TY - CONF A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Jürgen, Olbricht T1 - Creep fatigue behavior of P91/P92 N2 - 9-12% Cr ferritic-martensitic stainless steels are widely used as high temperature construction materials in power plants due to their excellent creep resistance and good oxidation resistance. Creep resistance is considered as the primary parameter in material selection for base-load power plants, but the growing share of renewable energy sources in power generation forces many installations into more "flexible" operation with frequent load reductions and shutdowns. Under cyclic operation of power plants, temperature gradients occur especially in thick-walled components. Locally, these gradients lead to complex time- and temperature-dependent loading scenarios which may result in superimposed creep deformation/damage, creep-fatigue and thermo-mechanical fatigue. The combination of different damage processes may seriously reduce the lifetimes of respective components. A fundamental understanding of the damage evolution in ferritic-martensitic steels under combined static and cyclic loading is therefore required. In the present contribution, the creep-fatigue behavior of two different 9% Cr steel grades (P91 and P92) was investigated. Standard creep-tests as well as LCF/TMF tests with hold time have been carried out to study the material behavior of the new loading scenarios. Microstructural investigations help to identify the observed deformation characteristics and the dominating damage mechanisms under different loads. The test programme is complemented by cyclic creep-tests (temperature change) and creep-tests under atmospheres. In a next step, the experimental results will be used for parameter identification of a deformation and lifetime model to predict the material behavior. T2 - ECCC 2017 CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 10.09.2017 KW - Near-service testing KW - Power plant KW - Ferritic-martensitic steels KW - P91 KW - P92 KW - Creep-Fatigue PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jürgens, Maria ED - Skrotzki, Birgit ED - Jürgen, Olbricht T1 - Creep fatigue behavior of P91/P92 N2 - 9-12% Cr ferritic-martensitic stainless steels are widely used as high temperature construction materials in power plants due to their excellent creep resistance and good oxidation resistance. Creep resistance is considered as the primary parameter in material selection for base-load power plants, but the growing share of renewable energy sources in power generation forces many installations into more "flexible" operation with frequent load reductions and shutdowns. Under cyclic operation of power plants, temperature gradients occur especially in thick-walled components. Locally, these gradients lead to complex time- and temperature-dependent loading scenarios which may result in superimposed creep deformation/damage, creep-fatigue and thermo-mechanical fatigue. The combination of different damage processes may seriously reduce the lifetimes of respective components. A fundamental understanding of the damage evolution in ferritic-martensitic steels under combined static and cyclic loading is therefore required. In the present contribution, the creep-fatigue behavior of two different 9% Cr steel grades (P91 and P92) was investigated. Standard creep-tests as well as LCF/TMF tests with hold time have been carried out to study the material behavior of the new loading scenarios. Microstructural investigations help to identify the observed deformation characteristics and the dominating damage mechanisms under different loads. The test programme is complemented by cyclic creep-tests (temperature change) and creep-tests under atmospheres. In a next step, the experimental results will be used for parameter identification of a deformation and lifetime model to predict the material behavior. T2 - ECCC 2017 CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 10.09.2017 KW - Near-service testing KW - Power plant KW - Ferritic-martensitic steels KW - P91 KW - P92 KW - Creep-Fatigue PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-514-00832-8 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-42270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen T1 - Ermüdungsverhalten des warmfesten Stahls P92 N2 - Hochwarmfeste ferritisch-martensitische Stähle mit 9-12 Gew.-% Chromgehalt werden wegen ihrer hohen Kriechfestigkeit und ihres gleichzeitig guten Oxidationswiderstands erfolgreich als Konstruktionswerkstoff für Hochtemperaturbauteile in Kraftwerken eingesetzt. Die zunehmend zyklische Fahrweise konventioneller Kraftwerke im lastflexiblen Betrieb führt zu häufigen Last- und Temperaturwechseln, die von den Bauteilen sicher ertragen werden müssen. Schnelle Lastwechsel verursachen vor allem in dickwandigen Bauteilen erhebliche thermische und mechanische Beanspruchungen. Während unter stationären Betriebs¬bedingungen der Lebensdauerverbrauch von der Werkstoffschädigung durch Kriechen dominiert wurde, verstärkt sich im zyklischen Betrieb die Schädigung durch Ermüdungsprozesse. In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit wird am Beispiel des ferritisch-martensitischen Stahls P92 untersucht, welche Auswirkungen zyklische Fahrweisen auf die Schädigungsprozesse und Lebensdauern dieser Stähle haben. Das Versuchsprogramm kombiniert deshalb Standardtests mit betriebsnahen mechanischen Versuchen unter überlagerter Kriech-, Ermüdungs- und Temperaturwechselbeanspruchung. Diese werden im vorliegenden Beitrag anhand erster Versuchsergebnisse vorgestellt. Ziel der Arbeiten ist, die auftretenden mechanischen Effekte darzustellen und die zugrunde liegenden Schadensmechanismen durch umfangreiche mikroanalytische/fraktographische Nachuntersuchungen des Probenmaterials zu identifizieren. T2 - DGM-AK-Sitzung Mechanisches Verhalten bei hoher Temperatur CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.09.2017 KW - P92 KW - LCF KW - RF PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42272 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonntag, Nadja A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen T1 - Experimental data from service-like creep-fatigue experiments on grade P92 steel N2 - This article refers to the research article entitled “Creep-Fatigue of P92 in Service-Like Tests with Combined Stress- and Strain-Controlled Dwell Times” [1]. It presents experimental mechanical data from complex service-like creep-fatigue experiments performed isothermally at 620 °C and a low strain amplitude of 0.2 % on tempered martensite-ferritic grade P92 steel. The data sets in text file format provide cyclic deformation (min. and max. stresses) and the total (hysteresis) data of all recorded fatigue cycles for three different creep-fatigue experiments: 1) a standard relaxation fatigue (RF) test with symmetrical dwell times of three minutes introduced at minimum and maximum strain, 2) a fully strain-controlled service-like relaxation (SLR) test combining these three-minute peak strain dwells with a 30-minute dwell in between at zero strain, and 3) a partly stress-controlled service-like creep (SLC) test combining the three-minute peak strain dwells with 30-minute dwells at constant stress. Such service-like (SL) tests with additional long-term stress- and strain-controlled dwell times are non-standard, rare, and expensive, making these data very valuable. They may be used to approximate cyclic softening in the technically relevant range, for the design of complex SL experiments, or for detailed analyses of stress-strain hystereses (e.g., for stress or strain partitioning methods, for the determination of hysteresis energies (work), inelastic strain components, etc.). In addition, the latter analyses may supply important input for advanced parametric lifetime modeling of components under creep-fatigue loading or model calibration parameters. KW - Tempered martensite-ferritic steel KW - Creep KW - Stress relaxation KW - Creep-fatigue KW - Dwell times PY - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578407 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 49 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-57840 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Roohbakhshan, Farshad A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Cyclic loading performance and related microstructure evolution of ferritic-martensitic 9-12% Cr steels N2 - The current competitive situation on electricity markets forces power plants into cyclic operation regimes with frequent load shifts and starts/shutdowns. In the present work, the cyclic mechanical behavior of ferritic-martensitic 9-12 % Cr steels under isothermal and thermomechanical loading was investigated for the example of grade P92 material. A continuous softening was observed under all loading conditions. The introduction of hold periods to the applied cycles reduced material lifetime, with most prominent effects at technologically relevant small strain levels. The microstructural characterization reveals a coarsening of the original “martensitic” lath-type microstructure to a structure with polygonal subgrains and reduced dislocation density. The microstructural data forms the input for a physically-based modelling approach. T2 - 44th MPA-Seminar CY - Leinfelden/Stuttgart, Germany DA - 17.10.2018 KW - Ferritic-martensitic steels KW - Cyclic loading KW - Microstructure evolution PY - 2018 SP - 259 EP - 265 AN - OPUS4-47118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo T1 - Improving the precision of orientation measurements from technical materials via EBSD pattern matching N2 - We use pattern matching of experimental and dynamically simulated backscattered Kikuchi diffraction (BKD) patterns to increase the orientation precision of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. In order to quantify the improvement in orientation precision, we analyze the experimental distribution of the kernel average misorientation (KAM) angles. We find that for the same raw data, i.e. the same EBSD data acquisition time budget, the pattern matching approach improves the KAM resolution by an order of magnitude compared to orientation data delivered from the conventional Hough-transform based data analysis. This quantitative improvement enables us to interpret small orientation changes in plastically deformed materials which are hidden in noisy orientation data delivered from the reference EBSD system. As an application example, we analyze a ferritic-martensitic steel (P92) sample before and after low-cycle fatigue (LCF) loading (±0.3% strain) at 620 °C. Whereas the low precision of the EBSD orientation data from the manufacturer software does not allow a reliable discrimination of the gradually changing microstructure, we find very clear systematic differences of the local microstructure after the pattern matching orientation refinement of the initial, raw pattern data. For the investigated P92 sample, the KAM-angle histograms are well described by two log-normal distributions indicating the already tempered and the remaining and mostly untempered martensite. KW - Misorientation KW - Thermo-mechanical loading KW - Martensite KW - Log-normal distribution KW - Bimodal distribution PY - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.08.028 VL - 159 SP - 408 EP - 415 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-46454 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -