TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Das Hiddensee-Projekt T2 - Kulturgut durchleutet - Strahlung trifft Kulturgut (Symposium) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2009-11-04 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20771 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Das goldene Zeitalter war damals Analyse von Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung N2 - Gold ist eines der sieben bereits in der Antike bekannten Metalle und wurde wegen seines Glanzes und seiner Seltenheit seit jeher als Tauschmittel und zur Herstellung von Schmuck verwendet. Außerdem ist es leicht zu bearbeiten und weitgehend resistent gegen chemische Einflüsse. Die Analyse von Gold mit der durch Synchrotronstrahlung angeregten Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse ist zerstörungsfrei und liefert Informationen über die in der untersuchten Probe vorhandenen chemischen Elemente. Im Mittelpunkt der hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen an der BAMline stehen Fragen nach der Herkunft, dem Herstellungsprozess und der Zugehörigkeit von Goldfunden. Die verschiedenen Fragestellungen werden anhand einer Reihe von Beispielen erläutert, die vom Wikingerschatz von Hiddensee über die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra bis hin zu Funden aus Ägypten reichen. Darüber hinaus werden die heute am Synchrotron verfügbaren modernen Messmethoden vorgestellt. T2 - WISSENSCHAFT MIT WIRKUNG: Workshop Kulturguterhaltung – vom Dampfkessel zu Nanomaterialien CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.11.2021 KW - Gold KW - Synchrotron KW - Bernstorf KW - Nebra KW - XRF PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54139 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Constantinescu, B. A1 - Bugoi, R. A1 - Cojocaru, V. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Calligaro, T. A1 - Salomon, J. A1 - Pichon, L. A1 - Röhrs, S. A1 - Ceccato, D. A1 - Oberländer-Târnoveanu, E. A1 - Ionescu, C. A1 - Pop, D. T1 - Dacian bracelets and Transylvanian gold: ancient history and modern analyses KW - SRXRF KW - Gold KW - Archaeometrie KW - Authentication KW - Provenance KW - XRF KW - Micro-PIXE KW - Micro SR-XRF KW - Or KW - Authentification KW - FX PY - 2009 SN - 0399-1237 VL - 33 SP - 221 EP - 225 PB - Groupe CY - Rennes AN - OPUS4-23172 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grengg, C. A1 - Koraimann, G. A1 - Ukrainczyk, N. A1 - Rudic, O. A1 - Luschnig, S. A1 - Gluth, Gregor A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Dietzel, M. A1 - Mittermayr, F. T1 - Cu- and Zn-doped alkali activated mortar – Properties and durability in (bio)chemically aggressive wastewater environments N2 - Metakaolin-based alkali activated mortars (AAM) - with and without CuSO4·5H2O and ZnO addition (mass ratio Mn+/solid binder 0.08% to 1.7%) - were casted and exposed within an extensive long-term field campaign over the period of 20 months to a sewer basin, strongly affected by biogenic acid corrosion. (Un-)exposed AAM were tested regarding their physicochemical and microstructural properties, bioreceptivity and overall durability. Metal addition led to a retarding effect during alkali-activation reaction, as well as to an increase in open porosity of up to 3.0% and corresponding lower compressive strength of up to 10.9%. Reduced microbial colonization and diversity were observed on AAM with Cu, while Zn addition led to increased biodiversity. We propose that the observed higher durability of Cu-doped AAM is due to antibacterial effects and associated reduction of biogenic acid production, superseding overall negative effects of metal-dosage on physical material properties. Observed lower durability of Zn-doped AAM was related to combined negative physicochemical and microbial effects. KW - Microbially induced corrosion KW - Alkali-activated materials KW - Biogenic acid corrosion KW - Biogene Schwefelsäurekorrosion KW - MIC PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106541 SN - 0008-8846 VL - 149 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-53070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El-Hasan, T. A1 - Szczerba, Wojciech A1 - Buzanich, Günter A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Kersten, M. T1 - Cr(VI)/Cr(III) and As(V)/As(III) ratio assessments in Jordanian spent oil shale produced by aerobic combustion and anaerobic pyrolysis N2 - With the increase in the awareness of the public in the environmental impact of oil shale utilization, it is of interest to reveal the mobility of potentially toxic trace elements in spent oil shale. Therefore, the Cr and As oxidation state in a representative Jordanian oil shale sample from the El-Lajjoun area were investigated upon different lab-scale furnace treatments. The anaerobic pyrolysis was performed in a retort flushed by nitrogen gas at temperatures in between 600 and 800 °C (pyrolytic oil shale, POS). The aerobic combustion was simply performed in porcelain cups heated in a muffle furnace for 4 h at temperatures in between 700 and 1000 °C (burned oil shale, BOS). The high loss-on-ignition in the BOS samples of up to 370 g kg–1 results from both calcium carbonate and organic carbon degradation. The LOI leads to enrichment in the Cr concentrations from 480 mg kg–1 in the original oil shale up to 675 mg kg–1 in the ≥850 °C BOS samples. Arsenic concentrations were not much elevated beyond that in the average shale standard (13 mg kg–1). Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis revealed that within the original oil shale the oxidation states of Cr and As were lower than after its aerobic combustion. Cr(VI) increased from 0% in the untreated or pyrolyzed oil shale up to 60% in the BOS ash combusted at 850 °C, while As(V) increased from 64% in the original oil shale up to 100% in the BOS ash at 700 °C. No Cr was released from original oil shale and POS products by the European compliance leaching test CEN/TC 292 EN 12457-1 (1:2 solid/water ratio, 24 h shaking), whereas leachates from BOS samples showed Cr release in the order of one mmol L–1. The leachable Cr content is dominated by chromate as revealed by catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) which could cause harmful contamination of surface and groundwater in the semiarid environment of Jordan. KW - Trace-elements KW - Fly-ash KW - Speciation KW - Chromium KW - Sediments KW - Behavior KW - Metals KW - Xanes KW - Cr KW - Transformation PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/es200695e SN - 0013-936X SN - 1520-5851 VL - 45 IS - 22 SP - 9799 EP - 9805 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-25290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kulow, Anicó A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Hampel, S. A1 - Fittschen, U.E.A. A1 - Streli, C. A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Comparison of three reconstruction methods based on deconvolution, iterative algorithm and neural network for X-ray fluorescence imaging with coded apertures N2 - X-ray imaging methods are used in many fields of research, as they allow a non-destructive Investigation of the elemental content of various samples. As for every imaging method, for X-ray imaging the optics are of crucial importance. However, these optics can be very expensive and laborious to build, as the requirements on surface roughness and precision are extremely high. Angles of reflection and refraction are often in the range of a few mrad, making a compact design hard to achieve. In this work we present a possibility to simplify X-ray imaging. We have adapted the coded aperture method, a high energy radiation imaging method that has its origins in astrophysics, to full field X-ray fluorescence imaging. In coded aperture imaging, an object is projected through a known mask, the coded aperture, onto an area sensitive detector. The resulting image consists of overlapping projections of the object and a reconstruction step is necessary to obtain the information from the recorded image. We recorded fluorescence images of different samples with an energy-dispersive 2D detector (pnCCD) and investigated different reconstruction methods. With a small coded aperture with 12 holes we could significantly increase the count rate compared to measurements with a straight polycapillary optic. We show that the reconstruction of two different samples is possible with a deconvolution approach, an iterative algorithm and a neural network. These results demonstrate that X-ray fluorescence imaging with coded apertures has the potential to deliver good results without scanning and with an improved count rate, so that measurement times can be shortened compared to established methods. KW - X-ray fluorescence imaging KW - Coded apertures KW - Imaging KW - Elemental mapping KW - Image reconstruction PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00146e VL - 35 IS - 7 SP - 1423 EP - 1434 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - United Kingdom AN - OPUS4-51518 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharf, Oliver A1 - Ihle, S. A1 - Ordavo, I. A1 - Arkadiev, V. A1 - Bjeoumikhov, A. A1 - Bjeoumikhova, S. A1 - Buzanich, Günter A1 - Gubzhokov, R. A1 - Günther, A. A1 - Hartmann, R. A1 - Kühbacher, M. A1 - Lang, M. A1 - Langhoff, N. A1 - Liebel, A. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Soltau, H. A1 - Strüder, L. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Wedell, R. T1 - Compact pnCCD-based X-ray camera with high spatial and energy resolution: a color X-ray camera N2 - For many applications there is a requirement for nondestructive analytical investigation of the elemental distribution in a sample. With the improvement of X-ray optics and spectroscopic X-ray imagers, full field X-ray fluorescence (FF-XRF) methods are feasible. A new device for high-resolution X-ray imaging, an energy and spatial resolving X-ray camera, is presented. The basic idea behind this so-called 'color X-ray camera' (CXC) is to combine an energy dispersive array detector for X-rays, in this case a pnCCD, with polycapillary optics. Imaging is achieved using multiframe recording of the energy and the point of impact of single photons. The camera was tested using a laboratory 30 µm microfocus X-ray tube and synchrotron radiation from BESSY II at the BAMline facility. These experiments demonstrate the suitability of the camera for X-ray fluorescence analytics. The camera simultaneously records 69696 spectra with an energy resolution of 152 eV for manganese Kα with a spatial resolution of 50 µm over an imaging area of 12.7 × 12.7 mm². It is sensitive to photons in the energy region between 3 and 40 keV, limited by a 50 µm beryllium window, and the sensitive thickness of 450 µm of the chip. Online preview of the sample is possible as the software updates the sums of the counts for certain energy channel ranges during the measurement and displays 2-D false-color maps as well as spectra of selected regions. The complete data cube of 264 × 264 spectra is saved for further qualitative and quantitative processing. KW - Color X-ray camera KW - X-ray fluorescence KW - pnCCD KW - Polycapillary optic KW - Synchrotron radiation PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102811p SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 83 IS - 7 SP - 2532 EP - 2538 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-23948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denker, A. A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Kanngießer, B. A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Merchel, Silke A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Röhrs, S. A1 - Reiche, I. A1 - Stege, H. T1 - Chemie der Kunst - Zerstörungsfreie Analyse von Kunst- und Kulturgütern N2 - Naturwissenschaftliche Informationen, insbesondere die chemische Zusammensetzung der Objekte, können Hinweise auf die Hintergründe der Objektherstellung liefern, die der alleinigen kunsthistorischen Begutachtung verborgen blieben. Es können nicht nur Fragen nach dem Prozess, Zeitpunkt und Ort der Herstellung beantwortet werden. Die chemische Analyse gibt auch Hinweise auf Ereignisse und Veränderungen, die erst nach der Fertigstellung des Objektes erfolgten. So werden Alterungsphänomene oder historische Überarbeitungen und Restaurierungen aufgedeckt, aber auch Konservierungsstrategien zur Erhaltung der Kunstwerke unterstützt. Durch den technologischen Fortschritt im Bereich der röntgenanalytischen Methoden, die berührungsfrei, ohne Probennahme und ohne Schädigung für das Untersuchungsobjekt arbeiten, erschließen sich dem Analytiker erstmalig Möglichkeiten, auch sehr wertvolle und fragile Objekte zerstörungsfrei zu untersuchen. PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2003-0003 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 45 IS - 11-12 SP - 485 EP - 503 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-2745 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Schäfers, F. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Chemical state of chromium, sulfur, and iron in sewage sludge ash based phosphorus fertilizers N2 - As an essential element of all life forms, phosphorus (P) is vital to the fertilizer industry. With decreasing quantity and quality of phosphate rock resources, recycling P-fertilizers from wastewater is of increasing interest. The P-fertilizer products of a recently developed thermochemical process for P recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA) were investigated by chromium, sulfur, and iron K-edge X-ray near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. This paper focuses the formation and prevention of toxic chromium(VI) and toxic sulfides during the thermochemical processes. Reducing conditions prevent the oxidation of chromium(III) in the SSA to toxic chromium(VI). Sulfides formed under the reducing conditions are nontoxic iron sulfides. Hematite (Fe2O3) present in the SSA is reduced to magnetite (Fe3O4). A gentle post-treatment at 400 °C under oxidizing conditions converts the iron sulfides into plant-available iron sulfates. This oxidative post-treatment does not form undesired chromium(VI) compounds. KW - X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Chromium KW - Sulfur KW - Iron PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00678 SN - 2168-0485 VL - 3 IS - 10 SP - 2376 EP - 2380 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-34166 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - ChatGPT and EPICS: LLM-Enhanced Control Systems for Synchrotron Beamlines N2 - The document highlights ChatGPT-EPICS integration for synchrotron beamline automation, employing tools like motor records, PV naming systems, and LLM inference. It evaluates efficiency and challenges in implementing automated motor optimization and handling EPICS controls. T2 - BESSY science seminar CY - Online meeting DA - 22.11.2024 KW - Chatgpt KW - EPICS KW - BAMline PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61896 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -