TY - CONF A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz A1 - Bhatia, Riya A1 - Dey, Rohit A1 - Ullrich, Matthias S. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Phosphor-enriched wastewater products as sustainable flame retardant in PLA N2 - Revolutionizing our polymer industry for adaption to a sustainable carbon circular economy has become one of today’s most demanding challenges. Exploiting renewable resources to replace fossil-fuel—based plastics with biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is inevitable while using waste streams as a raw material resource at least is promising. When it comes to using PLA as technical polymer, its high flammability must be addressed by flame retardants compatible with the thermoplastic processing of PLA and its compostability. This study proposes microalgae enriched with phosphorus from wastewater (P-Algae) as an elegant way towards a kind of sustainable organophosphorus flame retardant. The concept is demonstrated by investigating the processing, pyrolysis, flammability, and fire behavior of PLA/P-Algae, while varying the P-Algae content and comparing P-Algae with four alternative bio-fillers (phosphorylated lignin, biochar, thermally treated sewage sludge, and metal phytate) with different P-contents as meaningful benchmarks. T2 - EcoFRam2024 CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 22.05.2024 KW - PLA KW - Flame retardancy KW - Phosphorylated algae KW - Wastewater flame retardants KW - Zink phytate KW - Phosphorylated lignin KW - Thermally treated sludge PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60142 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz A1 - Dural, Esra A1 - Dey, R. A1 - Ullrich, M. S. A1 - Huth, Christian A1 - Thomson, C. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Together We Can: Synergistic Flame Retardancy by Melamine Polyphosphate and Phosphorylated Microalgae in Polylactide Biocomposites N2 - A strategy for enhancing the sustainable flame retardancy of polylactide (PLA) composites by partially replacing melamine polyphosphate (MPP), a commercial flame retardant proposed for PLA, with wastewater polyphosphate-enriched microalgae (P-Algae) has been explored. The incorporation of P-Algae at a 1:1 ratio with MPP leads to a notable synergistic effect, surpassing the expected additive behavior of the individual components. Comprehensive characterization encompassing thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FTIR, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC), cone calorimeter, oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 tests, and rheological measurements—demonstrates that the presence of this biomaterial can significantly enhance flame retardant performance. Replacing 50% of MPP with P-Algae in PLA resulted in a 17% reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and maintained a V-0 rating in UL-94 testing. The use of P-Algae does not compromise the flame retardancy of PLA but rather contributes positively, offering a promising path toward more sustainable flame-retardant systems. By leveraging naturally derived biomass, this approach aligns with the growing demand for novel eco-friendly technologies in polymer engineering. Insights into an innovative renewable additive as a functional and effective component in flame-retardant biocomposites have been achieved. KW - Flame retardancy KW - Melamine polyphosphate KW - Phosphorus- enriched microalgae KW - Polylactide PLA KW - Synergism PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-640539 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.70350 SN - 1099-1581 SN - 1042-7147 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - e70350 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AN - OPUS4-64053 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -