TY - JOUR A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Heyn, A. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Influence of austenitizing and tempering on the corrosion behavior and sensitization of martensitic stainless steel X50CrMoV15 N2 - Electrochemical tests, hardness measurements, and microstructure analysis are performed to study the influence of austenitizing, quenching, and tempering parameters on the corrosion resistance of the martensitic stainless steel grade X50CrMoV15 (1.4116). Different heat treatment states were studied using an adapted EPR-Test to evaluate the chromium distribution and depletion caused by the formation and dissolution of chromium rich carbides. The EPR results were correlated with pitting corrosion behavior, demonstrating the strong effect of heat treatment parameters on the susceptibility of martensitic stainless steels to corrosion phenomena. KW - Martensitic stainless steel KW - Electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation KW - Heat treatment KW - Pitting corrosion PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201810170 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 69 IS - 10 SP - 1338 EP - 1349 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-46138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Martin A1 - Lorenzetti, A. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Fire Phenomena of Rigid Polyurethane Foams N2 - Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) typically exhibit low thermal inertia, resulting in short ignition times and rapid flame spread. In this study, the fire phenomena of RPUFs were investigated using a multi-methodological approach to gain detailed insight into the fire behaviour of pentaneand water-blown polyurethane (PUR) as well as pentane-blown polyisocyanurate Polyurethane (PIR) foams with densities ranging from 30 to 100 kg/m3. Thermophysical properties were studied using thermogravimetry (TG); flammability and fire behaviour were investigated by means of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and a cone calorimeter. Temperature development in burning cone calorimeter specimens was monitored with thermocouples inside the foam samples and visual investigation of quenched specimens’ cross sections gave insight into the morphological changes during burning. A comprehensive investigation is presented, illuminating the processes taking place during foam combustion. Cone calorimeter tests revealed that in-depth absorption of radiation is a significant factor in estimating the time to ignition. Cross sections examined with an electron scanning microscope (SEM) revealed a pyrolysis front with an intact foam structure underneath, and temperature measurement inside burning specimens indicated that, as foam density increased, their burning behaviour shifted towards that of solid materials. The superior fire performance of PIR foams was found to be based on the cellular structure, which is retained in the residue to some extent. KW - Foam KW - Polyurethane KW - Fire behaviour KW - Flammability PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-465577 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101166 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - 1166-1 EP - 1166-22 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-46557 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Heyn, A. T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen mit gelartigen Elektrolyten zur Beschreibung der Korrosionsschutzwirkung von Zinküberzügen N2 - Ein neuer Ansatz bei elektrochemischen Korrosionsuntersuchungen kann durch den Einsatz von gelartigen Elektrolyten als Alternative zu wässrigen Prüfelektrolyten beschritten werden. Gelartige Elektrolyte ermöglichen minimalinvasive Untersuchungen an natürlich gebildeten Zinkdeckschichten. Dadurch können korrosionsrelevante Kennwerte ermittelt werden, die Aussagen zur Deckschichtbildung und zur Stabilität der gebildeten Deckschichten unter verschiedenen klimatischen Bedingungen erlauben. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand verschiedener Deckschichtzustände an Zink der Mehrwert von Untersuchungen mit gelartigen Elektrolyten für die Korrosionsforschung verdeutlicht. T2 - 16. Tagung "Korrosionsschutz in der maritimen Technik" CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 25.01.2017 KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Layer formation KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Gel-type electrolytes KW - Korrosionsprüfung KW - Corrosion testing KW - Zinkdeckschichten KW - Zinc coatings PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-935406-64-2 VL - 16 SP - 35 EP - 44 AN - OPUS4-39041 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dippong, Martin A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Lenz, C. A1 - Schenk, J. A. A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Schwaar, Timm A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Kuhne, Maren T1 - Hapten-specific single-cell selection of hybridoma clones by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for the generation of monoclonal antibodies N2 - The conventional hybridoma screening and subcloning process is generally considered to be one of the most critical steps in hapten-specific antibody production. It is time-consuming, monoclonality is not guaranteed, and the number of clones that can be screened is limited. Our approach employs a novel hapten-specific labeling technique of hybridoma cells. This allows for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and single-cell deposition and thereby eliminates the above-mentioned problems. A two-step staining approach is used to detect antigen specificity and antibody expression: in order to detect antigen specificity, hybridoma cells are incubated with a hapten−horseradish peroxidase conjugate (hapten−HRP), which is subsequently incubated with a fluorophore-labeled polyclonal anti-peroxidase antibody (anti-HRP−Alexa Fluor 488). To characterize the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG), a fluorophore-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody (anti-IgG−Alexa Fluor 647) is used. Hundreds of labeled hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for a hapten were rapidly isolated and deposited from a fusion mixture as single-cell clones via FACS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements of the supernatants of the sorted hybridoma clones revealed that all hapten-specific hybridoma clones secrete antibodies against the target. There are significant improvements using this high-throughput technique for the generation of mAbs including increased yield of antibody-producing hybridoma clones, ensured monoclonality of sorted cells, and reduced development times. KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - FACS KW - Hybridoma cells PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04569 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 89 IS - 7 SP - 4007 EP - 4012 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-40320 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Heyn, A. ED - Lampke, T. ED - Wagner, G. ED - Wagner, M.F.-X. T1 - Dynamic tafel factor adaption for the evaluation of instantaneous corrosion rates on zinc by using gel-type electrolytes N2 - The paper presents a new method for the determination and evaluation of tafel factors using gel-type electrolytes and electrochemical frequency modulation technique (EFM). This relatively new electrochemical method offers the possibility to determine both polarization resistances and tafel factors within one measurement and in short measuring intervals. Starting from a comprehensive parameter study it is shown that a direct relationship between the two values exists that can be described mathematically. This contribution presents the determined tafel factors for the system gel-type electrolyte/zinc and discusses their applicability and their limits. T2 - 19. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium der TU Chemnitz CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 16.03.2017 KW - Gel-type electrolytes KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Zinc KW - Zink KW - Stern Geary constant KW - Stern-Geary-Konstante PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-00-055705-7 SN - 1439-1597 VL - 61 SP - 189 EP - 199 PB - TU Chemnitz, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik CY - Chemnitz AN - OPUS4-39434 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Heyn, A. T1 - Corrosion investigations by using gel-type electrolytes N2 - This contribution will show that gel-type electrolytes influence protective layers on zinc coatings considerably less than typical bulk electrolytes. Different zinc coatings are investigated, their naturally formed protective layers are electrochemically characterized and corrosion relevant values are determined by using a gel pad based on polysaccharide. From the results it is evident that gel-type electrolytes represent a viable and promising field in corrosion research. T2 - EUROCORR European Corrosion Congress 2016 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Corrosion investigations KW - Gel-type electrolytes KW - Zinc coatings PY - 2016 SP - Paper P-56097 AN - OPUS4-37546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Samokrutov, A.A. A1 - Mayer, K. A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Alekhin, S. G. A1 - Elkin, V. T1 - LAUS - Large aperture ultrasonic system - for testing thick concrete structures N2 - A Large Aperture UltraSonic (LAUS) system has been designed and built for testing thick concrete structures. The scalable system consists of twelve ultrasonic units, each hosting 32 individual shear wave transducers with mechanical dry point contact (DPC) to the concrete surface. The twelve units are attached to the concrete surface using a vacuum case which holds them in place during operation. Each LAUS unit can be placed individually depending on the surface condition and optimal ultrasonic condition, e.g. rebar position. Air pressure is supplied to each unit through an air hose. The following extended abstract is a short version of an article to be published in the special edition of ASCE JIS that will describe the outline of the system, the principle of functioning, the data processing and adapted reconstruction calculation based on SAFT as well as the system performance during first applications. T2 - NDT-CE 2015 - International symposium non-destructive testing in civil engineering CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Ultrasonic imaging KW - Linear array KW - Reconstruction calculation (SAFT) PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-345383 UR - http://www.ndt.net/?id=18313 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 20 IS - 11 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-34538 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heyn, A. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Bender, S. T1 - Elektrochemisches Rauschen von unlegiertem Stahl in wasserbasierten Bindemittel-Pigment-Gemischen N2 - Die Entwicklung von Beschichtungen für den Korrosionsschutz ist ein aufwändiger Prozess mit einer Vielzahl von oftmals langwierigen Untersuchungen und Prüfungen der Schutzeigenschaften. Elektrochemische Methoden unterstützen die Entwicklungsprozesse in hohem Maße und helfen beim Verstehen von Wirk- und Schadensmechanismen. Sie werden meistens an fertig formulierten und applizierten Beschichtungssystemen vorgenommen. Es wird eine Untersuchungsmöglichkeit vorgestellt, bei der sich wasserbasierte Beschichtungsstoffe in unterschiedlichen Formulierungsvarianten bereits im flüssigen Zustand mit Hilfe des elektrochemischen Rauschens charakterisieren lassen. Damit ist es möglich, bereits in einer sehr frühen Phase der Formulierungsentwicklung die Auswahl von Bindemitteln, Pigmenten und weiteren Zusatzstoffen entscheidend zu unterstützen und effizienter zu gestalten. Am Beispiel der Entwicklung von zinkfreien Korrosionsschutzpigmenten für wasserbasierte Beschichtungen wird gezeigt, dass ein einzigartiger Einblick in die dynamischen Prozesse bei Kontakt eines Metalls mit der wässrigen Beschichtungsdispersion möglich ist und wie dies mit der Performance der Beschichtungen korreliert. T2 - 16. Sommerkurs Werkstoffe und Fügen CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 08.09.2017 KW - Beschichtung KW - Korrosion KW - Elektrochemisches Rauschen KW - Korrosionsschutzpigmente KW - Korrosionsschutz PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-944722-58-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.24352/UB.OVGU-2017-75 SP - 139 EP - 148 AN - OPUS4-41893 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Heyn, A. T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen mit gelartigen Elektrolyten zur Beschreibung der Korrosionsschutzwirkung von Zinküberzügen N2 - Ein neuer Ansatz bei elektrochemischen Korrosionsuntersuchungen kann durch den Einsatz von gelartigen Elektrolyten als Alternative zu wässrigen Prüfelektrolyten beschritten werden. Gelartige Elektrolyte ermöglichen minimalinvasive Untersuchungen an natürlich gebildeten Zinkdeckschichten. Dadurch können korrosionsrelevante Kennwerte ermittelt werden, die Aussagen zur Deckschichtbildung und zur Stabilität der gebildeten Deckschichten erlauben. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand verschiedener Deckschichtzustände an Zink der Mehrwert von gelartigen Elektrolyten für die Korrosionsforschung verdeutlicht. T2 - 16. Sommerkurs Werkstoffe und Fügen am Institut für Werkstoff- und Fügetechnik CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 08.09.2017 KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Korrosionsprüfung KW - Zinkdeckschichten KW - Corrosion testing KW - Gel-type electrolytes KW - Layer formation KW - Zinc coatings PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-944722-58-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.24352/UB.OVGU-2017-75 SP - 119 EP - 127 AN - OPUS4-41898 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beutel, R. A1 - Reinhardt, H.-W. A1 - Grosse, C.U. A1 - Glaubitt, A. A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Algernon, Daniel A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Schickert, M. T1 - Comparative performance tests and validation of NDT methods for concrete testing N2 - Validation of non-destructive testing methods is necessary to create a common basis where different systems can be compared and their applications and limitations be identified. This can be achieved through comparing the measurements taken by several systems used for a common diagnostic purpose under practical but controlled testing conditions. Well-designed small and large laboratory or field specimens promise such conditions. The special concrete specimen (LCS) at BAM was constructed for validation purposes, in particular, to be used for evaluating the performance of echo methods. The thickness of the specimen is varying and it contains carefully designed built-in faults, such as voids, honeycombs and tendon ducts with various degrees of grouting defects. Since the geometry and condition of the defects are known, it can be used to compare the performance of radar, ultrasonic, impact-echo. The research was conducted within the Research group FOR384, sponsored by the German Research Society DFG. KW - Performance demonstration KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Concrete KW - Radar KW - Ultrasound KW - Impact-echo PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-008-0037-1 SN - 0195-9298 SN - 1573-4862 VL - 27 IS - 1-3 SP - 59 EP - 65 PB - Plenum Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-17925 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marklein, R. A1 - Mayer, K. A1 - Zimmer, A. A1 - Krause, Martin T1 - Ganzheitliche Methoden zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von Betonbauteilen - Modellierung, Abbildung und Charakterisierung von Verpressfehlern in Hüllrohren N2 - Für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung großer Betonbauwerke unter dem Aspekt der Analyse von Spannkanälen hat sich die Ultraschalltechnik in den letzten Jahren als geeignete Methode herausgestellt, da sowohl die Messtechnik – insbesondere die Ultraschallwandler – als auch die numerischen Auswerteverfahren in einem Stadium sind, das es erlaubt, größere Messflächen und damit größere Volumina zu beschallen und abzubilden. Mit Hilfe der Modellierung der Ausbreitung elastischer Wellen in komplexen Medien können praxisrelevante Problemstellungen untersucht werden, auch unter dem Aspekt, Testkörper zu planen oder gar zu ersetzen. Durch die Auswertung der Phase der Rekonstruktion eines Streuvorgangs können Fehlstellen klassifiziert und damit Aussagen über die Bauwerkssicherheit signifikant objektiviert werden. Die Methoden werden, im Hinblick auf eine ganzheitliche Sichtweise von skalaren und polarimetrischen Abbildungsverfahren mit Unterstützung der Modellierung und der anschließenden Klassifizierung durch Phasenanalyse, an ausgewählten Beispielen erläutert. For nondestructive testing of concrete buildings under the aspect of tendon duct analysis, ultrasonic testing has proven to be a suitable method, as both the measuring technique – in particular the acoustic sensors – and the numerical methods allow the insonification and imaging of larger surfaces and volumes. With the aid of numerical modelling of elastic wave propagation in complex media real life problems can be examined with the goal to design or even to replace test specimen. By determination of the phase of an imaged scattering event, defects can be classified, and the prediction of the integrity of buildings can be significantly objectified. The methods are explained for selected examples in an integral way with respect to scalar and polarimetric imaging algorithms supported by modelling and subsequent classification through phase analysis. KW - Elastische Wellenausbreitung KW - Numerische Modellierung KW - Polimetrische Abbildungsverfahren KW - Phasenauswertung KW - Beton KW - Spannkanäle KW - Verpressfehler KW - Elastic wave propagation KW - Numerical modelling KW - Polarimetric imaging KW - Phase analysis KW - Concrete KW - Tendon ducts KW - Grouting defects PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/teme.2008.0868 SN - 0340-837X SN - 0178-2312 SN - 0171-8096 VL - 75 IS - 6 SP - 376 EP - 389 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-18235 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rühe, S. A1 - Dilz, K. A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - Zösch, A. T1 - Untersuchungen an lasergeschweißten Blechverbindungen mit Wirbelstrom T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2004 CY - Salzburg, Österreich DA - 2004-05-17 KW - Wirbelstrom KW - Laserschweißnaht KW - Karosserieteile PY - 2004 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp04/papers/p27/p27.htm SN - 3-931381-55-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 2(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-5487 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bär, S. A1 - Huber, G. A1 - Gonzalo, J. A1 - Perea, A. A1 - Munz, Martin T1 - Pulsed laser deposition of EU - Y2O3 thin films on (0001) alpha-Al2O3 N2 - This paper focuses on the preparation and characterization of crystalline thin films of rare-earth-doped sesquioxides (Y2O3, Lu2O3) grown by pulsed laser deposition on single-crystal (0001) sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the films with thicknesses between 1 nm and 500 nm were highly textured along the 111 direction. Using Rutherford backscattering analysis, the correct stoichiometric composition of the films was established. The emission and excitation spectra of europium-doped films with a thickness 100 nm look similar to those of the corresponding crystalline bulk material, whereas films with a thickness 20 nm show a completely different emission behavior. KW - Pulsed laser deposition KW - Integrated optical devices KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Luminescence PY - 2004 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0926860X DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-004-3029-8 SN - 0947-8396 VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - 209 EP - 216 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-5990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Mädebach, Heinrich A1 - Urech, L. A1 - Lippert, T. A1 - Wokaun, A. A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang T1 - Femto- and nanosecond laser treatment of doped polymethylmethacrylate N2 - Femto- and nanosecond laser ablation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and PMMA doped with a linear absorber was investigated in the infrared spectral region. Ablation thresholds were determined and incubation phenomena were identified. The ‘degree’ of incubation was calculated employing a phenomenological model. The influence of the pulse duration on the machining quality of the polymers was examined. The presence of an absorbing chromophore is not a prerequisite for a controllable fs-laser structuring in contrast to the ns-treatment. Surface swelling always accompanied ablation. KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser beam machining KW - Doping thin films KW - Polymers-radiation effects PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.078 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 247 SP - 406 EP - 411 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spickermann, J. A1 - Martin, K. A1 - Räder, H.J. A1 - Müllen, K. A1 - Schlaad, H. A1 - Müller, A. H. E. A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter T1 - Quantitative analysis of broad molecular weight distributions obtained by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry PY - 1996 SN - 1469-0667 SN - 1356-1049 SN - 1365-0718 IS - 2 SP - 161 EP - 165 PB - IM Publications CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-2153 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Starke, K. A1 - Ristau, D. A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Allenspacher, P. A1 - Riede, W. A1 - Meister, S. A1 - Theiss, C. A1 - Sabbah, A. A1 - Rudolph, W. A1 - Raab, V. A1 - Grigonis, R. A1 - Rakickas, T. A1 - Sirutkaitis, V. ED - Exarhos, G. J. T1 - Results of a round-robin experiment in multiple-pulse LIDT measurement with ultrashort pulses T2 - 35th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium ; 35th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY - Boulder, CO, USA DA - 2003-09-22 KW - Multiple-pulse damage KW - ISO 11254-2 KW - S on 1-LIDT KW - Round-robin experiment KW - CHOCLAB PY - 2004 SN - 0-8194-5163-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.525135 SN - 0038-7355 N1 - Serientitel: Proceedings of SPIE – Series title: Proceedings of SPIE IS - 5273 SP - 388 EP - 395 PB - SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering CY - Bellingham, Wash. AN - OPUS4-4948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Milmann, Boris A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Römer, A. A1 - Völkel, W. T1 - Untersuchungen zur zerstörungsfreien Bestimmung des Hohlraumgehaltes von Asphaltschichten T2 - DGZfP-Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose "Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2006-02-22 KW - Asphalt KW - Hohlraumgehalt KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Ultraschallverfahren KW - Ultraschall-Rückstreuung KW - Radarverfahren PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-71-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12116 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urech, L. A1 - Lippert, T. A1 - Wokaun, A. A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Mädebach, Heinrich A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Removal of doped poly(methylmetacrylate) from tungsten and titanium substrates by femto- and nanosecond laser cleaning N2 - The influence of different laser pulse lengths on the removal of a polymer layer from metal substrates was investigated. As model systems, doped poly(methylmetacrylate) (PMMA) on titanium and tungsten substrates were selected. The ablation threshold and irradiation spot morphology of titanium and tungsten were compared for femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) laser irradiation and different pulse numbers. Nanosecond laser treatment resulted in a non-homogeneous surface morphology for both titanium and tungsten substrates. Femtosecond irradiation of tungsten revealed a homogeneous ablation spot with little changes in the surface morphology. For titanium, the formation of columnar structures within the irradiation spot was observed. Two different dopant concentrations were used for PMMA to achieve an equal linear absorption coefficient for the femto- and nanosecond laser wavelengths of 790 and 1064 nm. The best results were achieved for the removal of doped PMMA by femtosecond laser irradiation, where only a minimal modification of the metal surface was detected. In the case of nanosecond laser exposure, a pronounced change of the structure was observed, suggesting that damage-free cleaning of the selected metal may only be possible using femtosecond laser pulses. Different experimental parameters, such as laser fluence, pulse repetition rate and sample speed were also investigated to optimize the cleaning quality of doped PMMA from tungsten substrates with femtosecond laser pulses. KW - Poly(methylmetacrylate) KW - Laser treatment KW - Tungsten KW - Titanium KW - Femtosecond PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.07.109 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 252 IS - 13 SP - 4754 EP - 4758 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-12368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Lenzner, Matthias A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Lenner, M. A1 - Spielmann, Ch. A1 - Fiedler, A. A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang T1 - Single- and multi-pulse femtosecond laser ablation of optical filter materials N2 - Ablation experiments employing Ti:sapphire laser pulses with durations from 30 to 340 fs (centre wavelength 800 nm, repetition rate 1 kHz) were performed in air. Absorbing filters (Schott BG18 and BG36) served as targets. The direct focusing technique was used under single- and multi-pulse irradiation conditions. Ablation threshold fluences were determined from a semi-logarithmic plot of the ablation crater diameter versus laser fluence. The threshold fluence decreases for a shorter pulse duration and an increasing number of pulses. The multi-pulse ablation threshold fluences are similar to those of undoped glass material (~1 J cm-2). That means that the multi-pulse ablation threshold is independent on the doping level of the filters. For more than 100 pulses per spot and all pulse durations applied, the threshold fluence is practically constant. This leads to technically relevant ablation threshold values. KW - Damage KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Filter KW - Incubation KW - Laser safety KW - Threshold PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(02)01389-2 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 208-209 SP - 233 EP - 237 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Fiedler, A. A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang T1 - Femtosecond laser interaction with protection materials N2 - Textile, aluminium and polyethylene used as components in laser protection curtains were investigated with respect to their ablation behaviour. Employing 33-fs pulses (800 nm wavelength, 1 kHz repetition rate), ex situ geometrical measurements of the ablation cavities and in situ acoustic investigations with a microphone were performed to determine the ablation thresholds in the single- and multi-pulse cases. The acoustical method proved advantageous for complex surface morphologies and/or single laser pulse interactions. Incubation phenomena can be observed for all the materials studied. Technically relevant multi-pulse ablation thresholds are presented and are compared with the single-pulse (1-on-1) irradiation. KW - Damage KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Laser safety KW - Threshold KW - Aluminium KW - Textile PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(02)01392-2 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 208-209 SP - 333 EP - 339 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stadthaus, Meinhard A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - Baugatz, J. A1 - König, W. A1 - Migoun, N. A1 - Gnusin, A. T1 - Performance testing of detection media for magnetic particle and penetrant testing following the European standards T2 - Congrès COFREND 2001 CY - Reims, France DA - 2001-04-24 PY - 2001 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) PB - COFREND CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-1123 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stadthaus, Meinhard A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - König, W. A1 - Baugatz, J. A1 - Migoun, N. A1 - Gnusin, A. T1 - Ermittlung der Eignung von Prüfmitteln für die Eindring- und Magnetpulverprüfung nach dem europäischen Normwerk T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2001 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2001-05-21 PY - 2001 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp01/papers/p39/p39.htm N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 75-CD PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1302 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - Stadthaus, Meinhard A1 - Baugatz, J. A1 - König, W. A1 - Migoun, N. P. A1 - Prokhorenko, P. P. A1 - Gnusin, A. B. T1 - Reproducibility Problem for the Procedure of Type Testing of Liquid Penetrants N2 - Apparently that the type testing procedure should be conducted under the conditions ensuring reproducibility of its outcomes. We investigated various factors effecting upon the reproducibility. To obtain quantitative characteristics of indication’s visibility the image-processing hard-and software were used. It was established that there are two main groups of these factors. The first depends on the differences between various test panels, which are used for type testing. The second one concerns the reproducibility of some stages of penetrant testing procedure (excess penetrant removing and developer application). The recommendations to increase the reproducibility of type testing are developed and illustrated experimentally. The determination of penetrant system sensitivity as a part of type testing should be conducted ensuring reproducibility of the result. We investigated some factors effecting the reproducibility. To obtain quantitative characteristics of indication’s visibility, an image processing system was used [1]. We used 3 different sets of reference blocks (rb1, rb2, rb3) corresponding to type 1 of EN ISO 3452-3 [2]. Two fluorescent penetrants with different sensitivities and the same wet solvent developer were used. It was established that the reproducibility of type testing is influenced by mainly two principal factors. First there are the differences between reference blocks. Second one concerns the reproducibility of penetrant testing procedure, especially excess penetrant removal and developer application. According to EN ISO 3452-3 a reference block for determination of sensitivity level of fluorescent penetrants consists of a set of three nickel-chrome plated panels with 10, 20 and 30 µm plating thickness. Transverse cracks are made in each panel by stretching the panels in the longitudinal direction and width to depth ratio of the cracks should be approximately 1/20. Each panel presents a certain sensitivity level, which is characterised by the level of visibility of the indication. The highest level 3 corresponds to the panel with 10 µm thickness plating. Each panel is cut longitudinally (perpendicular to the crack) so that 2 sheets (panels A and B) with nearly the same cracks will be produced. These panels A and B of a reference block are used for relative evaluation, for example to compare sensitivities of two penetrants. It is considered that the application of the same penetrant to both panels with subsequent adequate development results in the same visibility of the indications on these panels. Quantitative correlations between the abilities of the reference blocks used for determining of the sensitivity were obtained in our investigations. We used the relations between the measured values of light-fluxes from the indications of similar comparing areas on two panels. These indications correspond to certain cracks’ parts of the same total length on both comparing areas. The relations of the steps between the panel are responsible for the definition of the sensitivity groups. From our investigations it follows that the steps of the different sets are different. Besides it was established that the indication‘s visibility for the same penetrant applied on different reference blocks might have a considerable difference depending on the penetrant sensitivity: the higher penetrant’ sensitivity, the smaller is such a difference between the steps 30/20 and 20/10. For example, for rb3 the relations 30/20 and 20/10 for lower sensitive penetrant (I1) reached factor 3 comparing with factor 2 for higher sensitive penetrant (I2). Some results of the comparison between the 3 sets (rb1, rb2, rb3) investigations are summarised in Table 1 with rb1 as a reference. T2 - 8th ECNDT CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 2002-06-17 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt02/199/199.htm VL - 8 SP - 1(?) EP - 5(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Barcelona AN - OPUS4-1396 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Lenzner, Matthias A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Lenner, M. A1 - Spielmann, C. A1 - Fiedler, A. A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang ED - Phipps, C. R. T1 - Femtosecond laser induced damage in absorbing filters used for laser protection N2 - Damage experiments of absorbing filters (Schott BG18 and BG36) were performed with Ti:sapphire laser pulses with durations from 30 fs to 340 fs (800 nm, 1 kHz) in air. The direct focusing technique was employed under single- and multi-pulse irradiation conditions. Ablation threshold fluences were determined from a semi-logarithmic plot of the ablation crater diameter vs. laser fluence. The damage threshold fluence decreases for shorter pulse durations. In the investigated pulse duration range, the measured multi-pulse ablation threshold fluences are practically similar to those of undoped glass material (~1 Jcm-2). That means that the multi-pulse ablation threshold is independent on the doping level of the filters. For more than 100 pulses per spot and all pulse durations applied, the threshold fluence saturates. This leads to technically relevant damage threshold values in the femtosecond laser pulse duration domain. T2 - 4th SPIE's International Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY - Taos, NM, USA DA - 2002-04-22 KW - Ablation KW - Damage KW - Eye protection KW - Femtosecond pulse laser KW - Incubation KW - Laser safety KW - Threshold fluence PY - 2002 SN - 0-8194-4524-X DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.482109 SN - 1605-7422 N1 - Serientitel: SPIE proceedings series – Series title: SPIE proceedings series VL - 1 IS - 4760 SP - 398 EP - 405 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, Wash. AN - OPUS4-1550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stadthaus, Meinhard A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - Migoun, N. A1 - Porkhorenko, P. A1 - Gnusin, A. ED - Thompson, D. T1 - On the Reliability of the Quantitative Evaluation of Penetrant Systems Quality N2 - The market of the penetrant systems is increasing every year. A sensitivity of the penetrant systems is one of the main criteria for a customer. Therefore the importance of reliable result of the determination of penetrant systems sensitivity is increasing as well. It was established in our experiments that repeating the procedure of type testing in accordance with ISO EN 3452-2, in many cases one can obtain rather variable results for the sensitivity level. The goal of our investigations was to establish the principal factors, influencing upon the result of penetrant system type testing. Our results show that the values of the duration of such penetrant inspection technological stages as penetrant and developer applications may be considerably lower than the values recommended by ISO EN 3452-2 for the type testing. At the same time the character of the procedure's realisation of excess penetrant removal and developer application strongly influences upon the type testing results. Some recommendations for obtaining more reliable results of the determination of penetrant system sensitivity are worked out and proposed. ©2002 American Institute of Physics. T2 - 28th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Brunswick, ME, USA DA - 2001-07-29 PY - 2001 SN - 0-7354-0061-X DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1473037 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings IS - 615 SP - 1991 EP - 1996 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-1531 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Lenzner, Matthias A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Lenner, M. A1 - Spielmann, C. A1 - Fiedler, A. ED - Meunier, M. T1 - Single- and multi-pulse femtosecond laser ablation of optical filter materials N2 - Commercially available absorption filters (Schott BG18 and BG36) were investigated with respect to their single- and multi-pulse ablation threshold using laser pulses from a Ti:Sapphire laser in the range between 30 and 340 fs. It could be observed, that the threshold fluence decreases for shorter pulse durations. The similarity of the measured multi-pulse threshold fluences with those of undoped glass material (around 1 J/cm^2 for a pulse duration of 30 fs) suggests that, for very short pulses, the threshold is independent on the doping level and therefore, linear absorption does not significantly contribute to laser-induced damage. For >100 pulses per spot and all pulse durations applied, the threshold fluences saturate. This independence on the number of applied pulses leads to technically relevant damage threshold values. T2 - Symposium D - European Materials Research Society CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 2002-06-18 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.emrs-strasbourg.com/files/pdf/2002_SPRING/02_Prog_Dv2.pdf N1 - Serientitel: Applied surface science – Series title: Applied surface science VL - 208/209.2003,1 IS - 1 SP - 1(?) PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang A1 - Martin, Sven A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Lenzner, Matthias A1 - Fiedler, A. ED - Meunier, M. T1 - Femtosecond laser multi-pulse interaction with optical filters and fabrics N2 - Optical filters and fabrics are important parts of laser safety equipment such as goggles and curtains. A choice of these materials with varying absorption spectra is investigated with respect to their resistance to Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser radiation (800 nm wavelength, 1 kHz repetition rate). Pulse durations down to 30 fs and multiple-pulse irradiation conditions are employed to evaluate technically relevant damage thresholds. The ablation threshold fluences of the absorbing filters are comparable to those observed for transparent materials with 30-fs-pulses. These investigations together with scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology after laser treatment provide insight into the interaction mechanism of the short pulses with the materials. T2 - Symposium D - European Materials Research Society CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 2002-06-18 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.emrs-strasbourg.com/files/pdf/2002_SPRING/02_Prog_Dv2.pdf N1 - Serientitel: Applied surface science – Series title: Applied surface science VL - 208/209.2003,1 IS - 1 SP - 1(?) PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zoega, A. A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Kurz, J. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Boßmann, N. T1 - Ultraschalluntersuchungen zur Rissdetektion an Spannbetonschwellen N2 - Im deutschen Eisenbahnnetz sind ca. 80 Millionen Spannbetonschwellen verbaut. Analog zu anderen Bauwerken werden Wpannbetonschwellen regelmäßig visuell inspiziert. Die Rissbildung ist bei diesen Inspektionen ein Kriterium für die Schädigung einer Spannbetonschwelle. Durch Rissbildung kann es passieren, dass Betonschwellen ihre Nutzungsdauer nicht erreichen. KW - ZfPBau KW - Spannbeton PY - 2017 VL - März 2017 IS - Ernst & Sohn Special 2017 SP - 20 EP - 22 PB - Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-48112 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Kolmangadi, Mohamed A. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - De Souza, N. R. A1 - Juranyi, F. A1 - Zorn, R. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Inelastic and Quasielastic Neutron Scattering on Polynorbornenes with Bulky Carbocyclic Side groups N2 - This study investigates the molecular mobility and vibrational properties of polynorbornenes with bulky carbocyclic side groups using inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering techniques. The polymers, synthesized via metathesis and addition polymerization, exhibit varying degrees of microporosity, which ignificantly influences their gas separation performance. By inelastic neutron scattering experiments, it could be shown that all considered polymers have excess contributions to the low frequency vibrational density of states known as the Boson peak. The maximum frequency of the Boson peak correlates to the microporosity of the polymers. This correlation supports the sound wave interpretation of the Boson peak, suggesting that the microporous structure enhances the compressibility of the material at a microscopic length scale. The molecular mobility, particularly the methyl group rotation, was characterized using elastic scans and quasielastic neutron scattering. The study revealed a temperature dependent relaxation process, with the onset of molecular fluctuations observed around 200 K for the polymer containing methyl groups. For the polymer having no methyl groups only elastic scattering is observed. The methyl group rotation was analyzed in terms of a jump diffusion in a threefold potential with three equivalent energy minima. This leads to an almost correct description of the q dependence of the elastic incoherent scattering function when the number of hydrogen nuclei undergoing the methyl group rotation is considered. It was further evidenced that the fraction of methyl undergoing the methyl group rotation increases with increasing temperature. KW - Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity KW - Neutron scattering PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630297 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128358 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 328 SP - 241 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-63029 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Kolmangadi, Mohamed A. A1 - Juranyi, Fanni A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Zorn, Reiner A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Low-Frequency Vibrational Density of State of Janus-Polynorbornenes: The Dependence of the Boson Peak on the Nanophase-Separated Structure N2 - Inelastic incoherent neutron time-of-flight scattering was employed to investigate the low-frequency vibrational density of states (VDOSs) for a series of glassy Janus-poly(tricyclononenes), which consist of a rigid main chain and flexible alkyl side chains. Here, the length of the flexible side chains was systematically varied from propyl to octyl. Such materials have potential applications as active separation layers in gas separation membranes as a green future technology, especially for the separation of higher hydrocarbons. From the morphological point of view, the Janus polynorbornenes undergo a nanophase separation into alkyl side chain-rich nanodomains surrounded by a rigid polynorbornene matrix. Here, the influence of the nanophase-separated structure on the low-frequency VDOS is investigated from a fundamental point of view. The low-frequency VDOSs of these Janus polynorbornene show excess contributions to the Debye type VDOS known as the Boson peak (BP) for all side chain lengths. Due to the high incoherent scattering cross-section of hydrogen, most of the scattering comes from the alkyl side chain-rich domains. Compared to conventional glass-forming materials, in the considered Janus polynorbornenes, the BP has a much lower intensity and its frequency position is shifted to higher values. These experimental results are discussed in terms of the nanophase-separated structure where the alkyl chain-rich domains were constrained by the surrounding matrix dominated by the rigid backbone. With increasing alkyl chain length, the size of the alkyl chain-rich domains increases. The frequency position of the BP shifts linearly to lower frequencies with the size of these nanodomains estimated from X-ray measurements. The obtained results support the sound wave interpretation to the BP KW - Inelastic neutron scattering PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00913 SN - 0024-9297 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-57972 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - Rühe, S. A1 - v. Hornhardt, A. A1 - Krull, R. T1 - Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystem für Eisenbahnschienen N2 - Besonders in beweglichen Weichenteilen, wie z.B. Zungen und beweglichen Herzstückspitzen ist die Detektion von Rissen, die zum Bruch des Bauteils führen können, von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Wegen der komplizierten geometrischen Randbedingungen muß der Schienenprüfzug hier seinen Prüfkopfträger anheben. Aus diesem Grund werden diese Bereiche regelmäßig durch eine manuelle Ultraschallprüfung überwacht. Da auch sehr kleine Anrisse im Oberflächenbereich interessant sind, soll das bereits vorhandene Prüfverfahren durch ein Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystem so erweitert werden, daß eine sichere Detektion in den gefährdeten Bereichen möglich ist. Aufbau und Wirkungsweise des Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystems werden erläutert. KW - Wirbelstrom-Handprüfsystem KW - Eisenbahnschienen PY - 2000 UR - http://www.ndt.net/abstract/dgzfp00/data/96.htm SN - 3-931381-32-3 VL - 73-2 IS - 2 SP - 883 EP - 889 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-879 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beutel, R. A1 - Reinhardt, H.-W. A1 - Grosse, C. U. A1 - Glaubitt, A. A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Algernon, Daniel A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Schickert, M. T1 - Performance Demonstration of Non-Destructive Testing Methods T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - NDT-CE KW - Concrete KW - Ultrasonic echo KW - Impact-echo KW - Radar KW - Concrete cover of tendon ducts KW - Thickness measurement KW - Concrete slabs PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Beutel, R. A1 - Reinhardt, H.-W. A1 - Große, C. A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Algernon, Daniel A1 - Streicher, Doreen A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Glaubitt, A. T1 - Quantitativer Verfahrensvergleich KW - ZfPBau KW - Ultraschallecho KW - Radar KW - Impact-Echo KW - Dickenmessung KW - Betondeckung KW - Hüllrohrortung KW - Betonbauteile PY - 2006 SN - 978-3-433-01833-0 SN - 0342-7617 VL - 1 IS - Kap. V / Abschnitt 11 SP - 567 EP - 573 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14379 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lozano-Martín, D. A1 - Akubue, G. U. A1 - Moreau, A. A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Chamorro, C. R. T1 - Accurate experimental (p, rho, T) data of the (CO2 + O2) binary system for the development of models for CCS processes N2 - The limited availability of accurate experimental data in wide ranges of pressure, temperature, and composition is the main constraining factor for the proper development and assessment of thermodynamic models and equations of state. In the particular case of carbon capture and storage (CCS) processes, there is a clear need for data sets related to the (carbon dioxide + oxygen) mixtures that this work aims to address. This work provides new experimental (p, rho, T) data for three binary (CO2 + O2) mixtures with mole fractions of oxygen x(O2) = (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) mol/mol, in the temperature range T = (250 to 375) K and pressure range p = (0.5 to 13) MPa. The measurements were performed with a high-precision single-sinker densimeter with magnetic suspension coupling. The density data were obtained with estimated expanded relative uncertainties of 0.02 % for the highest densities and up to 0.3 % for the lowest ones.The results were compared to the corresponding results calculated by the current reference equations of state for this kind of mixtures, namely the EOS-CG (combustion gases) and the GERG-2008 equation of state, respectively. The EOS-CG yields better estimations in density than the GERG-2008 equation of state. The results from the EOS-GC model show no systematic temperature dependence. For the GERG-2008 model, however, this criterion is significantly less fulfilled. KW - carbon capture and storage KW - single-sinker densimeter KW - equation of state PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2020.106210 SN - 0021-9614 VL - 150 SP - 106210 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50925 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Lilienthal, A. J. T1 - Gas Tomography Up In The Air! N2 - In this paper, we present an autonomous aerial robot to reconstruct tomographic 2D slices of gas plumes in outdoor environments. Our platform, the so-called Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS) combines a lightweight Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming on a versatile octocopter. The TDLAS sensor provides integral gas concentration measurements but no information regarding the distance traveled by the laser diode's beam or the distribution of the gas along the optical path. We complemented the set-up with a laser rangefinder and apply principles of Computed Tomography (CT) to create a model of the spatial gas distribution from these integral concentration measurements. To allow for a rudimentary ground truth evaluation of the applied gas tomography algorithm, we set up a unique outdoor test environment based on two 3D ultrasonic anemometers and a distributed array of 10 infrared gas transmitters. We present first results showing the 2D plume reconstruction capabilities of the system under realistic conditions. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2018 CY - New Delhi, India DA - 28.10.2018 KW - Aerial robot KW - TDLAS KW - Gas tomography KW - Plume PY - 2018 SN - 978-1-5386-4707-3 SP - 396 EP - 398 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-46477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Dérobert, X. A1 - Hugenschmidt, J. A1 - Moczko, A. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Taffe, Alexander ED - L. Binda, ED - M. di Prisco, ED - R. Felicetti, T1 - Benchmark for thickness measurement of concrete elements T2 - 1st International RILEM Conference, on Site Assessment of Concrete, Masonry and Timber Structures (SACoMaTiS 2008) CY - Varenna, Italy DA - 2008-09-01 KW - Thickness measurement KW - Radar KW - Ultrasonic Echo KW - Impact-Echo and Low Strain Techniques PY - 2008 SN - 978-2-35158-062-2 VL - 1 IS - PRO 59 SP - 357 EP - 366 PB - RILEM Publications AN - OPUS4-18030 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lozano-Martín, D. A1 - Pazoki, F. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Khanipour, P. A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Horillo, A. A1 - Chamorro, C. R. T1 - Thermodynamic (p, ρ, T) characterization of a reference high-calorific natural gas mixture when hydrogen is added up to 20 % (mol/mol) N2 - The injection of hydrogen into the natural-gas grid is an alternative during the process of a gradual decarbonization of the heat and power supply. When dealing with hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures, the performance of the reference equations of state habitually used for natural gas should be validated by using high-precision experimental thermophysical data from multicomponent reference mixtures prepared with the lowest possible uncertainty in composition. In this work, we present experimental density data for an 11-compound high-calorific (hydrogen-free) natural gas mixture and for two derived hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures prepared by adding (10 and 20) mol-% of hydrogen to the original standard natural gas mixture. The three mixtures were prepared gravimetrically according to ISO 6142–1 for maximum precision in their composition and thus qualify for reference materials. A single-sinker densimeter was used to determine the density of the mixtures from (250–350) K and up to 20 MPa. The experimental density results of this work have been compared to the densities calculated by three different reference equations of state for natural gas related mixtures: the AGA8-DC92 EoS, the GERG-2008 EoS, and an improved version of the GERG-2008 EoS. While relative deviations of the experimental density data for the hydrogen-free natural gas mixture are always within the claimed uncertainty of the three considered equations of state, larger deviations can be observed for the hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures from any of the three equations of state, especially for the lowest temperature and the highest pressures. KW - Hydrogen-enriched natural gas KW - Single-sinker densimeter KW - High-pressure density KW - Equations of state PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604742 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.028 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 70 SP - 118 EP - 135 PB - Elsevier BV CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-60474 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anker, Andy S. A1 - Aspuru-Guzik, Alán A1 - Ben Mahmoud, Chiheb A1 - Bennett, Sophie A1 - Briling, Ksenia R. A1 - Changiarath, Arya A1 - Chong, Sanggyu A1 - Collins, Christopher M. A1 - Cooper, Andrew I. A1 - Crusius, Daniel A1 - Darmawan, Kevion K. A1 - Das, Basita A1 - David, Nicholas A1 - Day, Graeme M. A1 - Deringer, Volker L. A1 - Duarte, Fernanda A1 - Eardley-Brunt, Annabel A1 - Evans, Matthew L. A1 - Evans, Rob A1 - Fairlamb, Ian A1 - Franklin, Barnabas A. A1 - Frey, Jeremy A1 - Ganose, Alex M. A1 - Goulding, Mark A1 - Hafizi, Roohollah A1 - Hakkennes, Matthijs A1 - Hickey, Niamh A1 - James, Gillian A1 - Jelfs, Kim E. A1 - Kalikadien, Adarsh V. A1 - Kapil, Venkat A1 - Koczor-Benda, Zsuzsanna A1 - Krammer, Ferdinand A1 - Kulik, Heather J. A1 - Kumar, Vishank A1 - Kuttner, Christian A1 - Lam, Erwin A1 - Lou, Yuchen A1 - Mante, Eltjo A1 - Martin, Jennie A1 - Mroz, Austin M. A1 - Nematiaram, Tahereh A1 - Pare, Charles W. P. A1 - Patra, Sarbani A1 - Proudfoot, James A1 - Ruscic, Branko A1 - Ryder, Matthew R. A1 - Sakaushi, Ken A1 - Saßmannshausen, Jörg A1 - Savoie, Brett M. A1 - Schneider, Nadine A1 - Schwaller, Philippe A1 - Skjelstad, Bastian Bjerkem A1 - Sun, Wenhao A1 - Szczypiński, Filip T. A1 - Torrisi, Steven A1 - Ueltzen, Katharina A1 - Vishnoi, Shubham A1 - Walsh, Aron A1 - Wang, Xinwei A1 - Wilson, Chloe A1 - Wu, Ruiqi A1 - Zeitler, Jakob T1 - Discovering structure–property correlations: General discussion N2 - This article is a discussion of the paper "Web-BO: Towards increased accessibility of Bayesian optimisation (BO) for chemistry" by Austin M. Mroz, Piotr N. Toka, Ehecatl Antonio del Río Chanona and Kim E. Jelfs (Faraday discussions, 2025, 256, 221-234). KW - Materials design KW - Machine learning KW - Automation KW - Materials discovery PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fd90062f SN - 1359-6640 SN - 1364-5498 VL - 256 IS - Themed collection: Data-driven discovery in the chemical sciences SP - 373 EP - 412 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-62208 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anker, Andy S. A1 - Aspuru-Guzik, Alán A1 - Bechtel, Tim A1 - Bigi, Filippo A1 - Briling, Ksenia R. A1 - Das, Basita A1 - David, Nicholas A1 - Day, Graeme M. A1 - Deringer, Volker L. A1 - Dyer, Matthew A1 - Eardley-Brunt, Annabel A1 - Evans, Matthew L. A1 - Evans, Rob A1 - Franklin, Barnabas A. A1 - Ganose, Alex M. A1 - George, Janine A1 - Goulding, Mark A1 - Hickey, Niamh A1 - James, Gillian A1 - Kalikadien, Adarsh V. A1 - Kapil, Venkat A1 - Kulik, Heather J. A1 - Kumar, Vishank A1 - Kuttner, Christian A1 - Lam, Erwin A1 - Lederbauer, Magdalena A1 - Lou, Yuchen A1 - Martin, Jennie A1 - Marulanda Bran, Andres A1 - Mathea, Miriam A1 - Pickard, Chris J. A1 - Ruscic, Branko A1 - Ryder, Matthew R. A1 - Sabanza Gil, Victor A1 - Schwaller, Philippe A1 - Segler, Marwin H. S. A1 - Sun, Wenhao A1 - Tanovic, Sara A1 - Treyde, Wojtek A1 - Walsh, Aron A1 - Wu, Ruiqi T1 - Discovering synthesis targets: General discussion N2 - This article is a discussion of the paper "Analysis of uncertainty of neural fingerprint-based models" by Christian W. Feldmann, Jochen Sieg and Miriam Mathea (Faraday discussions, 2025, DOI: 10.1039/D4FD00095A). KW - Automation KW - Materials acceleration platforms KW - Machine learning KW - Materials design KW - Materials discovery KW - Density functional theory KW - Ab initio PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FD90064B SN - 1359-6640 SN - 1364-5498 VL - 256 IS - Themed collection: Data-driven discovery in the chemical sciences SP - 639 EP - 663 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-62317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Emamverdi, Farnaz A1 - Huang, J. A1 - Mosane Razavi, Negar A1 - Bojdys, M. J. A1 - Forster, A. B. A1 - Budd, P. M. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Molecular Mobility and Gas Transport Properties of Mixed Matrix Membranes Based on PIM‑1 and a Phosphinine Containing Covalent Organic Framework N2 - Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are gaining attention as gas separation membranes. Nevertheless, they face limitations due to pronounced physical aging. In this study a covalent organic framework containing λ5-phosphinine moieties, CPSF-EtO were incorporated as a nanofiller (concentration range 0-10 wt%) into a PIM-1 matrix forming dense films with a thickness of ca. 100 μm. The aim of the investigation was to investigate possible enhancements of gas transport properties and mitigating effects on physical aging. The incorporation of the nanofiller occurred on aggregate level with domains up to 100 nm as observed by T-SEM and confirmed by X-ray scattering. Moreover, the X-ray data show that the structure of the microporous network of the PIM-1 matrix is changed by the nanofiller. As the molecular mobility is fundamental for gas transport as well as for physical aging, the study includes dielectric investigations of pure PIM-1 and PIM-1/CPSF-EtO mixed matrix membranes to establish a correlation between the molecular mobility and the gas transport properties. Using the time-lag method the gas permeability and the permselectivity were determined for N2, O2, CH4 and CO2 for samples with variation in filler content. A significant increase in the permeability of CH4 and CO2 (50 % increase compared to pure PIM-1) was observed for a concentration of 5 wt% of the nanofiller. Furthermore, the most pronounced change in the permselectivity was found for the gas pair CO2/N2 at a filler concentration of 7 wt%. KW - Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity KW - Nanocomposites PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595031 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02419 SN - 0024-9297 VL - 57 IS - 4 SP - 1829 EP - 1845 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-59503 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, D. A1 - Konnertz, Nora A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Schmidt, J. A1 - Thomas, A. T1 - Light-switchable polymers of intrinsic microporosity N2 - The interest in (micro)porous systems is greater than ever before with microporous polymers finding application in areas such as gas storage/separation and catalysis. In contrast to the vast majority of publications on microporous polymers seeking ever higher values for surface area or uptake capacity for a particular gas, this work presents a means to render a microporous system responsive to electromagnetic stimuli. The incorporation of a diarylethene (DAE) derivative in the backbone of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) produces a microporous system that exhibits photochromism as proven by UV–vis absorption and NMR studies. In the resulting DAE-PIM, surface area is not a fixed unalterable property but can be influenced by the external and nondestructive stimulus light in a reversible manner. Furthermore, in combination with Matrimid, free-standing membranes can be produced that display light-switchable diffusivity and permeability for carbon dioxide and oxygen. In this way, material scientists are offered the potential to employ only one system that can assume several states with different properties for each. KW - Gaspermeation KW - Diffusion KW - Polymer intrinsischer Mikroporosität KW - UV-VIS PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02619 SN - 0897-4756 VL - 28 IS - 23 SP - 8523 EP - 8529 PB - ACS CY - Whashington,DC AN - OPUS4-38735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rösch, A. A1 - Hillemeier, B. A1 - Porzig, Ekkehard A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane ED - Schickert, G. T1 - Air voids, poor compaction and areas of low concrete strength detection in concrete by pulse velocity measurements T2 - International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1995-09-26 KW - Beton, Stabilität KW - Ultraschall KW - Fehlstelle KW - Hohlraum PY - 1995 SN - 3-931381-02-1 N1 - Serientitel: BB / DGZfP – Series title: BB / DGZfP VL - 2 SP - 895 EP - 902 PB - DGZfP, Dt. Ges. für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-595 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yue A1 - Martin, A. A1 - Wolf, G.-U. A1 - Rabe, S. A1 - Worzala, H. A1 - Lücke, B. A1 - Meisel, M. A1 - Witke, Klaus T1 - Structural transformations of VOHPO4.1/2H2O in the Presence of Ammonia KW - Vanadium KW - Ammoniak KW - Phosphat KW - Phyrophosphorsäure PY - 1996 SN - 0897-4756 SN - 1520-5002 VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - 1135 EP - 1140 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-684 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agroui, K. A1 - Collins, G. A1 - Oreski, G. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Hadj Arab, A. A1 - Ouadjaout, D. T1 - Effect of crosslinking on EVA-based encapsulant properties during photovoltaic module fabrication process N2 - The key objective of this work is to create a comprehensive comparison between experimental analysis methods for detecting crosslinking reaction in EVA encapsulant material during PV module fabrication process. Several analytical methods, spanning from classical gel content extraction measurements over different thermo-analytic and mechanical approaches to spectroscopic analysis as Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC), have been investigated as to their ability to reveal the crosslinking state of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The basic results show that TSC complements perfectly other thermal analysis methods like as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) to determine fundamental properties of EVA such as molecular mobility characteristics and also to monitor the crosslinking reaction. Exothermic peak as revealed by DSC analysis can be used to estimate the crosslinking rate of EVA during PV module encapsulation process as fast quality control test. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ L'objectif principal de ce travail est de permettre une meilleure compréhension entre les différentes techniques analyses expérimentales pour détecter la réaction de réticulation au niveau de l’encapsulant Ethylène-Vinyle Acétate (EVA), durant le process de fabrication d'un module PV. Plusieurs méthodes d'analyse, allant du test classique d'extraction du taux de gel aux différentes techniques d'analyses thermomécaniques ainsi que les techniques d'analyse de spectroscopie comme le courant stimulé thermiquement (TSC), ont été étudiés pour permettre de révéler le phénomène de la réaction de réticulation de l'encapsulant l'EVA. Les résultats de base montrent que la TSC complète parfaitement d'autres méthodes d'analyses thermiques comme la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC), l'analyse mécanique dynamique (DMTA) pour déterminer les propriétés fondamentales de l'EVA. Ces techniques permettent de déterminer les caractéristiques relatives à la mobilité moléculaire et aussi pour mieux mettre en évidence la réaction de réticulation. Le pic exothermique comme révélé par l'analyse par DSC, peut être utilisé pour estimer le taux de réticulation de l'EVA au cours du process d'encapsulation du module PV comme un test rapide de contrôle de qualité. KW - EVA KW - Photovoltaic module KW - Crosslinking process KW - Thermal properties KW - Mechanical properties PY - 2015 SN - 1112-2242 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 303 EP - 314 AN - OPUS4-34994 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Moreau, A. A1 - Polishuk, I. A1 - Segovia, J. J. A1 - Vega-Maza, D. A1 - Martín, M. C. T1 - Measurements and predictions of densities and viscosities in CO2 + hydrocarbon mixtures at high pressures and temperatures: CO2 + n-pentane and CO2 + n-hexane blends N2 - This work reports new experimental data on densities and viscosities of (CO2 + n-pentane) and (CO2 + n-hexane) mixtures at high pressures and temperatures. The densities were measured by a vibrating-tube densimeter with an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) smaller than 1.8 kg/m3 at six isotherms (from 273.15 K to 373.15 K), twelve pressures starting at 5 MPa up to 100 MPa, and at six CO2 molar compositions (from 0 to 0.6). The viscosities were measured by a vibrating-wire viscometer with the corresponding relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) smaller than 0.016 at five isotherms (from 273.15 K to 373.15 K), twelve pressures (from 5 MPa up to 100 MPa), and at two CO2 molar compositions (0.1 and 0.3). The densities were fitted by the semiempirical Tammann-Tait equation for density data and the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation for viscosity data, respectively. The Groupe Européen de Recherches Gazières (GERG-2008) equation of state was also applied for modelling the densities. Over-all robustness and reliability of the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) and its critical point-based modification (CP-PC-SAFT) were examined. Accuracies of the Modified Yarranton-Satyro (MYS) coupled with CP-PC-SAFT and the NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (REFPROP 10) in predicting the viscosities were evaluated. KW - CO2 + n-alkanes KW - thermophysical properties KW - Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555728 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119518 SN - 0167-7322 VL - 360 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gruskovà, J. A1 - Martin, G. A1 - Kresten, O. A1 - Mitthoff, F. A1 - Kaska, K. A1 - Hofmann, C. A1 - Kreuzer, W. A1 - Phelps, M. A1 - Boydston, K. A1 - Easton Jr., R. L. A1 - Knox, K. T. A1 - Kelbe, D. A1 - Kasotakis, D. A1 - Christens-Barry, W. A. A1 - Stewart, D. A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Glaser, L. A1 - Garrevoet, J. A1 - Shevchuk, I. A1 - Klumpp, S. A1 - Deckers, D. A1 - Buck, J. ED - Cronier, M. ED - Mondrain, B. T1 - Insights-into-the-Digital-Recovery-of-the-Scythica-Vindobonesia N2 - The Scythica Vindobonensia, the new fragments on Gothic incursions into Roman provinces in the Balkans in the middle of the third century AD that were revealed some years ago in a Greek palimpsest at the Austrian National Library in Vienna (ÖNB), are commonly considered as one of the most important additions of the last decades to the corpus of texts from classical Antiquity. Tere is a high degree of confdence among scholars in supposing that the fragments come from the lost work Scythica written in Greek by the third-century historian P. Herennius Dexippus (Δέξιππος) of Athens. The new fragments have hence also been called Dexippus Vindobonensis. In his Scythica, Dexippus recorded wars of the Romans with the Goths (and other tribes) whom he called Scythians. The work had been hitherto known only from excerpts and quotes by later authors. Eight pages of a Byzantine manuscript copy of the ancient text have survived hidden underneath the visible surface of the last four parchment folios of the Vienna manuscript Historicus graecus 73, f. 192r -195v4. The copy is written in a Greek calligraphic minuscule which has been estimated by palaeographers to be of the middle or the second half of the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the text (on each of the eight pages arranged in one column, with 30 lines per page) was washed of the parchment and the valuable material made from animal skin was re-used for Christian texts. The new writing largely covered the faded remnants of the original text. It thus became hidden from the human eye for more than seven hundred years. Its discovery by Jana Grusková, a classical philologist specialized in the transmission of Greek texts, resulted from a systematic review of all Greek palimpsests kept at the Austrian National Library in Vienna at the beginning of the twenty-first century and a detailed examination of the four folios in 2007-20097. KW - Scythica Vindobonensia, KW - Gothic incursions KW - A Greek palimpsest KW - Antiquity KW - Byzantine manuscript KW - Vienna manuscript PY - 2020 SN - 978-2-916716-81-7 SN - 0577-1471 VL - 2020 IS - 24/1 SP - 945 EP - 967 PB - Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance CY - Paris ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-53843 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lozano-Martín, D. A1 - Moreau, A. A1 - Vega-Maza, D. A1 - Chamorro, C. R. T1 - High-pressure density data of binary (carbon dioxide + oxygen) mixtures for the development of equation-of-state models N2 - On the way to a low carbon economy mixtures containing carbon dioxide become increasingly important. Processing of such gas mixtures requires reliable thermodynamic models that can accurately describe the state of matter over an extended range. Mixtures with oxygen for example, are frequently encountered in carbon capture and storage (CCS) processes. This work reports new experimental (p, rho, T) data at T = (250 to 375 K) and up to a maximum pressure pmax = 20 MPa for five binary (CO2 + O2) mixtures which cover the entire composition range. T2 - 31st European Symposium on Applied Thermodynamics CY - Online meeting DA - 05.07.2021 KW - Binary mixtures CO2 + O2 KW - Density measurements KW - Equations of state PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-Scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR®, V/TC Package Program, and Preliminary Results KW - Drop test KW - Package KW - Spent fuel cask KW - Transport PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-12269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR V/TC Package - Program and Preliminary Results KW - Fallversuche KW - Transportbehälter für radioaktive Stoffe PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-6875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, T A1 - Zimmermann, E A1 - Klitzsch, N A1 - Hördt, A A1 - Huisman, J A A1 - Radic, T A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Round-robin test of SIP laboratory measurements using electrical test networks N2 - This study presents the results of an interlaboratory test designed to evaluate the accuracy of spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements using controlled electrical test networks. The study, conducted in Germany since 2006, involved 12 research institutes, six different impedance measurement devices and four types of electrical test networks specifically designed to evaluate phase shift errors in SIP measurements. The test networks, with impedances ranging from 100 to 150 kΩ, represent high-impedance samples with different phase characteristics, and pose the measurement challenges typical of such samples, including high contact impedances and parasitic capacitances. Four key findings emerged from the study: (1) Impedance measurements across all devices showed deviations within 1 per cent over a wide frequency range (0.001–1000 Hz); (2) phase errors remained below 1 mrad up to 100 Hz for most devices, but increased at higher frequencies due to parasitic capacitances and electromagnetic coupling effects; (3) lab-specific instruments have lower phase errors than field instruments when used in a laboratory environment, primarily due to the effects of long cables and too low input impedances of the field instruments; and (4) short cables and driven shielding technology effectively minimized parasitic capacitance and improved measurement accuracy. The study highlights the usefulness of test networks in assessing the accuracy of SIP measurements and raises awareness of the various factors influencing the quality of SIP data. KW - Induced polarization KW - Electrical properties KW - Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-636755 DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaf153 SN - 0956-540X VL - 242 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Oxford University Press (OUP) AN - OPUS4-63675 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernardy, Christopher A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Orchini, A. ED - Fabiano, Bruno ED - Cozzani, Valerio T1 - Heat Radiation Emanating from Hydrogen and Methane Jet Fires N2 - Modelling the heat radiation emanating from jet flames for initial hazard assessment purposes is generally done using simple, steady-state, approaches that give a quick estimation useful for impact analysis. Although nowadays CFD can be used to simulate this phenomenon in detail, it is still very demanding in computational power and time, and generally not all required boundary conditions to achieve a reliable result are known. Therefore, even today simpler empirical approaches are still widely used for consequence analysis. Hydrogen is becoming increasingly important as renewable energy carrier resulting in an increasing demand of “hydrogen-approved” models. Since the aforenamed models were mainly developed based on data from hydrocarbon jet flame experiments, it has to be verified if they also apply to hydrogen jet flames. To this purpose, real-scale tests are carried out at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety (BAM-TTS) with the aim to assess the flame geometry and the emitted thermal radiation of hydrogen and methane jet flames. In particular, the focus is laid on the measurement and modelling of the thermal radiation. Existing heat radiation data from the literature are mostly based on unsteady outflow conditions. The experimental setup used here allows for the generation of a steady-state outflow and thus a direct comparability with existing (steady-state) models. From these data, an assessment of the applicability of jet flame models to hydrogen jet flames is carried out accounting for their accuracy in predicting heat radiation and possible needs of further development. T2 - 18th EFCE International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 08.06.2025 KW - Jet Fire KW - Hydrogen KW - Methane KW - Heat radiation PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET25116065 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 116 SP - 385 EP - 390 PB - AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. CY - Italy AN - OPUS4-63698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -