TY - GEN A1 - Brierley, N. A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Engert, D. A1 - Heilmann, S. A1 - Herold, F. A1 - Hofmann, D. A1 - Küchler, H. A1 - Leinenbach, F. A1 - Lorenz, S. A1 - Martin, J. A1 - Rehbein, J. A1 - Sprau, B. A1 - Suppes, A. A1 - Vrana, J. A1 - Wild, E. T1 - DICONDE in industrial inspection N2 - DICONDE (Digital Imaging and Communication in Non-Destructive Testing) is an open international standard for storing and exchanging industrial test data and process-related information. The DICONDE standard defines both the semantics for structured storage of data and the network-based communication between two endpoints. This allows many test processes to be mapped digitally and securely, while at the same time meeting normative requirements such as traceability to the tester and test object and reproducibility of test results. KW - DICONDE KW - NDT KW - Interoperability KW - Data storage KW - Communication PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-947971-32-9 N1 - Es gibt eine parallele Sprachausgabe (deutsch), ein Link befindet sich im Feld zugehöriger Identifikator - There is a parallel language edition (German), a link is in the field related identifier VL - Specification ZfP 4.0-01E SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin ET - Edition August 2023 AN - OPUS4-58576 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Engert, D. A1 - Heilmann, S. A1 - Herold, F. A1 - Hofmann, D. A1 - Küchler, H. A1 - Leinenbach, F. A1 - Lorenz, S. A1 - Martin, J. A1 - Rehbein, J. A1 - Sprau, B. A1 - Suppes, A. A1 - Vrana, J. A1 - Wild, E. T1 - DICONDE in der ZfP N2 - DICONDE (Digital Imaging and Communication in Non-Destructive Evaluation) ist ein offener internationaler Standard zur Speicherung und zum Austausch industrieller Prüfdaten und prozessbezogener Informationen. Der DICONDE-Standard definiert sowohl die Semantik für eine strukturierte Speicherung von Daten als auch die netzwerkbasierte Kommunikation zwischen zwei Endpunkten. Damit lassen sich viele Vorgänge von Prüfprozessen digital und sicher abbilden und gleichzeitig normative Anforderungen wie eine Rückführbarkeit zum Prüfer und Prüfobjekt sowie eine Reproduzierbarkeit von Prüfergebnissen erfüllen. KW - DICONDE KW - ZfP KW - Interoperabilität KW - Datenspeicherung KW - Kommunikation PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-947971-30-5 N1 - Es gibt eine parallele Sprachausgabe (englisch), ein Link befindet sich im Feld zugehöriger Identifikator - There is a parallel language edition (English), a link is in the field related identifier VL - Merkblatt ZfP 4.0-01 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin ET - Ausgabe Juni 2023 AN - OPUS4-58578 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hofmann, Martin A1 - Bender, Josef A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Influence of Obstacles on Surface Detonations T2 - 2nd Internet Conference on Process Safety CY - --- DA - 2000-03-20 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-2125 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hölck, Ole A1 - Heuchel, M. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Hofmann, D. T1 - Simulation of Experimentally Observed Dilation Phenomena During Integral Gas Sorption in Glassy Polymers N2 - A molecular modeling investigation of dilation effects induced by sorbed gas molecules in two glassy polymers is presented. As experimental reference, integral sorption of CO2 and CH4 was measured for polysulfone (PSU) and a polyimide (6FDA-TrMPD, PI4) at 308 K and a pressure of 10 bar. Simultaneously, the gas induced swelling effect was measured with a dilatometer based on a capacitive distance sensor recorded. The experimental evidence of the (on the observed time scale and concentration levels) elastic nature of the gas induced dilation is supported by the dilation and contraction behavior observed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of respective detailed atomistic packing models. These models were constructed in accordance with gas concentration levels obtained from the experimental sorption results. Quantitative deviations between simulated and measured dilations are discussed as a consequence of an anelastic response of the polymer matrix which is too fast to be resolved in the experiments whose kinetics is dominated by diffusional processes. In the simulation, the initial insertion of penetrant molecules into equilibrated packing models circumvents the slow diffusional process of the experiment and allows a reasonable representation of the dilation process as well as a closer investigation. Our simulation approach reveals a different behavior for PSU and PI4 on the corresponding time scale. Most likely, the different chain mobility of the two polymers is responsible for the respective response to the inserted amount of gas molecules which is discussed in terms of the different chain mobilities of the two polymers. KW - Diffusion KW - Dilation KW - Gas sorption KW - Molecular modeling KW - Poly(ether sulfones) KW - Polyimides KW - Swelling PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.21342 SN - 0887-6266 SN - 1099-0488 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 71 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-16206 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hölck, Ole A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Heuchel, M. A1 - Siegert, M.R. A1 - Hofmann, D. T1 - Gas sorption isotherms in swelling glassy polymers - detailed atomistic simulations N2 - Detailed atomistic simulations were carried out for swelling polymer/gas systems related to experimental sorption and dilation data for CO2 and CH4 in three glassy polymers (polysulfone PSU, the polyimide 6FDA-TrMPD, and a polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1) at 308 K (35 °C) and pressures up to 50 bar. Corresponding experiments were performed with a gravimetric sorption balance and a dilatometer based on a capacitance distance sensor. For each polymer/gas system molecular packing models were prepared and equilibrated for two reference states: the pure polymer is taken as reference for the respective 'unswollen' state and similarly the state of the highest penetrant pressure reached in the corresponding experiment is taken to represent the 'swollen' state. Models for the latter were constructed in agreement with experimental data (pressure, temperature, gas concentration and volume dilation). Concentration–pressure isotherms of each polymer/gas system were obtained using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations for both reference states (depleted of gas molecules), which are in good agreement with the experimental data in the respective pressure range. As expected these isotherms – due to the simulation technique used, merely based on hole-filling in a static host matrix – do not represent the sorption behavior over a broader range of gas pressures which may involve significant structural rearrangements as well as swelling and relaxational phenomena. Nevertheless, a linear combination of the two GCMC-isotherms allows the interpolation in order to describe the nonlinear gas sorption in the glassy polymers under investigation covering the penetrant pressure range between the reference states in good agreement with the experimental results. KW - Gas sorption KW - Dilation KW - Molecular modeling KW - Polysulfone KW - Polyimide KW - Polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.10.023 SN - 0376-7388 SN - 1873-3123 VL - 428 SP - 523 EP - 532 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-27599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut A1 - Hofmann, Martin A1 - Bender, Josef A1 - Henschen, Philipp A1 - Wendler, Reinhold A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Characterization of surface explosions PY - 2001 SN - 0208-4198 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 125 PB - Wydawn. Naukowe PWN CY - Warszawa AN - OPUS4-1213 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut A1 - Henschen, Philipp A1 - Hofmann, Martin A1 - Bender, Josef A1 - Wendler, Reinhold A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Steinbach, J. ED - Pasman, H. T1 - Hazards of surface explosions T2 - 10th International Conference: Loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries ; 620th Event of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2001-06-19 PY - 2001 SN - 0-444-50699-3 N1 - Serientitel: EFCE event – Series title: EFCE event IS - 620 SP - 897 EP - 908 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut A1 - Rockland, Ulrike A1 - Henschen, Philipp A1 - Hofmann, Martin ED - Kreysa, G. T1 - Heterogene Detonationen T2 - 35. Tutzing-Symposion CY - Tutzing, Deutschland DA - 1997-03-10 PY - 1997 SN - 3-926959-89-4 SN - 0934-4969 N1 - Serientitel: Praxis der Sicherheitstechnik – Series title: Praxis der Sicherheitstechnik IS - 4 SP - 95 EP - 109 PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-1486 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Hofmann, Martin T1 - Auswirkungen von Hindernissen auf Oberflächenexplosionen N2 - Um Oxidationsprozesse in der chemischen Industrie zu optimieren, wird verstärkt versucht, Luftsauerstoff durch reinen Sauerstoff zu ersetzen und den Prozessdruck zu erhöhen. Dadurch werden weitergehende sicherheitstechnische Betrachtungen notwendig. Bisherige Untersuchungen an Systemen bestehend aus einer glatten, ruhenden brennbaren Flüssigkeit unter einer Gasphase aus reinem Sauerstoff bei erhöhtem Anfangsdruck zeigten, dass in solchen Systemen nicht nur deflagrativ verlaufende Reaktionen, sondern auch detonative Reaktionen, sogenannte Oberflächendetonationen, auftreten. Bis dato wurde bei diesen Versuchsreihen hauptsächlich untersucht, unter welchen Anfangsbedingungen Oberflächendetonationen auftreten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Vorgänge in einem heterogenen System, bestehend aus Toluol und Sauerstoff, systematisch untersucht. Dabei wurde eine Einteilung der gesamten Verbrennungsreaktion in unterschiedliche Stadien vorgenommen. Diese Stadien sind die Zündung, der Abbrand, die Oberflächendeflagration und die Oberflächendetonation. Mit Experimenten in einem 50 l Kugelautoklav konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass sich die Mechanismen bei einer solchen Oberflächenexplosion grundlegend von den Abläufen bei Explosionen in einem homogenen System unterscheiden. Darüber hinaus konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass Oberflächendetonationen im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Vermutungen über den gesamten untersuchten Druckbereich auftreten können. Ein weiteres Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war eine Untersuchung, ob mit einfachen, mechanischen Hindernissen ein sicherheitstechnisches Konzept zur Vermeidung von Oberflächendetonationen möglich ist. Dies muss nach den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit verneint werden. Die Versuchsreihen mit unterschiedlichen Hindernissen erbrachten jedoch weitere Informationen über die Mechanismen von Oberflächenexplosionen. Diese Informationen führten zur Formulierung einer neuen Hypothese. Diese Hypothese diskutiert den Einfluss des Energieeintrags von der Flamme in die Flüssigkeit und einen sich daraus ergebenden selbstbeschleunigenden Prozessverlauf. KW - Brennbare Flüssigkeit KW - Sauerstoff KW - Verbrennung KW - Detonation PY - 2001 SP - 1 EP - 121 PB - Technische Universität CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1495 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuchel, M. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Hölck, Ole A1 - Siegert, M.R. A1 - Hofmann, D. T1 - Atomistic Packing Models for Experimentally Investigated Swelling States Induced by CO2 in Glassy Polysulfone and Poly(ether sulfone) N2 - Atomistic packing models have been created, which help to better understand the experimentally observed swelling behavior of glassy polysulfone and poly (ether sulfone), under CO2 gas pressures up to 50 bar at 308 K. The experimental characterization includes the measurement of the time-dependent volume dilation of the polymer samples after a pressure step and the determination of the corresponding gas concentrations by gravimetric gas-sorption measurements. The models obtained by force-field-based molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods allow a detailed atomistic analysis of representative swelling states of polymer/gas systems, with respect to the dilation of the matrix. Also, changes of free volume distribution and backbone mobility are accessible. The behavior of gas molecules in unswollen and swollen polymer matrices is characterized in terms of sorption, diffusion, and plasticization. KW - Molecular modeling KW - Volume dilation KW - Gas sorption KW - Poly(ether sulfones) KW - Free volume KW - Swelling KW - Molecular dynamics KW - Diffusion KW - Plasticization PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.20844 SN - 0887-6266 SN - 1099-0488 VL - 44 IS - 13 SP - 1874 EP - 1897 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-12398 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuchel, M. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Hölck, Ole A1 - Siegert, M.R. A1 - Hofmann, D. T1 - Atomistic packing models for experimentally investigated swelling states induced by CO2 in glassy polymers KW - Glassy polymers KW - Sorption KW - Swelling KW - Molecular Modelling PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.100 SN - 0011-9164 VL - 199 IS - 1-3 SP - 443 EP - 444 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-13708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuchel, M. A1 - Hölck, Ole A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Siegert, R. A1 - Hofmann, D. ED - Qi, Y. ED - H.E. Fang, ED - N. Reynolds, ED - Liu, Z.-K. T1 - Knowledge-based approach to gas sorption in glassy polymers by combining experimental and molecular simulation techniques N2 - We present a method which allows to calculate gas sorption in complex polymers where, as slow processes, gas induced plasticization and volume dilation are important factors. Since the relaxational swelling of the polymer matrix that is observed at elevated gas concentrations takes hours or days, the swelling process is orders of magnitudes too slow to simulate the respective molecular dynamics in reasonable time and effort. To address this apparent incompatibility of experiment and simulation, we use single representative reference states from experiment and construct atomistic packing models according to these specifications. Gas sorption of CO2 and CH4 was successfully calculated on polysulfone, a 6FDA-polyimide, and a polymer of intrinsic microporosity, PIM-1, at 308 K and pressures up to 50 bar. T2 - MRS Fall Meeting 2008 - Symposium W - Computational Materials Design via Multiscale Modeling CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 2008-12-01 KW - Gas sorption KW - Molecular modelling KW - Simulation KW - Glassy polymers PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-1130-W06-10 VL - 1130 SP - W06 EP - W10 AN - OPUS4-19106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Hölck, Ole A1 - Heuchel, M. A1 - Hofmann, D. T1 - Characterization of gas sorption in glassy polymers combining experimental and molecular modeling techniques KW - Glassy Polymers KW - Gas Sorption KW - Molecular Modelling KW - Diffusion PY - 2008 SN - 0743-0515 VL - 98 SP - 875 EP - 876 PB - Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-17485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gruskovà, J. A1 - Martin, G. A1 - Kresten, O. A1 - Mitthoff, F. A1 - Kaska, K. A1 - Hofmann, C. A1 - Kreuzer, W. A1 - Phelps, M. A1 - Boydston, K. A1 - Easton Jr., R. L. A1 - Knox, K. T. A1 - Kelbe, D. A1 - Kasotakis, D. A1 - Christens-Barry, W. A. A1 - Stewart, D. A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Glaser, L. A1 - Garrevoet, J. A1 - Shevchuk, I. A1 - Klumpp, S. A1 - Deckers, D. A1 - Buck, J. ED - Cronier, M. ED - Mondrain, B. T1 - Insights-into-the-Digital-Recovery-of-the-Scythica-Vindobonesia N2 - The Scythica Vindobonensia, the new fragments on Gothic incursions into Roman provinces in the Balkans in the middle of the third century AD that were revealed some years ago in a Greek palimpsest at the Austrian National Library in Vienna (ÖNB), are commonly considered as one of the most important additions of the last decades to the corpus of texts from classical Antiquity. Tere is a high degree of confdence among scholars in supposing that the fragments come from the lost work Scythica written in Greek by the third-century historian P. Herennius Dexippus (Δέξιππος) of Athens. The new fragments have hence also been called Dexippus Vindobonensis. In his Scythica, Dexippus recorded wars of the Romans with the Goths (and other tribes) whom he called Scythians. The work had been hitherto known only from excerpts and quotes by later authors. Eight pages of a Byzantine manuscript copy of the ancient text have survived hidden underneath the visible surface of the last four parchment folios of the Vienna manuscript Historicus graecus 73, f. 192r -195v4. The copy is written in a Greek calligraphic minuscule which has been estimated by palaeographers to be of the middle or the second half of the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the text (on each of the eight pages arranged in one column, with 30 lines per page) was washed of the parchment and the valuable material made from animal skin was re-used for Christian texts. The new writing largely covered the faded remnants of the original text. It thus became hidden from the human eye for more than seven hundred years. Its discovery by Jana Grusková, a classical philologist specialized in the transmission of Greek texts, resulted from a systematic review of all Greek palimpsests kept at the Austrian National Library in Vienna at the beginning of the twenty-first century and a detailed examination of the four folios in 2007-20097. KW - Scythica Vindobonensia, KW - Gothic incursions KW - A Greek palimpsest KW - Antiquity KW - Byzantine manuscript KW - Vienna manuscript PY - 2020 SN - 978-2-916716-81-7 SN - 0577-1471 VL - 2020 IS - 24/1 SP - 945 EP - 967 PB - Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance CY - Paris ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-53843 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werrel, Martin A1 - Deubel, Jan A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Krause, U. T1 - The calculation of the heat release rate by oxygen consumption in a controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter N2 - The standard cone calorimeter according to ASTM E 1354 and ISO 5660 enables reaction-to-fire tests to be performed in ambient atmospheric conditions. A controlled-atmosphere chamber modifies the standard apparatus in a way that allows tests to be performed in nonambient conditions as well. The enclosed chamber is placed underneath the standard exhaust hood and does not have a closed connection to the hood. With this open arrangement, the exhaust gases are diluted by excess air drawn in from the laboratory surroundings. Heat-induced changes in the consequential dilution ratio affect the calculation of fire quantities and, when neglected, lead to deviations of up to 30% in heat release rate. The paper introduces a test protocol and equations to calculate the heat release rate taking dilution effects into account. A mathematical correction is shown that compensates for the dilution effects while avoiding extensive mechanical changes in the equipment. KW - Controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter KW - Heat release rate KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Cone calorimeter KW - Vitiation and ventilation control KW - Excess air PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2175 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 204 EP - 226 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-30317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Werrel, Martin A1 - Deubel, Jan A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Antonatus, E. A1 - Krause, U. A1 - Duerler, F. T1 - Use and benefit of a controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter N2 - A controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter that is built by modifying the Standard apparatus with the addition of a controlled-atmosphere chamber offers a time- and cost-saving approach for reaction-to-fire testing in vitiation- and ventilation-controlled atmospheres. Due to the design of the added enclosure no mechanical changes on cone calorimeter’s Standard ductwork are required. This offers some advantages but also important limitations. The design has an open connection between the outlet of the added enclosure and the cone calorimeter’s exhaust hood. Therefore, sufficient ambient air from the laboratory surroundings is drawn into the System to introduce effects which have the potential to affect test results significantly. A procedure which is is suitable to consider physical effects of the ambient air on the calculation of the heat release rate is presented as well as initial results of an application towards toxic potency assessment. Signs for Chemical effects of the ambient air such as post reactions are shown but subject of an ongoing work. T2 - Fire and materials 2013 - 13th International conference and exhibition CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 28.01.2013 KW - Controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter KW - Heat release rate KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Smoke toxicity PY - 2013 SP - 273 EP - 286 PB - Interscience Communications CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-27707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -