TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Schätz- und Berechnungsverfahren für sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen und das Programmpaket DDBSP T2 - Benutzertreffen der DDBSP GmbH CY - Oldenburg, Deutschland DA - 1996-09-09 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-1961 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Probleme bei einem Schiffsunfall T2 - 25. Tieftemperatur-Technik-Kolloquium CY - Serfaus, Österreich DA - 1997-02-19 PY - 1997 CY - Serfaus AN - OPUS4-1962 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuß, Oliver A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Determination of new group contributions to calculate limiting oxygen concentrations PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200390065 SN - 0930-7516 SN - 1521-4125 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 428 EP - 433 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2482 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Bulin, Michael A1 - Viczián, G. A1 - Kollár-Hunek, K. T1 - TRIANGLE - ein Computerprogramm zur Darstellung und Auswertung der Explosionsbereiche von Dreistoffsystemen N2 - Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung der Datenbank CHEMSAFE ® wurde das VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) Programm TRIANGLE in der BAM entwickelt, das tabellarisch vorbereitete Messdaten von Explosionsbereichen von Dreistoffsystemen automatisch auswertet und grafisch darstellt. Diese Dreistoffsysteme bestehen aus Brenngas (brennbare Gase und Dämpfe), Inertgas und Oxidator (Oxidatoren im Sinne des Explosionsschutzes sind in der Regel Luft oder Sauerstoff). Das Programm liefert die wichtigsten Grenzwerte aus den Explosionsdiagrammen wie z. B. die Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration und den maximal zulässigen Brenngasanteil. Die Ergebnisse des Programms werden in standardisierter Form dargestellt und fließen in die Datenbank CHEMSAFE ein. Auch für andere Anwender, die nicht mit der Datenbank CHEMSAFE arbeiten, kann TRIANGLE eine wertvolle Hilfe sein, um eigene Messdaten auswerten und darstellen zu können. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Die Bezeichnung “Brenngas” wird im nachfolgenden Text für brennbare Gase und Dämpfe verwendet. [2] Oxidatoren im Sinne des Explosionsschutzes sind in der Regel Luft oder Sauerstoff. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosion KW - Explosionsgrenze KW - Gas KW - Dreiecksdiagramm KW - Datenbank KW - Computerprogramm PY - 2003 SN - 1434-9728 SN - 1436-4948 SN - 0372-2457 SN - 0376-1185 VL - 44 IS - 1-2 SP - 32 EP - 35 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-2273 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuß, Oliver A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentrationen von brennbaren Gasen und Dämpfen PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390000 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 75 IS - 1-2 SP - 101 EP - 104 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2287 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schendler, Thomas A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen, Band 2: Explosionsbereiche von Gasgemischen N2 - Band 2 beinhaltet experimentell (im Wesentlichen nach DIN 51 649 bzw. EN 1839) ermittelte Explosionsbereiche von 158 Brenngas/Inertgas/Oxidator-Gemischen. Die Messpunkte sind als Zahlenwerte tabellarisch zusammengestellt und die entsprechenden Explosionsbereiche grafisch in Dreiecksdiagrammen sowie in karthesischen Koordinatensystemen dargestellt. Mit Hilfe der Diagramme ist es möglich, für beliebige Zusammensetzungen der Gemische zu ermitteln, ob sie explosionsfähig sind bzw. welche Zusammensetzungen im Bereich der totalen oder partiellen Inertisierung liegen. Zusätzlich sind die aus den Explosionsbereichen abgeleiteten folgenden Grenzwerte tabellarisch angegeben: Explosionsgrenzen, Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration, minimal notwendiger Inert-Gasanteil im Inertgas/Oxidator-Gemisch und maximal zulässiger Brenngasanteil im Brenngas/Inertgas-Gemisch. KW - Chemische Sicherheitstechnik KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Brennbare Gase KW - Inertisierung KW - Gasgemische KW - Messdaten KW - Dreiecksdiagramme KW - Explosionsbereiche PY - 2003 SN - 3-89701-746-6 VL - 2 SP - 360 PB - Wirtschaftsverl. NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-2530 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Curve Fitting Problems at the Evaluation of Explosion Diagrams T2 - 9th International Workshop on Chemical Engineering Mathematics 2003, July 14-19, 2003, Bad Honnef CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 2003-07-14 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-2911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Database CHEMSAFE - A Basis For Estimation Methods T2 - 4th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards CY - Londonderry, Northern Ireland DA - 2003-09-08 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3945 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Verwendung von Informatik- und mathematischen Werkzeugen zur Qualifizierung der Messdaten der Explosionsgrenzen von Gasgemischen T2 - Tagen der Technischen Chemie CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2003-04-08 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3951 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - ACHEMA 2003, "27. Internationaler Ausstellungskongreß für Chemische Technik Umweltschutz und Biotechnologie", BAM-Messestand CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2003-05-19 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3943 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Curve fitting problems at the evaluation of explosion diagrams T2 - IX. International Workshop on Chemical Engineering Mathematics CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 2003-07-14 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3944 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Informationssysteme: CHEMSAFE - Datenbank bewerteter sicherheitstechnischer Kenngrößen für den Brand- und Explosionsschutz T2 - 3. Behörden-Erfahrungsaustausch CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-05-03 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5293 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Determination of Fire and Explosion Hazards of Dusts, Vapours, Gases and their Mixtures according to the EC Directives by using the Database CHEMSAFE N2 - According to the European Occupation Safety and Health guideline (especially the EC hazardous materials directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work) the employer is obliged to identify and evaluate the risk on exposure to dangerous substances at the working place. For this purpose they need reliable, easily available and evaluated data by expert to estimate the risk not only on toxicity but also on fire and explosion. This contribution will show the use of the database CHEMSAFE to search for substances and their mixtures which have hazardous physico-chemical properties and safety characteristics for fire and explosion. The database include more than 3000 substances in 57000 data tables. Safety characteristics like explosion range for more than 200 gas mixtures up to 100 bar and 400 °C are an important part of it. It will be also demonstrated how one can avoid the explosive atmospheres using the measure inerting and for this purpose the necessary data, for e. g. limiting oxygen concentration, can be taken from this database. Also estimation methods for classification of gas mixtures for flammability are included in CHEMSAFE. On the same time the audience will be encouraged to cooperate in order to extend the database with data measured by other institutions or the field of application of the database for example with additional data such as DSC, SADT or other data concerning thermal stability and calorimetry.Cooperation is also possible for developing estimation and calculation methods on the basis of this evaluated database. T2 - 1st Italian Convention on Safety & Environment in Process Industry CY - Palermo, Italy DA - 2004-11-28 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - CHEMSAFE - Die Datenbank für bewertete sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen (in ungarischer Sprache) T2 - Behördenerfahrungsaustausch, Bergbauamt Ungarn (MBH) CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2005-05-03 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11773 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Razus, D. A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Movileanu, C. A1 - Irimia, A. T1 - Estimation of LOC (Limiting Oxygen Concentration) of Fuel-Air-Inert Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures by means of Adiabatic Flame Temperatures N2 - The limiting values of fuel concentration in a flammable fuel–air mixture are the LEL (lower explosion limit) and UEL (upper explosion limit). The addition of an inert component to fuel/air mixtures determines the increase of LEL and decrease of UEL, until these values finally merge at the inerting point. The maximum oxygen amount of a non-flammable fuel–air–inert mixture is the LOC (limiting oxygen concentration), an important safety characteristics. The investigation of a comprehensive set of flammability data at elevated temperatures and ambient pressure taken from literature sources was made for systems containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water(vapour) as inert components, at 100°, 200° and 250 °C. The adiabatic flame temperatures at LEL (CAFTLEL) and LOC (CAFTLOC) were calculated by taking into account the dissociation of gases within the flame. A linear correlation of CAFTLOC versus CAFTLEL was empirically derived for the examined systems. The slope and intercept of the correlation are dependent on temperature and on nature of the inert gas. The correlation allows the development of a simple procedure for estimating LOC, when the LEL of fuel–air and the equivalence ratio of the fuel–air–inert mixture at the inerting point are known. Knowing the scarce information concerning the flammability of fuel–air–inert mixtures at temperatures higher than ambient, the proposed procedure brings about an useful tool for estimation of LOC. KW - Limiting oxygen concentration KW - Lower explosion limit KW - Calculated adiabatic flame temperature KW - Explosion of gases KW - Flammability PY - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_aset=V-WA-A-W-A-MsSAYWA-UUW-U-AABEVUVVEU-AABZEYCWEU-CDDDVBEVC-A-U&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_udi=B6TFH-4H6PKBF-1&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2006&_cdi=5227&_orig=search&_st=13&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000049503&_version= DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2005.06.010 SN - 0255-2701 SN - 1873-3204 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 193 EP - 197 PB - Elsevier CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-11775 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Biogáz robbanási határainak kiszámítása methán/széndioxid/levegö rendszer robbanási határ adataiból / Estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures by using the explosiondiagram of a methane/carbon dioxide/air system N2 - The knowledge of the explosion limits of biogases in air is necessary to define explosion protection measures. Biogases from agricultural plants vary however in their composition, so that for each gas composition the explosion limits would have to be measured. Frequently the explosion limits of biogas are therefore referred in the safety-relevant literature only to the methane fraction of the gas mixture, without indicating this additionally. This leads to the fact that the explosion ranges for the total mixture consists of methane, carbon dioxide and further residual gases are falsely specified. For this reason a simple method is presented in the following, which show, how the explosion limits of a biogas can be determined from its methane content using an explosion diagram of methane/carbon dioxide/air system. The explosion diagram was measured according to the German Standard DIN 51649-1. The presented calculation method supplies however correct results only if the nitrogen fraction in the biogas does not exceed approx. 5 % by volume. T2 - Conference of Chemical Engineering CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2006-04-25 KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosionsdiagramm KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsschutz PY - 2006 SN - 963-9495-86-7 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 39 PB - Pannon Egyetem CY - Veszprem AN - OPUS4-12298 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar ED - Buratti, S. S. T1 - Using explosion diagrams for estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures N2 - Biogas is an important source of renewable energy. It consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, with low levels of hydrogen sulphide and other gases. That means, that the toxicological aspects and the flammability of biogas has to be taken into account. A serious accident has happened just recently in a biogas production plant in Germany, accompanied with injuries and four totalities. The methane content of the different types of biogases varies from about 82 % till 40 % and the rest is mostly carbon dioxide with trace gases depending on the anaerobe digestion process. These plants must also be controlled to avoid pollution and the risk of explosion. The 1999/92/EC Directive (ATEX 137) addressed to employer. The employer of such plants needs to implement safety requirements, such as prevention of explosive atmospheres, avoiding ignition sources, etc. In addition he has to prepare an explosion protection document and carry out a hazard assessment. The basic information for these documents based on the safety characteristics of the produced gases. These data can be taken e. g. from the database CHEMSAFE® using explosion diagrams of methane/carbon dioxide/air mixtures. In the literature the biogas explosion limits often presented in a confusing way. In this presentation a simple method will be shown to get correct values by correlation of the explosion limits with the methane content of the biogas. While biogas production will be forecast with an acceleration of growth in the future, it is essential to clear this important safety problem. T2 - 2nd International Conference on Safety & Environment in Process Industry (CISAP-2) CY - Naples, Italy DA - 2006-05-21 KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosionsdiagramm KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsschutz PY - 2006 SN - 88-901915-1-1 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions IS - 9 SP - 83 EP - 88 PB - Assoziatione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-12390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Estimation of the explosions limits of biogas mixtures by using the explosion diagram of CH4/CO2/air T2 - Müszaki Kémiai Napok'06 (Days of Chemical Engineering'06) CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2006-04-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12437 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Using explosion diagrams for estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures T2 - CISAP-2: 2nd International Conference on Safety & Evironment in Process Industry, 21. - 24. Mai 2006 CY - Naples, Italy DA - 2006-05-21 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12422 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Verlässliche Datenquellen - Darstellung der Kenngrößen in der Datenbank CHEMSAFE T2 - Weiterbildungskurs der DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11247 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes von brennbaren Stäuben T2 - Weiterbildungskurs der DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11242 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes von brennbaren Gasen und Gemischen - Ermittlung und Bewertung der Kenngrößen - Dreiecksdiagramme, Inertisierung T2 - Weiterbildungskurs der DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11243 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -