TY - JOUR A1 - Aldrabee, A. A1 - Wriekat, A. A1 - Abu Saleem, K. A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Non-destructive SR-XRF analysis of ancient Mamluk-Ayyubid glazed pottery fragments from Karak Castle, Jordan N2 - Sixteen Ayyubid-Mamluk glazed pottery sherds were analyzed in order to identify and characterize the elemental composition to determine their provenance. The tested sherds were collected from the historical site of Karak Castle, southern Jordan. Chemical analysis for the sixteen samples has been carried out using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (SR-XRF) Technique. Furthermore, the semiquantitative analysis of the elements Fe – Cu – Zn – Br – Rb – Sr – Y – Zr – Nb – Mo – Pd – Ag – Cd and Pb has been performed for the samples based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical Cluster Analysis with Bray-Curtis in order to define grouping of different glazed pottery by obtaining information on their similarity and clustering. The results of chemical analysis provided persuasive evidence that the Karak Castle pottery sherds have at least three different sources of provenance. KW - BAMline KW - Karak Castle KW - Synchrotron KW - XRF PY - 2015 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 157 EP - 163 AN - OPUS4-43489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Getting more efficient – The use of Bayesian optimization and Gaussian processes at the BAMline N2 - The BAMline, a beamline for material science research at BESSY II, has been operated by the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung for over two decades. In the last few years, Bayesian optimization (BO) with Gaussian processes (GP) has been introduced as a transformative method in this setting. This contribution highlights the integration and impact of BO and GP in refining BAMline operations. We will explore the impact of integrating Bayesian methods, especially when combined with Gaussian processes, on the operational efficiency of the BAMline. Our discussion commences with an overview of the fundamental concepts of active learning and optimization. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of specific case studies, drawing on our direct experience with these innovative methods. For this our focus is on three key applications: Alignment of Optical Elements (DCM and DMM): The implementation of Bayesian optimization using Gaussian processes has revolutionized the alignment process for the Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) and the Double Multilayer Monochromator (DMM). This approach greatly reduced manual effort and enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of the alignment procedure. Optimal Spot Selection for Spatial Mapping in XRF Studies: In X-ray fluorescence (XRF) experiments, determining the most informative sampling spots is crucial. The introduction of BO, informed by GP, has significantly improved the selection process, especially in large or heterogeneous samples. This methodology ensures maximum information gain, optimizing the balance between comprehensive mapping and resource management. Selection of Optimal Energies for XANES Measurements in GEXANES Geometry: In the specific context of X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) studies using Grazing Exit (GEXANES) geometry, the Bayesian approach with Gaussian processes is now utilized to identify the most effective energy settings. This results in detailed spectral data acquired in a much shorter time. We also address challenges and limitations encountered during implementation. Additionally, the versatility of this approach in addressing a range of different research questions will be demonstrated. T2 - Machine Learning Conference for X-Ray and Neutron-Based Experiments CY - Garching bei München, Germany DA - 08.04.2024 KW - BAMline KW - Synchrotron KW - XRF KW - Bayes PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Micro-SR-XRF and Micro-PIXE studies for archaeological gold identification - The case of Carpathian (Transylvanian) gold and of Dacian bracelets T2 - Ecaart 9 CY - Florence, Italy DA - 2007-09-03 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-17862 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - SR-XRF analysis of trace amounts of Pt in gold alloys T2 - European Conference on X-ray Spectrometry CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 2008-06-16 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17845 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - BAMline@BESSY2 - Advanced Techniques and Applications N2 - Synchrotron radiation sources offer a wide range of possibilities in materials research due to their unique properties in terms of intensity, polarization and adjustability. A basic introduction about the creation and special properties of synchrotron radiation will be given. Examples of current work at BAMline, the high-energy measuring facility of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing at the synchrotron BESSY, are used to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of existing measuring methods.” T2 - GDCH Kolloquium CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany DA - 17.11.2022 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XRF KW - XANES PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61706 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Trace element analysis with synchrotron radiation N2 - Trace elements are chemical elements whose concentration in a material is very low. The exact definition depends on the application and varies for example between 100 micrograms per gram in analytical chemistry and 1000 micrograms per gram in geology. The ability to detect trace elements fast and quantitatively is of great importance in many areas of science and technology. With its high brilliance and flexibility in the excitation conditions, synchrotron radiation is an ideal tool for detecting traces even in small sample quantities. In this contribution I will report about the use of X-ray fluorescence(XRF)for qualitative and quantitative element sensitiveanalysis. In addition to the fundamentals of XRF and its quantification methods, the advantages and problems of different geometries like e.g. microXRF, Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF)or Double Dispersive XRF (D²XRF) will be discussed. Practical examples from BAMline from the research fields of medicine, geology and archaeometry will complete the lecture. T2 - Denver X-Ray Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 03.08.2020 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XRF PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51890 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Vincze, L. A1 - Görner, Wolf T1 - Quantification of energy dispersive SRXRF for the certification of reference materials at BAMline N2 - The certification of reference materials (CRMs) is one of the main tasks of the BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. In this context CRMs for analytical chemistry play the dominant role. Traditionally, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) has been excluded from the final certification scheme. It has lacked the proof to be reliable enough due to peak overlapping and risks of incorrect background subtraction leading to unacceptable uncertainty and bias of the results. The development described aims at enabling ED-SRXRF to really contribute to certification by the aid of synchrotron radiation. This has been partly shown for macrocontents and has been successfully demonstrated for trace elements and thin layers. The method is based on a combination of measurements of pure elements or stoichiometric compounds as comparator materials and Monte Carlo simulations. Measurements have been performed at the BAMline, the hard X-ray beam line of the BAM at the synchrotron BESSY II in Berlin. KW - SyXRF Quantifizierung KW - Monte Carlo Simulation KW - Referenzmaterialien PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b926596a SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 631 EP - 634 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-22895 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guerra, M. F. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reiche, I. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Strub, Erik T1 - Analysis of trace elements in gold alloys by SR-XRF at high energy at the BAMline N2 - Measuring in a non-destructive way the characteristic trace elements of the metal allows following the circulation of gold in the past. The aim of this work is to probe the possibilities of X-ray fluorescence with high energy synchrotron radiation (SR-XRF) at the BAMline at BESSY II to determine the concentration of Pt in ancient gold alloys. A HP-Ge detector was used to measure the Pt K-lines excited with an incident energy of 79.5 keV. Data processing was done by subtraction of a Pt free gold standard spectrum from the spectrum of the sample. Depending on the sample composition, the MDL ranges between 40 and 90 ppm. The first results obtained for a small set of gold alloys of different thickness, size and composition showed that high energy SR-XRF is a significant method for the non-destructive determination of Pt in gold. KW - SR-XRF KW - Gold KW - Provenancing KW - Trace elements PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.008 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 266 IS - 10 SP - 2334 EP - 2338 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-17735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Machine learning - Examples from BAM Line N2 - This talk explores applications of artificial intelligence in the field of spectroscopy, with a special focus on research conducted at BAMline. We begin with an overview of synchrotron radiation and its unique capabilities in material analysis. The first part of the talk will cover the integration of AI algorithms in quantifying X-ray fluorescence measurements, providing enhanced precision and efficiency in data analysis. Following this, we will examine the role of language models in spectroscopic research, showcasing how these tools can facilitate the control of complex experimental set-ups T2 - Analytical Academy CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.11.2024 KW - ChatGPT KW - Neural networks KW - XRF KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Enhancing efficiency at bamline: employing data science and machine learning for x-ray research N2 - This talk discusses how data science and machine learning techniques are being applied at the BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing to enhance efficiency and automation at the BAMLine synchrotron facility. The methods presented include Gaussian processes and Bayesian optimization for beamline adjustment and optimization of X-ray measurements. These statistical techniques allow automated alignment of beamline components and active learning scanning to reduce measurement time. Additional machine learning methods covered are neural networks for quantification of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data and decoding coded apertures. T2 - 17th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (IWANN2023) CY - Ponta Delgada, Portugal DA - 19.06.2023 KW - Bayesian Optimization KW - Gaussian Process KW - BAMline PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - From Egypt to Hiddensee – Analysis of Gold with Synchrotron Radiation IV N2 - Gold is one of the seven metals already known in antiquity and was used from time immemorial as a medium of exchange and for the production of jewelry because of its luster and rarity. In addition, it is easy to work and largely resistant to chemical influences. Investigations of gold using synchrotron radiation excited X-ray fluorescence analysis are non-destructive and provide information about the chemical elements present in the sample under investigation. The investigations presented here at BAMline focus on questions such as the origin, manufacturing process, and association of gold findings. The different questions are explained by a number of examples ranging from the Viking treasure from Hiddensee to the Nebra Sky Disk and finds from Egypt. The find from Bernstorf is discussed in detail. A Bayesian treatment of the authenticity is shown. T2 - Ringvorlesung Einführung in die Archäometrie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2022 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - Bayesian Statistics KW - Gold KW - Röntgenfluoreszenz PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brücher, M. A1 - von Bohlen, A. A1 - Jacob, P. A1 - Franzke, J. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Scharf, Oliver A1 - Hergenröder, R. T1 - The charge of solid-liquid interfaces measured by X-ray standing waves and streaming current N2 - Measurements of ion distributions at a charged solid–liquid interface using X-ray standing waves (XSW) are presented. High energy synchrotron radiation (17.48 keV) is used to produce an XSW pattern inside a thin water film on a silicon wafer. The liquid phase is an aqueous solution containing Br and Rb ions. The surface charge is adjusted by titration. Measurements are performed over a pH range from 2.2–9, using the native Si oxide layer and functional (amine) groups as surface charge. The Debye length, indicating the extension of the diffuse layer, could be measured with values varying between 1–4 nm. For functionalized wafers, the pH dependent change from attraction to repulsion of an ion species could be detected, indicating the isoelectric point. In combination with the measurement of the streaming current, the surface charge of the sample could be quantified. KW - Interfacial charge KW - Solid/liquid interfaces KW - Surface analysis KW - Surface functionalization KW - X-ray spectrometry KW - X-ray KW - Standing waves KW - XSW KW - Streaming current KW - Synchrotron radiation PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201000166 SN - 1439-4235 SN - 1439-7641 VL - 11 IS - 10 SP - 2118 EP - 2123 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22057 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Detection of platinum in gold with D2XRF T2 - SR2A 2014 CY - Paris (Frankreich) DA - 2014-09-09 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-32369 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse mit Synchrotronstrahlung an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin T2 - Seminar: "Strahlenphysikalische Anwendungen in Technik und Medizin" CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2011-11-23 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-26926 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Von Ägypten bis Hiddensee – Analyse von Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung N2 - Gold ist eines der sieben schon im Altertum bekannten Metalle und wurde wg. seines Glanzes und seiner Seltenheit von alters her als Tauschmittel und zur Herstellung von Schmuck benutzt. Außerdem ist es einfach bearbeitbar und weitestgehend gegen chemische Einflüsse resistent. Die Untersuchungen von Gold mit synchrotronstrahlungsangeregter Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse sind zerstörungsfrei und geben Auskunft über die in der untersuchten Probe vorhandenen chemischen Elemente. Bei den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen an der BAMline stehen Fragestellungen wie Herkunft, Herstellungsverfahren und Zusammengehörigkeit von Goldfunden im Vordergrund. Die verschiedenen Fragestellungen werden an einer Reihe von Beispielen erläutert die vom Wikingerschatz aus Hiddensee über die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra bis hin zu Funden aus Ägypten langen. Zusätzlich werden die modernen Messmethoden vorgestellt, die am Synchrotron heutzutage zur Verfügung stehen. T2 - Vorlesung FU Berlin Einführung in die Archäometrie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - Gold KW - XRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38810 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - The Colour X-ray Camera – Basics and Applications of a 2D X-ray Detector N2 - The Color X-ray Camera CXC or SLcam® is an energy-resolving X-ray camera capable of energy- and space-resolved measurements. It consists of a high-speed CCD detector coupled to a polycapil-lary optic that conducts the X-ray photons from the probe to distinct pixels onto the detector. The camera is capable of fast acquisition of spatially and energy resolved fluorescence images. A dedicated software enables the acquisition and the online processing of the spectral data for all 69696 pixels, leading to a real-time visualization of the elements distribution in a sample. It was developed in a joint project with BAM, IFG Berlin and PN Sensors. In this contribution we will mainly discuss the use of the CXC at our beamline, the BAMline at BESSY II and imaging applications of the CXC from different areas, like biology and archaeometry. Additionally new developments for the use of the detector without optics, like wavelength dispersive detection or 1shot-XANES, will be presented. T2 - Seminar Strahlenphysikalische Anwendungen in Technik und Medizin CY - Wien, Austria DA - 20.01.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Es ist nicht alles Gold was glänzt - Die Analyse von Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung N2 - Gold ist eines der sieben schon im Altertum bekannten Metalle und wurde wg. seines Glanzes und seiner Seltenheit von alters her als Tauschmittel und zur Herstellung von Schmuck benutzt. Außerdem ist es einfach bearbeitbar und weitestgehend gegen chemische Einflüsse resistent. Die Untersuchungen von Gold mit synchrotronstrahlungsangeregter Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse sind zerstörungsfrei und geben Auskunft über die in der untersuchten Probe vorhandenen chemischen Elemente. Bei den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen an der BAMline stehen Fragestellungen wie Herkunft, Herstellungsverfahren und Zusammengehörigkeit von Goldfunden im Vordergrund. Die verschiedenen Fragestellungen werden an einer Reihe von Beispielen erläutert die vom Wikingerschatz aus Hiddensee über die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra bis hin zu Funden aus Ägypten langen. Zusätzlich werden die modernen Messmethoden vorgestellt, die am Synchrotron heutzutage zur Verfügung stehen. T2 - Vortragsreihe „Naturwissenschaftliche Einsichten in Kunst- und Kulturgut" CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 13.10.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - Gold KW - XRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38809 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - First in situ measurements with a newly developed SR-based ‘Single-shot‘ EXAFS set-up N2 - The newly developed EXAFS set-up comprises both time- and spatially-resolved EXAFS information simultaneously in a single-shot. This facile, stable and scanningless set-up was tested at the BAMline @ BESSY-II (Berlin, Germany). The primary broadband beam is generated by a filter/X-ray-mirror combination (bandpass). The transmitted beam through the sample is diffracted by a convexly bent Si (111) crystal, producing a divergent beam. This, in turn, is collected by an area sensitive detector based on a CCD camera, in a theta - 2 theta geometry. The first in situ measurements were successfully carried out and hereby presented. The case-study involved a well known reaction, in which structural changes are induced over time, and continuously measured. We were able to track structural changes within a 1s time resolution. T2 - European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS) CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - EXAFS PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38807 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nikolic, Nela A1 - Dal Co, Alma A1 - Kiviet, Daniel J. A1 - Bergmiller, Tobias A1 - Littmann, Sten A1 - Kuypers, Marcel M. M. A1 - Ackermann, Martin A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Cell-to-cell variation and specialization in sugar metabolism in clonal bacterial populations N2 - While we have good understanding of bacterial metabolism at the population level, we know little about the metabolic behavior of individual cells: do single cells in clonal populations sometimes specialize on different metabolic pathways? Such metabolic specialization could be driven by stochastic gene expression and could provide individual cells with growth benefits of specialization. We measured the degree of phenotypic specialization in two parallel metabolic pathways, the assimilation of glucose and arabinose. We grew Escherichia coli in chemostats, and used isotope-labeled sugars in combination with nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry and mathematical modeling to quantify sugar assimilation at the single-cell level. We found large variation in metabolic activities between single cells, both in absolute assimilation and in the degree to which individual cells specialize in the assimilation of different sugars. Analysis of transcriptional reporters indicated that this variation was at least partially based on cell-to-cell variation in gene expression. Metabolic differences between cells in clonal populations could potentially reduce metabolic incompatibilities between different pathways, and increase the rate at which parallel reactions can be performed. KW - Metabolism KW - Escherichia coli KW - Phenotypic diversity KW - Phenotypic heterogeneity PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-438873 UR - http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1007122 DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007122 SN - 1553-7404 VL - 13 IS - 12 SP - e1007122, 1 EP - e1007122, 24 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom AN - OPUS4-43887 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Constantinescu, B. A1 - Vasilescu, A. A1 - Stan, D. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Buzanich, Günter A1 - Ceccato, D. A1 - Oberländer-Târnoveanu, E. T1 - Studies on archaeological gold items found in Romanian territory using X-ray-based analytical spectrometry N2 - This paper is an overview of the work developed by our group in the investigations of museum objects and alluvial gold, reflected in a series of studies published between 2000–2011, supplemented with new results, unpublished up-to-date. The X-ray based spectrometric techniques employed range from various X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) investigations to ion beam analysis, including synchrotron radiation XRF and micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission. The gold objects discussed are mainly part of the Sarmizegetusa Dacian hoards—spiraled bracelets (armbands) and coins. After obtaining in 2011 the permission of the Romanian authorities to take very small (1–2 mg) samples from the most 'unimportant' areas of the Dacian bracelets and several Koson staters, to analyze them by micro-SR-XRF at BESSY, in February 2012, the investigation of several micro-areas of 17 stater and 28 bracelet samples revealed important micro-structural inhomogeneity, especially in Sn and Cu. The same inhomogeneous micro-structure has been seen in Transylvanian alluvial gold. The analyses revealed details on the fingerprint of geological gold deposits and also the main characteristics of ancient gold metallurgy procedures used by the Dacians: a relatively low temperature (lower than Au melting point) and hammering during heating to obtain an ingot through sintering. The use of the sintering procedure was proved for the spiraled bracelets and the Koson without monogram coins, a tradition starting in the Bronze Age in Transylvanian gold processing. The existence of micro-inclusions of Ta-minerals in alluvial gold was also detected, explaining Ta trace presence in the artifacts from the Pietroasa hoard. KW - Micro-SR-XRF KW - Micro-PIXE KW - Archaeometry KW - Gold KW - Romania PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ja30158j SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 27 IS - 12 SP - 2076 EP - 2081 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-26991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Sczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Mobile gas cylinders in fire: Consequences in case of failure N2 - Commercial, off-the shelf propane cylinders are subjected to high safety regulations. Furthermore, those cylinders are equipped with safety devices like pressure relief valves (PRV). Despite these regulations and safety measures, a failure of the container is possible if exposed to an intense fire. The result of this is severe hazard for users, rescue forces and infrastructure. Within the framework of a destructive test series, 15 identical propane cylinders, without pressure relief devices, were exposed to an intensive fire in horizontal position until failure. Each cylinder was filled with a mass of m =11 kg of liquid propane. Three different fire sources were used (wood, petrol, propane). The experiments revealed the failure of all cylinders in a time period t < 155 s. The failure lead to a fragmentation into several major parts with throwing distances of up to l =262 m. In all trials, the temperature of the cylinder wall (top, side, bottom), of the liquid phase inside and of the surrounding fire (top, side, bottom) was recorded. In addition, the inner cylinder pressure and the induced overpressure of the blast wave after the failure were recorded. Overpressures of up to p=0.27 bar were recorded close to the cylinder (l =5 m). All tests were documented by video from several positions (general view, close-up, high-speed 5000 fps). This test series creates the basis for further experimental studies in the field of alternative fuels for vehicles. The aim of this test series is to assess and analyse the consequences of the failure of gas vessels (for LPG, CNG, CGH2) in the aftermath of severe incidents. KW - Explosion KW - Gas cylinders KW - Consequences PY - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037971121730098X DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.006 SN - 0379-7112 SN - 1873-7226 VL - 91 SP - 989 EP - 996 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-40550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Werrel, Martin T1 - Oxygen-reduced Cone Calorimeter - Characteristic effects on the calculation of the heat release rate T2 - ISO-Meeting CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 2011-11-02 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24710 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -