteria KW - Fungal-bacterial interaction KW - 15N2 fixation KW - FTIR-ATR spectroscopy KW - IRMS PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0834-x SN - 1617-416X SN - 1861-8952 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-28867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmalenberger, A. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Ojeda, J.J. A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Characterization of main sulfur source of wood-degrading basidiomycetes by S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) N2 - The main wood degraders in aerobic terrestrial ecosystems belong to the white- and brown-rot fungi, where their biomass can be created on wood decay only. However, total sulfur (S) concentration in wood is very low and only little is known about the different sulfur compounds in wood today. Sulfur-starved brown-rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Oligoporus placenta were incubated on sterilized pine wood blocks whereas Lentinus cyathiformis and the white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor were incubated on sterilized beech wood blocks. After 19 weeks of incubation, the S oxidation status was analyzed in wood, in degraded wood, and in biomass of wood-degrading fungi by synchrotron based S K-edge XANES, and total S and sulfate were quantified. Total sulfur and sulfate content in pine wood blocks were approximately 50 and 1 µg g-1, respectively, while in beech wood approximately 100 and 20 µg g-1 were found, respectively. Sulfur in beech was dominated by sulfate-esters. In contrast, pine wood also contained larger amounts of reduced S. Three out of four selected fungi caused a reduction of the S oxidation state in wood from oxidized S (sulfate-ester, sulfate) to intermediate S (sulfonate, sulfoxide) or reduced S (thiols, e.g., proteins, peptides, enzyme cofactors). Only O. placenta shifted thiol to sulfonate. Growth experiments of these fungi on selective minimal media showed that in particular cysteine (thiol), sulfonates, and sulfate enhanced total mycelium growth. Consequently, wood-degrading fungi were able to utilize a large variety of different wood S sources for growth but preferentially transformed in vivo sulfate-esters and thiol into biomass structures. KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Fungi KW - S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) KW - Sulfur oxidation status KW - Sulfate-esters PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.08.013 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 65 IS - 8 SP - 1215 EP - 1223 PB - Elsevier CY - Barking AN - OPUS4-27546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen sources of oligoporus placenta and trametes versicolor evaluated in a 2³ experimental plan N2 - Four full-factorial 2³ experimental plans were applied to evaluate the nitrogen (N) sources of Oligoporus placenta and Trametes versicolor and their interaction with the atmospheric N2-assimilating bacterium Beijerinckia acida. The effects of N from peptone, of sapwood and of N from gaseous N2 on fungal, bacterial and fungal–bacterial activity were investigated. The activities were determined by quantification of biomass, formation of CO2, consumption of O2 and laccase activity. The significance of each effect was tested according to t-test recommendation. The activity of both fungi was enhanced by peptone rather than sapwood or gaseous N2. Nevertheless, comparative studies under an N2-free gas mixture as well as under air revealed that the presence of N2 affected bacterial growth and bacterial–fungal cocultivations. Elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of the bacterial and fungal biomass enabled estimation of N transfer and underlined gaseous N2 as requisite for fungal–bacterial interactions. Combining full-factorial experimental plans with an analytical set-up comprising gas chromatography, IRMS and enzymatic activity allowed synergistic effects to be revealed, fungal N sources to be traced, and symbiotic fungal–bacterial interactions to be investigated. KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Diazotroph KW - Full-factorial experimental plan KW - Fungal–bacterial interaction KW - Nitrogen KW - Wood decomposition PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.002 SN - 1878-6146 SN - 1878-6162 VL - 116 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 89 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-25211 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Seasonal shifts of fungal community structure at the interface of treated or untreated wood and soil T2 - Jahrestagung der International research group on wood protection (IRG) CY - Biarritz, France DA - 2010-05-09 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21317 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naumann, Annette A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Material resistance of weathered wood-plastic composites against fungal decay N2 - Material performance testing of wood-plastic composites (WPC) requires adequate and time-efficient evaluation of the resistance against fungal colonisation and decay. This study investigates the effects of weathering on WPCs and subsequent material degradation by fungi. Weathering using UV radiation, water spray and repeated frost incidents caused micro- and macro-cracks. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated delignification of wood particles at the weathered WPC surface. Despite of increased surface area, accessibility for fungal hyphae and moisture content, weathering enhanced mass loss due to fungal decay only subtly but not significantly. These potentially enhancing effects for fungal decay are assumed to be outbalanced by delignification due to photo-oxidation and leaching of degradation products resulting in loss of nutrient sources essential for fungal growth. KW - Weathering KW - Fungal decay KW - Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflexion (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy KW - Microscopy KW - Wood-plastic composite (WPC) PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.08.004 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 75 SP - 28 EP - 35 PB - Elsevier CY - Barking AN - OPUS4-27670 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Stephan, Ina T1 - Seasonal shifts of fungal community structure at the interface of treated or untreated wood and soil T2 - 41st Annual meeting of the international research group on wood protection CY - Biarritz, France DA - 2010-05-09 KW - Fungal community KW - Chromated-copper-arsenate wood preservative (CCA) KW - Soil contact KW - Field test PY - 2010 IS - IRG/WP 10-10721 SP - 1 EP - 10 CY - Stockholm, Sweden AN - OPUS4-21329 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jakobs, Désirée A1 - Mathies, Helena A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Biodegradation of a biocide (Cu-N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide) component of a wood preservative by a defined soil bacterial community N2 - The wood protection industry has refined their products from chrome-, copper-, and arsenate-based wood preservatives toward solely copper-based preservatives in combination with organic biocides. One of these is Cu-HDO, containing the chelation product of copper and N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide (HDO). In this study, the fate of isotope-labeled (13C) and nonlabeled (12C) Cu-HDO incorporated in wood sawdust mixed with soil was investigated. HDO concentration was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The total carbon and the δ13C content of respired CO2, as well as of the soil-wood-sawdust mixture, were determined with an elemental analyzer-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer. The concentration of HDO decreased significantly after 105 days of incubation, and after 24 days the 13CO2 concentration respired from soil increased steadily to a maximum after 64 days of incubation. Phospholipid fatty acid-stable isotope probing (PFA-SIP) analysis revealed that the dominant PFAs C19:0d8,9, C18:0, C18:1ω7, C18:2ω6,9, C17:1d7,8, C16:0, and C16:1ω7 were highly enriched in their δ13C content. Moreover, RNA-SIP identified members of the phylum Acidobacteria and the genera Phenylobacterium and Comamonas that were assimilating carbon from HDO exclusively. Cu-HDO as part of a wood preservative effectively decreased fungal wood decay and overall microbial respiration from soil. In turn, a defined bacterial community was stimulated that was able to metabolize HDO completely. KW - 16S rRNA KW - Biocide KW - PLFA KW - Stable isotope probing KW - Soil KW - Wood preservative PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01092-10 SN - 0099-2240 VL - 76 IS - 24 SP - 8076 EP - 8083 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington, DC [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-22688 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naumann, Annette A1 - Seefeldt, Henrik A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Material resistance of flame retarded wood-plastic composites against fire and fungal decay N2 - Flame retarded wood-plastic composites (WPCs) should allow safe application in areas of fire risk. Halogen-free flame retardants can contain high amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus or sulphur, which may serve as nutrition source for wood degrading fungi and accelerate wood decay. Therefore, the material resistance of WPCs with each of four flame retardants against both fire or fungal decay was examined in comparison to WPC without flame retardant. Expandable graphite showed the best performance against fire in cone calorimetry and radiant panel testing. Two ammonium polyphosphates and a third nitrogen-containing flame retardant were not as effective. Contrary to the possibility that flame retardants might enhance fungal decay of WPC, the opposite effect occurred in case of the wood-degrading fungi Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana according to determination of mass loss and decrease of bending modulus of elasticity. Only the surface mould Alternaria alternata slightly increased the degradation of WPCs with nitrogen-containing flame retardants compared to WPC without flame retardant according to mass loss data and FTIR-ATR analyses. Finally, WPC including expandable graphite as flame retardant was effective against both fire and fungal decay. KW - Wood-plastic composite (WPC) KW - Flame retardants KW - Fire behaviour KW - Fungal decay KW - Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflexion (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy KW - Microscopy PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.031 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 97 IS - 7 SP - 1189 EP - 1196 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-26058 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -