TY - CONF
A1 - Feigl, Michael
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Sojref, Regine
A1 - Dressler, Martin
A1 - Pulz, Robert
A1 - Rehmer, Birgit
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Sabel, Martin
T1 - Aluminiumoxidschichten für den Oxidationsschutz von Hochtemperaturlegierungen
N2 - Effektive Al2O3-Keramik-Schutzschichten könnten die Verwendung preiswerterer Legierungen für Hochtemperaturanwendungen ermöglichen. Die Anforderungen an diese Schichten sind eine gute Haftung, chemische Stabilität und Dichtheit gegen die Umgebungsatmosphäre.
T2 - DKG-Jahrestagung/Symposium Hochleistungskeramik
CY - Aachen, Germany
DA - 23.03.2009
KW - Schichtherstellung
KW - Schichttestung
KW - Hochtemperaturanwendungen
PY - 2009
AN - OPUS4-35836
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dreßler, Martin
A1 - Dombrowski, Felix
A1 - Simon, Ulla
A1 - Börnstein, Julian
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Feigl, Michael
A1 - Grunow, Sabrina
A1 - Gildenhaar, Renate
A1 - Neumann, Martin
T1 - Influence of gelatine coatings on compressive strength of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics
N2 - Porous ceramics prepared by the foam replication technique have a high porosity and low mechanical stability. It has been reported that coating such porous ceramics with gelatin allows for an improved compressive strength. Little details regarding the influence of important gelatin parameters such as concentration, temperature and drying conditions as well as bloom number which is a measure of the gel rigidity, on this toughening effect are available. This paper investigates the influence of these parameters on compressive strength of gelatin coated porous hydroxyapatite ceramics. It was found that concentration in the gelatin sols has a marked impact whereas sol temperature, bloom number and differing conditions during subsequent drying have only little influence on the compressive strength of the coated ceramics.
KW - Films
KW - Composites
KW - Strength
KW - Apatite
KW - Biomedical application
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.11.004
SN - 0955-2219
SN - 1873-619X
VL - 31
IS - 4
SP - 523
EP - 529
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-23216
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gauglitz, Günter
A1 - Bodensteiner, Michael
A1 - Bohleber, Pascal
A1 - Clases, David
A1 - Dahms, Marcel
A1 - Engelhard, Carsten
A1 - Haider, Markus
A1 - Hayen, Heiko
A1 - Herbst‐Irmer, Regine
A1 - Jäger, Martin
A1 - Kramell, Annemarie E.
A1 - Legner, Robin
A1 - Matysik, Frank‐Michael
A1 - Pöthig, Alexander
A1 - Rädle, Matthias
A1 - Seifert, Stephan
A1 - Steinhauser, Georg
A1 - Wolter, Kathrin
T1 - Trendbericht Analytische Chemie 2024
N2 - Mehrdimensionale Trenntechniken sowie Kopplungstechniken verbessern weiter die Auflösung in der Analytik. In der Elementanalytik beeindrucken neue Entwicklungen der Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma, in der Archäometrie zerstörungsfreie In‐situ‐Analysen. Der 3‐D‐Druck treibt die elektroanalytische Forschung voran, und die Prozessanalytik setzt auf Lab‐on‐a‐Chip und vermeldet Neues bei der Raman‐Spektroskopie mit Flüssigkernlichtleitern.
KW - Analytische Chemie
KW - Trenntechniken
KW - Elementanalytik
KW - Massenspektrometrie
KW - Prozessanalytik
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20244139242
SN - 1868-0054
VL - 72
IS - 4
SP - 52
EP - 64
PB - Wiley
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-62155
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chan, George C.-Y.
A1 - Hieftje, Gary M.
A1 - Omenetto, Nicoló
A1 - Axner, Ove
A1 - Bengtson, Arne
A1 - Bings, Nicolas H.
A1 - Blades, Michael W.
A1 - Bogaerts, Annemie
A1 - Bolshov, Mikhail A.
A1 - Broekaert, José A.C.
A1 - Chan, WingTat
A1 - Costa-Fernández, José M.
A1 - Crouch, Stanley R.
A1 - De Giacomo, Alessandro
A1 - D’Ulivo, Alessandro
A1 - Engelhard, Carsten
A1 - Falk, Heinz
A1 - Farnsworth, Paul B.
A1 - Florek, Stefan
A1 - Gamez, Gerardo
A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B.
A1 - Günther, Detlef
A1 - Hahn, David W.
A1 - Hang, Wei
A1 - Hoffmann, Volker
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Karanassios, Vassili
A1 - Koppenaal, David W.
A1 - Kenneth Marcus, R.
A1 - Noll, Reinhard
A1 - Olesik, John W.
A1 - Palleschi, Vincenzo
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Pisonero, Jorge
A1 - Ray, Steven J.
A1 - Resano, Martín
A1 - Russo, Richard E.
A1 - Scheeline, Alexander
A1 - Smith, Benjamin W.
A1 - Sturgeon, Ralph E.
A1 - Todolí, José-Luis
A1 - Tognoni, Elisabetta
A1 - Vanhaecke, Frank
A1 - Webb, Michael R.
A1 - Winefordner, James D.
A1 - Yang, Lu
A1 - Yu, Jin
A1 - Zhang, Zhanxia
T1 - Landmark Publications in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry: Fundamentals and
Instrumentation Development
N2 - The almost-two-centuries history of spectrochemical analysis has generated a body of literature so vast that it has become nearly intractable for experts, much less for those wishing to enter the field. Authoritative, focused reviews help to address this problem but become so granular that the overall directions of the field are lost. This broader perspective can be provided partially by general overviews but then the thinking, experimental details, theoretical underpinnings and instrumental innovations of the original work must be sacrificed. In the present compilation, this dilemma is overcome by assembling the most impactful publications in the area of analytical atomic spectrometry. Each entry was proposed by at least one current expert in the field and supported by a narrative that justifies its inclusion. The entries were then assembled into a coherent sequence and returned to contributors for a round-robin review.
KW - Analytical atomic spectrometry
KW - Spectroscopy
KW - Instrumental analysis
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-621588
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028241263567
SN - 1943-3530
VL - 78
SP - 1
EP - 456
PB - Sage
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-62158
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Kreißig, Michael
A1 - Liebner, Christian
A1 - Spoormaker, T.
T1 - Identifizierung von sicherheitstechnisch gefährlichen Bedingungen für schlagartige Kompressionsvorgänge chemisch instabiler Gase im industriellen Maßstab
N2 - Tetrafluorethen wird von der Polymerindustrie seit Jahrzenten als monomeres Ausgangsmaterial sowohl für die Herstellung von Polymeren (PTFE) als auch für Kopolymere (PCTFE) eingesetzt. Aufgrund seiner Eigenschaft als chemisch instabiles Gas kann TFE auch ohne Luftsauerstoff oder einen anderen Oxydator explosionsartig zerfallen. Nach der Initiierung des Zerfalls kann dieser unter bestimmten Bedingungen aufgrund des exothermen Reaktionsverhaltens sich selbstständig in Apparaten und Rohrleitungen ausbreiten. Dies geht aufgrund der freigesetzten Reaktionsenthalpie mit einem schlagartigen Anstieg von Druck und Temperatur einher, was zu erheblichen Belastungen der Materialien bis hin zum Versagen und Bruch und möglichen Folgeschäden einschließlich Personenschäden führen kann und in der Vergangenheit bereits mehrfach geführt hat.
Besonders nach Wartungsarbeiten besteht die Gefahr, dass Teilabschnitte im Rohrleitungssystem mit TFE, Stickstoff oder Luft gefüllt sind mit Drücken in einem Bereich zwischen technischem Vakuum und atmosphärischem Druck wohingegen angrenzende Rohrabschnitte oder Behälter immer noch TFE bei Betriebsdrücken bis 32 bar enthalten können. Dabei sind die Abschnitte in der Praxis häufig durch Kugelhähne voneinander getrennt, die aufgrund ihrer Öffnungscharakteristik bereits bei geringen Betätigungswinkeln eine große Querschnittsfreigabe für die Strömung im Rohr ermöglichen. Dadurch können schlagartige Kompressionsvorgänge des Gases im Niederdruckbereich ermöglicht werden, die allein aufgrund der thermodynamischen Zustandsänderung zu einer erheblichen Temperaturerhöhung führen und im schlimmsten Fall zur Initiierung der Zerfallsreaktion führen können.
Es wird erstmalig ein Versuchsaufbau im Industriemaßstab, der einer explosionsartigen Zerfallsreaktion von TFE standhalten kann. Zahlreiche Sicherheitskonzepte einschließlich diverser Berstscheibenkonfigurationen als auch zeitgesteuerte Schnellschlussventile wurden eingehend untersucht und bewertet, um die optimale Versuchskonfiguration für bestmögliche Reproduzierbarkeit festzulegen. Es fand eine systematische Untersuchung der schlagartigen Kompression der Systeme Luft/Luft, TFE/Luft, TFE/TFE und TFE/N2 statt. In der Hochdrucksektion wurden Drücke bis 30 bar realisiert und im Niederdrucksektor konnten Anfangsdrücke im Bereich weniger Millibar bis hin zu Atmosphärendruck eingestellt werden. Als Hauptergebnis wurde ein „Hazard diagram" erstellt, mit dessen Hilfe die Zündwahrscheinlichkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Hochdruck und Niederdruck abgeschätzt werden kann. Gefährliche Bedingungen in Rohrleitungen können dadurch auf einfachem Weg identifiziert werden. Als Referenzsystem zur Beurteilung der maximal erreichbaren nicht reaktiven Kompressionstemperaturen wurde Luft/Luft verwendet. Die damit ermittelten Daten dienten zur Bewertung von zusätzlichen exothermen Effekten, wie sie etwa bei Vorreaktion des TFE im Falle einer Dimerisierung auftreten können.
Entgegen der ursprünglichen Annahme konnten die Systeme TFE/Stickstoff und TFE/TFE im verwendeten Aufbau nicht durch Kompressionsvorgänge gezündet werden.
T2 - 12. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit
CY - Köthen, Germany
DA - 05.11.2015
KW - Tetrafluoroethen
KW - Zerfall
KW - Selbstentzündung
KW - Adiabate Kompression
PY - 2015
SN - 978-3-86011-091-1
SP - 1
EP - 10
AN - OPUS4-34852
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Uhlig, S.
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Malow, Marcus
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Zakel, S.
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS interlaboratory tests for chemical safety: Validation of laboratory test methods by determining the measurement uncertainty and probability of incorrect classification including so-called “Shark profiles”
N2 - Laboratory test results are of vital importance for correctly classifying and labelling chemicals as “hazardous” as defined in the UN Globally Harmonized System (GHS) / EC CLP Regulation or as “dangerous goods” as defined in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of laboratory test results. Interlaboratory tests performed over the last 10 years have examined different laboratory test methods. After analysing the results of these interlaboratory tests, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. There is a need for improvement and validation for all laboratory test methods examined.
2. To avoid any discrepancy concerning the classification and labelling of chemicals, the use of validated laboratory test methods should be state of the art, with the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty and (if applicable) the probability of incorrect classification.
This paper addresses the probability of correct/incorrect classification (for example, as dangerous goods) on the basis of the measurement deviation obtained from interlaboratory tests performed by the Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances (CEQAT-DGHS) to validate laboratory test methods. This paper outlines typical results (e.g. so-called “Shark profiles” – the probability of incorrect classification as a function of the true value estimated from interlaboratory test data) as well as general conclusions and steps to be taken to guarantee that laboratory test results are fit for purpose and of high quality.
T2 - 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE 2020)
CY - Braunschweig, Germany
DA - 27.07.2020
KW - Dangerous goods
KW - Hazardous substances
KW - Interlaboratory test
KW - Test method
KW - Validation
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Measurement uncertainty
KW - Incorrect classification
KW - Shark profile
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515376
UR - https://oar.ptb.de/files/download/5f3e662f4c93901010006dbf
DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/810.20200724
VL - 2020
SP - 50
EP - 61
PB - Open Access Repository der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB-OAR)
CY - Braunschweig
AN - OPUS4-51537
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Diller, Johannes
A1 - Siebert, Ludwig
A1 - Winkler, Michael
A1 - Siebert, Dorina
A1 - Blankenhagen, Jakob
A1 - Wenzler, David
A1 - Radlbeck, Christina
A1 - Mensinger, Martin
T1 - An integrated approach for detecting and classifying pores and surface topology for fatigue assessment 316L manufactured by powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam using μ$$ \mu $$CT and machine learning algorithms
N2 - AbstractThis research aims to detect and analyze critical internal and surface defects in metal components manufactured by powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF‐LB/M). The aim is to assess their impact on the fatigue behavior. Therefore, a combination of methods, including image processing of micro‐computed tomography (CT) scans, fatigue testing, and machine learning, was applied. A workflow was established to contribute to the nondestructive assessment of component quality and mechanical properties. Additionally, this study illustrates the application of machine learning to address a classification problem, specifically the categorization of pores into gas pores and lack of fusion pores. Although it was shown that internal defects exhibited a reduced impact on fatigue behavior compared with surface defects, it was noted that surface defects exert a higher influence on fatigue behavior. A machine learning algorithm was developed to predict the fatigue life using surface defect features as input parameters.
KW - Fatigue
KW - Machine learning
KW - Micro-computed tomography
KW - Powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam
KW - Quality assurance
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14375
SN - 8756-758X
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60593
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Brandes, E.
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Kurth, Lutz
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Uhlig, S.
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm der BAM in Kooperation mit QuoData und PTB
N2 - Bei der Bewertung der Verlässlichkeit der im Labor gewonnenen Prüfergebnisse spielen Ringversuche eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) unterstützt deshalb den weiteren Ausbau des Ringversuchsprogramms des im Jahr 2007 gegründeten Kompetenzzentrums zur Qualitätssicherung für Prüfungen von Gefahrgütern und Gefahrstoffen auf physikalische Gefahren (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, CEQAT-DGHS).
Bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden besteht ein Verbesserungsbedarf. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenentwicklung, -verbesserung und -validierung abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests.
T2 - 14. Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik (BAM-PTB-Kolloquium)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 14.06.2016
KW - Gefahrgut
KW - Gefahrstoff
KW - Ringversuch
KW - Prüfmethode
KW - Validierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2016
SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7
SN - 0938-5533
SP - 143
EP - 143
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38464
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Brandes, E.
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Kurth, Lutz
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Uhlig, S.
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit – Methodenvalidierung
N2 - Bei der Bewertung der Verlässlichkeit der im Labor gewonnenen Prüfergebnisse spielen Ringversuche eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) unterstützt deshalb den weiteren Ausbau des Ringversuchsprogramms des im Jahr 2007 gegründeten Kompetenzzentrums zur Qualitätssicherung für Prüfungen von Gefahrgütern und Gefahrstoffen auf physikalische Gefahren (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, CEQAT-DGHS).
Bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden besteht ein Verbesserungsbedarf. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenentwicklung, -verbesserung und -validierung und auf die Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit der jeweiligen Prüfmethode abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests.
T2 - 13. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit
CY - Köthen, Germany
DA - 16.11.2017
KW - Gefahrgut
KW - Gefahrstoff
KW - Ringversuch
KW - Prüfmethode
KW - Validierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2017
SN - 978-3-96057-032-5
SP - 1
EP - 13
CY - Köthen
AN - OPUS4-43299
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Guhl, Svetlana
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Wander, Lukas
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Produzieren Sie schon oder kalibrieren Sie noch? – Online-NMR-Spektrometer als Smarte Feldgeräte
N2 - Der Vortrag zeigt allgemeine Anforderungen an "smarte Feldgeräte" und deren Entwicklung in den vergangenen Jahren. Am Beispiel eines smarten Online-NMR-Sensors, der in einem EU-Projekt von der BAM entwickelt wurde, wird die Umsetzung der Anforderung aufgezeigt. Schließlich werden weitere Technologieanforderungen und Lösungsansätze vorgestellt.
T2 - ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 33. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen
CY - Aachen, Germany
DA - 10.09.2018
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Prozessindustrie
KW - Online-NMR-Spektroskopie
KW - Datenkonzepte
KW - Datenanalyse
KW - CONSENS
PY - 2018
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cite.201855229
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201855229
SN - 0009-286X
N1 - Geburtsname von Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M. - Birth name of Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M.
VL - 90
IS - 9
SP - 1236
EP - 1236
PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-45901
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Brandes, E.
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Kurth, Lutz
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Uhlig, S.
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit -Methodenvalidierung
N2 - Bei der Bewertung der Verlässlichkeit der im Labor gewonnenen Prüfergebnisse spielen Ringversuche eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) unterstützt deshalb den weiteren Ausbau des Ringversuchsprogramms des im Jahr 2007 gegründeten Kompetenzzentrums zur Qualitätssicherung für Prüfungen von Gefahrgütern und Gefahrstoffen auf physikalische Gefahren (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, CEQAT-DGHS).
Bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden besteht ein Verbesserungsbedarf. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenentwicklung, -verbesserung und -validierung und auf die Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit der jeweiligen Prüfmethode abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests.
T2 - Behörden-Erfahungsaustausch
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 4. Juni 2018
KW - Prüfmethode
KW - Methodenvalidierung
KW - Gefahrgut
KW - Gefahrstoff
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2018
AN - OPUS4-45297
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pimienta, Pierre
A1 - McNamee, Robert
A1 - Robert, Fabienne
A1 - Boström, Lars
A1 - Huang, Shan-Shan
A1 - Mróz, Katarzyna
A1 - Davie, Colin
A1 - Mohaine, Siyimane
A1 - Alonso, Maria Cruz
A1 - Bodnarova, Lenka
A1 - Bosnjak, Josipa
A1 - Dal Pont, Stefano
A1 - Dao, Vinh
A1 - Dauti, Dorjan
A1 - Dehn, Frank
A1 - Felicetti, Roberto
A1 - Hager, Izabela
A1 - Hela, Rudolf
A1 - Hozjan, Tomaz
A1 - Juknat, Michael
A1 - Jumppanen, Ulla-Maija
A1 - Kirnbauer, Johannes
A1 - Kolsek, Jerneja
A1 - Korzen, Manfred
A1 - Lakhani, Hitesh
A1 - Lion, Maxime
A1 - Lo Monte, Francesco
A1 - Maluk, Cristian
A1 - Meftah, Fekri
A1 - Miah, Md Jihad
A1 - Millard, Alain
A1 - Mindeguia, Jean-Christophe
A1 - Moreau, Bérénice
A1 - Msaad, Yahia
A1 - Ozawa, Mitsuo
A1 - Pesavento, Francesco
A1 - Pham, Duc Toan
A1 - Pistol, Klaus
A1 - Rickard, Ieuan
A1 - Rodrigues, Joao Paulo Correia
A1 - Roosefid, Mohsen
A1 - Schneider, Martin
A1 - Sharma, Umesh Kumar
A1 - Sideris, Kosmas
A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig
A1 - Weber, Benedikt
A1 - Weise, Frank
T1 - Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on fire spalling assessment during standardised fire resistance tests: complementary guidance and requirements
N2 - The recommendation is based on the co-authors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF “Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling”. It aims to provide useful information, guidance and best practices in fire spalling assessment to laboratories that perform large-scale tests based on fire resistance test standards. It provides guidance on the spalling observation techniques during testing, as well as post-test spalling quantification/assessment methods. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire resistance test standards, e.g. EN 1363-1 and ISO 834-1.
KW - Concrete
KW - Fire spalling
KW - Large scale tests
KW - Standardised fire resistance tests
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02248-z
SN - 1871-6873
VL - 57
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht
AN - OPUS4-59288
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pimienta, Pierre
A1 - McNamee, Robert
A1 - Hager, Izabela
A1 - Mróz, Katarzyna
A1 - Boström, Lars
A1 - Mohaine, Siyimane
A1 - Huang, Shan-Shan
A1 - Mindeguia, Jean-Christophe
A1 - Robert, Fabienne
A1 - Davie, Colin
A1 - Felicetti, Roberto
A1 - Miah, Md Jihad
A1 - Lion, Maxime
A1 - Lo Monte, Francesco
A1 - Ozawa, Mitsuo
A1 - Rickard, Ieuan
A1 - Sideris, Kosmas
A1 - Alonso, Maria Cruz
A1 - Millard, Alain
A1 - Jumppanen, Ulla-Maija
A1 - Bodnarova, Lenka
A1 - Bosnjak, Josipa
A1 - Dal Pont, Stefano
A1 - Dao, Vinh
A1 - Dauti, Dorjan
A1 - Dehn, Frank
A1 - Hela, Rudolf
A1 - Hozjan, Tomaz
A1 - Juknat, Michael
A1 - Kirnbauer, Johannes
A1 - Kolsek, Jerneja
A1 - Korzen, Manfred
A1 - Lakhani, Hitesh
A1 - Maluk, Cristian
A1 - Meftah, Fekri
A1 - Moreau, Bérénice
A1 - Pesavento, Francesco
A1 - Pham, Duc Toan
A1 - Pistol, Klaus
A1 - Correia Rodrigues, Joao Paulo
A1 - Roosefid, Mohsen
A1 - Schneider, Martin
A1 - Sharma, Umesh Kumar
A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig
A1 - Weber, Benedikt
A1 - Weise, Frank
T1 - Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on the method of testing concrete spalling due to fire: material screening test
N2 - The recommendation is based on the coauthors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF ‘‘Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling’’. The Committee has defined two types of screening tests for characterization of concrete propensity to fire spalling: Material screening tests and Product screening tests. Definitions of both types of tests are given in the paper. The following recommendations apply to Material screening tests. The material screening tests described in these recommendations are a set of minimum requirements to test concrete spalling propensity (for example, the minimal specimen size). This document covers the aspects of concrete characterization, specimen geometries, storage conditions, test methods and measured parameters.
KW - Concrete
KW - Fire Spalling
KW - Screening tests
KW - High temperature
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02202-z
VL - 56
IS - 9
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60635
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter
A1 - Seifert, Alexander
A1 - Bulin, Michael
T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen brennbarer Stäube in Datenbanken - Besonderheiten, Anwendungsgrenzen, Bandbreiten
N2 - Während die Gefahr von Explosionen dort besteht, wo Stäube aufgewirbelt vorliegen, bergen abgelagerte Stäube das Risiko von Bränden. Die Beurteilung daraus entstehender Gefahren und das Auslegen von vorbeugenden und konstruktiven Schutzmaßnahmen erfolgt über sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen (STK). Diese lagen bislang in Datenbanken nur in Einzelwerten vor und wurden nun zu Gruppen zusammengefasst. Das Besondere daran: Erstmals werden nun bewertete Bandbreiten angegeben, in denen sich die STK der Stäube bewegen.
KW - Brennbare Stäube
KW - Kenngrößen
KW - Staubexplosionen
KW - Brände
PY - 2015
SN - 0946-7939
VL - 21
IS - 2
SP - 56
EP - 60
PB - Vogel Trans Tech Publications
CY - Würzburg
AN - OPUS4-33119
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Sojref, Regine
A1 - Feigl, Michael
A1 - Dreßler, Martin
A1 - Dörfel, Ilona
T1 - Sol-Gel-Aluminiumoxidschichten für den Oxidationsschutz von Hochtemperaturlegierungen, Teil 2
KW - Alumosol
KW - Sol-Gel-Verfahren
KW - Beschichtung
KW - Oxidationsschutz
PY - 2009
SN - 0023-0561
VL - 61
IS - 5
SP - 272
EP - 277
PB - DVS-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-20263
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Sojref, Regine
A1 - Feigl, Michael
A1 - Dreßler, Martin
A1 - Dörfel, Ilona
T1 - Sol-Gel-Aluminiumoxidschichten für den Oxidationsschutz von Hochtemperaturlegierungen, Teil 1
KW - Alumosol
KW - Sol-Gel-Verfahren
KW - Beschichtung
KW - Oxidationsschutz
PY - 2009
SN - 0023-0561
VL - 61
IS - 2-3
SP - 82
EP - 86
PB - DVS-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-20264
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Böhme, Thilo
A1 - Bulin, Michael
A1 - Scheid, Marc
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Seifert, Alexander
A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter
T1 - Festlegung relevanter sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen von Stäuben für den Explosionsschutz und Erarbeitung der zugehörigen Bandbreiten auf der Grundlage vorhandener Daten zur Aufnahme in den GSBL
N2 - Ziel des F&E-Vorhabens des GSBL (BAM Vh 2520) war die Erarbeitung von Datensätzen auf der Grundlage bereits bestehender Staubdaten (für Datenbasis siehe Abschnitt 4) und die Übergabe der erarbeiteten Datensätze in elektronischer Form an den GSBL bis spätestens 31.05.2011. Der entsprechende Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvertrag trat am 01.08.2009 in Kraft.
Für die Erarbeitung der Datensätze mussten neuartige Konzepte entwickelt werden (siehe Abschnitt 3.5; Abschnitt 3.3 gibt eine Einführung in das Staub-Fachgebiet und behandelt die Besonderheit von Stäuben). Aufgrund von Schwierigkeiten bei der Auswertung und bei der Zusammenstellung der Daten, die erst im Verlaufe des Projekts erkannt wurden, hat es beträchtliche Verzögerungen bei der Erstellung der Datensätze gegeben. Dies führte zu der Feststellung, dass eine Laufzeitverlängerung des Projekts notwendig war. Im Mai 2011 wurde daher ein entsprechender Antrag beim Auftraggeber gestellt. Der Antrag auf kostenneutrale Laufzeitverlängerung führte schließlich zu einer Änderung des ursprünglichen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvertrags. Der Änderungsvertrag sah eine Verlängerung des Projekts bis zum 30.04.2012 vor.
Um die Datensätze im GSBL abbilden zu können, war es auch erforderlich, eine adäquate Datenstruktur zu entwerfen und diese im GSBL zu implementieren. Die Bekanntgabe der zur Abbildung der Datensätze notwendigen Struktur erfolgte am 11.01.2011 per E-Mail (EXCELDatei gsbldbdir3_23_0029)2. Veränderungen bzw. Präzisierungen dieser Datenstruktur wurden dem GSBL am 19.01.2011 und am 28.01.2011 mitgeteilt, ebenfalls per E-Mail3. Am 19.10.2011 erfolgte eine weitere Änderung, die die sogenannte Nachschlagetabelle betrifft: Der Textinhalt der Tabelle T_STAUBM lautet nun "Auswertung vorhandener Datenkollektive durch Experten-Team." (ursprünglicher Wortlaut: "Auswertung vorhandener Datenkollektive durch Experten"). Die Änderung geht auf einen Wunsch des GSBL-Begleitkreises zurück, der am 07.10.2011 auf der in der BAM stattgefundenen Besprechung vorgebracht wurde.
KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Stäuben
KW - Bandbreiten
KW - Explosionsschutz
KW - GSBL
KW - Datenbank
PY - 2012
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-260765
SN - 978-3-9815134-0-0
IS - Abschlussbericht
SP - 1
EP - 129
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-26076
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Scheid, Marc
A1 - Seifert, Alexander
A1 - Böhme, Thilo
A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter
A1 - Bulin, Michael
T1 - Bandbreiten sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen von Stäuben - Erarbeitung von Staubgruppen und zugehöriger Bandbreiten sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen auf der Grundlage vorhandener Daten zur Aufnahme in den Gemeinsamen Stoffdatenpool Bund / Länder
T2 - VDI-Fachtagung - Sichere Handhabung brennbarer Stäube
CY - Nürnberg, Germany
DA - 2012-11-06
KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen
KW - Brennbare Stäube
KW - Brandschutz
KW - Explosionsschutz
PY - 2012
SN - 978-3-18-092182-2
SN - 0083-5560
N1 - Serientitel: VDI-Berichte – Series title: VDI-Berichte
VL - 2182
SP - 37
EP - 50
PB - VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-26973
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Scheid, Marc
A1 - Seifert, Alexander
A1 - Böhme, Thilo
A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter
A1 - Bulin, Michael
T1 - Aufnahme sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen von Stäuben in den Gemeinsamen Stoffdatenpool Bund/Länder - Gruppierung vorhandener Daten und Ableiten bewerteter Bandbreiten
N2 - Staubexplosionen können in nahezu allen Branchen auftreten, in denen brennbare Schüttgüter und Stäube gehandhabt werden oder entstehen können, vor allem dort, wo Stäube in aufgewirbelter Form vorkommen. Abgelagerte Stäube können bei starker Erwärmung zur Entzündung gelangen. Die Beurteilung daraus entstehender Gefahren und das Auslegen von vorbeugenden und konstruktiven Schutzmaßnahmen erfolgt über sog. sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen (STK). Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesland Sachsen geförderten Projekts sind von der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) STK brennbarer Stäube zu Staubgruppen zusammengefasst und in den Gemeinsamen Stoffdatenpool Bund/Länder (GSBL) integriert worden. Grundlage für die Staubgruppen waren zahlreiche Datensätze, die in der Datenbank GESTIS-STAUB-EX des Instituts für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA) veröffentlich sind. Angegeben werden allerdings nicht mehr die dort enthaltenen Kenngrößen einzelner Stäube, sondern Bandbreiten, innerhalb derer sich die STK der in den Staubgruppen zusammengefassten Stäube bewegen können. Je nach Datenlage wurden die sicherheitsrelevanten Grenzen dieser Bandbreiten mit einem Ranking versehen.
KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen
KW - Stäube
KW - Staubexplosionen
KW - Datenbank
PY - 2013
SN - 2191-0073
VL - 3
IS - 4
SP - 10
EP - 14
PB - Springer-VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-28064
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Scheid, Marc
A1 - Seifert, Alexander
A1 - Böhme, Thilo
A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter
A1 - Bulin, Michael
ED - Beyer, M.
ED - Stolz, T.
T1 - Erweiterung der GSBL-Datenbank um sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen brennbarer Stäube - Erstellung von Staubgruppen und Ableiten bewerteter Bandbreiten
N2 - Die Beurteilung des Gefahrenpotentials brennbarer Stäube erfolgt üblicherweise mit Hilfe so genannter sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen (STK). Häufig werden hierfür in Datenbanken bereitgestellte Werte in der Vergangenheit untersuchter Stäube herangezogen. Insbesondere aufgrund stofflicher Unterschiede der untersuchten Stäube sind erhebliche Streuungen der ermittelten STK in Datenbanken enthaltener namentlich identischer Stäube festzustellen. Die Verwendung der Daten von Einzelstäuben kann daher zu unsicheren Einschätzungen hinsichtlich des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes führen. Vorgestellt wird ein Konzept, Stäube zu praxisrelevanten Gruppen zusammenzufassen und bewertete Bandbreiten sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen anzugeben. Die im Rahmen eines vom Sächsischen Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, Dresden, geförderten Vorhabens generierten Staubgruppen und zugehörigen Bandbreiten der STK stehen in der Datenbank GSBLpublic für die freie Nutzung zur Verfügung.
T2 - 13. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik
CY - Braunschweig, Germany
DA - 18.06.2013
KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen
KW - Stäube
KW - Staubexplosionen
KW - Datenbank
KW - Brand- und Explosionsgefahren
PY - 2013
SN - 978-3-95606-062-5
DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/210.20130801U
SN - 1868-5838
SP - 170
EP - 177
AN - OPUS4-29822
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Meyer, Klas
T1 - Calibration-Free Chemical Process and Quality Control Units as Enablers for Modular Production
N2 - Modular chemical production is a tangible translation of the digital transformation of the process industry for specialty chemicals. In particular, it enables the speeding-up of process development and thus a quicker time to market by flexibly connecting and orchestrating standardised physical modules and bringing them to life (i.e., parameterising them) with digitally accumulated process knowledge.
We focus on the specific challenges of chemical process and quality control, which in its current form is not well suited for modular production and provide possible approaches and examples of the change towards direct analytical methods, analytical model transfer or machine-supported processes.
KW - Modular Production
KW - Chemical Process Control
KW - Process Analytical Technology
KW - Digital Transformation
KW - Industry 4.0
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517264
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.202000150
SN - 1522-2640
VL - 93
IS - 1-2
SP - 62
EP - 70
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-51726
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prabitz, Konstantin Manuel
A1 - Antretter, Thomas
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
A1 - El-Sari, Bassel
A1 - Schubert, Holger
A1 - Hilpert, Benjamin
A1 - Gruber, Martin
A1 - Sierlinger, Robert
A1 - Ecker, Werner
T1 - Numerical and experimental assessment of liquid metal embrittlement in externally loaded spot welds
N2 - Zinc-based surface coatings are widely applied with high-strength steels in automotive industry. Some of these base materials show an increased brittle cracking risk during loading. It is necessary to examine electrogalvanized and uncoated samples of a high strength steel susceptible to liquid metal embrittlement during spot welding with applied external load. Therefore, a newly developed tensile test method with a simultaneously applied spot weld is conducted. A fully coupled 3D electrical, thermal, metallurgical and mechanical finite element model depicting the resistant spot welding process combined with the tensile test conducted is mandatory to correct geometric influences of the sample geometry and provides insights into the sample’s time dependent local loading. With increasing external loads, the morphology of the brittle cracks formed is affected more than the crack depth. The validated finite element model applies newly developed damage indicators to predict and explain the liquid metal embrittlement cracking onset and development as well as even ductile failure.
KW - Resistance spot welding
KW - Finite element simulation
KW - Advanced high-strength steel
KW - Liquid metal embrittlement
KW - Damage prediction
KW - Tensile resistance spot welding experiment
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594848
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-024-01696-7
SN - 0043-2288
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-59484
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Uhlig, S.
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Malow, Marcus
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Zakel, Sabine
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS interlaboratory tests for chemical safety: Validation of laboratory test methods by determining the measurement uncertainty and probability of incorrect classification including so-called “Shark profiles”
N2 - Laboratory test results are of vital importance for correctly classifying and labelling chemicals as “hazardous” as defined in the UN Globally Harmonized System (GHS) / EC CLP Regulation or as “dangerous goods” as defined in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of laboratory test results. Interlaboratory tests performed over the last 10 years have examined different laboratory test methods. After analysing the results of these interlaboratory tests, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. There is a need for improvement and validation for all laboratory test methods examined.
2. To avoid any discrepancy concerning the classification and labelling of chemicals, the use of validated laboratory test methods should be state of the art, with the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty and (if applicable) the probability of incorrect classification.
This paper addresses the probability of correct/incorrect classification (for example, as dangerous goods) on the basis of the measurement deviation obtained from interlaboratory tests performed by the Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances (CEQAT-DGHS) to validate laboratory test methods. This paper outlines typical results (e.g. so-called “Shark profiles” – the probability of incorrect classification as a function of the true value estimated from interlaboratory test data) as well as general conclusions and steps to be taken to guarantee that laboratory test results are fit for purpose and of high quality.
T2 - 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE 2020)
CY - Brunswick, Germany
DA - 27.07.2020
KW - Dangerous goods
KW - Hazardous substances
KW - Interlaboratory test
KW - Test method
KW - Validation
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Measurement uncertainty
KW - Incorrect classification
KW - Shark profiles
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104532
SN - 0950-4230/
VL - 72
SP - 104532
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-52751
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Lademann, J.
A1 - Kraume, M.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Contributions towards variable temperature shielding for compact NMR instruments
N2 - The application of compact NMR instruments to hot flowing samples or exothermically reacting mixtures is limited by the temperature sensitivity of permanent magnets. Typically, such temperature effects directly influence the achievable magnetic field homogeneity and hence measurement quality. The internal-temperature control loop of the magnet and instruments is not designed for such temperature compensation. Passive insulation is restricted by the small dimensions within the magnet borehole. Here, we present a design approach for active heat shielding with the aim of variable temperature control of NMR samples for benchtop NMR instruments using a compressed airstream which is variable in flow and temperature. Based on the system identification and surface temperature measurements through thermography, a model predictive control was set up to minimise any disturbance effect on the permanent magnet from the probe or sample temperature. This methodology will facilitate the application of variable-temperature shielding and, therefore, extend the application of compact NMR instruments to flowing sample temperatures that differ from the magnet temperature.
KW - Benchtop NMR
KW - Continuous Processes
KW - Inline Analytics
KW - Model Predictive Control
KW - Process Analytical Tecnology
KW - Temperature Control
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579219
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.5379
SN - 1097-458X
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-57921
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bubel, Martin
A1 - Schmid, Jochen
A1 - Carmesin, Maximilian
A1 - Kozachynskyi, Volodymyr
A1 - Esche, Erik
A1 - Bortz, Michael
T1 - Cubature-based uncertainty estimation for nonlinear regression models
N2 - Models are commonly utilized in chemical engineering to simulate real-world processes and phenomena. Given their role in guiding decision-making, accurately quantifying the uncertainty of these models is essential. Typically, these models are calibrated using experimental data that contain measurement errors, leading to uncertainty in the fitted model parameters. Current methods for estimating the prediction uncertainty of nonlinear regression models are often either computationally intensive or biased. In this study, we use sparse cubature formulas to estimate the prediction uncertainty of nonlinear regression models. Our findings indicate that this method provides a favorable balance between accuracy and computational efficiency, making it suitable for application in chemical engineering. We validate the performance of our proposed method through various regression case studies, including both theoretical toy models and practical models from chemical engineering.
KW - Nonlinear models
KW - Model uncertainty
KW - Parameter estimation
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-628008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2025.109035
SN - 1873-4375
VL - 197
SP - 1
EP - 23
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-62800
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
A1 - Frasca, Daniele
A1 - Schulze, Dietmar
A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker
A1 - Krafft, Bernd
A1 - Morys, Michael
A1 - Böhning, Martin
A1 - Rybak, Thomas
T1 - Multilayer graphene rubber nanocomposites
N2 - Multilayer Graphene (MLG), a nanoparticle with a specific surface of BET = 250 m²/g and thus made of only approximately 10 graphene sheets, is proposed as a nanofiller for rubbers. When homogenously dispersed, it works at low loadings enabling the replacement of carbon black (CB), increase in efficiency, or reduction in filler concentration. Actually the appropriate preparation yielded nanocomposites in which just 3 phr are sufficient to significantly improve the rheological, curing and mechanical properties of different rubbers, as shown for Chlorine-Isobutylene-Isoprene Rubber (CIIR), Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Natural Rubber (NR), and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR). A mere 3 phr of MLG tripled the Young’s modulus of CIIR, an effect equivalent to 20 phr of carbon black. Similar equivalents are observed for MLG/CB mixtures. MLG reduces gas permeability, increases thermal and electrical conductivities, and retards fire behavior. The later shown by the reduction in heat release rate in the cone calorimeter. The higher the nanofiller concentration is (3 phr, 5 phr, and 10 phr was investigated), the greater the improvement in the properties of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the MLG nanocomposites improve stability of mechanical properties against weathering. An increase in UV-absorption as well as a pronounced radical scavenging are proposed and were proved experimentally. To sum up, MLG is interesting as a multifunctional nanofiller and seems to be quite ready for rubber development.
T2 - TOP 2016, VIII International Conference on “Times of Polymers and Composites”
CY - Naples, Italy
DA - 19.06.2016
KW - Graphene
KW - Nanocomposite
KW - Rubber
PY - 2016
SN - 978-0-7354-1390-0
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4949621
SN - 0094-243X
SN - 1551-7616
VL - 1736
SP - 020046, 1
EP - 4
PB - AIP
AN - OPUS4-36864
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Liehr, Sascha
A1 - Wander, Lukas
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Müller, S.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Kowarik, Stefan
T1 - Artificial neural networks for quantitative online NMR spectroscopy
N2 - Industry 4.0 is all about interconnectivity, sensor-enhanced process control, and data-driven systems. Process analytical technology (PAT) such as online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is gaining in importance, as it increasingly contributes to automation and digitalization in production. In many cases up to now, however, a classical evaluation of process data and their transformation into knowledge is not possible or not economical due to the insufficiently large datasets available. When developing an automated method applicable in process control, sometimes only the basic data of a limited number of batch tests from typical product and process development campaigns are available. However, these datasets are not large enough for training machine-supported procedures. In this work, to overcome this limitation, a new procedure was developed, which allows physically motivated multiplication of the available reference data in order to obtain a sufficiently large dataset for training machine learning algorithms. The underlying example chemical synthesis was measured and analyzed with both application-relevant low-field NMR and high-field NMR spectroscopy as reference method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the potential to infer valuable process information already from relatively limited input data. However, in order to predict the concentration at complex conditions (many reactants and wide concentration ranges), larger ANNs and, therefore, a larger Training dataset are required. We demonstrate that a moderately complex problem with four reactants can be addressed using ANNs in combination with the presented PAT method (low-field NMR) and with the proposed approach to generate meaningful training data.
KW - Online NMR spectroscopy
KW - Real-time process monitoring
KW - Artificial neural networks
KW - Automation
KW - Process industry
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-507508
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02687-5
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 412
IS - 18
SP - 4447
EP - 4459
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-50750
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Liehr, Sascha
A1 - Wander, Lukas
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Müller, S.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Kowarik, Stefan
T1 - Training data of quantitative online NMR spectroscopy for artificial neural networks
N2 - Data set of low-field NMR spectra of continuous synthesis of nitro-4’-methyldiphenylamine (MNDPA). 1H spectra (43 MHz) were recorded as single scans.
Two different approaches for the generation of artificial neural networks training data for the prediction of reactant concentrations were used: (i) Training data based on combinations of measured pure component spectra and (ii) Training data based on a spectral model.
Synthetic low-field NMR spectra
First 4 columns in MAT-files represent component areas of each reactant within the synthetic mixture spectrum.
Xi (“pure component spectra dataset”)
Xii (“spectral model dataset”)
Experimental low-field NMR spectra from MNDPA-Synthesis
This data set represents low-field NMR-spectra recorded during continuous synthesis of nitro-4’-methyldiphenylamine (MNDPA). Reference values from high-field NMR results are included.
KW - NMR spectroscopy
KW - Real-time process monitoring
KW - Artificial neural networks
KW - Online NMR spectroscopy
KW - Automation
KW - Process industry
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677139
PB - Zenodo
CY - Geneva
AN - OPUS4-50456
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Kreißig, Michael
A1 - Liebner, Christian
A1 - Spoormaker, Tom
ED - DeRademacher, E.
ED - Schmelzer, P.
T1 - Identifying hazardous conditions for rapid compression scenarios of chemically unstable gases in industrial scaled pipes
N2 - The polymeric industry handles Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) as basic material for polymer (PTFE) and co-polymer (PCTFE) production. As a chemically unstable gas, it can react in an explosive way, without the presence of any other gases. Once initiated such an exothermic reaction can propagate through the pipe system of a plant and might lead to massive damages and/or fatalities. Especially after maintenance parts of the pipe systems can be filled with TFE, nitrogen or air at pressures up to atmospheric conditions whereas connected parts of pipes might still contain TFE at operating pressure state. Many of the regarding pipes are separated by ball valves, which allow a fast opening procedure. Thereby fast compression of the gas can occur and lead to a massive temperature increase which might induce unwanted reactions. Former tests in laboratory scale described by Meyer (2009) allowed an ignition of a TFE/air system by rapid compression only for a set of sharp defined boundary conditions. First tests in the lower industrial scale were done by Ferrero et al. (2013), where an ignition at typical industrial operating conditions was initiated. The results of the tests indicated that the critical achievable compression temperatures strongly depend on the setup and therefore on the pipe diameter as well. Therefore the necessity of further tests has been pointed out. The original setup presented by Ferrero (2013), which represents the smallest typical industrial size with an inner diameter of 1.125”, was modified to withstand an explosive decomposition reaction and to avoid a deflagration to detonation transition. Different safety concepts as burst discs and time controlled cut-off valves had been tested and evaluated to optimize the experimental setup for reproducible test conditions. This allowed the systematic investigation of the rapid compression of TFE–systems for the first time in the described scale without serious damages after an ignition. In the donor pipe always TFE at high pressure and in the receiving pipe TFE, nitrogen or air were present at an absolute pressure ranging from 500 Pa to atmospheric pressure.
The scope was to generate a “hazard diagram” in which the ignition probability in dependence of donor (high) pressure and the receiving (low) pressure is shown. Hazardous conditions can easily be determined. A reference method for the maximum achievable temperatures of non-reacting gas systems was created using an air/air-system. Thus reactive TFE-systems could be evaluated regarding additional exothermic effects. The final hazard diagram demonstrates that there is no sharp limit between a “safe” state and an “ignition” for a TFE/air-system. Rather a transition range exists, which decreases with rising donor pressure. An increased temperature in this range, sometimes combined with small pressure peaks in the profile, indicates first partial restricted reactions near the end flange. The more it gets closer to the “ignition” transition the more traces like soot or undefined solid fractions were found. A TFE/nitrogen- and a TFE/TFE-system could not be ignited at all. A description of the experimental tests as well as a detailed explanation of the hazard diagram will be presented.
T2 - 15th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries and accompanying exhibition
CY - Freiburg, Germany
DA - 05.06.2016
KW - explosion
KW - adiabatic compression
KW - self ignition
KW - plant safety
KW - decomposable gas
KW - fire
PY - 2016
SN - 978-88-95608-39-6
DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1648102
SN - 2283-9216
VL - 48
SP - 607
EP - 612
PB - AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
CY - Milano, Italy
AN - OPUS4-37917
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Dutschke, Andreas
A1 - Lohrer, Christian
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
A1 - Kurth, Lutz
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Kaiser, Michael
A1 - Stattaus, Kim
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
T1 - Determination of reaction products during a large firework display in Germany
T2 - 11th International symposium on fireworks
CY - Puerto Vallarta, México
DA - 2009-04-20
KW - Firework display
KW - Reaction products
KW - Particles
KW - Sound pressure
PY - 2009
SN - 978-0-9734123-8-3
SP - 50
EP - 63
AN - OPUS4-19383
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Ferrero, Fabio
A1 - Zeps, Robert
A1 - Kreißig, Michael
A1 - Steinhübel, Marco
T1 - Untersuchung des Zündverhaltens von Tetrafluorethylen/Luft-Gemischen durch Kompressionsvorgänge im Pilot- und Industriemaßstab
N2 - Die adiabate Kompression stellt insbesondere für zerfallsfähige Gase eine potentielle Zündquelle sowohl bei Herstellungsprozessen als auch beim Umgang in weiterverarbeitenden Betrieben oder beim Endnutzer dar. So kam es in der Vergangenheit etwa in TFE-verarbeitenden Anlagen wiederholt zu Störfällen durch Adiabate Kompressionsvorgänge des Monomers. Unter dem Begriff „zerfallsfähige Gase“ oder auch „chemisch-instabile Gase“ versteht man Gase, bei denen es auch in Abwesenheit eines Oxidators nach einer Zündung zu einem explosionsartigem Reaktionsverlauf kommen kann, wie es etwa beim Tetrafluorethylen (TFE) der Fall ist.
Die Zerfallsreaktion von TFE ist in Gleichung dargestellt. Sobald eine Zündquelle die Zerfallsreaktion initiiert, kann diese bei bestimmten Anfangsbedingungen von Druck und Temperatur explosionsartig verlaufen. Die schnelle Reaktionsrate zusammen mit der hohen Exothermie der Reaktion kann zur Bildung von heftigen Explosionen führen, wie sie sonst nur bei Brenngas/Oxidator-Gernischen üblich sind.
T2 - 11. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit
CY - Köthen, Germany
DA - 07.11.2013
PY - 2013
SN - 978-3-86011-058-4
IS - P-14
SP - 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-30027
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arppe, Riika
A1 - Hyppänen, I.
A1 - Perälä, N.
A1 - Peltomaa, R.
A1 - Kaiser, Martin
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Christ, S.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Schäferling, Michael
A1 - Soukka, T.
T1 - Quenching of the upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ and NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ nanophosphors by water: the role of the sensitizer Yb3+ in non-radiative relaxation
N2 - We have studied the mechanisms of water-based quenching of the upconversion photoluminescence of upconverting nanophosphors (UCNPs) via luminescence decay measurements for a better understanding of the non-radiative deactivation pathways responsible for the relatively low upconversion luminescence efficiency in aqueous solutions. This included both upconversion luminescence measurements and the direct excitation of emissive energy states of Er3+ and Yb3+ dopants in NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs by measuring the decays at 550 and 655 nm upon 380 nm excitation and at 980 nm upon 930 nm excitation, respectively. The luminescence intensities and decays were measured from both bare and silanized NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ and NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ UCNPs in H2O and D2O. The measurements revealed up to 99.9% quenching of the upconversion photoluminescence intensity of both Er3+ and Tm3+ doped bare nanophosphors by water. Instead of the multiphonon relaxation of excited energy levels of the activators, the main mechanism of quenching was found to be the multiphonon deactivation of the Yb3+ sensitizer ion caused by OH-vibrations on the surface of the nanophosphor. Due to the nonlinear nature of upconversion, the quenching of Yb3+ has a higher order effect on the upconversion emission intensity with the efficient Yb–Yb energy migration in the ~35 nm nanocrystals making the whole nanophosphor volume susceptible to surface quenching effects. The study underlines the need of efficient surface passivation for the use of UCNPs as labels in bioanalytical applications performed in aqueous solutions.
PY - 2015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr02100f
SN - 2040-3364
SN - 2040-3372
VL - 7
IS - 27
SP - 11746
EP - 11757
PB - RSC Publ.
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-33815
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Rudolpf, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Propangasbehälter im Feuer: Auswirkungen des Versagens
N2 - In einer Großversuchsserie wurden auf dem BAM-TTS 15 11-kg-Propangasflaschen ohne Sicherheitseinrichtung mit drei verschiedenen Methoden (Holz, Benzinpool, Gas) unterfeuert. Der Beitrag beschreibt die dokumentierten Auswirkungen (z. B. Fragmentierung, Überdruck), die Art des Versagens sowie den Behälterzustand zum Zeitpunkt des Versagens.
T2 - 13. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit
CY - Köthen, Germany
DA - 16.11.2017
KW - Behälterversagen
KW - Gassicherheit
KW - Feuerwehr
KW - Propan
KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtung
PY - 2017
SN - 978-3-96057-032-5
SP - 1
EP - 2
AN - OPUS4-42954
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Mobile gas cylinders in fire: Consequences in case of failure
N2 - Commercial, off-the shelf propane cylinders are subjected to high safety regulations. Furthermore, those cylinders are equipped with safety devices like pressure relief valves (PRV). Despite these regulations and safety measures, a failure of the Container is possible if exposed to an intense fire. The result of this is severe hazard for users, rescue forces and infrastructure. Within the framework of a destructive test series, 15 identical propane cylinders, without pressure relief devices, were exposed to an intensive fire in horizontal Position until failure. Each cylinder was filled with a mass of m =11 kg of liquid propane. Three different fire sources were used (wood, petrol, propane). The experiments revealed the failure of all cylinders in a time period t < 155 s. The failure lead to a fragmentation into several major parts with throwing distances of up to l =262 m. In all trials, the temperature of the cylinder wall (top, side, bottom), of the liquid phase inside and of the surrounding fire (top, side, bottom) was recorded. In addition, the inner cylinder pressure and the induced overpressure of the blast wave after the failure were recorded. Overpressures of up to p=0.27 bar were recorded close to the cylinder (l =5 m). AM tests were documented hy video from several positions (general view, close-up, high-speed 5000 fps). This test series creates the basis for further experimental studies in the field of alternative fuels for vehicles. The aim of this test series is to assess and analyse the consequences of the failure of gas vessels (for LPG, CNG, CGH2) in the aftermath of severe incidents.
T2 - 12th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science
CY - Lund, Sweden
DA - 12.06.2017
KW - Explosion
KW - Gas cylinders
KW - Consequences
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/X0.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.006
SN - 0379-7112
VL - 91
SP - 989
EP - 996
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-43028
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Auswirkungen von Behälterversagen bei alternativen PKW-Antrieben - Teil 3: Auswirkungen des Versagens von 11-kg-Propangasbehältern im Feuer
N2 - In Deutschland gibt es eine große Anzahl von Kraftfahrzeugen, die mit alternativen Antrieben (z. B. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)) ausgerüstet sind. In zahlreichen Großversuchsserien untersucht die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) im Rahmen des internen Forschungsprojekts CoFi-ABV (Complex Fires – Auswirkungen von Behälterversagen) die Auswirkungen beim Versagen der Treibstoffbehälter dieser alternativen Antriebe. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist eine ganzheitliche Auswirkungsbetrachtung, um die Risiken für Feuerwehren und Rettungskräfte besser abschätzen zu können. Im Vorfeld zu den Versuchen für LPG- und CNG-Tanks wurden in einer weiteren Versuchsserie 15handelsübliche 11-kg-Propangasflaschen ohne Sicherheitseinrichtung unterfeuert. Alle 15 Behälter haben – wie zu erwarten war – versagt. Neben den Zustandsdaten des Behälters zum Versagenszeitpunkt (Temperatur des Behältermantels, Innendruck und -temperatur) wurden die Auswirkungen auf die Umgebung hinsichtlich Druckwirkung und Fragmentierung (Anzahl, Masse, Distanz, Richtung) dokumentiert.
KW - Behälterversagen
KW - Gassicherheit
KW - Feuerwehr
KW - Propan
KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtung
PY - 2017
SN - 2191-0073
VL - 7
IS - 11/12
SP - 25
EP - 32
PB - Springer-VDI-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-43270
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, Andre
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Szcepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Consequences of the failure of mobile gas vessels
N2 - Small, mobile propane gas vessels are widely spread and comprise additional hazards in case of a surrounding, intensive fire. The aim of the presented work is to holistically investigate the potential consequences of failure of these off-the-shelf propane gas vessels in case of an absence or malfunction of safety devices. In order to generate a statistically valid dataset, a total of 15 identical propane gas bottles without pressure relief device, each containing m = 11 kg of liquid propane, were underfired in horizontal position. For each selected fire type (wood fire, petrol pool fire, propane gas fire), five vessels were tested under identical conditions. Next to extensive camera equipment including a high-speed camera, systems to record the internal pressure of the gas cylinder, the resulting shock wave overpressure (three positions) and the flame and vessel temperature (three + three positions) during the underfiring were used. Also the unsteady, highly dynamical thermal radiation caused by the explosion of the expanding gas cloud was logged. The fragments were georeferenced and weighed after each test. The experiments prove the failure of all the gas cylinders at a burst pressure of pb = [71 … 98 bar] with a fragmentation into up to seven parts (average: four objects) and a subsequent explosion of the expanding vapour after mixing with the surrounding air. The overpressure measured in the close-up range (distance to the cylinder d = 5 m) resulting from the shockwave caused by the cylinder burst was up to pmax = 0.27 bar, which can potentially lead to significant injuries to humans and damage to building structures and infrastructure, especially in connection with the explosion and the resultant thermal radiation. The distance covered by the fragments after the failure was up to r = 260 m; 47% of the fragments hit the ground more than r = 50 m away from the position of failure.
T2 - Hazards 27
CY - Birmingham, UK
DA - 10.05.2017
KW - Failure of gas vessels
KW - Propane cylinder
KW - Gas explosion
KW - Consequences
KW - Fragmentation
PY - 2017
SN - 978-1-911446-57-6
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Instiution of Chemical Engineers
CY - Rugby, UK
AN - OPUS4-41160
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dreßler, Martin
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo
A1 - Dörfel, Ilona
A1 - Griepentrog, Michael
T1 - Sol-gel derived alumina layers on nickel-base superalloy Inconel-718 (IN-718)
N2 - Modified Yoldas sols can be used to prepare crack-free well adherent layers on different substrate materials such as sodalime glass, corundum and metal (IN-718). These layers having thicknesses of 0.6 µm are strain tolerant and withstand thermal cycling between 810 °C and room temperature. Introducing alpha-Al2O3 filler particles into modified Yoldas sols allows the preparation of thicker layers of 1.6 µm, which as well can be thermally cycled without noticeable delaminations. Chemical bonding seems to be the predominant layer bonding mechanism.
KW - Sol-gel
KW - Alumosol
KW - Filler particles
KW - Inconel-718
KW - Scanning electron microscopy
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.08.124
SN - 0040-6090
VL - 517
IS - 2
SP - 786
EP - 792
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-18263
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Krüger, Simone
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Experimental investigation of consequences of LPG vehicle tank failure under fire conditions
N2 - In case of a vehicle fire, an installed LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) tank with a malfunctioning safety device poses severe hazards. To investigate the consequences in case of tank failure, we conducted 16 tests with toroidal shaped LPG vehicle tanks. Three tanks were used for a Hydraulic Burst Test under standard conditions. Another three tanks were equipped with a statutory safety device and were subjected to a gasoline pool fire. The safety device prevented tank failure, as intended. To generate a statistically valid dataset on tank failure, ten tanks without safety devices were exposed to a gasoline pool fire. Five tanks were filled to a level of 20 %; the re-maining five were filled to a level of 100 %. In order to gain information on the heating process, three tem-perature readings at the tank surface, and three nearby flame temperatures were recorded. At distances of l = (7; 9; 11) m to the tank, the overpressure of the shock wave induced by the tank failure and the unsteady tem-peratures were measured. All ten tanks failed within a time of t < 5 min in a BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion). Seven of these resulted directly in a catastrophic failure. The other three resulted in partial failure followed by catastrophic failure. A near field overpressure at a distance of l = 7 m of up to p = 0.27 bar was measured. All ten tests showed massive fragmentation of the tank mantle. In total, 50 fragments were found. These 50 fragments make-up 88.6 % of the original tank mass. Each fragment was georeferenced and weighed. Fragment throwing distances of l > 250 m occurred. For the tanks with a fill level of 20 %, the average number of fragments was twice as high as it was for the tanks that were filled completely.
KW - Blast wave
KW - BLEVE
KW - Consequences
KW - Explosion
KW - LPG
PY - 2018
UR - https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1XnFv_Ld32ewKu
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2018.09.006
SN - 0950-4230
VL - 56
SP - 278
EP - 288
PB - Elsevier
CY - Kidlington - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-46238
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Raedel, Martina
A1 - Unger, Brita
A1 - Bücker, Michael
A1 - Sabel, Martin
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
T1 - Gold mosaics - material composites and glass-chemical characteristics
N2 - In this study gold mosaics front the past 130 years are reviewed and analysed. Characteristic glass properties and technological specifics are observed and provide important Information on the production process. The insights gained are used for replicas with improved
glass properties.
T2 - GLASSAC 11 - 3rd GLASSAC Conference 'Glass science in art and conservation'
CY - Wertheim, Bronnbach Monastery, Germany
DA - 01.05.2011
KW - Erfassung von Goldmosaiken der letzten 130 Jahre mit Aufbau einer Datenbank
KW - Herstellungstechnik und Besonderheiten
KW - Schichtaufbau mit Glaszusammensetzung und EDX-analysen
KW - Glas-chemische Charakteristika verschiedener Goldmosaiktypen
KW - Reproduktion
PY - 2011
SN - 978-3-8396-0255-3
SP - 51
EP - 54
PB - Fraunhofer Verlag
AN - OPUS4-23842
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Jurtz, N.
A1 - Thiede, Tobias
A1 - Kraume, M.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Design and validation of an additively manufactured flowCell–static mixer combination for inline NMR spectroscopy
N2 - There have been an increasing number of publications on flow chemistry applications of compact NMR. Despite this, there is so far no comprehensive workflow for the technical design of flow cells. Here, we present an approach that is suitable for the design of an NMR flow cell with an integrated static mixing unit. This design moves the mixing of reactants to the active NMR detection region within the NMR instrument, presenting a feature that analyses chemical reactions faster (5–120 s region) than other common setups. During the design phase, the targeted mixing homogeneity of the components was evaluated for different types of mixing units based on CFD simulation. Subsequently, the flow cell was additively manufactured from ceramic material and metal tubing. Within the targeted working mass flow range, excellent mixing properties as well as narrow line widths were confirmed in validation experiments, comparable to common glass tubes.
KW - Inline NMR Spectroscopy
KW - Integrated Processes
KW - Reaction Monitoring
KW - Process Analytical Technology
KW - Flow Chemistry
KW - Static Mixing
KW - Modular Production
PY - 2019
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03746
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03746
SN - 0888-5885
SN - 1520-5045
N1 - Geburtsname von Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M. - Birth name of Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M.
VL - 58
IS - 42
SP - 19562
EP - 19570
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
AN - OPUS4-49041
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eisenbart, Miriam
A1 - Hanke, Thomas
A1 - Bauer, Felix
A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein
A1 - Junghanns, Kurt
A1 - Dziwis, Gordian
A1 - Tikana, Ladji
A1 - Parvez, Ashak Mahmud
A1 - van den Boogaart, Karl Gerald
A1 - Sajjad, Mohsin
A1 - Friedmann, Valerie
A1 - Preußner, Johannes
A1 - Ramakrishnan, Anantha Narayanan
A1 - Klengel, Sandy
A1 - Meyer, Lars‐Peter
A1 - Martin, Michael
A1 - Klotz, Ulrich Ernst
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
A1 - Weber, Matthias
T1 - KupferDigital: Ontology‐Based Digital Representation for the Copper Life Cycle
N2 - The copper life cycle comprises numerous stages from the alloy production to the manufacturing and usage of engineered parts until recycling. At each step, valuable data are generated and stored; some are transferred to the subsequent stations. A thorough understanding of the materials’ behavior during manufacturing processes or throughout their product lifetime is highly dependent on a reliable data transfer. If, for example, a failure occurs during the service life, information about the manufacturing route can be of decisive importance for detecting the root cause of the failure. Additionally, the life cycle assessment hinges on the availability of data. Recording and storing interoperable structured data is, therefore, a thriving research field with huge implications for the economic strength of the manufacturing industry. In the KupferDigital project, it is demonstrated how an ontology‐based data space can be utilized not only as an innovative method for storing and providing interoperable life cycle data but also as a means to enable automated data analysis and evaluation, leading to new insights and the creation of new knowledge using semantic data and technologies. This work illustrates how data recorded at different research facilities can be integrated into one single data space, allowing queries across heterogeneous sources.
KW - Copper Alloy
KW - Ontology
KW - Digitalization
KW - Data Space
KW - Semantic Representation
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630213
SN - 1527-2648
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401735
VL - 27
IS - 8
SP - 1
EP - 29
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-63021
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hahn, Michael
A1 - Buzanich, Günter
A1 - Jähn, Katharina
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Radtke, Martin
T1 - Analysis of cobalt deposition in periprosthetic bone specimens by high-resolution synchroton XRF in undecalcified histological thin sections
N2 - Increasing numbers of implant revisions are a current clinical issue. Interactions of the endoprosthesis biomaterial with the body affect implantation time by wear processes, i.e. corrosion and abrasion. Previously, cobalt-chrome implants were shown to cause high levels of cobalt ions being deposited in the bone matrix. To determine a poten- tial functional role of these ions on bone homeostasis, we have developed a non-destructive dual analysis of highly sensitive elemental analysis by synchrotron XRF directly in undecalcified histological bone thin sections (4 μm). In this study, samples from 28 bone samples from hip endoprosthesis carriers (Surface Replacement Arthroplasty, metal-on-metal bearing) with an implant lifetime of 17–1750 days were used. Results were compared to age- matched control specimens. The histological analysis identified areas of bone cell activity and assigned them for XRF measurements. Co-Cr wear particles were identified in the bone marrow. In addition, Co ions were highly enriched in the mineralized bone matrix. The cobalt deposits were not homogeneously distributed, and areas of high signal intensity were identified. Co was distinctly deposited in the newly formed osteoid layer, but also within deeper layers of the bone matrix, whereby the Co concentration increased with higher degrees of bone matrix mineralization. In the current study, we determined cobalt accumulations in the bone matrix and showed for the first time via synchrotron XRF with a high spatial resolution direct on histological slides, that cobalt deposits in the mineralized bone matrix in a mineral-specific way that is dependent upon the implant lifetime.
KW - Implant material
KW - Cobalt deposition
KW - Bone matrix
KW - High-resolution synchrotron XRF
KW - Histology
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100290
SN - 2589-1529
VL - 6
SP - 100290, 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier Inc.
CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande
AN - OPUS4-47620
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Kurth, Lutz
A1 - Malow, Marcus
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Uhlig, S.
A1 - Zakel, S.
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit - Schlussfolgerungen
N2 - Die Ursachen für Chemikalienunfälle können vielfältig sein. Prävention beginnt bereits im Prüflabor, wenn Chemikalien auf ihre gefährlichen Eigenschaften getestet werden. Dazu sind Prüfmethoden entwickelt und veröffentlicht worden, die heute weltweit Anwendung finden. Auf die Validität der Prüfmethode und richtige Durchführung der Prüfung im Laboratorium müssen sich Sicherheitsfachkräfte, Transporteure oder Händler verlassen können. Anhand der in den letzten 10 Jahren im Rahmen des CEQAT-DGHS von BAM und PTB durchgeführten Ringversuche (RV) wird gezeigt, dass bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden ein Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenverbesserung und -validierung abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests. Das Labormanagement und die praktische Durchführung der Prüfung sind in vielen Laboratorien verbesserungsbedürftig. Der Begriff „Erfahrung der Prüfer“ ist kritisch zu sehen: Eine „lange Erfahrung mit vielen Prüfungen“ ist nicht unbedingt ein Garant für richtige Ergebnisse.
T2 - 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik
CY - Braunschweig, Germany
DA - 21.05.2019
KW - Gefahrgut
KW - Gefahrstoff
KW - Ringversuch
KW - Prüfmethode
KW - Validierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2019
UR - https://www.ptb.de/cms/index.php?id=18763
DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/210.20190521M
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
CY - Braunschweig
AN - OPUS4-49489
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Kurth, Lutz
A1 - Malow, Marcus
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Uhlig, S.
A1 - Zakel, S.
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit – Entwicklung von Verfahren zur Verifizierung der Prüfapparatur am Beispiel der Prüfmethode UN Test N.5
N2 - Prävention beginnt im Prüflabor, wenn Chemikalien auf ihre gefährlichen Eigenschaften getestet werden. Dazu sind Prüfmethoden entwickelt und veröffentlicht worden, die heute weltweit Anwendung finden. Auf die Validität der Prüfmethode und richtige Durchführung der Prüfung im Laboratorium müssen sich Sicherheitsfachkräfte, Transporteure oder Händler verlassen können. Anhand der in den letzten 10 Jahren im Rahmen des CEQAT-DGHS von BAM und PTB durchgeführten Ringversuche (RV) wird gezeigt, dass bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden ein Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenverbesserung und -validierung abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests. Das Labormanagement und die praktische Durchführung der Prüfung sind in vielen Laboratorien verbesserungsbedürftig. Der Begriff „Erfahrung der Prüfer“ ist kritisch zu sehen: Eine „lange Erfahrung mit vielen Prüfungen“ ist nicht unbedingt ein Garant für richtige Ergebnisse. Bei der Prüfung der gefährlichen Eigenschaften von Chemikalien sind Referenzmaterialen auf Grund der Instabilität in der Regel nicht verfügbar. Für Prüflaboratorien sind RV daher eine Alternative bei der Qualitätssicherung. RV sind jedoch aufwendig und können nur in relativ großen Zeitabständen durchgeführt werden. Es sind deshalb Verfahren zur Verifizierung z. B. der in den Laboratorien verwendeten Prüfapparaturen zu entwickeln. Die Entwicklung von Verifizierungsverfahren wird am Bespiel der Prüfmethode UN Test N.5 demonstriert.
T2 - 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik
CY - Braunschweig, Germany
DA - 21.05.2019
KW - Gefahrgut
KW - Gefahrstoff
KW - Ringversuch
KW - Prüfmethode
KW - Validierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
KW - Verifizierung
PY - 2019
UR - https://www.ptb.de/cms/index.php?id=18763
DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/210.20190521E
SP - 1
EP - 10
CY - Braunschweig
AN - OPUS4-49495
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lüth, Peter
A1 - Frost, K.
A1 - Kurth, Lutz
A1 - Malow, Marcus
A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Schulte, Petra
A1 - Uhlig, S.
A1 - Zakel, S.
T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Interlaboratory Test Programme for Chemical Safety - Need of Test Methods Validation
N2 - Safety experts, manufacturers, suppliers, importers, employers or consumers must be able to rely on the validity of safety-related test methods and on correct test results and assessments in the laboratory. Via the eChemPortal lots of data from the REACH registration dossiers are available. However, the quality and correctness of the information remains in the responsibility of the data submitter. Unfortunately, we found more or less appropriate information on physicochemical properties and concluded that more quality or adequacy of any data submitted will be needed.
Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of test results. Interlaboratory tests on different test methods have been performed by Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in collaboration with the QuoData GmbH during the last 10 years. Significant differences between the results of the participating laboratories were observed in all interlaboratory tests. The deviations of the test results were not caused only by laboratory faults but also by deficiencies of the test method.
In view of the interlaboratory test results the following conclusions can be drawn:
• To avoid any discrepancy on classification and labelling of chemicals it should become state of the art to use validated test methods and the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty.
• A need for improvement is demonstrated for all examined test methods. Thus, interlaboratory tests shall initially aim at the development, improvement and validation of the test methods and not on proficiency tests.
• The laboratory management and the practical execution of the tests need to be improved in many laboratories.
• The term "experience of the examiner" must be seen critically: A "long experience with many tests" is not necessarily a guarantee for correct results.
T2 - 16th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries and accompanying exhibition. Loss prevention 2019
CY - Delft, The Netherlands
DA - 16.06.2019
KW - Dangerous goods
KW - Hazardous substances
KW - Round robin test
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
KW - Test method
KW - Validation
KW - Quality assurance
PY - 2019
UR - https://www.aidic.it/cet/19/77/001.pdf
SN - 978-88-95608-74-7
DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1977001
SN - 2283-9216
VL - 77
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Italian Association of Chemical Engineering
AN - OPUS4-49496
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Ferrero, Fabio
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Kreißig, Michael
A1 - Schmidtchen, Ulrich
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - Prevention of the explosion of acetylene cylinders involved in fire: experiments and simulations
N2 - In order to assess the effectiveness of water cooling of acetylene cylinders involved in fire, a total of 13 bonfire tests with 8.9-, 10
and 50-l-cylinders were performed. During the experiments the pressure
in the cylinder and the temperature at different locations within the porous material and on the Shell surface as well as the flame temperature were measured. Overall 8 burst tests were performed, in order to determine the times to explosion for the cylinders. Cylinders failed not later than 15 minutes from the ignition of the bonfire, often with generation of a fireball. During the other 5 tests, the fire was extinguished before the expected burst and the cylinder was cooled with water. In 2 of the 5 extinction experiments, the explosion of the cylinder could be prevented. Noticeably, in one case the on-set of the decomposition of acetylene had already been observed, before the cooling was started. In spite of that, the cooling was still effective. The interpretation of the current results and of the data from previous tests with 40-l-cylinder suggests that single acetylene cylinders involved in fire might be saved by cooling, if their pressure does not exceed a value of about 45 bara. The recorded values of pressure and temperature were used to develop and validate a mathematical model for the prediction of the heat transfer in acetylene cylinders during the exposure to fire and the afterward cooling. The predictions agreed well with the experimental results.
T2 - 23rd ICDERS 2011
CY - Irvine, CA, USA
DA - 24.07.2011
KW - Acetylene
KW - Gas cylinders
KW - Fire exposure
KW - Decomposition
PY - 2011
N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M.
IS - Paper 132
SP - 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-24153
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Sczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Mobile gas cylinders in fire: Consequences in case of failure
N2 - Commercial, off-the shelf propane cylinders are subjected to high safety regulations. Furthermore, those cylinders are equipped with safety devices like pressure relief valves (PRV). Despite these regulations and safety measures, a failure of the container is possible if exposed to an intense fire. The result of this is severe hazard for users, rescue forces and infrastructure. Within the framework of a destructive test series, 15 identical propane cylinders, without pressure relief devices, were exposed to an intensive fire in horizontal position until failure. Each cylinder was filled with a mass of m =11 kg of liquid propane. Three different fire sources were used (wood, petrol, propane). The experiments revealed the failure of all cylinders in a time period t < 155 s. The failure lead to a fragmentation into several major parts with throwing distances of up to l =262 m. In all trials, the temperature of the cylinder wall (top, side, bottom), of the liquid phase inside and of the surrounding fire (top, side, bottom) was recorded. In addition, the inner cylinder pressure and the induced overpressure of the blast wave after the failure were recorded. Overpressures of up to p=0.27 bar were recorded close to the cylinder (l =5 m). All tests were documented by video from several positions (general view, close-up, high-speed 5000 fps). This test series creates the basis for further experimental studies in the field of alternative fuels for vehicles. The aim of this test series is to assess and analyse the consequences of the failure of gas vessels (for LPG, CNG, CGH2) in the aftermath of severe incidents.
KW - Explosion
KW - Gas cylinders
KW - Consequences
PY - 2017
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037971121730098X
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.006
SN - 0379-7112
SN - 1873-7226
VL - 91
SP - 989
EP - 996
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-40550
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Auswirkungen von unfallbedingtem Behälterversagen bei alternativen Pkw-Antrieben - Teil 1: Problemstellung, Stand der Technik und Voruntersuchungen
N2 - Flüssige und komprimierte Gase sind in Deutschland, Europa und der Welt vielfältig als alternative Kraftstoffe im Einsatz. Diese werden unter teilweise hohem Druck in robusten Behältern an Bord gespeichert. Ein Versagen des Treibstoffbehälters im Schadensfall sollen verschiedene Sicherheitseinrichtungen, auch bei einem eventuell unfallbedingt auftretenden Fahrzeugbrand, verhindern. Sind diese Sicherheitseinrichtungen unfallbedingt beschädigt oder liegen die Belastungen dieser Einrichtung außerhalb ihres Auslegungsbereichs, ist ein Versagen des Behälters dennoch möglich. Dadurch kann es zur Bildung eines explosionsfähigen Brennstoff-Luft-Gemischs mit den entsprechenden Folgen für Fahrgäste, Einsatzkräfte und Umfeld kommen. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) untersucht im Forschungsprojekt "CoFi-ABV" mit umfangreichen zerstörenden Versuchsreihen im Realmaßstab die Folgen des unfallbedingten Versagens von Behältern für alternative Kraftstoffe und Maßnahmen zur Reduktion dieser Folgen im Rahmen einer ganzheitlichen Auswirkungsbetrachtung. Dieser Beitrag ist der Start einer Reihe und soll die Problemstellung sowie die Projektinhalte umfassend erläutern.
KW - Alternative Antriebe
KW - Alternative Kraftstoffe
KW - Behälterversagen
KW - Fahrzeugbrand
PY - 2016
SN - 2191-0073
VL - 6
IS - 9
SP - 39
EP - 46
PB - Springer-VDI-Verlag
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-37360
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Versagen von Gasbehältern für alternative Treibstoffe
N2 - Im Rahmen des Projekts „Complex Fires – Auswirkung von Behälterversagen“ (CoFi-ABV) sollen die Auswirkungen des Versagens von Gasbehältern für alternative Treibstoffe in Fahrzeugen unter Berücksichtigung komplexer Brand- und Explosionsszenarien untersucht werden. Es wird der aktuelle Hintergrund des Forschungsvorhabens erläutert sowie die geplanten Untersuchungen und beabsichtigten Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Hauptbestandteil des Projekts ist eine Vielzahl von zerstörenden Großversuchen. Im Vorfeld dieser Großversuche werden zur Weiterentwicklung und Adaptierung von Messtechnik Versuche im kleineren Maßstab durchgeführt. Im Folgenden werden Teile dieser Ver-suchsaufbauten im „mid-scale“ sowie die dabei verwendete Messtechnik dargestellt. Weiterhin werden erste Ergebnisse aus Wärmeeintragsversuchen zur Quantifizierung verschiedener Unterfeuerungsmethoden für die zerstörenden Großversuche vorgestellt.
T2 - 14. Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik (BAM-PTB-Kolloquium)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 14.06.2016
KW - Explosion
KW - alternative Treibstoffe
KW - Behälterversagen
KW - Composite
PY - 2016
SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7
SN - 0938-5533
SP - 1
EP - 143
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
AN - OPUS4-37172
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Raedel, Martina
A1 - Sabel, Martin
A1 - Bücker, Michael
A1 - Unger, Brita
ED - Meeks, N.
ED - Cartwright, C.
ED - Meek, A.
ED - Mongiatti, A.
T1 - ESEM-EDX analyses for the characterisation and reproduction of nineteenth-century gold tesserae
N2 - Environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (ESEM-EDX) is a versatile working tool for the examination of gold tesserae as well as for the selection of suitable materials for their reproduction. In this paper, the ESEM-EDX analyses of original gold tesserae and their damage types are presented. These analytical results form the basis for further calculations of glass properties and experiments. These calculated values enable the determination of the relevant glass properties and allow us to choose the appropriate type of modern glass for further experiments. Subsequent experiments convert this knowledge into practice. By comparing the analytical results from the original glasses and the replicas the accuracy and precision will be shown.
KW - Gold mosaics
KW - Tesserae
KW - ESEM-EDX
KW - Glass analyses
KW - Damage mechanism
PY - 2012
SN - 978-1-904982-65-4
SP - 107
EP - 113
PB - Archetype publications Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-27641
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Hüllmann, Dino
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
T1 - Auswirkungen von Behälterversagen bei alternativen PKW-Antrieben - Teil 2: UAV-basierte Fernerkundung von Gaswolken
N2 - Verkehrsunfälle unter Beteiligung von Fahrzeugen mit alternativen Kraftstoffen wie LPG („Autogas“, Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas, komprimiertes Erdgas) oder CGH2 (Compressed Gas Hydrogen, komprimierter Wasserstoff), bergen neue, komplexe Risiken für Passagiere, Einsatzkräfte und deren Umfeld. Im Rahmen des Projektes „CoFi-ABV“ beschäftigt sich die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) unter Berücksichtigung komplexer Brand- und Explosionsszenarien mit einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung der Auswirkungen des unfallbedingten Versagens von Gasbehältern für alternative Kraftstoffe. Ein wichtiger Teil des Forschungsvorhabens umfasst Entwicklung, Aufbau und Validierung einer unbemannten Flugplattform (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV) zur Ferndetektion von Gaswolken. Für das sogenannte gassensitive Mini-UAV wird ein robuster Open-Path-Gasdetektor auf einer Sensorbewegungsplattform in Form eines modifizierten Kamera-Gimbals, integriert. Ziel ist es, ein leistungsfähiges und robustes Werkzeug zu entwickeln, welches Einsatzkräften im Falle eines Unfalls als Hilfe zur Abschätzung der Gefahr durch Gaswolken, ihrer Ausbreitung und der notwendigen Absperrbereiche zur Verfügung steht. Dieser Artikel ist der zweite der Reihe und legt, nach Projektvorstellung im ersten Teil, nun den Schwerpunkt auf das gassensitive Mini-UAV.
KW - UAV
KW - Fernerkundung
KW - Open-Path-Gasdetektor
KW - Alternative Antriebe/Kraftstoffe
KW - Behälterversagen
PY - 2016
SN - 2191-0073
VL - 6
IS - 11/12
SP - 23
EP - 28
PB - Springer-VDI-Verlag
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-38517
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
T1 - Experimental investigation of failure of LPG gas tanks in passenger cars during full fire development
N2 - In continuation of a preceding test series involving sole LPG vehicle tanks, three passenger cars equipped with identical toroidal steel LPG tanks were set on fire. The tanks were installed in the space normally reserved for the spare tyre, in the car boot. No safety device was installed on the tank, in order to force critical failure of the cylinder. Two of the cars were equipped with a tank filled with liquefied propane to a level of 20 % (5.3 kg), the third one was filled completely (25.5 kg). The partially filled tanks failed critically within a time period of more than 20 min after the initiation of the fire. The fully-filled tank did not rupture; the propane was released continuously through a small leak that appeared during the fire. Comprehensive equipment was used to procure measurement data, enabling an analysis of potential consequences and hazards to humans and infrastructure within the vehicle surroundings. The inner status of the tank (pressure, temperature of the liquid phase and the steel casing), the development of the fire (temperature inside and around the vehicle) and the pressure induced in the near-field in case of tank rupture were recorded. The results were analysed in detail and compared against the data gained in tests involving sole, but identical LPG tanks.
T2 - FIVE 2018
CY - Boras, Sweden
DA - 03.10.2018
KW - Behälterversagen
KW - LPG
KW - Alternative Antriebe
KW - Fahrzeugbrand
KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtung
PY - 2018
SN - 978-91-88695-95-6
VL - 51
SP - 123
EP - 131
PB - RISE Safety
CY - Boras
AN - OPUS4-46310
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Rudolph, Michael
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Schalau, Bernd
A1 - Schoppa, André
A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
T1 - Infrared radiation measurement at failure of mobile gas vessels
N2 - 15 identical off-the-shelf propane cylinders (m = 11 kg liquid propane) were underfired. The infrared Radiation of the Explosion, that occurred in the aftermath of the vessel failure, was recorded using four bolometers. These measurements are compared with an estimation of the Maximum intensity gained by an Analysis of the Video data, an Extended Version of the Stefan-Boltzmann law and a BLEVE model.
T2 - 26th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems
CY - Boston, USA
DA - 30.07.2017
KW - Failure of gas vessels
KW - Propane cylinder
KW - Gas explosion
KW - Consequences
KW - Infrared radiation
PY - 2017
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - FM Global
CY - Seattle, USA
AN - OPUS4-41993
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bevilacqua, Tommaso
A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey
A1 - Habibi, Niloufar
A1 - Hartwig, Philipp
A1 - Klawonn, Axel
A1 - Lanser, Martin
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
A1 - Scheunemann, Lisa
A1 - Schröeder, Jöerg
T1 - Large-scale thermo-mechanical simulation of laser beam welding using high-performance computing: A qualitative reproduction of experimental results
N2 - Laser beam welding (LBW) is a non-contact joining technique that has gained significant importance in modern industrial manufacturing. One potential problem, however, is the formation of solidification cracks, which particularly affects alloys with a pronounced melting range. The aim of the present work is the development of computational methods and software tools to numerically simulate LBW. In order to obtain a sufficiently accurate solution, a large number of finite elements has to be used. Therefore, a highly parallel scalable solver framework, based on the software library PETSc, was used to solve this computationally challenging problem on a high-performance computing architecture. Finally, the experimental results and the numerical simulations are compared. They are found to be in good qualitative agreement, which confirms the validity of the numerical simulations and allows for a better interpretation of the experimentally observed strain distribution.
KW - Laser beam welding
KW - Termo-mechanical processes
KW - Solidification cracking
KW - High-performance computing
KW - Domain decomposition methods
PY - 2025
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108827
SN - 2590-1230
SP - 1
EP - 33
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-65290
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Ferrero, Fabio
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Hensel, Christina
A1 - Kreißig, Michael
A1 - Schmidtchen, Ulrich
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - Unterfeuerung von Acetylendruckgasbehältern
T2 - 10. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit
CY - Köthen, Deutschland
DA - 2010-11-04
KW - Sicherheit
KW - Acetylen
KW - Feuer
KW - Wasserkühlung
KW - Wärmeübertragung
PY - 2010
SN - 978-3-89746-119-2
N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M.
IS - Paper N-02
SP - 1
EP - 20
CY - Frankfurt/M.
AN - OPUS4-22351
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ferrero, Fabio
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Kreißig, Michael
A1 - Hensel, Christina
A1 - Schmidtchen, Ulrich
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - Preventing the explosion of acetylene cylinders involved in fire with help of numerical modeling
N2 - The current paper describes a mathematical model, which was developed to simulate the heat transfer in acetylene cylinders during exposure to a fire. The cases of a direct engulfment of the cylinder in the flames and of exposure to a distant fire were considered. Furthermore, the model was also applied to the prediction of the heat transfer during the cooling with water of heated acetylene cylinders, in order to assess the effectiveness of this procedure as a measure to prevent the burst of the cylinder. To provide data for the definition and validation of the model a total of 13 bonfire tests with 8.9-, 10- and 50-dm³-cylinders were performed, where pressure and temperature measurements in the samples were performed. During 5 experiments the fire was extinguished before the expected cylinder burst and a cooling with water was applied. In the paper a short description of the experimental set-up and of the test results is given. Finally, a comparison with the model predictions is provided, showing reasonable agreement.
KW - Acetylene cylinders
KW - Fire
KW - Explosion
KW - Cooling
KW - Numerical model
PY - 2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2011.10.006
SN - 0950-4230
SN - 1873-3352
N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M.
VL - 25
IS - 2
SP - 364
EP - 372
PB - Butterworth
CY - Guildford, Surrey
AN - OPUS4-25137
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Martin
A1 - Scheid, Marc
A1 - Seifert, Alexander
A1 - Böhme, Thilo
A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter
A1 - Bulin, Michael
T1 - Bandbreiten sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen brennbarer Stäube im Gemeinsamen Stoffdatenpool Bund / Länder (GSBL)
N2 - Die Beurteilung des Gefahrenpotentials brennbarer Stäube erfolgt üblicherweise mit Hilfe so genannter sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen (STK). Häufig werden hierfür in Datenbanken bereitgestellte Werte in der Vergangenheit untersuchter Stäube herangezogen. Insbesondere aufgrund stofflicher Unterschiede der untersuchten Stäube sind erhebliche Streuungen der ermittelten STK in Datenbanken enthaltener namentlich identischer Stäube festzustellen. Die Verwendung der Daten von Einzelstäuben kann daher zu unsicheren Einschätzungen hinsichtlich des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes führen.
Vorgestellt wird ein Konzept, Stäube zu praxisrelevanten Gruppen zusammenzufassen und bewertete Bandbreiten sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen anzugeben. Die im Rahmen eines vom Sächsischen Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, Dresden geförderten Vorhabens generierten Staubgruppen und zugehörigen Bandbreiten der STK stehen in der Datenbank GSBLpublic für die freie Nutzung zur Verfügung.
T2 - 11. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit
CY - Köthen, Germany
DA - 07.11.2013
KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen
KW - Stäube
KW - Staubexplosionen
KW - Datenbank
PY - 2013
SN - 978-3-86011-058-4
IS - P-03
SP - 1
EP - 11
AN - OPUS4-29532
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gomes, Bruna F.
A1 - Prokop, Martin
A1 - Bystron, Tomas
A1 - Loukrakpam, Rameshwori
A1 - Melke, Julia
A1 - Lobo, Carlos M. S.
A1 - Fink, Michael
A1 - Zhu, Mengshu
A1 - Voloshina, Elena
A1 - Kutter, Maximilian
A1 - Hoffmann, Hendrik
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill V.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Bouzek, Karel
A1 - Paulus, Beate
A1 - Roth, Christina
T1 - Following Adsorbed Intermediates on a Platinum Gas Diffusion Electrode in H3PO3-Containing Electrolytes Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
N2 - One of the challenges of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the poisoning of the Pt catalystwith H3PO4. H3PO4 is imbibed into the routinely used polybenzimidazole-based membranes, which facilitate Proton conductivity in the temperature range of 120−200 °C. However, when leached out of the membrane by water produced during operation, H3PO4 adsorbs on the Pt catalyst surface, blocking the active sites and hindering the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
The reduction of H3PO4 to H3PO3, which occurs at the anode due to a combination of a low potential and the presence of gaseous H2, has been investigated as an additional important contributing factor to the observed poisoning effect. H3PO3 has an affinity toward adsorption on Pt surfaces even greater than that of H2PO4 −. In this work, we investigated the poisoning effect of both H3PO3 and H3PO4 using a half-cell setup with a gas diffusion electrode under ambient conditions. By means of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was possible to follow the signature of different species adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle catalyst (H, O, H2PO4 −, and H3PO3) at different potentials under ORR conditions in various electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, and H3PO3). It was found that H3PO3 adsorbs in a pyramidal configuration P(OH)3 through a Pt−P bond. The competition between H3PO4 and H3PO3 adsorption was studied, which should allow for a better understanding of the catalyst poisoning mechanism and thus assist in the development of strategies to mitigate this phenomenon in the future by minimizing H3PO3 generation by, for example, improved catalyst design or adapted operation conditions or changes in the electrolyte composition.
KW - H3PO4 life cycle
KW - XAS
KW - In situ coupling
KW - High-temperature fuel cells
KW - H3PO3,
KW - Δμ XANES
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c02630
SN - 2155-5435
VL - 12
IS - 18
SP - 11472
EP - 11484
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-64733
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1 - Raab, Christopher
A1 - Flemig, Sabine
A1 - Döring, Sarah
A1 - Ponader, Marco
A1 - Thurmann, Melinda
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Simplified Sample Preparation and Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Plant Viruses
N2 - Lateral flow immunoassays (LFA) are widely used for decentralized testing, but their application for in-field plant virus diagnostics is often limited by tedious sample preparation. Here, we present a simplified dipstick LFA for the detection and monitoring of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) as a model plant pathogen. The assay employes a monoclonal mouse antibody for capture and a polyclonal rabbit antibody conjugated to 80-nm gold nanoparticles for detection. Conventional sample and conjugate pads are omitted, allowing the test strips to be dipped directly into wells containing plant extract and antibody-gold conjugate. In addition, no plastic casing was necessary, which significantly reduces waste. It was shown that CCMV concentrations as low as 4 μg/L or 400 pg per sample could be reliably detected in 15 minutes. Specificity tests confirmed that other plant viruses, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), did not produce false positive results. Furthermore, we describe a field-compatible sampling procedure using a manual punch and a disposable syringe. This step combines sample grinding, extraction, and conjugate reconstitution within the syringe frit, enabling the analysis of punched leaf discs without laboratory equipment. When applied to CCMV-infected cowpea plants, the assay revealed systemic infection before visual symptoms became apparent. This work demonstrates that simplified LFAs combined with innovative sampling techniques can provide sensitive, specific, and rapid diagnostics for crop monitoring and support early intervention strategies in agriculture.
N2 - Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFA) werden häufig für dezentrale Tests verwendet, aber ihre Anwendung für die Diagnose von Pflanzenviren im Feld wird oft durch die mühsame Probenvorbereitung eingeschränkt. Hier stellen wir einen vereinfachten Dipstick-LFA zum Nachweis und zur Überwachung des Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) als Modellpflanzenpathogen vor. Der Assay verwendet einen monoklonalen Maus-Antikörper zum Einfangen des Virus und einen polyklonalen Kaninchen-Antikörper, der an 80-nm-Goldnanopartikel konjugiert ist, zum Nachweis. Herkömmliche Proben- und Konjugatpads entfallen, sodass die Teststreifen direkt in Vertiefungen getaucht werden können, die Pflanzenextrakt und Antikörper-Gold-Konjugat enthalten. Darüber hinaus war keine Kunststoffhülle erforderlich, was den Abfall erheblich reduziert. Es zeigte sich, dass CCMV-Konzentrationen von nur 4 μg/L oder 400 pg pro Probe innerhalb von 15 Minuten zuverlässig nachgewiesen werden konnten. Spezifitätstests bestätigten, dass andere Pflanzenviren, das Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) und das Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), keine falsch positiven Ergebnisse lieferten. Darüber hinaus beschreiben wir ein feldtaugliches Probenahmeverfahren unter Verwendung eines manuellen Stanzers und einer Einwegspritze. Dieser Schritt kombiniert das Zerkleinern der Probe, die Extraktion und die Rekonstitution des Konjugats innerhalb der Spritzenfritte und ermöglicht so die Analyse von ausgestanzten Blattscheiben ohne Laborausrüstung. Bei der Anwendung auf CCMV-infizierte Augenbohnenpflanzen zeigte der Test eine systemische Infektion, bevor visuelle Symptome sichtbar wurden. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass vereinfachte LFAs in Kombination mit innovativen Probenahmetechniken eine sensitive, spezifische und schnelle Diagnostik für die Überwachung von Nutzpflanzen ermöglichen und frühzeitige Interventionsstrategien in der Landwirtschaft unterstützen können.
KW - Vigna unguiculata
KW - Cowpea
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Plant pathogen
KW - Mobile detection
KW - Crop monitoring
KW - Plastic waste
KW - Lateral flow immunoassay
KW - Plant virus
KW - Sample pad
KW - Conjugate pad
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651731
DO - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202512.1492.v1
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basle, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-65173
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steglich, P.
A1 - Rabus, D. G.
A1 - Sada, C.
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Mai, C.
A1 - Mai, A.
T1 - Silicon Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators for Chemical and Biological Sensing: A Tutorial
N2 - Silicon photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) developed on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, owing to their high sensitivity and small footprint, show great potential for many chemical and biological sensing applications such as label-free detection in environmental monitoring, biomedical engineering, and food analysis. In this tutorial,we provide the theoretical background and give design guidelines for SOI-based MRR as well as examples of surface functionalization procedures for label-free detection of molecules. After introducing the advantages and perspectives of MRR, fundamentals of MRR are described in detail, followed by an introduction to the fabrication methods, which are based on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Optimization of MRR for chemical and biological sensing is provided, with special emphasis on the optimization of waveguide geometry. At this point, the difference between chemical bulk sensing and label-free surface sensing is explained, and definitions like waveguide sensitivity, ring sensitivity, overall sensitivity as well as the limit of detection (LoD) of MRR are introduced. Further, we show and explain chemical bulk sensing of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and provide a recipe for label-free surface sensing.
KW - Biosensors
KW - Biophotonics
KW - Chemosensor
KW - Biosensor
KW - Microresonator
KW - Nanophotonics
KW - Optical sensors
KW - Photonic sensors
KW - Optoelectronic
KW - Ring resonator
KW - Silicon photonics
KW - Miniaturization
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Lab-on-chip
KW - Waveguide
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - Silanization
KW - Glutaraldehyde
KW - Affinity immobilization
KW - Antibody
KW - Oriented immobilization
KW - Real-time measurement
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3119547
SN - 1530-437X
VL - 22
IS - 11
SP - 10089
EP - 10105
PB - IEEE
AN - OPUS4-55147
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steglich, P.
A1 - Bondarenko, S.
A1 - Mai, C.
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Mai, A.
T1 - CMOS-Compatible Silicon Photonic Sensor for Refractive Index Sensing Using Local Back-Side Release
N2 - Silicon photonic sensors are promising candidates for lab-on-a-chip solutions with versatile applications and scalable production prospects using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, the widespread use has been hindered because the sensing area adjoins optical and electrical components making packaging and sensor handling challenging. In this work, a local back-side release of the photonic sensor is employed, enabling a separation of the sensing area from the rest of the chip. This approach allows preserving the compatibility of photonic integrated circuits in the front-end of line and metal interconnects in the back-end of line. The sensor is based on a micro-ring resonator and is fabricated on wafer-level using a CMOS technology. We revealed a ring resonator sensitivity for homogeneous sensing of 106 nm/RIU.
KW - Photonic biosensor
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Ring resonator
KW - Resonance wavelength shift
KW - PIC technology
KW - Back-side integration
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517139
DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2020.3019114
VL - 32
IS - 19
SP - 1241
EP - 1244
PB - IEEE
AN - OPUS4-51713
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Gande, S. L.
A1 - Sreeramulu, S.
A1 - Saxena, K.
A1 - Richter, C.
A1 - Schwalbe, H.
A1 - Swart, C.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Chemiluminescence biosensor for the determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI)
N2 - Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a crucial biomarker for diagnosing cardiac vascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study presents a proof-of-concept chemiluminescence-based immunosensor for rapid and accurate measurement of cTnI, with the potential for online monitoring. The immunosensor incorporates a flow cell design and a sensitive complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera for optical readout. A microfluidic setup was established to enable selective and quasi-online determination of cTnI within ten minutes. The sensor was tested with recombinant cTnI in phosphate buffer, demonstrating measurements in the concentration range of 2–25 µg/L, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) achieved using the optimized system. The immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, as no cross-reactivity was observed with other recombinant proteins such as cTnT and cTnC at a concentration of 16 µg/L. Measurements with diluted blood plasma and serum yielded an LoD of 60 µg/L (2.4 nmol/L) and 70 µg/L (2.9 nmol/L), respectively. This biosensor offers a promising approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of cTnI, contributing to the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction and other cardiac vascular diseases.
N2 - Das kardiale Troponin I (cTnI) ist ein wichtiger Biomarker für die Diagnose von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, einschließlich des akuten Myokardinfarkts (AMI). In dieser Studie wird ein auf Chemilumineszenz basierender Immunsensor für die schnelle und genaue Messung von cTnI vorgestellt, der das Potenzial für eine Online-Überwachung hat. Der Immunsensor besteht aus einer Durchflusszelle und einer empfindlichen CMOS-Kamera (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) zur optischen Detektion. Es wurde ein mikrofluidischer Aufbau entwickelt, der eine selektive und quasi Online-Bestimmung von cTnI innerhalb von zehn Minuten ermöglicht. Der Sensor wurde mit rekombinantem cTnI in Phosphatpuffer getestet und zeigte einen Messbereich von 2-25 µg/L, wobei mit dem optimierten System eine Nachweisgrenze (LoD) von 0,6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) erreicht wurde. Der Immunsensor zeigte eine hohe Selektivität, da keine Kreuzreaktivität mit anderen rekombinanten Proteinen wie cTnT und cTnC bei einer Konzentration von 16 µg/L beobachtet wurde. Messungen mit verdünntem Blutplasma und Serum ergaben einen LoD von 60 µg/L (2,4 nmol/L) bzw. 70 µg/L (2,9 nmol/L). Dieser Biosensor bietet einen vielversprechenden Ansatz für den schnellen und empfindlichen Nachweis von cTnI, der zur Diagnose und Behandlung des akuten Myokardinfarkts und anderer kardialer Gefäßerkrankungen beitragen kann.
KW - Acute myocardial infarction
KW - Heart attack
KW - Emergency
KW - Diagnosis
KW - Cardiac troponin
KW - Biomarker
KW - Immunosensor
KW - Biosensor
KW - Chemiluminescence
KW - Luminol
KW - Peroxidase
KW - Monoclonal antibodies
KW - Flow injection immunoassay
KW - Immunometric assay
KW - Immunometric biosensor
KW - Microfluidic system
KW - Monolithic column
KW - Online biosensor
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575471
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040455
SN - 2079-6374
VL - 13
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-57547
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Antibody screening by microarray technology - Direct identification of selective high-affinity clones
N2 - The primary screening of hybridoma cells is a time-critical and laborious step during the development of monoclonal antibodies. Often, critical errors occur in this phase, which supports the notion that the generation of monoclonal antibodies with hybridoma technology is difficult to control and hence, a risky venture. We think that it is crucial to improve the screening process to eliminate most of the critical deficits of the conventional approach. With this new microarray-based procedure, several advances could be achieved: Selectivity for excellent binders, high-throughput, reproducible signals, avoidance of misleading avidity (multivalency) effects, and performance of simultaneous competition experiments. The latter can also be used to select clones of desired cross-reactivity properties. In this paper, a model system with two excellent clones against carbamazepine, two weak clones, and blank supernatant containing fetal bovine serum was designed to examine the effectiveness of the new system. The excellent clones could be detected largely independent of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, which is usually unknown during the clone screening since the determination and subsequent adjustment of the antibody concentration are not feasible in most cases. Furthermore, in this approach, the enrichment, isolation, and purification of IgG for characterization is not necessary. Raw cell culture supernatant can be used directly, even when fetal calf serum (FCS) or other complex media is used. In addition, an improved method for the oriented antibody-immobilization on epoxy-silanized slides is presented. Based on the results of this model system with simulated hybridoma supernatants, we conclude that this approach should be preferable to most other protocols leading to many false positives, causing expensive and lengthy elimination steps to weed out the poor clones.
KW - ELISA
KW - Immunoassay
KW - Microarray
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Miniaturization
KW - Aautomatisation
KW - HTS
KW - High-throughput
KW - Screening
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Label
KW - Hybridoma
KW - Inhibition
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-503361
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/antib9010001
SN - 2073-4468
VL - 9
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-50336
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Fünning, Tabea
A1 - Schuhmann, Christoph
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Steglich, Patrick
T1 - Multichannel real-time detection of biomarkers with highly miniaturized photonic microchips
N2 - The development of novel photonic integrated microchips (PIC) is a promising approach to allow for the convenient detection of key biomarkers in complex matrices through multichannel real-time analysis in a highly compact package. This study reports the successful development and application of a backside released CMOS chip designed for the multichannel real-time detection of biomarkers. Operating at the C-band at approx. 1550 nm, the microchip features three dedicated detection sensors in addition to a reference sensor, enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers. The compact and highly miniaturized design of this microchip, with a footprint of just 1 mm², positions it as promising candidate for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine applications. This technology opens a path to transform biomarker detection across various medical fields, offering rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic solutions. In conclusion, the presented multichannel photonic microchips signify a substantial leap forward in real-time biomarker detection, providing a highly capable platform for future research and clinical applications.
T2 - SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics 2025
CY - Prague, Czech Republic
DA - 07.04.2025
KW - Photonic integrated circuit
KW - Ring resonator
KW - Real-time detection
KW - Multiplexing
KW - Semiconductor
KW - CMOS
KW - C-reactive protein
KW - CRP
KW - Biomarker
PY - 2025
SN - 978-1-5106-8850-6
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056453
VL - 13527
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - SPIE
CY - Prague, Czech Republic
AN - OPUS4-63478
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steglich, Patrick
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Mai, C.
A1 - Böhme, A.
A1 - Bondarenko, S.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Mai, A.
T1 - A monolithically integrated microfluidic channel in a silicon-based photonic-integrated-circuit technology for biochemical sensing
N2 - In this work, a cost-effective optofluidic system is proposed and preliminary experimental results are presented. A microfluidic channel monolithically integrated into a photonic integrated circuit technology is used in conjunction with a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrate to provide fluidic in- and output ports. We report on initial experimental results as well as on the simple and cost-effective fabrication of this optofluidic system by means of micro-milling.
KW - Biosensors
KW - Biophotonics
KW - Optical sensors
KW - Photonic sensors
KW - Ring resonators
KW - Silicon photonics
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Microfluidics
KW - Chip
KW - Biochip
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588791
VL - 11772
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - SPIE
AN - OPUS4-53559
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Steglich, P.
A1 - Mai, C.
A1 - Bondarenko, S.
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Schrader, S.
A1 - Mai, A.
T1 - BioPIC - Integration of Biosensors based on Photonic Integrated Circuits by Local-Backside Etching
N2 - Silicon photonic sensors are promising candidates for lab-on-a-chip solutions with versatile applications and scalable production prospects using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, the widespread use has been hindered because the sensing area adjoins optical and electrical components making packaging and sensor handling challenging. In this work, a local back-side release of the photonic sensor is employed, enabling a separation of the sensing area from the rest of the chip. This approach allows preserving the compatibility of photonic integrated circuits in the front-end of line and metal interconnects in the back-end of line.
T2 - ATTRACT online Conference
CY - Online meeting
DA - 22.09.2020
KW - Silicon Photonics
KW - Photonic Sensor
KW - Photonic Integrated Circuits
KW - Point-Of-Care-Diagnostics
KW - CMOS
KW - Microfluidics
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Ring resonator
PY - 2020
UR - https://attract-eu.com/showroom/project/integration-of-biosensors-based-on-photonic-integrated-circuits-by-local-backside-etching-biopic/
SP - 1
EP - 5
AN - OPUS4-51735
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Antibody screening by microarray technology – Direct identification of selective high-affinity clones
N2 - The primary screening of hybridoma cells is a time-critical and laborious step during the development of monoclonal antibodies. Often critical errors occur in this phase, which supports the notion that the generation of monoclonal antibodies with hybridoma technology is difficult to control and hence a risky venture. We think that it is crucial to improve the screening process to eliminate most of the immanent deficits of the conventional approach. With this new microarray-based procedure, several advances could be achieved: Selectivity for excellent binders, high throughput, reproducible signals, avoidance of misleading avidity (multivalency) effects, and simultaneous performance of competition experiments. The latter can directly be used to select clones of desired cross-reactivity properties. In this paper, a model system with two excellent clones against carbamazepine, two weak clones and blank supernatant has been designed to examine the effectiveness of the new system. The excellent clones could be detected largely independent of the IgG concentration, which is unknown during the clone screening since the determination and subsequent adjustment of the antibody concentration is not possible in most cases. Furthermore, in this approach, the enrichment, isolation, and purification of IgG for characterization is not necessary. Raw cell culture supernatant can be used directly, even when fetal calf serum (FCS) or other complex media had been used. In addition, an improved method for the oriented antibody-immobilization on epoxy-silanized slides is presented. Based on the results of this model system, we conclude that this approach should be preferable to most other protocols leading to many of false positives, causing expensive and lengthy confirmation steps to weed out the poor clones.
KW - Hybridoma
KW - Monoclonal Antibodies
KW - Clones
KW - Competitive Immunoassay
KW - Hapten Immunoassay
KW - False Positives
PY - 2019
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506621
DO - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201911.0023.v1
SN - 2310-287X
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-50662
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Das, Prasenjit
A1 - Chakraborty, Gouri
A1 - Yang, Jin
A1 - Roeser, Jérôme
A1 - Küçükkeçeci, Hüseyin
A1 - Nguyen, Anh Dung
A1 - Schwarze, Michael
A1 - Gabriel, Jose
A1 - Penschke, Christopher
A1 - Du, Shengjun
A1 - Weigelt, Vincent
A1 - Khalil, Islam E.
A1 - Schmidt, Johannes
A1 - Saalfrank, Peter
A1 - Oschatz, Martin
A1 - Rabeah, Jabor
A1 - Schomäcker, Reinhard
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Thomas, Arne
T1 - The Effect of Pore Functionality in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks on Stable Long‐Term Photocatalytic H2 Production
N2 - AbstractIn nature, organic molecules play a vital role in light harvesting and photosynthesis. However, regarding artificial water splitting, the research focus is primarily on inorganic semiconductors. Although organic photocatalysts have high structural variability, they tend to exhibit lower quantum efficiencies for water splitting than their inorganic counterparts. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer an attractive route to introduce different functional units into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and enable semiconducting properties and high chemical stability, creating promising materials for long‐term photocatalytic applications, such as H2 production. Herein, five highly crystalline donor‐acceptor based, 4‐substituted quinoline‐linked MCR‐COFs are presented that are prepared via the three‐component Povarov reaction. The pore functionality is varied by applying different vinyl derivatives (e.g., styrene, 2‐vinyl pyridine, 4‐vinylpyridine, 4‐vinyl imidazole, 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene), which has a strong influence on the obtained photocatalytic activity. Especially an imidazole‐functionalized COF displays promising photocatalytic performance due to its high surface area, crystallinity, and wettability. These properties enable it to maintain its photocatalytic activity even in a membrane support. Furthermore, such MCR‐COFs display dramatically enhanced (photo)chemical stability even after long‐term solar light irradiation and exhibit a high and steady H2 evolution for at least 15 days.
KW - Sstability
KW - Covalent organic frameworks
KW - Pore functionality
KW - Long-term H2 production
KW - Multicomponent reactions
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-639787
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202501193
SN - 1614-6832
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-63978
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1 - Herrmann, Stefan
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Fast Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) at ppt Level by a Laser-Induced Immunofluorometric Biosensor
N2 - The illegal use of explosives by terrorists and other criminals is an increasing issue in public spaces, such as airports, railway stations, highways, sports venues, theaters, and other large buildings. Security in these environments can be achieved by different means, including the installation of scanners and other analytical devices to detect ultra-small traces of explosives in a very short time-frame to be able to take action as early as possible to prevent the detonation of such devices. Unfortunately, an ideal explosive detection system still does not exist, which means that a compromise is needed in practice. Most detection devices lack the extreme analytical sensitivity, which is nevertheless necessary due to the low vapor pressure of nearly all explosives. In addition, the rate of false positives needs to be virtually zero, which is also very difficult to achieve. Here we present an immunosensor system based on kinetic competition, which is known to be very fast and may even overcome affinity limitation, which impairs the performance of many traditional competitive assays. This immunosensor consists of a monolithic glass column with a vast excess of immobilized hapten, which traps the fluorescently labeled antibody as long as no explosive is present. In the case of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), some binding sites of the antibody will be blocked, which leads to an immediate breakthrough of the labeled protein, detectable by highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence with the help of a Peltier-cooled complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. Liquid handling is performed with high-precision syringe pumps and chip-based mixing-devices and flow-cells. The system achieved limits of detection of 1 pM (1 ppt) of the fluorescent label and around 100 pM (20 ppt) of TNT. The total assay time is less than 8 min. A cross-reactivity test with 5000 pM solutions showed no signal by pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). This immunosensor belongs to the most sensitive and fastest detectors for TNT with no significant cross-reactivity by non-related compounds. The consumption of the labeled antibody is surprisingly low: 1 mg of the reagent would be sufficient for more than one year of continuous biosensor operation.
KW - Airport
KW - Aviation
KW - Bombs
KW - Terrorism
KW - Biosensing
KW - Continuous Sensor
KW - High-Speed
KW - Ultrasensitive
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-511245
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10080089
VL - 10
IS - 8
SP - 89
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-51124
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Fünning, Tabea
A1 - Peczek, Anna
A1 - Kroh, Aleksandra
A1 - Mai, Christian
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Thomsen, Florian
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Schumann, Christoph
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Mai, Andreas
A1 - Steglich, Patrick C.
ED - Lieberman, Robert A.
ED - Baldini, Francesco
ED - Homola, Jiri
T1 - Optimization of local backside released micro-ring resonators for sensing applications using silicon photonic integrated circuits in a SOI technology
N2 - Photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) are widely studied for their high sensitivity across applications like environmental monitoring, healthcare, and chemical analysis. Their evanescent field sensing requires partially unembedded waveguides compatible with CMOS processing. Our approach uses local backside etching with an additional buried oxide (BOX) etch to release waveguides while preserving the back-end of line (BEOL) structure, enabling spatial separation of the sensing area and electronics. The BOX etch critically affects sensor performance, as waveguide surface roughness can alter MRR properties and coupling. We analyzed MRR design variations, comparing wet and dry etching techniques for their effects on optical performance across rib and strip waveguides in quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes. Wafer-level measurements show that backside-released MRR achieve high extinction ratios with slightly reduced quality factors, advancing high-sensitivity photonic sensors.
T2 - SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics 2025
CY - Prague, Czech Republic
DA - 23.05.2025
KW - Photonic sensors
KW - Micro-ring resonator (MRR)
KW - Silicon on insulator (SOI)
KW - CMOS
KW - Local backside etching
PY - 2025
SN - 978-1-5106-8851-3
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056481
VL - 13527
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - SPIE
CY - Bellingham, WA , USA
AN - OPUS4-63585
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Steglich, P.
A1 - Rabus, D. G.
A1 - Sada, C.
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Mai, C.
A1 - Mai, A.
T1 - Silicon Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators for Chemical and Biological Sensing: A Tutorial
N2 - Silicon photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) developed on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, owing to their high sensitivity and small footprint, show great potential for many chemical and biological sensing applications such as label-free detection in environmental monitoring, biomedical engineering, and food analysis. In this tutorial, we provide the theoretical background and give design guidelines for SOI-based MRR as well as examples of surface functionalization procedures for label-free detection of molecules.
After introducing the advantages and perspectives of MRR, fundamentals of MRR are described in detail, followed by an introduction to the fabrication methods, which are based on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Optimization of MRR for chemical and biological sensing is provided, with special emphasis on the optimization of waveguide geometry. At this point, the difference between chemical bulk sensing and label-free surface sensing is explained, and definitions like waveguide sensitivity, ring sensitivity, overall sensitivity as well as the limit of detection (LoD) of MRR are introduced. Further, we show and explain chemical bulk sensing of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and provide a recipe for label-free surface sensing.
KW - Lab on a chip
KW - Biosensor
KW - Cmos
KW - Silanization
KW - Surface derivatization
KW - Evanescent wave
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529360
DO - https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.14909901.v1
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - IEEE
CY - Piscataway Township
AN - OPUS4-52936
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1 - Ponader, Marco
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Cocaine detection by a laser-induced immunofluorometric biosensor
N2 - The trafficking of illegal drugs by criminal networks at borders, harbors, or airports is an increasing issue for public health as these routes ensure the main supply of illegal drugs. The prevention of drug smuggling, including the installation of scanners and other analytical devices to detect small traces of drugs within a reasonable time frame, remains a challenge. The presented immunosensor is based on a monolithic affinity column with a large excess of immobilized hapten, which traps fluorescently labeled antibodies as long as the analyte cocaine is absent. In the presence of the drug, some binding sites of the antibody will be blocked, which leads to an immediate breakthrough of the labeled protein, detectable by highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence with the help of a Peltier-cooled complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. Liquid handling is performed with high-precision syringe pumps and microfluidic chip-based mixing devices and flow cells. The biosensor achieved limits of detection of 7 ppt (23 pM) of cocaine with a response time of 90 s and a total assay time below 3 min. With surface wipe sampling, the biosensor was able to detect 300 pg of cocaine. This immunosensor belongs to the most sensitive and fastest detectors for cocaine and offers near-continuous analyte measurement.
KW - Online detection
KW - Security
KW - Monoclonal antibody
KW - Microfluidic mixing
KW - Microfluidics
KW - Lab-on-a-chip
KW - Monolithic column
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Laser-induced fluorescence
KW - LIF
KW - ELISA
KW - Wipe test
KW - Low-cost
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-534487
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11090313
VL - 11
IS - 9
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-53448
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1 - Ponader, Marco
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Cocaine detection by a laser-induced immunofluorometric biosensor
N2 - The trafficking of illegal drugs by criminal networks at borders, harbors, or airports is an increasing issue in public health as these routes ensure the main supply of illegal drugs. The prevention of drug smuggling, including the installation of scanners and other analytical devices to detect ultra-small traces of drugs within a reasonable time frame, remains a challenge. The presented immunosensor is based on a monolithic affinity column with a large excess of immobilized hapten, which traps fluorescently labeled antibodies as long as the analyte cocaine is absent. In the presence of the drug, some binding sites of the antibody will be blocked, which leads to an immediate breakthrough of the labeled protein, detectable by highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence with the help of a Peltier-cooled complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. Liquid handling is performed with high-precision syringe pumps and microfluidic chip-based mixing devices and flow cells. The biosensor achieved limits of detection of 23 pM (7 ppt) of cocaine with a response time of 90 seconds and a total assay time below 3 minutes. With surface wipe sampling, the biosensor was able to detect 300 pg of cocaine. This immunosensor belongs to the most sensitive and fastest detectors for cocaine and offers near-continuous analyte measurement.
KW - Drug search
KW - Customs
KW - Confiscation
KW - Border surveillance
KW - Narcotics
KW - International drug trade
KW - Drug trafficking
KW - Illicit drug
KW - Immunosensor
KW - Antibodies
KW - Detection
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529951
DO - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202107.0521.v1
SN - 2310-287X
N1 - Geburtsname von Ponader, Marco: Wilke, M. - Birth name of Ponader, Marco: Wilke, M.
SP - 1
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-52995
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ponader, Marco
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Sintered glass monoliths as supports for affinity columns
N2 - A novel stationary phase for affinity separations is presented. This material is based on sintered borosilicate glass readily available as semi-finished filter plates with defined porosity and surface area. The material shows fast binding kinetics and excellent long-term stability under real application conditions due to lacking macropores and high mechanical rigidity. The glass surface can be easily modified with standard organosilane chemistry to immobilize selective binders or other molecules used for biointeraction. In this paper, the manufacturing of the columns and their respective column holders by 3D printing is shown in detail. The model system protein A/IgG was chosen as an example to examine the properties of such monolithic columns under realistic application conditions. Several specifications, such as (dynamic) IgG capacity, pressure stability, long-term performance, productivity, non-specific binding, and peak shape, are presented. It could be shown that due to the very high separation speed, 250 mg antibody per hour and column can be collected, which surpasses the productivity of most standard columns of the same size. The total IgG capacity of the shown columns is around 4 mg (5.5 mg/mL), which is sufficient for most tasks in research laboratories. The cycle time of an IgG separation can be less than 1 min. Due to the glass material’s excellent pressure resistance, these columns are compatible with standard HPLC systems. This is usually not the case with standard affinity columns, limited to manual use or application in low-pressure systems. The use of a standard HPLC system also improves the ability for automation, which enables the purification of hundreds of cell supernatants in one day. The sharp peak shape of the elution leads to an enrichment effect, which might increase the concentration of IgG by a factor of 3. The final concentration of IgG can be around 7.5 mg/mL without the need for an additional nano-filtration step. The purity of the IgG was > 95% in one step and nearly 99% with a second polishing run.
KW - Affinity Chromatography
KW - Affinity Extraction
KW - Affinity Separation
KW - Protein Purification
KW - Down Stream Processing
KW - Antibody Purification
KW - Diagnostic Antibodies
KW - Therapeutic Antibodies
KW - Automated Purification
KW - HPLC
KW - FPLC
KW - IgG determination
KW - Concentration step
KW - Monoclonal Antibodies
KW - Polyclonal Antibodies
KW - Human Plasma
KW - Glass Support
KW - Borosilicate Glass
KW - Monolith
KW - Sintered Material
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - Column holder
KW - Construction
KW - Open Science
KW - Citizen Science
KW - Protein A
KW - Regeneration
KW - High-Speed Separations
KW - Robustness
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527581
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8050056
SN - 2297-8739
N1 - Geburtsname von Ponader, Marco: Wilke, M. - Birth name of Ponader, Marco: Wilke, M.
VL - 8
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-52758
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Ponader, Marco
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Sintered glass monoliths as new supports for affinity columns
N2 - A novel stationary phase for affinity separations is presented. This material is based on sintered borosilicate glass readily available as semi-finished filter plates with defined porosity and surface area. The material shows fast binding kinetics and excellent long-term stability under real application conditions due to lacking macropores and high mechanical rigidity. The glass surface can be easily modified with standard organosilane chemistry to immobilize selective binders or other molecules used for biointeraction. In this paper, the manufacturing of the columns and their respective column holders by 3D printing is shown in detail. The model system protein A/IgG was chosen as an example to examine the properties of such monolithic columns under realistic application conditions. Several specifications, such as (dynamic) IgG capacity, pressure stability, long-term performance, productivity, non-specific binding, and peak shape, are presented. It could be shown that due to the very high separation speed, 250 mg antibody per hour and column can be collected, which surpasses the productivity of most standard columns of the same size. The total IgG capacity of the shown columns is around 4 mg (5.5 mg/mL), which is sufficient for most tasks in research laboratories. The cycle time of an IgG separation can be less than 1 minute. Due to the glass material's excellent pressure resistance, these columns are compatible with standard HPLC systems. This is usually not the case with standard affinity columns, limited to manual use or application in low-pressure systems. The use of a standard HPLC system also improves the ability for automation, which enables the purification of hundreds of cell supernatants in one day. The sharp peak shape of the elution leads to an enrichment effect, which might increase the concentration of IgG by a factor of 3. The final concentration of IgG can be around 7.5 mg/mL without the need for an additional nanofiltration step. The purity of the IgG was > 95% in one step and nearly 99% with a second polishing run.
KW - Affinity Chromatography
KW - Glass
KW - Purification
KW - Antibodies
KW - Solid support
KW - HPLC
KW - FPLC
KW - Separation
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529117
DO - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202103.0298.v1
SN - 2310-287X
N1 - Geburtsname von Ponader, Marco: Wilke, M. - Birth name of Ponader, Marco: Wilke, M.
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-52911
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz
A1 - Kulow, Anicó
A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Naese, Christoph
A1 - Britzke, Ralf
A1 - Sintschuk, Michael
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - BAMline - A real-life sample materials research beamline
N2 - With increasing demand and environmental concerns, researchers are exploring new materials that can perform as well or better than traditional materials while reducing environmental impact. The BAMline, a real-life sample materials research beamline, provides unique insights into materials’ electronic and chemical structure at different time and length scales. The beamline specializes in x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and tomography experiments. This enables real-time optimization of material properties and performance for various applications, such as energy transfer, energy storage, catalysis, and corrosion resistance. This paper gives an overview of the analytical methods and sample environments of the BAMline, which cover non-destructive testing experiments in materials science, chemistry, biology, medicine, and cultural heritage. We also present our own synthesis methods, processes, and equipment developed specifically for the BAMline, and we give examples of synthesized materials and their potential applications. Finally, this article discusses the future perspectives of the BAMline and its potential for further advances in sustainable materials research.
KW - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
KW - Energy storage
KW - Environmental impacts
KW - Nondestructive testing techniques
KW - X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Corrosion
KW - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157194
VL - 158
IS - 24
SP - 1
EP - 22
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-57824
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1 - Raab, Christopher
A1 - Flemig, Sabine
A1 - Döring, Sarah
A1 - Ponader, Marco
A1 - Thurmann, Melinda
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Simplified Sample Preparation and Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Plant Viruses
N2 - Lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) are widely used for on-site testing; however, their use for the rapid detection of plant viruses in the field is often limited by inconvenient sample preparation. Here, we present a new sampling method and a simplified dipstick LFA format for the detection and monitoring of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) as a model plant pathogen. The assay employs a monoclonal mouse antibody for capture and a poly-clonal rabbit antibody conjugated to 80 nm gold nanoparticles for detection. Conventional sample and conjugate pads are omitted, allowing the test strips to be dipped directly into wells containing plant extract and antibody–gold conjugate. No plastic casing was required, which could lead to a reduction in waste. It was shown that CCMV concentrations as low as 3.5 µg/L or 350 pg per sample could be reliably detected in 15 min. Specificity tests confirmed that other plant viruses, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), did not produce false-positive results. In addition, we describe a new method for on-site sampling using a manual punch and a syringe equipped with a frit. This step combines grinding the sample, extraction, filtration, and reconstitution and mixing of the antibody-gold conjugate, enabling the analysis of punched leaf disks without laboratory equipment. When applied to CCMV-infected cowpea plants, the assay revealed systemic infection before visual symptoms became apparent. This work demonstrates that simplified LFAs combined with innovative sampling techniques can provide sensitive, specific, and rapid diagnostics for crop monitoring and support early intervention strategies in agriculture.
N2 - Lateral-Flow-Immunoassays (LFAs) werden häufig für Vor-Ort-Tests eingesetzt; ihr Einsatz zum schnellen Nachweis von Pflanzenviren im Feld wird jedoch oft durch eine umständliche Probenvorbereitung eingeschränkt. Hier stellen wir eine neue Probenahmemethode und ein vereinfachtes Dipstick-LFA-Format zum Nachweis und zur Überwachung des Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) als Modellpflanzenpathogen vor. Der Test verwendet einen monoklonalen Maus-Antikörper zur Bindung und einen polyklonalen Kaninchen-Antikörper, der an 80-nm-Goldnanopartikel konjugiert ist, zum Nachweis. Herkömmliche Proben- und Konjugatpads entfallen, sodass die Teststreifen direkt in Vertiefungen getaucht werden können, die Pflanzenextrakt und das Antikörper-Gold-Konjugat enthalten. Es ist keine Kunststoffhülle erforderlich, was zu einer Reduzierung des Abfallaufkommens führen könnte. Es zeigte sich, dass CCMV-Konzentrationen von nur 3,5 µg/L oder 350 pg pro Probe innerhalb von 15 Minuten zuverlässig nachgewiesen werden konnten. Spezifitätstests bestätigten, dass andere Pflanzenviren, das Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) und das Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), keine falsch-positiven Ergebnisse lieferten. Darüber hinaus beschreiben wir eine neue Methode zur Probenahme vor Ort unter Verwendung eines manuellen Lochers und einer mit einer Fritte ausgestatteten Spritze. Dieser Schritt kombiniert das Zerkleinern der Probe, die Extraktion, die Filtration sowie die Rekonstitution und das Mischen des Antikörper-Gold-Konjugats und ermöglicht so die Analyse der ausgestanzten Blattscheiben ohne Laborausrüstung. Bei der Anwendung an mit CCMV infizierten Augenbohnenpflanzen zeigte der Assay eine systemische Infektion, bevor visuelle Symptome erkennbar wurden. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass vereinfachte LFAs in Kombination mit innovativen Probenahmetechniken eine sensitive, spezifische und schnelle Diagnostik für die Pflanzenüberwachung bieten und Strategien zur frühzeitigen Intervention in der Landwirtschaft unterstützen können.
KW - Point-of-care diagnostics
KW - Dipstick immunoassay
KW - Pre-symptomatic detection
KW - Precision agriculture
KW - Integrated pest management
KW - Crop health monitoring
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-657039
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16020100
SN - 2079-6374
VL - 16
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI AG
CY - Basle, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-65703
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoffmann, Martin
A1 - Gregor, Christian
A1 - Schulz, Michael
A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
T1 - Entwickelt und validiert - Probengeometrie zur Untersuchung von gewickelten Faserverbundproben
N2 - Durch die beschriebene, auf eine Umfangsbelastung ausgelegte Probengeometrie werden Fertigung und Einsatz von Druckbehältern nachempfunden. Dafür wurden bereits bestehende Probenformen überarbeitet, um im Probenkörper eine unidirektionale Zugbelastung zu erzeugen. Da die endgültigen Eigenschaften von faserverstärktem Kunststoff erst in der Fertigung entstehen, sind gleiche Fertigungsbedingungen von Proben und Bauteilen wichtig. Die hier vorgestellte Probe verspricht dadurch eine gute Eignung für den Einsatz bei Untersuchungen zum Zeitstandsverhalten.
KW - Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe (FVK)
KW - Druckbehälter
KW - Zeitstand
KW - Zugprobe
PY - 2012
SN - 1865-4819
VL - 5
SP - 44
EP - 49
PB - Springer Vieweg, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
CY - Wiesbaden
AN - OPUS4-26893
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -