TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von brennbaren Gasen und Gemischen, Ausgewählte Beispiele, Gasgemische - Inertisierung T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskurs "Grundlagen und rechtliche Anforderungen des Explosionsschutzes" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2008-10-22 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18121 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Brand- und Explosionsschutz: Prinzipien des Explosionsschutzes - Relevante sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen T2 - DECHEMA- Weiterbildungskurs "Grundlagen und rechtliche Anforderungen des Explosionsschutzes" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2008-10-22 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18111 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Verlässliche Datenquellen, Darstellung der Kenngrößen in der Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - DECHEMA- Weiterbildungskurs "Grundlagen und rechtliche Anforderungen des Explosionsschutzes" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2008-10-22 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18112 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Gefährdungsbeurteilung nach der Gefahrstoffverordnung T2 - DECHEMA- Weiterbildungskurs "Grundlagen und rechtliche Anforderungen des Explosionsschutzes" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2008-10-22 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18113 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Láng-lázi, M. A1 - Heszberger, J. A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Viczián, G. T1 - Spline functions in chemistry: approximation of surfaces over triangle domains KW - Approximation of triangle surfaces KW - Spline functions in chemistry KW - CHEMSAFE KW - TRIANGLE Program KW - Spline interpolation PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/00207160801965206 SN - 0020-7160 SN - 1029-0265 VL - 83 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Gordon and Breach CY - London [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-19037 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Explosion protection - using the database CHEMSAFE T2 - International Symposium "Beyond Regulatory Compliance, Making Safety Second Nature" CY - Houston, TX, USA DA - 2008-10-27 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-19044 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Comparision of Flammability and Oxidinzing Power of Gas Mixtures using the ISO 10156 with measured Flammability Data T2 - Mary Kay O' Connor Process Safety Center International Symposium, College Station CY - College Station, TX, USA DA - 2010-10-26 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22309 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Comparison of flammability and oxidizing power of gas mixtures using the ISO 10156 with measured flammability data T2 - 13th Annual symposium, Mary Kay O´Connor process safety center "Beyond regulatory compliance: making safety second nature" CY - College Station, Texas, USA DA - 2010-10-26 KW - Flammability KW - Fire KW - Explosion limits KW - International standards PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-615-38129-9 SP - 230 EP - 246 AN - OPUS4-22465 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - How the uncertainty in measurement influences the derived explosion characteristics - Examples from the TRIANGLE program T2 - 28th International Workshop on Chemical Engineering Mathematics CY - Meissen, Germany DA - 2008-08-17 KW - Explosion limit KW - Oxidizing ability KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Flammability limit KW - Explosion protection KW - TRIANGLE KW - Messunsicherheiten PY - 2008 SN - 978-963-420-960-7 SP - 29 EP - 32 CY - Budapest, Hungary AN - OPUS4-17858 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schendler, Thomas A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Explosions regions of gas mixtures = Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen N2 - The data book "Safety Characteristic Data" is published in two volumes. In the first volume "Flammable Liquids and Gases" the safety characteristics of pure substances in mixture with air have been published. In Volume 2 "Explosion Regions of Gas Mixtures" the properties of gaseous fuel/inert gas/oxidiser mixtures are in the centre of interests. For the first time complete data sets of the explosion regions of gaseous mixtures are available in a printed format as needed by authorities and industry. Dangerous explosive compositions can be detected by such explosion diagrams. Therefore they are the basis of primary explosion protection, e.g. to prevent explosive mixtures by inertisation.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Das Tabellenwerk "Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen" ist in zwei Bänden herausgegeben worden. Während im ersten Band "Brennbare Flüssigkeiten und Gase" vorrangig die sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen reiner Stoffe im Gemisch mit Luft behandelt werden, stehen im Band 2 "Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen" die Eigenschaften von Gemischen aus Brenngas, Oxidator und Inertgas im Mittelpunkt. Damit soll erstmals dem Wunsch von Industrie und Behörden entsprochen werden, in einem Tabellenwerk komplette Datensätze zu den Explosionsbereichen von Stoffgemischen in gedruckter Form zur Verfügung zu stellen. Den Explosionsdiagrammen kann man die Zusammensetzung von explosionsfähigen Gemischen entnehmen. Sie sind damit Grundlage für Maßnahmen des primären Explosionsschutzes, z. B. für die Inertisierung. KW - Explosionsschutz KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosion prevention KW - Safety characteristic data KW - Brennbare Gase KW - Chemische Sicherheitstechnik KW - Dreiecksdiagramme KW - Inertisierung KW - Messdaten KW - Gasgemische KW - Explosionsbereiche PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-86509-856-6 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 541 PB - Wirtschaftsverl. NW CY - Bremerhaven ET - 2nd revised and extended Edition AN - OPUS4-18216 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Explosion protection for biogas plants T2 - International Symposium on Process and Explosion Protection CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 2008-09-30 PY - 2008 IS - USB-Stick SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-18207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grätz, Rainer A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Gefahren vermeiden und begrenzen - Ein kurzer Abriss zu den Grundlagen des Explosionsschutzes KW - Explosionsschutz KW - Grundlagen KW - Regelwerke PY - 2009 SN - 1436-2597 VL - 12 IS - 11-12 SP - 24 EP - 26 PB - GIT-Verl. CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-20499 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Explosion Protection Using the Database CHEMSAFE T2 - Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, International Symposium "Beyond Regulatory Compliance, Making Safety Second Nature" CY - College Station, TX, USA DA - 2009-10-27 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20442 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Explosion protection - using the database CHEMSAFE T2 - 12th Annual symposium, Mary Kay O´Connor Process Safety Center "Beyond regulatory compliance: making safety second nature" CY - College Station, Texas, USA DA - 2009-10-27 KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosion protection PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-692-00459-3 IS - Chapter "Explosion - I" SP - 686 EP - 696 AN - OPUS4-20720 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Razus, D. A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Fuß, Oliver T1 - Limiting Oxygen Concentration Evaluation in Flammable Gaseous Mixtures by means of Calculated Adiabatic Flame Temperatures N2 - The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of fuel / air / inert premixed gaseous systems are usually determined from measurements of explosion limits at progressive dilution with inert gas of fuel / air mixtures, which is a long and cumbersome procedure. An alternative procedure to evaluate LOC would be of great interest for all fields of activity involving the use of flammable mixtures, especially when less characterized fuels are used. The paper describes a new procedure (algorithm) meant to estimate the LOC of fuel / air / inert premixed systems, using the values of lower explosion limit (LEL) of the fuel / air mixture and the calculated adiabatic flame temperature (CAFT) both at LOC and LEL when nitrogen is used as an inert gas. It is based on an empirical correlation established between the CAFT computed for fuel / air / nitrogen mixtures at LOC and CAFT at LEL, for a large number of flammable gases and vapors. This requires only the measurement of LEL. The correlation was derived from flammability data taken from literature sources (German and American recommended values). The method is based upon the assumption that mixtures at LOC have an equivalence ratio 8 / 1.250, which is close to the equivalence ratio of the most reactive fuel / air systems. Inverse calculations made with this new algorithm for nine fuel / air / nitrogen mixtures allowed the determination of LOC with a relative deviation of 2/ 22%. KW - Limiting oxygen concentration KW - Lower explosion limit KW - Calculated adiabatic flame temperature KW - Flammable KW - Explosion PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0255-2701(03)00078-3 SN - 0255-2701 SN - 1873-3204 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 775 EP - 784 PB - Elsevier CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-2701 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Möller, W. O. ED - Bradley, D. ED - Drysdale, D. ED - Molkov, V. T1 - Database Chemsafe - A basis for estimation methods T2 - 4th International Seminar Fire and Explosion Hazards CY - Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK DA - 2003-09-08 PY - 2004 SN - 1-85923-186-1 SP - 147 EP - 148 PB - FireSERT, University of Ulster CY - Newtonabbey AN - OPUS4-2726 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Limiting Oxygen Concentration Evaluation in Flammable Gaseous Mixtures by means of Calculated Adiabatic Flame Temperatures T2 - 3rd International Conference of the Chemical Societies of the South-Eastern European Countries on Chemistry in the New Millenium - an Endless Frontier CY - Bucharest, Romania DA - 2002-09-22 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3072 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Curve Fitting Problems at the Evaluation of Explosion Diagrams T2 - 9th International Workshop on Chemical Engineering Mathematics CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 2003-07-14 PY - 2003 UR - http://knight.kit.bme.hu/Bea/alma_Fried/BH2003_proc.doc VL - 9 SP - 7 AN - OPUS4-3169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Gázelegyek robbanási területének és ezzel kapcsolatos jellemzök megjelenítesének informatikai problémái (Informatik-Probleme bei der Darstellung der Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen) T2 - Müszaki Kémiai Napok `02 (Technische Chemie Tagung) CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2002-04-15 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3191 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - ExploRisk 2002 (Experimentalvortrag) CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2002-10-08 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3176 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Kémiai adatbankok szerepe a vegyészmérnöki képzésben (Die Rolle der chemischen Datenbanken in der Ausbildung von Verfahrenstechnikern) T2 - Müszaki Kémiai Napok `02 (Technische Chemie Tagung) CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2002-04-15 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3177 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - 3D-Visualization of T or P dependence in explosion surfaces T2 - Workshop on chemical engineering mathematics CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 2001-08-12 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-3256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Aufbau einer Datenbank für Flüssiggas T2 - GVC/DECHEMA Arbeitsausschuss-Sitzung CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 1994-11-10 PY - 1994 AN - OPUS4-3372 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Hazards of Gas Mixtures Using Explosion Diagrams T2 - International ESMG Symposium 2004 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2004-03-16 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-3441 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Beurteilung der Brennbarkeit von Gasgemischen anhand von Dreistoffdiagrammen - Vergleich mit der Methode nach der Gefahrstoffverordnung T2 - Fachtreffen Sicherheitstechnik, DECHEMA Jahrestagungen CY - Wiesbaden, Germany DA - 1996-05-21 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-3393 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Hazards of Gas Mixtures using Explosion Diagrams N2 - An important method to prevent fires and explosions is to avoid explosive fuel-air mixtures. For this purpose the exact knowledge of the explosion range is required as a function of the combustible, oxidizer and inert gas concentrations. Frequently triangular diagrams are used in order to display the explosion range of such three component gas mixtures. Beside the explosion limits and the explosion range other characteristics can be deduced from explosion diagrams. More than 200 of such explosion diagrams are available in the database CHEMSAFE®, included among others. The in-house version of the database is able to provide all characteristics of a chosen system by means of a TRIANGLE-software. Furthermore a recently published German data book contains 158 explosion diagrams. Many diagrams were measured according to the German DIN 51649 standard. Other systems are available for elevated initial pressures and temperatures. This paper describes how to use the TRIANGLE software for flammability diagrams and the meaning and use of derived characteristics (MOC, MXC, MAI) for explosion prevention. Furthermore a calculation method for the flammability of gas mixtures is shown using the MXC values. T2 - 3rd International ESMG Symposium: Process Safety and Industrial Explosion Protection CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2004-03-16 KW - Explosion KW - CHEMSAFE PY - 2004 SN - 3-9807567-3-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) PB - European Safety Management Group CY - Hamm AN - OPUS4-5540 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Kollár-Hunek, K. T1 - Robbanási határgörbék fordulópont körüli közelítése különbözö típusú éghetögáz-inersgáz-oxidátor elegyeknél - Approximation of the explosion limit curves around the apex for different mixtures containing flammable/inert/oxidizing gases N2 - The paper discusses a new method to approximate the sometimes missing apex point of the explosion limit curves of flammable substances with diluents in air. The base of the new method is to vary the frame points of the co-monotonic Splines using the de Casteljau algorithm. We show several examples for flammable/inert/oxidizing gas containing systems - selected by the program TRIANGLE - where the method was applied. Due to the definition of the frame Splines it can be stated that the new method never restricts the explosion range around the apex and shifts the explosion limit curve into the direction of higher inert gas concentrations. This means that the new method can correct the highly "cut down nose" of the co-monotonic Splines and gives a more safer explosion range of these systems. T2 - Days of Chemical Engineering´05 CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2005-04-25 KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosionsdiagramm KW - Spline-Interpolation KW - TRIANGLE Programm PY - 2005 SN - 963-9495-71-9 SP - 71 EP - 73 CY - Veszprem AN - OPUS4-7412 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Flammability of gas mixtures - Part 1: Fire potential N2 - International and European dangerous substances and dangerous goods regulations refer to the standard ISO 10156 (1996). This standard includes a test method and a calculation procedure for the determination of the flammability of gases and gas mixtures in air. The substance indices for the calculation, the so called “Tci values”, which characterise the fire potential, are provided as well. These ISO Tci values are derived from explosion diagrams of older literature sources which do not take into account the test method and the test apparatus. However, since the explosion limits are influenced by apparatus parameters, the Tci values and lower explosion limits, given by the ISO tables, are inconsistent with those measured according to the test method of the same standard. In consequence, applying the ISO Tci values can result in wrong classifications. In this paper internationally accepted explosion limit test methods were evaluated and Tci values were derived from explosion diagrams. Therefore, an “open vessel” method with flame propagation criterion was favoured. These values were compared with the Tci values listed in ISO 10156. In most cases, significant deviations were found. A detailed study about the influence of inert gases on flammability is the objective of Part 2. KW - Gas classification KW - Flammability KW - Explosion limit KW - Test method KW - Calculation method PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.01.032 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 121 IS - 1-3 SP - 37 EP - 44 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7447 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Mizsey, P. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Flammability of gas mixtures - Part 2: Influence of inert gases N2 - Ternary systems, which contain flammable gas, inert gas and air, were studied in order to give the user an evaluation of the ISO 10156 calculation method for the flammability of gas mixtures. While in Part 1 of this article the fire potential of flammable gases was the focal point, the influence of inert gases on the flammability of gas mixtures was studied in Part 2. The inerting capacity of an inert gas is expressed by the dimensionless K value, the so-called “coefficient of nitrogen equivalency”. The experimental determination of K values is demonstrated by using explosion diagrams. The objective of this study was to compare the estimated results, given by ISO 10156, with measurements of explosion ranges based on the German standard DIN 51649-1, given by CERN and CHEMSAFE. The comparison shows that ISO 10156, Table 1, supplies conservative K values, which can be regarded as safe in all cases. Nevertheless, in a number of cases ISO underestimates the inerting capacity, so that non-flammable gas mixtures are considered flammable. KW - Gas classification KW - Flammability KW - Explosion limits KW - Inerting KW - Calculation method PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.01.033 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 121 IS - 1-3 SP - 45 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Approximation of the explosion limit curves around the apex for different mixtures containing flammable/inert/oxidising gases (ROBBANÁSI HATÁRGÖRBÉK FORDULÓPONT KÖRÜLI KÖZELÍTÉSE KÜLÖNBÖZÖ TIPUSÚ ÉGHETÖGÁZ-INERGÁZ-OXIDÁTOR ELEGYEKNÉL) T2 - Müszaki Kémiai Napok '05 (Technische Chemie Tagung '05) CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2005-04-26 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7665 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Viczián, G. A1 - Kollárné-Hunek, K. ED - Filka, J. T1 - Informatikai es matematikai eszközök alkalmazása gázelegyek robbanáshatár-méréseinek minösitéséhez (Verwendung von Informatik- und mathematischen Werkzeugen zur Qualifizierung von Messdaten) N2 - Mathematische Methoden wie Interpolation und Extrapolation sollen bei der Auswertung von Messkurven als Screening-Methode verwendet werden, um die sicherheitstechnisch gefährlichen Bereiche kennzeichnen. Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse werden hier dargestellt, die die Autoren mit Hilfe von verschiedenen kubischen Spline-Methoden erhalten haben. Mehrere Methoden sind in das Programm TRIANGLE der BAM implementiert. Das Programm kann aus den Messdaten, die nicht das gesamte Explosionsbereich beinhalten, erkennen, dass die Auswertung der Daten entweder abbrechen soll oder mit einem eingefügten Punkt ergänzen soll. Diese Arbeiten sind in einer Zusammenarbeit zwischen BAM und der Budapester Technischen und Wirtschaftsuniversität (BUTE) durchgeführt. Das Programm wurde auch so weiterentwickelt, dass ausgehend von den Excell-Tabellen der Messdaten mehrerer Gasgemisch-Systeme ein Word-Dokument als Zusammenfassung erstellt werden kann. T2 - M´´uszaki Kémiai Napok '03 ; Days of Chemical Engineering '03 CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2003-04-08 KW - Computerprogramm KW - Datenbank KW - Dreiecksdiagramm KW - Explosion KW - Explosionsgrenze KW - Gas KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen PY - 2003 SN - 963-7172-99-8 SP - 39 EP - 42 CY - Veszprém AN - OPUS4-2581 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Razus, D. A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Fuß, Oliver ED - Pierucci, S. T1 - Evaluation of Limiting Oxygen Concentration of Fuel/Air/Inert Gaseous Mixtures by Means of Calculated Adiabatic Flame Temperatures and Measured Fuel/Air Lower Explosion Limits T2 - 6th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering (ICheaP-6) CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 2003-06-08 KW - Abschätzmethode KW - Chemische Sicherheitstechnik KW - Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration KW - Brand- und Explosionsschutz PY - 2003 SN - 88-900775-2-2 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - AIDIC CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-2583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Computer-Vorführung der Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - Internationaler Ausstellungskongress für Chemische Technik, Umweltschutz und Biotechnologie ACHEMA'94 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 1994-06-07 PY - 1994 AN - OPUS4-3555 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Computer-Vorführung der Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - Leipziger Innovationsmesse CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 1996-09-25 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-3556 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Explosion areas of flammable substances - quality control of interpolated explosion curves and its mathematical background T2 - Days of Chemical Engineering 2004 CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2004-04-20 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-3530 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Database Chemsafe - A basis for cooperation T2 - 11th International Symposium "Loss Prevention 2004" CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2004-05-31 PY - 2004 SN - 80-0201574-6 SP - PG2468 EP - PG2474 PB - Ceská Spolecnost Chemického Inzenýrství CY - Prag AN - OPUS4-3585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - CHEMSAFE - A Basis Cooperation T2 - 11. International Symposium Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, Loss Prevention 2004 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2004-05-31 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-3593 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria ED - Buratti, S. S. T1 - Determination of fire and explosion hazards of dusts, vapours, gases and their mixtures according to the EC directives by using the database CHEMSAFE T2 - CISAP-1 ; 1st Italian Convention on Safety & Environment in Process Industry CY - Palermo, Italy DA - 2004-11-28 KW - Safety data KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - EC Directives PY - 2004 SN - 88-900775-5-7 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions IS - 5 SP - 181 EP - 185 PB - AIDIC, Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-4902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Möller, W. O. ED - Bradley, D. ED - Drysdale, D. ED - Molkov, V. T1 - Estimation methods for the limiting oxygen concentration of flammable/inert/air systems and minimum safe gap T2 - 4th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards CY - Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK DA - 2003-09-08 KW - Safety data KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Estimation methods KW - Berechnungsmethoden PY - 2004 SN - 1-85923-186-1 VL - 4 SP - 777 EP - 782 PB - FireSERT, University of Ulster CY - Newtonabbey AN - OPUS4-4903 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Hazards of Gas Mixtures using Explosion Diagrams (Beurteilung der Brand- und Explosionsgefahren von Gasgemischen mit Hilfe von Explosionsdiagrammen) N2 - An important method to prevent fires and explosions is to avoid explosive fuel-air mixtures. For this purpose the exact knowledge of the explosion range is required as a function of the combustible, oxidizer and inert gas concentrations. Frequently triangular diagrams are used in order to display the explosion range. This paper describes how to use the TRIANGLE software for flammability diagrams. Furthermore a calculation method for the flammability of gas mixtures is shown. T2 - 3rd International ESMG Symposium: Process Safety and Industrial Explosion Protection CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2004-03-16 KW - Safety data KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Estimation methods KW - Berechnungsmethoden KW - Inerting KW - Explosion diagram PY - 2004 SN - 3-9807567-3-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) PB - European Safety Management Group CY - Hamm AN - OPUS4-4904 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - CHEMSAFE - A basis for cooperation T2 - 11th International Symposium "Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries” CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2004-05-31 PY - 2004 SN - 80-0201574-6 SP - PG 2468 EP - 2474 PB - Ceská Spolecnost Chemického Inzenýrství CY - Prag AN - OPUS4-4905 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Kollár-Hunek, K. A1 - Viczian, Gergely ED - Filka, J. T1 - Explosion areas of flammable substances - quality control of interpolated explosion curves and its mathematical background N2 - This paper discusses the approximation problems of the explosion range of flammable substances with diluents in air and demonstrates how the different Splines can be applied for interpolation of explosion curves based on measured data points. The methods are tested on many systems which consist of flammable gas/inert gas/oxidizing gas. A comparison of the results gained by applying different Spline-functions and a computer presentation of the results with help of the program TRIANGLE are also given. T2 - M´´uszaki Kémiai Napok '04 ; Days of Chemical Engineering '04 CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2004-04-20 PY - 2004 SN - 963-9495-37-9 SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - KE MKKI CY - [Veszprém] AN - OPUS4-4976 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Viczián, G. A1 - Kollár-Hunek, K. ED - Majdik, K. T1 - Gázelegyek robbanáshatár-mérési adatainak minöségellenörzése informatikai eszközökkel (dt.: Qualitätsprüfung der Messdaten von Gasgemischexplosionsgrenzen mit Hilfe von Programmierwerkzeugen) T2 - 8. Nemzetközi Vegyészkonferencia CY - Cluj-Napoca, Hungary DA - 2002-11-15 KW - Datenbank KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsschutz PY - 2002 SN - 973-858098-6 VL - 8 SP - 350 EP - 354 CY - Cluj-Napoca AN - OPUS4-2068 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Klank, Wilhelm T1 - Datenbank "Sicherheitstechnik Flüssiggas" PY - 1995 SN - 1434-9728 SN - 1436-4948 SN - 0372-2457 SN - 0376-1185 VL - 36 IS - 1-2 SP - 12 EP - 15 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-1944 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klank, Wilhelm A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Montebaur, Michael T1 - Datenbank "Sicherheitstechnik Flüssiggas" PY - 1994 SN - 0721-5894 VL - 6 SP - 24 PB - Deutscher Verband Flüssiggas CY - Arnsberg AN - OPUS4-1945 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietlen, Siegmund A1 - Funke, Stefan A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Beurteilung der Brennbarkeit von Gasgemischen anhand von Dreistoffdiagrammen - Vergleich mit der Methode der Gefahrstoffverordnung T2 - Dechema-Jahrestagung 1996 CY - Wiesbaden, Deutschland DA - 1996-05-21 PY - 1996 VL - 2 SP - 76 PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-1946 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria ED - Nishiumi, H. T1 - Estimation of the Flammability Limits of Combustible Gases and Vapors in Air by a Group Contribution Method T2 - MTMS '97 CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 1997-01-12 PY - 1997 VL - 144 IS - 1-2 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1947 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Möller, W. A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Sturm, R. T1 - Limiting oxygen concentration - recent results and their presentation in CHEMSAFE N2 - Summary Substances like alcohols, ethers and esters have recently gained in importance as solvents for paints and varnishes, for surface degreasing and cleaning. Furthermore, fluorinated hydrocarbons are used as refrigerants, replacing chlorofluorocarbons. Because reliable data were not available for most of these substances, measurements of explosion limits and limiting oxygen concentration (MOC) have been carried out by PTB (flammable liquids) and BAM (flammable gases). The poster presents the results of the most recent measurements of MOC for ethanol, i-propanol, ethyl acetate, propyl formate, hexane and for gases as e.g. difluoroethane and methane. Explosion limits and limiting oxygen concentrations have been measured in mixtures with air under ambient conditions and at elevated temperatures according to the German standard DIN 51649. T2 - 9th International Symposium on Loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 1998-05-04 PY - 1998 UR - http://www.ptb.de/de/org/3/34/341/moeller.htm AN - OPUS4-1948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Möller, W. T1 - New Features of the Databank CHEMSAFE T2 - 1999 AIChE Annual meeting CY - Dallas, TX, USA DA - 1999-10-31 PY - 1999 UR - http://www.aiche.org/conferences PB - American Institute of Chemical Engineers CY - New York AN - OPUS4-1949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Estimation of flammability and limiting oxygen concentration of gas mixtures using the database CHEMSAFE T2 - ACHEMA 2000 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2000-05-01 PY - 2000 PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt, Main AN - OPUS4-1950 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schendler, Thomas A1 - Fuß, Oliver A1 - Grätz, Rainer A1 - Klank, Wilhelm A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Pfeil, Norbert A1 - Rockland, Ulrike T1 - Studie über Möglichkeiten der Umsetzung des Anhangs I der Seveso-II-Richtlinie unter Berücksichtigung der Anhänge II, III und IV der Störfall-Verordnung PY - 1998 AN - OPUS4-1951 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Gefahrstoffdaten und ihre Bewertung T2 - Aktualisiertes Fachwissen für Störfallbeauftragte CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 1994-04-21 PY - 1994 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1952 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Computer-Vorführung der Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - Hannover Industrie Messe, BAM-Stand CY - Hanover, Germany DA - 1997-04-13 PY - 1997 AN - OPUS4-1963 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Inkrementenspezifische Abschätzverfahren zur Vorhersage der Explosionsgrenzen von Reinstoffen - Vergleich mit gemessenen Daten und nach anderen Methoden abgeschätzten Daten T2 - GVC/DECHEMA Arbeitsausschuss-Sitzung CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 1997-11-04 PY - 1997 AN - OPUS4-1964 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Informationssysteme der chemischen Sicherheitstechnik - Datenbanken CHEMSAFE und Gasatlas T2 - EIGA - Symposium CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 1998-01-23 PY - 1998 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1965 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - DIA Research Martech Inc CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 1998-03-12 PY - 1998 AN - OPUS4-1966 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Verfahren zur Darstellung von Explosionsbereichen von Dreistoffsystemen bestehend aus Brenngas/Inertgas/Oxidator T2 - DIN-Normenausschuss "Explosionsgrenzen" CY - Braunschweig, Deutschland DA - 1998-03-23 PY - 1998 CY - Braunschweig AN - OPUS4-1967 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Gasen und Gasgemischen T2 - Benutzertreffen Chemsafe CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 1998-09-30 PY - 1998 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1968 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Erfassung und rechnergestützte Darstellung des Explosionsbereiches von Brenngas/Oxidationsmittel/Inertgas-Systemen T2 - 32. Sitzung "Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1999-11-18 PY - 1999 CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-1970 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Datenbank CHEMSAFE und ihre Anwendung T2 - Computerpräsentation für die Japanische Delegation, BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2000-01-31 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-1971 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dióspatonyi, Ildikó A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Kémiai Adatbázisok T2 - Müszaki Kémiai Napok CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2000-04-01 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-1972 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Die Datenbank "Sicherheitstechnik Flüssiggas" T2 - Vorführung der Datenbank "Sicherheitstechnik Flüssiggas" CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 1994-04-26 PY - 1994 AN - OPUS4-1953 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Computer-Vorführung der Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - ACHEMA '94 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1994-06-07 PY - 1994 PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt, Main AN - OPUS4-1954 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Aufbau einer Datenbank für Flüssiggas T2 - GVC/DECHEMA Arbeitsausschuss-Sitzung CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1994-11-10 PY - 1994 CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-1955 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Gefahrstoffe und ihre Bewertung T2 - Tieftemperatur-Technik-Kolloquium der TU Berlin CY - Serfaus, Österreich DA - 1995-02-22 PY - 1995 CY - Serfaus AN - OPUS4-1956 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Computer-Vorführung der Datenbanken CHEMSAFE, SICHERHEITSTECHNIK FLÜSSIGGAS und GASATLAS T2 - Hannover Industrie Messe, BAM-Stand CY - Hanover, Germany DA - 1995-04-02 PY - 1995 AN - OPUS4-1957 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen brennbarer Gase und Gasgemische T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskurs "Anwendung von bewerteten sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen in der Chemischen Technik - Einführung in die Benutzung der CHEMSAFE-Datenbank" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1995-05-16 PY - 1995 CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-1958 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen brennbarer Stäube T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskurs "Anwendung von bewerteten sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen in der Chemischen Technik - Einführung in die Benutzung der CHEMSAFE- Datenbank" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1995-05-16 PY - 1995 CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-1959 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Estimation of flammability of gas mixtures in air containing flammable and inert gases - Testing of the calculation method proposed by ISO 10156 using data from CHEMSAFE T2 - 12th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering (CHISA '96) CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 1996-08-25 PY - 1996 N1 - Serientitel: Event / European Federation of Chemical Engineering – Series title: Event / European Federation of Chemical Engineering IS - 556 CY - Praha AN - OPUS4-1960 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Schätz- und Berechnungsverfahren für sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen und das Programmpaket DDBSP T2 - Benutzertreffen der DDBSP GmbH CY - Oldenburg, Deutschland DA - 1996-09-09 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-1961 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Probleme bei einem Schiffsunfall T2 - 25. Tieftemperatur-Technik-Kolloquium CY - Serfaus, Österreich DA - 1997-02-19 PY - 1997 CY - Serfaus AN - OPUS4-1962 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuß, Oliver A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Determination of new group contributions to calculate limiting oxygen concentrations PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200390065 SN - 0930-7516 SN - 1521-4125 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 428 EP - 433 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2482 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Bulin, Michael A1 - Viczián, G. A1 - Kollár-Hunek, K. T1 - TRIANGLE - ein Computerprogramm zur Darstellung und Auswertung der Explosionsbereiche von Dreistoffsystemen N2 - Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung der Datenbank CHEMSAFE ® wurde das VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) Programm TRIANGLE in der BAM entwickelt, das tabellarisch vorbereitete Messdaten von Explosionsbereichen von Dreistoffsystemen automatisch auswertet und grafisch darstellt. Diese Dreistoffsysteme bestehen aus Brenngas (brennbare Gase und Dämpfe), Inertgas und Oxidator (Oxidatoren im Sinne des Explosionsschutzes sind in der Regel Luft oder Sauerstoff). Das Programm liefert die wichtigsten Grenzwerte aus den Explosionsdiagrammen wie z. B. die Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration und den maximal zulässigen Brenngasanteil. Die Ergebnisse des Programms werden in standardisierter Form dargestellt und fließen in die Datenbank CHEMSAFE ein. Auch für andere Anwender, die nicht mit der Datenbank CHEMSAFE arbeiten, kann TRIANGLE eine wertvolle Hilfe sein, um eigene Messdaten auswerten und darstellen zu können. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Die Bezeichnung “Brenngas” wird im nachfolgenden Text für brennbare Gase und Dämpfe verwendet. [2] Oxidatoren im Sinne des Explosionsschutzes sind in der Regel Luft oder Sauerstoff. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosion KW - Explosionsgrenze KW - Gas KW - Dreiecksdiagramm KW - Datenbank KW - Computerprogramm PY - 2003 SN - 1434-9728 SN - 1436-4948 SN - 0372-2457 SN - 0376-1185 VL - 44 IS - 1-2 SP - 32 EP - 35 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-2273 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuß, Oliver A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentrationen von brennbaren Gasen und Dämpfen PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390000 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 75 IS - 1-2 SP - 101 EP - 104 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2287 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schendler, Thomas A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen, Band 2: Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen N2 - Band 2 beinhaltet experimentell (im Wesentlichen nach DIN 51 649 bzw. EN 1839) ermittelte Explosionsbereiche von 158 Brenngas/Inertgas/Oxidator-Gemischen. Die Messpunkte sind als Zahlenwerte tabellarisch zusammengestellt und die entsprechenden Explosionsbereiche grafisch in Dreiecksdiagrammen sowie in karthesischen Koordinatensystemen dargestellt. Mit Hilfe der Diagramme ist es möglich, für beliebige Zusammensetzungen der Gemische zu ermitteln, ob sie explosionsfähig sind bzw. welche Zusammensetzungen im Bereich der totalen oder partiellen Inertisierung liegen. Zusätzlich sind die aus den Explosionsbereichen abgeleiteten folgenden Grenzwerte tabellarisch angegeben: Explosionsgrenzen, Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration, minimal notwendiger Inert-Gasanteil im Inertgas/Oxidator-Gemisch und maximal zulässiger Brenngasanteil im Brenngas/Inertgas-Gemisch. KW - Chemische Sicherheitstechnik KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Brennbare Gase KW - Inertisierung KW - Gasgemische KW - Messdaten KW - Dreiecksdiagramme KW - Explosionsbereiche PY - 2003 SN - 3-89701-746-6 VL - 2 SP - 360 PB - Wirtschaftsverl. NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-2530 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Curve Fitting Problems at the Evaluation of Explosion Diagrams T2 - 9th International Workshop on Chemical Engineering Mathematics 2003, July 14-19, 2003, Bad Honnef CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 2003-07-14 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-2911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Database CHEMSAFE - A Basis For Estimation Methods T2 - 4th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards CY - Londonderry, Northern Ireland DA - 2003-09-08 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3945 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Verwendung von Informatik- und mathematischen Werkzeugen zur Qualifizierung der Messdaten der Explosionsgrenzen von Gasgemischen T2 - Tagen der Technischen Chemie CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2003-04-08 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3951 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - ACHEMA 2003, "27. Internationaler Ausstellungskongreß für Chemische Technik Umweltschutz und Biotechnologie", BAM-Messestand CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2003-05-19 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3943 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Curve fitting problems at the evaluation of explosion diagrams T2 - IX. International Workshop on Chemical Engineering Mathematics CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 2003-07-14 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3944 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Informationssysteme: CHEMSAFE - Datenbank bewerteter sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen für den Brand- und Explosionsschutz T2 - 3. Behörden-Erfahrungsaustausch CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-05-03 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5293 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Determination of Fire and Explosion Hazards of Dusts, Vapours, Gases and their Mixtures according to the EC Directives by using the Database CHEMSAFE N2 - According to the European Occupation Safety and Health guideline (especially the EC hazardous materials directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work) the employer is obliged to identify and evaluate the risk on exposure to dangerous substances at the working place. For this purpose they need reliable, easily available and evaluated data by expert to estimate the risk not only on toxicity but also on fire and explosion. This contribution will show the use of the database CHEMSAFE to search for substances and their mixtures which have hazardous physico-chemical properties and safety characteristics for fire and explosion. The database include more than 3000 substances in 57000 data tables. Safety characteristics like explosion range for more than 200 gas mixtures up to 100 bar and 400 °C are an important part of it. It will be also demonstrated how one can avoid the explosive atmospheres using the measure inerting and for this purpose the necessary data, for e. g. limiting oxygen concentration, can be taken from this database. Also estimation methods for classification of gas mixtures for flammability are included in CHEMSAFE. On the same time the audience will be encouraged to cooperate in order to extend the database with data measured by other institutions or the field of application of the database for example with additional data such as DSC, SADT or other data concerning thermal stability and calorimetry.Cooperation is also possible for developing estimation and calculation methods on the basis of this evaluated database. T2 - 1st Italian Convention on Safety & Environment in Process Industry CY - Palermo, Italy DA - 2004-11-28 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - CHEMSAFE - Die Datenbank für bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen (in ungarischer Sprache) T2 - Behördenerfahrungsaustausch, Bergbauamt Ungarn (MBH) CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2005-05-03 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11773 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Razus, D. A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Movileanu, C. A1 - Irimia, A. T1 - Estimation of LOC (Limiting Oxygen Concentration) of Fuel-Air-Inert Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures by means of Adiabatic Flame Temperatures N2 - The limiting values of fuel concentration in a flammable fuel–air mixture are the LEL (lower explosion limit) and UEL (upper explosion limit). The addition of an inert component to fuel/air mixtures determines the increase of LEL and decrease of UEL, until these values finally merge at the inerting point. The maximum oxygen amount of a non-flammable fuel–air–inert mixture is the LOC (limiting oxygen concentration), an important safety characteristics. The investigation of a comprehensive set of flammability data at elevated temperatures and ambient pressure taken from literature sources was made for systems containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water(vapour) as inert components, at 100°, 200° and 250 °C. The adiabatic flame temperatures at LEL (CAFTLEL) and LOC (CAFTLOC) were calculated by taking into account the dissociation of gases within the flame. A linear correlation of CAFTLOC versus CAFTLEL was empirically derived for the examined systems. The slope and intercept of the correlation are dependent on temperature and on nature of the inert gas. The correlation allows the development of a simple procedure for estimating LOC, when the LEL of fuel–air and the equivalence ratio of the fuel–air–inert mixture at the inerting point are known. Knowing the scarce information concerning the flammability of fuel–air–inert mixtures at temperatures higher than ambient, the proposed procedure brings about an useful tool for estimation of LOC. KW - Limiting oxygen concentration KW - Lower explosion limit KW - Calculated adiabatic flame temperature KW - Explosion of gases KW - Flammability PY - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_aset=V-WA-A-W-A-MsSAYWA-UUW-U-AABEVUVVEU-AABZEYCWEU-CDDDVBEVC-A-U&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_udi=B6TFH-4H6PKBF-1&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2006&_cdi=5227&_orig=search&_st=13&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000049503&_version= DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2005.06.010 SN - 0255-2701 SN - 1873-3204 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 193 EP - 197 PB - Elsevier CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-11775 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Biogáz robbanási határainak kiszámítása methán/széndioxid/levegö rendszer robbanási határ adataiból / Estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures by using the explosiondiagram of a methane/carbon dioxide/air system N2 - The knowledge of the explosion limits of biogases in air is necessary to define explosion protection measures. Biogases from agricultural plants vary however in their composition, so that for each gas composition the explosion limits would have to be measured. Frequently the explosion limits of biogas are therefore referred in the safety-relevant literature only to the methane fraction of the gas mixture, without indicating this additionally. This leads to the fact that the explosion ranges for the total mixture consists of methane, carbon dioxide and further residual gases are falsely specified. For this reason a simple method is presented in the following, which show, how the explosion limits of a biogas can be determined from its methane content using an explosion diagram of methane/carbon dioxide/air system. The explosion diagram was measured according to the German Standard DIN 51649-1. The presented calculation method supplies however correct results only if the nitrogen fraction in the biogas does not exceed approx. 5 % by volume. T2 - Conference of Chemical Engineering CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2006-04-25 KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosionsdiagramm KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsschutz PY - 2006 SN - 963-9495-86-7 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 39 PB - Pannon Egyetem CY - Veszprem AN - OPUS4-12298 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar ED - Buratti, S. S. T1 - Using explosion diagrams for estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures N2 - Biogas is an important source of renewable energy. It consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, with low levels of hydrogen sulphide and other gases. That means, that the toxicological aspects and the flammability of biogas has to be taken into account. A serious accident has happened just recently in a biogas production plant in Germany, accompanied with injuries and four totalities. The methane content of the different types of biogases varies from about 82 % till 40 % and the rest is mostly carbon dioxide with trace gases depending on the anaerobe digestion process. These plants must also be controlled to avoid pollution and the risk of explosion. The 1999/92/EC Directive (ATEX 137) addressed to employer. The employer of such plants needs to implement safety requirements, such as prevention of explosive atmospheres, avoiding ignition sources, etc. In addition he has to prepare an explosion protection document and carry out a hazard assessment. The basic information for these documents based on the safety characteristics of the produced gases. These data can be taken e. g. from the database CHEMSAFE® using explosion diagrams of methane/carbon dioxide/air mixtures. In the literature the biogas explosion limits often presented in a confusing way. In this presentation a simple method will be shown to get correct values by correlation of the explosion limits with the methane content of the biogas. While biogas production will be forecast with an acceleration of growth in the future, it is essential to clear this important safety problem. T2 - 2nd International Conference on Safety & Environment in Process Industry (CISAP-2) CY - Naples, Italy DA - 2006-05-21 KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosionsdiagramm KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsschutz PY - 2006 SN - 88-901915-1-1 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions IS - 9 SP - 83 EP - 88 PB - Assoziatione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-12390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Estimation of the explosions limits of biogas mixtures by using the explosion diagram of CH4/CO2/air T2 - Müszaki Kémiai Napok'06 (Days of Chemical Engineering'06) CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2006-04-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12437 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Using explosion diagrams for estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures T2 - CISAP-2: 2nd International Conference on Safety & Evironment in Process Industry, 21. - 24. Mai 2006 CY - Naples, Italy DA - 2006-05-21 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12422 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Verlässliche Datenquellen - Darstellung der Kenngrößen in der Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - Weiterbildungskurs der DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11247 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes von brennbaren Stäuben T2 - Weiterbildungskurs der DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11242 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes von brennbaren Gasen und Gemischen - Ermittlung und Bewertung der Kenngrößen - Dreiecksdiagramme, Inertisierung T2 - Weiterbildungskurs der DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11243 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Brand- und Explosionsschutz: Prinzipien des Explosionsschutzes, relevante sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen T2 - DECHEMA Weiterbildungskurs "Grundlagen und rechtliche Anforderungen des Explosionsschutzes" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11245 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Gefährdungsbeurteilung nach der GefStoffV T2 - Weiterbildungskurs der DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-16 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11246 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - CHEMSAFE - Datenbank für bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes T2 - POWTECH 2005 (ExploRisk) CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2005-10-11 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-10979 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Spline Functions in Evaluation of explosion limit curves for gas mixtures T2 - 10th International Workshop on Chemical Engineering Mathematics CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2005-08-18 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11147 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - CHEMSAFE - Datenbank für bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen T2 - POWTECH (ExploRisk 2005 - Internationale Fachmesse für Explosionschutz und Anlagensicherheit) CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2005-10-11 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11584 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - CHEMSAFE - Datenbank für bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes T2 - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 2005-12-08 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11709 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Presentation of the Activities of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing and the Department II T2 - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 2005-12-08 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Kollar-Hunek, Klara T1 - Spline Functions in Evaluation of Explosion Limit Curves for Gas Mixtures N2 - The paper discusses a new method to approximate the sometimes missing apex point of the explosion limit curves of flammable substances with diluents in air. The base of the new method is to vary the frame points of the co-monotonic splines using de Casteljau algorithm. We show several examples for flammable/inert/oxidising gas containing systems – selected by the program TRIANGLE – where the method was applied. Due to the definition of the frame of splines it can be stated that the new method never restricts the explosion range around the apex and shifts the explosion limit curve into the direction of higher inert gas concentrations. This means that the new method can correct the highly “cut down nose” of the co-monotonic splines and gives a safer explosion range of these systems. KW - Ternary flammable systems KW - Inerting KW - Explosion areas KW - Co-monotonic spline curves KW - CHEMSAFE KW - TRIANGLE Programm KW - Explosion KW - Dreistoffsysteme KW - Spline interpolation PY - 2005 SN - 0133-0276 VL - 33 IS - 1-2 SP - 75 EP - 80 PB - Hungarian Oil and Gas Research Institute CY - Veszprém AN - OPUS4-13514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes von brennbaren Gasen, Gemischen T2 - DECHEMA Weiterbildungskurs "Grundlagen und rechtliche Anforderungen des Explosionsschutzes", CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2006-10-23 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13750 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -