TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Activities of Division "Inorganic Chemical Analysis; Reference Materials" of BAM in the Field of Analysis of Metals T2 - 9th International Conference on Ultra-High Purity Base Metals CY - Sendai, Japan DA - 2002-10-14 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3266 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - CCQM-K42 and P34.1: Constituents of an Al alloy T2 - CCQM Inorganic Analysis Working Group, CENAM (Centro Nacional de Metrología) CY - Querétaro, Mexico DA - 2004-10-27 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4407 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - High Purity Metals used as Primary Pure Calibration Materials: State of Development and Multielement Trace Determination in Zinc and Gold by HR ICP-MS T2 - 11th International Conference on Ultra-High Purity Base Metals, NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) CY - Gaithersburg, MD, USA DA - 2004-12-06 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - CCQM-P62: Purity analysis of nickel T2 - CCQM Inorganic Analysis Working Group, CENAM (Centro Nacional de Metrología) CY - Querétaro, Mexico DA - 2004-10-27 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - ICP-MS analysis of high purity molybdenum used as SI-traceable standard of high metrological quality N2 - The need, concept and technical approach for the certification of SI-traceable standards of high metrological quality for chemical analysis of the elements is briefly explained. As an example of problems occurring in the certification of these standards, special technical aspects related to the analysis of high purity Mo by ICP-MS, namely blank reduction for Na, Li and Ni by protective coating of the cones with silicon, as well as dealing with the interferences from the Mo matrix, are discussed. PY - 2005 UR - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16469686 SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-5483 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Multielement-Spurenbestimmung mit magnetisch stabilisierter Bogenanregung und optischer Emissionsspektrometrie T2 - Anwenderseminar direkte Feststoff-OES CY - Kempten, Germany DA - 2004-05-24 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5496 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Das Primäre Kalibriersystem der BAM für die Elementanalytik PY - 2003 SN - 0044-2658 IS - 4 SP - 179 EP - 189 PB - Gesellschaft Deutscher Metallhütten- und Bergleute CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld AN - OPUS4-6187 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Emons, H. A1 - Marriott, J. A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - ERM - A new landmark for reference materials KW - Europäische Referenzmaterialien KW - Europäische Zusammenarbeit PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2844-2 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 381 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 29 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-7300 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - EUROMET Project 724: Sulfur in fuel - Improvement of existing IDMS procedures T2 - EUROMET-METCHEM Meeting CY - Sofia, Bulgaria DA - 2004-02-10 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-7703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Kuxenko, Sandra A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Multielement trace determination in high purity advanced ceramics and high purity metals T2 - International Symposium on Ultrapure Materials (ISUPM) CY - Hyderabad, India DA - 2004-11-22 KW - Advanced ceramics KW - Pure metals KW - SS ET AAS KW - HR ICP-MS PY - 2005 SN - 0250-4707 SN - 0973-7669 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 361 EP - 366 PB - Indian Academy of Sciences CY - Bangalore AN - OPUS4-10889 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Schiel, D. A1 - Rienitz, O. T1 - Primäre Kalibriermaterialien für die Elementanalytik PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20030510714 SN - 1439-9598 SN - 1521-3854 VL - 51 IS - 7/8 SP - 827 EP - 829 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2582 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - BAM System of Primary Pure Elements - Aim and Current State T2 - Annual Meeting of Inorganic Working Group of CCQM CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 2002-10-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3713 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Current State-Progress Report of the CCQM Pilot Study P34 "Aluminium Alloy" T2 - Annual Meeting of Inorganic Working Group of CCQM CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 2002-10-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3714 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Metrologische Aktivitäten der Fachgruppe I.1 der BAM T2 - Expertentreffen BAM-PTB CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2002-11-04 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3715 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Activities of Division "Inorganic Chemical Analysis; Reference Materials" of BAM in the field Analysis of Materials T2 - The International Symposium on the Progress in Metal Science CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2002-10-17 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-2938 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Multielement trace determination in high purity advanced ceramics and in high purity metals (invited talk) N2 - Multielement trace determination in high purity advanced ceramics and in high purity metals Ralf Matschat, Hans-Joachim Heinrich, Michael Czerwensky, Sandra Kuxenko and Heinrich Kipphardt Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany Certified reference materials (CRMs) are of high importance to check the trueness of results in chemical analysis. In the field of advanced ceramics two CRMs were developed in the last years by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing - (BAM), one for silicon nitride and one for silicon carbide. The certification of these materials is briefly discussed in this contribution. Both CRMs are not of extremely high purity in the classical sense, but besides their application by industry they are appropriate to be used for the validation of special methods used for trace determination in accordant high purity materials. This is demonstrated for the example of ultrapure silicon carbide which was analyzed by solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (SS ET AAS). Wet chemical dissolution of this pure material typically introduces blanks which are too high for ultratrace analysis. Therefore SS ET AAS as a direct method was applied which does not need any wet chemical sample preparation. This method can be applied very effectively concerning sample throughput. But, as for all direct solid sampling methods, the calibration is a problem difficult to solve. By using the accordant CRM it could be demonstrated, that the calibration with liquid sample aliquots can be performed without affecting the trueness of the results. The analytical parameters and the performance of the method are discussed. Besides the so-called matrix CRMs, as reported for silicon nitride and silicon carbide, BAM is also certifying primary pure reference materials used as the National Standards for inorganic analysis in Germany. This work is performed in the frame of an extensive project in co?operation with the sister institute of BAM, the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The crucial point of this project is the certification of the purity of high purity materials, each representing one element of the periodic table. Up to now more than ten primary CRMs are certified or not far from being certified. A variety of different analytical methods was necessary to determine the trace contents of metallic and non-metallic impurities from almost the whole periodic table in the high purity materials. Using high purity copper as an example the application and the results of the different methods applied are demonstrated. Another example presented is high purity iron. In this context the very good comparability of the results from two different methods, used for the determination of metallic traces is demonstrated. One of these methods was the "working horse" - the sector field high resolution ICP mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS) mainly used in low resolution mode to exploit the good detection power and the other one was the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS), which was used to confirm the results of the HR ICP-MS. The analysis of pure molybdenum is presented as a third example. The problems of spectral matrix interference are discussed and different ways of their handling are pointed out. By this example it can also be demonstrated, how the coating of the inlet cones of the ICP mass spectrometer by matrix elements of solutions - which normally is an adverse effect - can be advantageously used to decrease the measured blank values of some analyte elements drastically. T2 - International Symposium on "Ultrapure Materials: Processing, Characterization and Applications" CY - Hyderabad, India DA - 2004-11-22 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dette, Angelika A1 - Guadagnino, E. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Sundberg, P. T1 - Certification of the mass fractions of total and hexavalent chromium in glass: a joint collaborative work in co-operation with BAM and ICG KW - Glasreferenzmaterial KW - Hexavalentes Chrom KW - Verpackungsverordnung PY - 2004 SN - 0391-4259 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 14 PB - Aurora Pubbl. CY - Venezia AN - OPUS4-11868 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Jährling, R. A1 - Schiel, D. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Gernand, W. A1 - Oeter, D. T1 - Rückführung in der Elementanalytik PY - 2005 SN - 0030-834X VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 295 EP - 299 PB - Wirtschaftsverl. NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-12056 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Schiel, D. A1 - Gernand, W. A1 - Oeter, D. T1 - Traceability system for elemental analysis N2 - A complete metrological traceability system for measurement results of chemical analysis was set up. Core components are pure substances (national standards) characterised at the highest metrological level, primary solutions prepared from these pure substances and secondary solutions deduced from the primary solutions and intended for sale. The relative uncertainty of the element mass fraction of the primary substances and solutions is < 0.01 and < 0.05%, respectively. For the certification of transfer solutions and for stability testing, a precision measurement method for element contents has been developed by means of optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) by which uncertainties between 0.1 and 0.05% can be achieved. The dissemination to field laboratories is effected with the aid of a calibration laboratory of the German Calibration Service (DKD) which certifies the element content of the secondary solutions with an uncertainty <= 0.3%. Calibration with these solutions enables the user to establish traceability of his measurement results to the International System of Units (SI). Currently, the system comprises Cu, Fe, Bi, Ga, Si, Na, K, Sn, W, and Pb. KW - Elemental analysis KW - Traceability KW - Elemental calibration solutions KW - Pure substances KW - Precision measurement of elements PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-005-0084-6 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 10 IS - 11 SP - 633 EP - 639 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12199 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Netzwerk "Metrologie in der Chemie" für zuverlässige Messergebnisse in der chemischen Analytik T2 - Analytica Conference CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2006-04-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12146 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hioki, A. A1 - Kurahashi, M. A1 - Turk, G. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - CCQM-K33 Final Report - Determination of minor elements in steel N2 - The key comparison CCQM-K33 was organized by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of the CCQM to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to measure the mass fractions of minor elements in steel. Elements to be analysed were Cr, Mn, Ni and Mo in low alloy steel. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) acted as the coordinating laboratories. The participants used various measurement methods, though many of them used ICP-AES. Generally speaking, the agreement of the results was very good for each measurand. PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/1A/08007 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 43 IS - Technical Supplement 1A 08007 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-12349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Hinrichs, J. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Application of glow discharge mass spectrometry to multielement ultra-trace determination in ultrahigh-purity copper and iron: a calibration approach achieving quantification and traceability N2 - A new approach was developed for quantitative calibration in GD-MS which can afford reliable and metrologically traceable results for many trace elements and was exemplified for pure copper and pure iron. It can be assumed that the technique can be further improved and applied to the analysis of other pure metals. Pressed copper and iron powder samples were used to calibrate the glow discharge mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of pure copper and iron. The new type of glow discharge mass spectrometer—the Element GD (Thermo Electron Corporation)—was used with a Grimm-type discharge cell for flat samples. Two series of powder samples were prepared for each of the copper and iron matrixes. The powders were quantitatively doped with solutions of graduated and defined concentrations of 40 or 20 analytes, respectively. The mass fractions of the analytes in the dried and homogenized metal powder samples ranged from µg/kg levels up to 10 mg/kg levels. A special technique was developed to press the samples and to form mechanically stable pellets with low risk of contamination. Ion beam ratios of analyte ions to matrix ions were used as measurands. The calibration curves were determined and the linear correlation coefficients were calculated for different intervals of the curves. The linear correlation coefficients are very satisfactory for most of the calibration curves, which include the higher segments of mass fractions; however, they are less satisfactory for the lower segments of the calibration curves. Nevertheless, in many cases rather acceptable and rather promising values were achieved even for these lower segments, representing mass fractions of analytes at ultra-trace level. The comparison of the certified values of different reference materials with the measured values based on calibrations with the pressed powder samples led to deviations less than 30% for most of the considered examples. KW - Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) KW - High-purity copper KW - High-purity iron KW - Doped and pressed metal powder samples KW - Grimm-type cell KW - Metrological traceability PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0645-5 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 386 IS - 1 SP - 125 EP - 141 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Application of Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry to the Multielement Ultra-Trace Determination in Ultrahigh Purity Copper and Iron - a Way of Calibration to Achieve Qualification and Traceability T2 - International Conference on Ultrahigh Purity Base Metals, UHPM 2005 CY - Nagasaki, Japan DA - 2005-11-07 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-10953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guadagnino, E. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Dette, Angelika A1 - Sundberg, P. T1 - Certification of the mass fractions of trace elements in glass to be used for multi-element determination by XRF: a joint collaborative work in cooperation between BAM and ICG KW - Glasreferenzmaterial KW - Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse KW - Multielementspurenbestimmung PY - 2005 SN - 0391-4259 IS - 4 SP - 5 EP - 16 PB - Aurora Pubbl. CY - Venezia AN - OPUS4-11665 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - The importance of well characterized high-purity metals in the field of analytical chemistry - first attempt of international harmonization at highest metrological level T2 - 13th International Conference on ultra high-purity base metals, BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-11 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13486 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim A1 - Pattberg, S. A1 - Barrault, Eric A1 - Matschat, Ralf ED - Carla Vogt, ED - Rainer Wennrich, ED - Gerhard Werner, T1 - Elementspurenanalytik an höchstreinen Säuren mit GF-AAS und mit HR-ICP-MS T2 - CANAS `97 - Colloquium Analytische Atomspektroskopie CY - Freiberg, Deutschland DA - 1997-03-09 KW - GF-AAS KW - Anreicherung im Graphitrohr KW - HR-ICP-MS KW - Reinstsäuren KW - Subboiling-Destillation PY - 1998 SN - 0945-2524 SP - 421 EP - 430 CY - Leipzig AN - OPUS4-15830 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Investigations on Freon-assisted atomization of refractory analytes (Cr, Mo, Ti, V) in multielement electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry N2 - Premixed 1% Freon in argon inner gas of various composition (CCl2F2, CHClF2, CHF3) was applied to graphite furnace atomizer to minimize unfavorable effects of carbide formation, such as signal tailing and memory effects in the simultaneous determination of Cr, Mo, Ti and V refractory analytes by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using a multielement atomic absorption spectrometer. The effect of these gaseous additives was investigated when applied separately in atomization, pyrolysis and clean-out steps. The halogenation effects were analytically useful only under the precondition of using Ar–H2 outer gas to the furnace to all heating steps, and also using this gas in the pre-atomization (drying, pyrolysis) steps. Optimum analytical performance was obtained when mixtures of 1% Freon in argon were applied just before and during the atomization step at a flow rate of 50 mL min- 1 and 2% hydrogen was used as purge gas. Using optimum conditions, signal tailings and carry-over contamination were reduced effectively and good precision (relative standard deviation below 1%) could be attained. Applying 1% CHClF2 and an atomization temperature of 2550 °C, the characteristic masses obtained for simple aqueous solutions were 8.8 pg for Cr, 17 pg for Mo, 160 pg for Ti, and 74 pg for V. The limits of detection were 0.05, 0.2, 2.3 and 0.5 µg L- 1 for Cr, Mo, Ti and V, respectively. The developed method was applied to the analysis of digests of advanced ceramics. The accuracy of the procedure was confirmed by analyzing the certified reference material ERM-ED 102 (Boron Carbide Powder) and a silicon nitride powder distributed in the inter-laboratory comparison CCQM-P74. KW - Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry KW - Refractory analytes KW - Carry-over contamination KW - Halogenation KW - Freon PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2007.06.006 SN - 0584-8547 SN - 0038-6987 VL - 62 IS - 8 SP - 807 EP - 816 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-15833 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Untersuchungen zur Multielement-Spurenanalytik von Siliciumnitridpulver durch Mikrowellen-Druckaufschluss und atomspektrometrische Detektion T2 - CANAS '99, Colloquium Analytische Atomspektroskopie CY - Konstanz, Germany DA - 1999-03-14 PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-15936 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Einsatz unterschiedlicher atomspektrometrischer Methoden und Techniken zur Elementspurenanalytik ausgewählter Reinststoff-Kalibriersubstanzen T2 - Analytica '96 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 1996-04-23 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-16010 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Rückführbare Messungen zur Multielement-Spurenbestimmung in reinen Metallen mit dem neuen Glimmentladungs-Massenspektrometer Element-GD T2 - GDMB-Hauptsitzung CY - Geisenheim, Germany DA - 2007-11-06 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16213 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - BAM system of primary pure standards for elemental analysis - potential contributions of GD-MS calibrated in a new traceable way T2 - Herbstsitzung der IAWG des CCQM am NIST CY - Charleston, SC, USA DA - 2007-10-01 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16215 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiel, D. A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Jährling, R. A1 - Güttler, B. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Scharf, Holger A1 - Birkhahn, Jürgen A1 - Labarraque, G. A1 - Fisicaro, P. A1 - Borchers, U. A1 - Schwesig, D. T1 - Metrological concept for comparable measurement results under the European water framework directive: demonstration of its applicability in elemental analysis N2 - Within the scope of a project of the 'European Association of National Metrology Institutes' (EURAMET), a European metrological dissemination System (network) providing traceable reference values assigned to matrix materials for validation purposes is described and put to the test. It enables testing laboratories (TL) to obtain comparable results for measurements under the 'EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC' (WFD) and thus, to comply with a core requirement of this very directive. The dissemination system is characterized by the fact that it is available to all laboratories throughout Europe which intend to perform measurements in the context of the WFD and that it can ensure sustainable metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI) as a reference point for the measurement results. This Dissemination system is set up in a hierarchical manner and links up the level of the national metrology institutes (NMI) with that of the TLs via an intermediate level of calibration laboratories (CL) by comparison measurements. The CLs are expert laboratories with respect to the measurement of the analytes considered here (within the project, the CLs are called potential calibration laboratories (PCL)) and are additionally involved in the organization of comparison measurements within the scope of regional quality assurance (QA) systems. Three comparison measurements have been performed to support the approach. A total of about 130 laboratories participated in this exercise with the focus on the measurement of the priority substances Pb, Cd, Hg, and Ni defined in the WFD. The elemental concentrations in the water samples roughly corresponded to one of the established environmental quality standards (EQS), the annual average concentration (AA-EQS), which is defined in the daughter Directive 2008/105/EC of the WFD. It turned out that a significant number of TLs still need to improve their measurement methods in order to be able to fulfill the Minimum requirements of the WFD, in particular, with regard to the elements Cd and Hg probably due to their low EQS values. Furthermore, it became obvious that the hierarchical Dissemination system suggested here actually corresponds to the measuring capabilities of the three participating Groups (NMIs, PCLs, and TLs). KW - Metrology KW - Metrological traceability KW - Comparability KW - Elemental analysis KW - Water framework directive PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-011-0792-z SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 16 IS - 10 SP - 489 EP - 498 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-24485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Measurement of oxygen and nitrogen in high purity metals used as national standards for elemental analysis in Germany by classical carrier gas hot extraction (HE) and HE after activation with photons N2 - The special importance of the analysis of non-metals in high purity metals, which will serve as national standards for elemental analysis in Germany, is illustrated for oxygen and nitrogen. The typical range of the mass fraction of oxygen and nitrogen in these materials is below 10.MU.g/g, often close to 1.MU.g/g. The two methods applied at BAM for these measurements are classical carrier gas hot extraction (HE) and carrier gas hot extraction after activation with photons (PAA-HE). The approach, the methods and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Comparative results from the measurement of oxygen and nitrogen in Cu, Fe, Ga, Pb, Sn and W are presented. (author abst.) T2 - 8th International Conference on Ultra-High Purity Base Metals (UHPM-2001) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2001-06-25 KW - Oxygen determination KW - Nitrogen determination KW - High purity metals KW - Carrier gas hot extraction KW - Photon activation analysis PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.98 SN - 1345-9678 SN - 1347-5320 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 98 EP - 100 PB - Japan Institute of Metals CY - Sendai AN - OPUS4-1361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Kuxenko, Sandra A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Auf dem Weg zu rückführbaren Standards für die Elementanalytik - Element-Spurenanalyse in Reinstkupfer KW - Reinstkupfer KW - Elementspurenanalytik KW - Standards KW - Rückführbarkeit PY - 2002 SN - 0016-3538 IS - 6 SP - 718 EP - 720 PB - GIT-Verlag CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-1452 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Development of SI-traceable standards of high metrological quality for chemical analysis of the elements T2 - 12th Euroanalysis ; 12th European Conference on Analytical Chemistry CY - Dortmund, Germany DA - 2002-09-08 PY - 2002 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 375 IS - 8, P1-018 SP - 198 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Development of SI-traceable standards of high metrological quality for chemical analysis of the elements T2 - Towards an integrated infrastructure for measurements CY - Warszawa, Poland DA - 2002-06-18 PY - 2002 SP - 66 EP - 67 AN - OPUS4-1631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - BAM System of Primary Pure Elements - Aim and Current State T2 - CCQM Annual Meeting of Inorganic Working Group CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 2002-10-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1603 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - The measurement of O and N by classical carrier gas hot extraction (HE) - Carrier gas hot extraction after activation with photons T2 - CENAM CY - Mexico City, Mexico DA - 2002-01-28 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Preparation of primary calibration substances - method development for trace analysis T2 - CENAM CY - Mexico City, Mexico DA - 2002-01-28 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1611 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Pattberg, S. A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim A1 - Tutschku, S. T1 - High Purity Metals as Primary Calibration Materials for Elemental Analysis - Their Importance and Their Certification N2 - The Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung, BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) continues to establish a system of primary reference materials to meet the demands of metrological traceability. The materials act as national standards in the field of elemental analysis. For all elements of the periodic table -excepting those that are gases or radioactive- two different kinds of reference materials are being certified. The substances are of very high purity and of defined stoichiometry. Pure elements and metals are used as far as possible. They are certified by determining the trace contents of most elements of the periodic table at very low levels using different trace element analysis methods. Recent application of these methods is described and examples of the certification of some pure metals (copper, iron and lead) are given. (author abst.) T2 - 8th International Conference on Ultra-High Purity Base Metals (UHPM-2001) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2001-06-25 KW - Trace elemental analysis KW - Atomic spectrometry KW - High purity metals KW - Certification KW - Primary calibration materials KW - Reference materials KW - National standards PY - 2002 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235927297_High_purity_metals_as_primary_calibration_materials_for_elemental_analysis_-_Their_importance_and_their_certification SN - 1345-9678 SN - 1347-5320 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 90 EP - 97 PB - Japan Institute of Metals CY - Sendai AN - OPUS4-1600 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Noack, Siegfried ED - Abiko, K. ED - Takaki, S. T1 - Activities of Division "Inorganic Chemical Analysis; Reference Materials" of BAM in the Field of Analysis of Metals T2 - 9th international conference on ultrahigh-purity base metals CY - Sendai, Japan DA - 2002-10-14 PY - 2002 SP - 297 EP - 302 CY - Sendai AN - OPUS4-1602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Hedrich, Martina ED - Hirschfeld, D. T1 - Messung von Sauerstoff und Stickstoff mit klassischer Trägergasheißextraktion und Trägergasheißextraktion nach Aktivierung mit Photonen für die nationalen primären Kalibriernormale T2 - 8. Symposium Nichtmetalle in Metallen - NIM ; 8. Tagung des Gemeinschaftsausschusses "Nichtmetalle in Metallen" der GDMB CY - Münster, Deutschland DA - 2000-03-16 PY - 2000 SN - 3-9806913-1-4 SP - 19 EP - 27 PB - GDMB, Ges. für Bergbau, Metallurgie, Rohstoff- und Umwelttechnik CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld AN - OPUS4-915 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gopala, Anil A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Process methodology for the small scale production of m6N5 purity zinc using a resistance heated vacuum distillation system N2 - Ultra high purity Zn (m6N5) was obtained through triple vacuum distillation using an m4N5 Zn as input material. High-volatile impurities were removed from the zinc matrix by vacuum evaporation, while traces having lower volatility than the matrix remained in the residual material after finishing of the entire purification process. The time required for the removal of the main high-volatile impurity (Cd) was monitored using a connected gas source mass spectrometer. During distillation the Zn vapor of the distillate was condensed on the cap of a glassy carbon crucible which was water cooled by a movable copper block. The temperatures were optimized for the removal of the volatiles and for the distillation process using vapor pressure data. High resolution glow discharge mass spectrometry was applied for the analysis and purity evaluation of the distilled and input zinc. The analysis confirmed the reduction of the metallic impurities from 43 mg kg-1 to 0.5 mg kg-1 (m6N5) after three consecutive vacuum distillations. An increase in the grain size and a decrease in the micro-hardness were observed for the purified Zn material. KW - Ultra high purity KW - Vacuum distillation KW - High resolution glow discharge mass KW - Spectrometry KW - Micro-hardness KW - Zinc KW - Purification PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.02.080 SN - 0254-0584 VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 151 EP - 155 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-21127 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Haßler, J. A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Dette, Angelika T1 - Multielement trace determination in SiC powders: assessment of interlaboratory comparisons aimed at the validation and standardization of analytical procedures with direct solid sampling based on ETV ICP OES and DC arc OES N2 - The members of the committee NMP 264 Chemical analysis of non-oxidic raw and basic materials of the German Standards Institute (DIN) have organized two interlaboratory comparisons for multielement determination of trace elements in silicon carbide (SiC) powders via direct solid sampling methods. One of the interlaboratory comparisons was based on the application of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with electrothermal vaporization (ETV ICP OES), and the other on the application of optical emission spectrometry with direct current arc (DC arc OES). The interlaboratory comparisons were organized and performed in the framework of the development of two standards related to the determination of mass fractions of metallic impurities in powders and grain sizes of ceramic raw and basic materials by both methods. SiC powders were used as typical examples of this category of material. The aim of the interlaboratory comparisons was to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of both analytical methods to be standardized. This was an important contribution to the practical applicability of both draft standards. Eight laboratories participated in the interlaboratory comparison with ETV ICP OES and nine in the interlaboratory comparison with DC arc OES. Ten analytes were investigated by ETV ICP OES and eleven by DC arc OES. Six different SiC powders were used for the calibration. The mass fractions of their relevant trace elements were determined after wet chemical digestion. All participants followed the analytical requirements described in the draft standards. In the calculation process, three of the calibration materials were used successively as analytical samples. This was managed in the following manner: the material that had just been used as the analytical sample was excluded from the calibration, so the five other materials were used to establish the calibration plot. The results from the interlaboratory comparisons were summarized and used to determine the repeatability and the reproducibility (expressed as standard deviations) of both methods. The calculation was carried out according to the related standard. The results are specified and discussed in this paper, as are the optimized analytical conditions determined and used by the authors of this paper. For both methods, the repeatability relative standard deviations were <25%, usually ~10%, and the reproducibility relative standard deviations were <35%, usually ~15%. These results were regarded as satifactory for both methods intended for rapid analysis of materials for which decomposition is difficult and time-consuming. Also described are some results from an interlaboratory comparison used to certify one of the materials that had been previously used for validation in both interlaboratory comparisons. Thirty laboratories (from eight countries) participated in this interlaboratory comparison for certification. As examples, accepted results are shown from laboratories that used ETV ICP OES or DC arc OES and had performed calibrations by using solutions or oxides, respectively. The certified mass fractions of the certified reference materials were also compared with the mass fractions determined in the interlaboratory comparisons performed within the framework of method standardization. Good agreement was found for most of the analytes. KW - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry KW - Electrothermal vaporization KW - ETV ICP OES KW - Direct current optical emission spectrometry KW - DC arc OES KW - Direct solid sampling technique KW - Silicon carbide powder KW - Method validation KW - Method standardization KW - Direkte Feststoffanalytik KW - Normung KW - Methodenvalidierung KW - Ringversuche KW - Siliciumcarbid PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-3415-x SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 383 IS - 7-8 SP - 1060 EP - 1074 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-10890 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Investigation of a transparent glass ceramics concerning the identification as a strange material in glass cullet T2 - Meeting international Commission in Glas (ICG) - Technical Committee 2 (TC-2) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-04-27 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12383 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Britta A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Czerwensky, Michael A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Michaelis, Matthias A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Analysis of pure copper - a comparison of analytical mehods KW - Pure copper KW - Elemental analytical mehtods KW - Reference material KW - Sample dissolution PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-007-0849-1 SN - 0026-3672 SN - 1436-5073 VL - 160 SP - 97 EP - 107 PB - Springer CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-17565 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Metrology in chemistry - a rocky road N2 - The application of metrology in chemical analysis is today hampered by psychological and practical barriers. The argumentation is based on the differences in physical and chemical metrology, which arises mainly from the objects of the measurements. The term “measurement” is discussed in the realm of analytical chemistry with a special focus on the inherent relation between chemical identification and determination as well as the consequent use of the concept of traceability and uncertainty. KW - Metrology in chemistry KW - Chemical analysis KW - Traceability KW - Uncertainty PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-007-0909-6 SN - 0026-3672 SN - 1436-5073 VL - 162 IS - 1-2 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - Springer CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-17727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gusarova, Tamara A1 - Hofmann, T. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Venzago, C. A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Comparison of different calibration strategies for the analysis of zinc and other pure metals by using the GD-MS instruments VG 9000 and element GD N2 - Synthetic pressed metal powder standards doped with standard solutions were used for the calibration of both commercially available high resolution GD-MS instruments Element GD and VG 9000 for zinc matrix. Different quantification procedures (IBR, Standard RSF, matrix matched RSF from the calibration with CRMs and use of doped synthetic standards) are compared using zinc matrix as an example, whereas the calibration with doped pellets turned out to be the best quantification technique for high-purity materials. The applicability of the Standard RSF concept is scrutinised. In this context, RSF values for several Matrices (Co, Cu, Fe, In and Zn) are reported additionally. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b921649a SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 SP - 314 EP - 321 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-22376 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Rückführbare Messungen zur Multielement-Spurenbestimmung metallischer und nichtmetallischer Analyten in Reinstmetallen mit dem Glimmentladungs-Massenspektrometer Element-GD T2 - Das 14. Deutsche GDS-Anwendertreffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-04-17 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17726 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gopala, Anil A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Use of mass spectrometric detection as a versatile process monitoring tool: reduction patterns in a milled ZnO/Al mixture N2 - Mass spectrometric detection can play a prominent role in the assessment of different reactions occurring at varied temperatures in a milled ZnO/Al mixture. This is the first time that online mass spectrometric information was used as a tool for monitoring and understanding the chemical reduction process mechanism. We have observed four different types of reaction taking place: (1) distillation of Zn metal, (2) reduction of ZnO by activated Al, (3) melting of Al and finally (4) reduction of ZnO by inactivated Al. The experimental conditions and results observed by QMS were supported with literature data and physical measurement data from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) which gave us an idea about the complex reaction cascade which occurred during the formation of the zinc metal. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ay00057d SN - 1759-9660 SN - 1759-9679 VL - 2 SP - 451 EP - 454 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-21291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -