TY - JOUR A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Grauel, Bettina A1 - Pons, Monika A1 - Frenzel, Florian A1 - Rissiek, P. A1 - Rücker, Kerstin A1 - Haase, Markus A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Yb- and Er concentration dependence of the upconversion luminescence of highly doped NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4:Lu core/shell nanocrystals prepared by a water-free synthesis JF - Nano Research N2 - High sensitizer and activator concentrations have been increasingly examined to improve the performance of multi-color emissive upconversion (UC) nanocrystals (UCNC) like NaYF4:Yb,Er and first strategies were reported to reduce concentration quenching in highly doped UCNC. UC luminescence (UCL) is, however, controlled not only by dopant concentration, yet by an interplay of different parameters including size, crystal and shell quality, and excitation power density (P). Thus, identifying optimum dopant concentrations requires systematic studies of UCNC designed to minimize additional quenching pathways and quantitative spectroscopy. Here, we quantify the dopant concentration dependence of the UCL quantum yield (ΦUC) of solid NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4:Lu upconversion core/shell nanocrystals of varying Yb3+ and Er3+ concentrations (Yb3+ series: 20%‒98% Yb3+; 2% Er3+; Er3+ series: 60% Yb3+; 2%‒40% Er3+). To circumvent other luminescence quenching processes, an elaborate synthesis yielding OH-free UCNC with record ΦUC of ~9% and ~25 nm core particles with a thick surface shell were used. High Yb3+ concentrations barely reduce ΦUC from ~9% (20% Yb3+) to ~7% (98% Yb3+) for an Er3+ concentration of 2%, thereby allowing to strongly increase the particle absorption cross section and UCNC brightness. Although an increased Er3+ concentration reduces ΦUC from ~7% (2% Er3+) to 1% (40%) for 60% Yb3+. Nevertheless, at very high P (> 1 MW/cm2) used for microscopic studies, highly Er3+-doped UCNC display a high brightness because of reduced saturation. These findings underline the importance of synthesis control and will pave the road to many fundamental studies of UC materials. KW - Upconverion KW - Nanoparticle KW - Lanthanides KW - Quantum yield PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551346 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4570-5 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-55134 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Haase, Oskar A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Segebade, Christian T1 - Instrumental analysis of phosphorus in organic material using high energy beta-counting after photoactivation (IPAA) JF - Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry N2 - C, N, O, F and P can be analyzed by instrumental photon activation analysis (IPAA) including decay curve analysis. The interference of 30P (T1/2 = 149.9 s) by 15O (T1/2 = 122.2 s) can be ruled out by direct positron measurement making use of the largely different maximum β+-energies of both nuclides (3.24 MeV and 1.73 MeV, respectively). Interference by carbon (11C) can be avoided by sub-threshold activation with 17 MeV bremsstrahlung. The short half-life of 30P allows a high productivity of the method. Reliability was demonstrated in the range of 0.2%–2% P (detection limit = 40 µg/g). Analysis of a certified reference material (BCR-CRM 063) yielded excellent agreement with the certified data. KW - Instrumental analysis KW - Phosphorus KW - Photon activation PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-007-0441-5 SN - 0236-5731 SN - 1588-2780 SN - 1417-2097 VL - 276 IS - 1 SP - 251 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier Sequoia CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-19157 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -