TY - THES A1 - Gemeinert, Marion T1 - Über LTCC-Werkstoffe aus dem Stoffsystem CaO - La2O3 - Al2O3 - B2O3 N2 - Glaskeramische Komposite, deren Herstellung von Glas- und kristallinen Pulvern ausgeht, bieten vielfältige Möglichkeiten, Werkstoffeigenschaften, wie z.B. Sinterverhalten, thermische Dehnung, mechanische Eigenschaften, chemische Beständigkeit, dielektrische Eigenschaften und Oberflächenqualität für spezielle Anwendungszwecke gezielt einzustellen. Glaskeramische Kompositpulver können zu Folien verarbeitet werden, aus denen mittels der LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics)- Technologie keramische Multilayer hergestellt werden, die insbesondere für das Electronic Packaging von Mikrosystemen eingesetzt werden. Problematisch ist die beim freien Sintern der LTCC-Multilayer auftretende laterale Schwindung, die von relativ hohen Schwindungstoleranzen begleitet ist. Zur Vermeidung der lateralen Schwindung werden Zero Shrinkage-Techniken eingesetzt. Eine neue Möglichkeit Zero Shrinkage beim Sintern von LTCC-Multilayern zu erreichen, besteht in der Anwendung eines self-constrained Laminates. Hierbei wird ein Multilayer eingesetzt, der aus zwei unterschiedlichen Folienarten für innere und äußere Lagen mit deutlich verschiedenen Sintertemperaturen (ΔT > 50 K) aufgebaut wird. Die Entwicklung von LTCC -Werkstoffen, die als innere Lagen eines self-constrained Laminates zur Verringerung der lateralen Sinterschwindung auf nahezu Null eingesetzt werden können, war Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Es wurden hierfür LTCC - Werkstoffe aus dem Stoffsystem CaOLa2O3-Al2O3-B2O3 untersucht, die bei Temperaturen unterhalb 800 °C dicht gesintert werden können. Ausgehend von der Entwicklung geeigneter Gläser auf der Basis von Calciumlanthanborat- sowie Calciumlanthanalumoboratgläsern wurden glaskeramische Komposite unter Zusatz von Korundpulver hergestellt. Die Komposite kristallisieren während des Brennprozesses nahezu vollständig. Aus der Glasphase kristallisiert Lanthanborat aus und aufgrund der festkörperchemischen Reaktion der calciumboratreichen Restglasphase mit dem Korund bilden sich vor allem Calciumalumoborat bzw. Calciumalumoboratoxid. Die Anteile an neuen Phasen bestimmen die thermischen und dielektrischen Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Die wichtigsten der sich bildenden kristallinen Phasen der Komposite, Lanthanborat und Calciumalumoboratoxid wurden separat hergestellt und charakterisiert. Das Sinter- und Kristallisationsverhalten sowie die thermischen und dielektrischen Eigenschaften der glaskeramischen Komposite wurden in Abhängigkeit von den entwickelten Gläsern, dem Volumenverhältnis von Glas- und kristalliner Komponente im Kompositpulver und der Brenntemperatur untersucht. Die entwickelten LTCC-Werkstoffe wurden bzgl. ihrer thermischen Eigenschaften an einen zuvor ausgewählten LTCC-Werkstoff für die äußeren Lagen eines self-constrained Laminates angepasst. Erzielt wurden die Eigenschaftswerte: TEC: ca. 5 x 10-6/K, εr: ca. 7 und tan δ: ≤ 1 x 10-3. Zur Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit wurde der entwickelte LTCC- Werkstoff als innere Lagen in einem LTCC-Multilayer verarbeitet. Dadurch konnte die laterale Schwindung des Multilayers beim Sintern auf < 0,4 % verringert werden. N2 - Glass ceramic composites made of glassy and crystalline powders offer numerous possibilities for modifying material’s properties e.g. sintering behaviour, thermal expansion coefficient, mechanical behaviour, chemical durability, dielectric properties and surface quality for special use. Glass ceramic composite powders can be used for the production of ceramic green tapes which are processed by LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics)- technology to form ceramic multilayers for electronic packaging in microsystems. During free sintering of LTCC-multilayers a lateral shrinkage occurs which is connected with a comparatively high shrinkage tolerance. Different sintering technologies are used to avoid the lateral shrinkage. A new possibility to achieve a zero lateral shrinkage is given by use of a self-constrained laminate. Therefore a multilayer is produced of two different materials for inner and outer layers, showing different sintering temperatures (ΔT > 50 K). Object of this dissertation was the development of LTCC-materials, which can be used for inner layers of a self-constrained laminate to reduce the lateral shrinkage nearly to zero. Therefore LTCC-materials in the field of CaO-La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3, which can be sintered below 800 °C, were investigated. Starting from the development of adapted glasses based on calciumlanthaniumborate- and calciumlanthaniumalumoborate glasses glass ceramic composites were produced by the addition of corundum powder. The composites crystallize during the sintering process almost completely. Lanthanumborate crystallizes from the glassy phase and calciumalumoborate and calciumalumoboratoxide respectively is formed by a chemical solid state reaction of the residual glassy phase, which is enriched by calciumborate, and the corundum. The proportional relation of the new crystalline phases determines the thermal and dielectric properties of the material. The most important formed new crystalline phases lanthanumborate and calciumalumoboratoxide were prepared and characterized separately. The sintering and crystallisation behaviour as well as the thermal and dielectric properties of the glass ceramic composites were investigated in dependence of the developed glasses, the volume relation of glassy and crystalline components of the composite powder and the sintering temperature. The developed LTCC-materials were adapted to a chosen material for the outer layers of a selfconstrained laminate referring to their thermal properties (thermal expansion coefficient: ca 5 x 10-6/K, permittivity: ca 7, dielectric loss factor: ≤ 1 x 10-3). To control the suitability of the developed material it was used for the inner layers of a LTCCmultilayer. The lateral shrinkage of the multilayer during sintering was reduced to < 0,4 %. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 43 KW - LTCC KW - Glaskeramik KW - Keramikfolie KW - Hochleistungskeramik KW - Mehrschichtsystem PY - 2009 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-1154 SN - 978-3-9812354-6-3 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 43 SP - 1 EP - 139 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-115 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weh, Lothar A1 - Gemeinert, Marion ED - Pratsinis, S. E. T1 - Dispersibility optimization of ceramic particles for ML-LTCC production T2 - PARTEC 2004 ; International Congress for Particle Technology CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2004-03-16 PY - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 4(?) PB - Nürnberg Messe GmbH CY - Nürnberg AN - OPUS4-3404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Sojref, Regine A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Nofz, Marianne T1 - Haftung vopn Korund-Schichten auf Inconel 617 T2 - Symposium Hochleistungskeramik 2006 (DGM/DKG) CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2006-04-05 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12489 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno T1 - Development of Advanced Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) KW - LTCC KW - Zero shrinkage sintering KW - Multilayer KW - Material development PY - 2004 SN - 1013-9826 VL - 264-268 SP - 1181 EP - 1184 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-5843 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno T1 - Glaskeramische LTCC-Folien und multilayer-Technologie für Mikrosysteme / intelligente Sensoren T2 - Sonderkolloquium BAM-BMWA Projekte CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-09-15 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-5301 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Ergebnisse eines Ringversuchs zur Partikelgrößenbestimmung von Feinstpulvern mittels Lasergranulometrie KW - Ringversuch KW - Partikelgrößenverteilung KW - Lasergranulometrie PY - 2005 SN - 0173-9913 SN - 0196-6219 VL - 82 IS - 13 SP - 297 EP - 301 PB - Göller CY - Baden-Baden AN - OPUS4-11812 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Development of the Certified Reference Material BAM-D001 for Particle Size Measurement by Laser Diffraction Method T2 - PARTEC 2013 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2013-04-23 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28374 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion T1 - Fügeverbindungen für Mikrosensoren auf Basis von niedrig sinternden Submikron-Silberpasten T2 - Kolloquium des Ferdinand-Braun-Instituts für Höchstfrequenztechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-11-18 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24866 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Entwicklung eines zertifizierten Referenzmaterials für die Lasergranulometrie T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft 2012 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2012-03-05 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25512 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Güther, Wolfgang A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno T1 - Zuverlässige Hochleistungskeramik durch moderne Prüfverfahren T2 - Materialica 2003 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2003-09-15 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4723 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Güther, Wolfgang A1 - Fritz, Ulrich T1 - Keramik für Mikrosystemtechnik und Sensorik T2 - Materialica 2003 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2003-09-15 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4724 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberstein, Markus A1 - Glitzky, Carsten A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno A1 - Modes, C. T1 - Design of LTCC with high thermal expansion T2 - IMAPS/ACERS 4th International Conference and Exhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Ceramic Microsystems Technologies (CICMT 2008) CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2008-04-21 KW - LTCC KW - Glass ceramic composites KW - Coefficient of thermal expansion CTE KW - Design PY - 2008 SP - 000120 EP - 000126 PB - IMAPS, International Microelectronics and Packaging Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-17436 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Klaffke, Dieter A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Kranz, I. T1 - Selection and characterization of ceramic micron- and nanometersized model particles known as potential wear products from artificial hip joints T2 - 10th International Conference of the European Ceramic Society; ECERS 2007 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2007-06-17 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15077 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreßler, Martin A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Gemeinert, Marion T1 - Rheology, UV-vis transparency and particle size of modified Yoldas sols N2 - Alumina sols were prepared using a modified Yoldas procedure, thus resulting in sols with high solids content, excellent long term stability and small particle size. PH-value ranged between 3.7 and 0.6. Sols were characterised using rheological, UV-vis transmission and particle size measurements. Depending on NO3-/Al molar ratio as well as solids content, sols vary. Analysis of reduced viscosities indicate the formation of chainlike polymeric species above a critical solids fraction. KW - Alumo-sol KW - Rheology KW - UV-vis-transparency PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-006-6634-5 SN - 0928-0707 SN - 1573-4846 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 261 EP - 269 PB - Kluwer Academic Publ. CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-16192 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno A1 - Güther, Wolfgang A1 - Schulz, Bärbel T1 - LTCC-Werkstoffe aus dem Stoffsystem CaO-La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3 T2 - Symp. HLK 2009 des Gemeinschaftsausschusses der DKG und DGM CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 2009-03-23 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19689 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Inter-laboratory study of particle size distribution measurements by laser diffraction N2 - Presented are results of an inter-laboratory study (ILS) for measurements of the particle size distribution of fine powders in wet dispersion by laser diffraction. In this proficiency test 32 participants from four countries took part. They utilized 13 different devices from 7 manufacturers. Three commercial powders (glass spheres and two silicon carbide powders) showing a median diameter of about 30, 10 and 1 µm (volume distribution), respectively, were chosen for the procedure. A homogeneity study was carried out after the units had been separated and bottled. All participants received their test samples including a description of the standard operating procedures based on ISO 13320:2009 – to ensure that experiments were performed in a consistent manner. Results were calculated using the Mie Theory. The general means and the precision of the results were estimated in accordance with ISO 5725-2:2002. The evaluation showed excellent values of repeatability standard deviation. Values of 4 to 21?% of the reproducibility standard deviation of the results were found in the particle size range above 1 µm. Much larger deviation between the labs was detected in the case of smaller particles. Differences in the design of the analyzers were unambiguously identified as the main reason for the large deviations. KW - Accuracy experiment KW - Inter-laboratory study KW - Laser diffraction KW - Micron and submicron powder KW - Particle size distribution PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201000026 SN - 0934-0866 SN - 1521-4117 VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 304 EP - 310 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-26721 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Development of the Certified Reference Material BAM-D001 for Particle Size Measurement by Laser Diffraction Methods T2 - 1. International Scientific Conference "Reference Materials in Measurement and Technology" CY - Yekaterinburg, Russia DA - 2013-09-10 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29143 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Steinborn, Gabriele A1 - Lindemann, Franziska A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Stability assessment of ceramic high dielectric N2 - Resolution of capacitive sensors can be improved enormously by replacement of the dielectric material between the capacitor plates (e.g. air-dielectric) by a dielectric fluid with high permittivity. High dielectric liquid dispersions of ceramic micro and nano powders should be qualified as dielectric fluid with longtime shelf life. For this purpose it was necessary to produce stabilized ceramic suspensions with high particle concentration and to investigate sedimentation processes of the particles. Characterization of particles was done by use of zeta potential measurement, gas adsorption measurements (BET), density measurement with gas pycnometer as well as particle sizing by ultrasound spectroscopy and by use of an optical centrifuge. Shelf life of optimized electrostatic and steric stabilized ceramic suspension was investigated by use of an optical centrifuge, a LUMISizer 651 MW (LUM Ltd.) with STEP technology and front tracking analysis. Two different wave lengths – NIR (865 nm) and blue light (470 nm) were available for examination. Centrifugation measurements with different rotation speed were used to study the rheological behavior and the sedimentation process. By this way it was possible to achieve accelerated stability determination. Measured values could be used to simulate the sedimentation process under gravity acceleration and to predict shelf life for suspensions with different dispersants. T2 - PARTEC 2016 CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 19.04.2016 KW - Ceramic dispersion KW - Stability assessment KW - Analytical centrifuge KW - Shelf life prediction PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36184 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eberstein, Markus A1 - Glitzky, Carsten A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno A1 - Modes, C. T1 - Design of LTCC with high thermal expansion N2 - New applications of low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), such as pressure sensors or integrated functional layers, require materials that possess higher coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). To fabricate LTCC with elevated CTE, two methods of material design are examined: firstly, glass ceramic composites (GCC), which consist of >50 vol% glass in the starting powder, and, secondly, glass-bonded ceramics (GBC), where glass is added as a sintering aid only. The CTE of GBC is mainly determined by the crystalline component. For GCC, the CTE can be well predicted, if CTE and elastic data of each phase in the microstructure are known. A nonlinear characteristic of the CTE versus phase composition was found with increasing Ecrystals/Eglass ratio and absolute CTE difference between the components. The glass composition and glass amount can be used to compensate the fixed properties of a crystalline material in a desired way. However, because the CTE and permittivity of a glass cannot be chosen independently, an optimum glass composition has to be found. For a given LTCC, it is possible to control the devitrification by shifting the glass composition. In this way, the resulting CTE values can be predicted more exactly and tailoring becomes possible. Different LTCC materials, based on the crystalline compounds Ba(La,Nd)2Ti4O12, ZrO2 (Y-TZP), SiO2 (quartz), and specially developed glasses, possessing an elevated CTE of around 10 × 10-6 K-1 while showing permittivity εr between 6 and 63, are introduced. KW - LTCC KW - Glass ceramic composites KW - Coefficient of thermal expansion CTE KW - Design PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02316.x SN - 1546-542X SN - 1744-7402 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - American Ceramic Soc. CY - Westerville, Ohio AN - OPUS4-18675 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gemeinert, Marion A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Klaffke, Dieter A1 - Knabe, C. A1 - Kranz, I. A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Biological response to micron- and nanometer-sized particles known as potential wear products from artificial hip joints: Part I: Selection and characterization of model particles KW - Hip joint endoprostheses KW - Wear products KW - Particle size distribution KW - Model particles KW - Dispersing behavior of particles PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31952 SN - 1549-3296 SN - 1552-4965 VL - 89A IS - 2 SP - 379 EP - 389 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-19345 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -