TY - GEN A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Lenke, Philipp A1 - Liehr, Sascha A1 - Witt, Jens A1 - Schukar, Marcus ED - Ecke, Wolfgang ED - Kara J. Peters, ED - Norbert G. Meyendorf, T1 - Smart technical textiles with integrated POF sensors N2 - Fiber optic sensors based on polymer optical fibers (POF) take advantage of the high elasticity and high break-down strain of POF. Because of their outstanding elastic properties, POF are well suited for integration into technical textiles like geotextiles and medical textiles. Smart textiles with incorporated POF sensors, able to sense various mechanical and physical quantities, can be realized. The integration of POF as a sensor into geotextiles for monitoring of displacement of soil is very attractive since POF can be used for distributed strain measurement of strain values of more than 40 %. An online monitoring of critical mechanical deformations of geotechnical structures like dikes, dams, slopes, embankments as well as of masonry structures can be ensured. Medical textiles that incorporate POF sensors can control vital physiological parameters like respiratory movement and can be used for wearable health monitoring of patients requiring a continuous medical assistance and treatment. The biocompatibility of POF is an important criterion for selecting POF as a medical sensor. The paper shows selected examples of using POF sensors for the mentioned monitoring purposes. T2 - Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems 2008 CY - San Diego, California, USA DA - 2008-03-10 KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Polymer optical fibers (POF) KW - POF sensors KW - Geotextiles KW - Medical textiles KW - Strain sensor KW - Respiratory monitoring KW - POF OTDR KW - Distributed sensor KW - Geotechnical structures PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-8194-7119-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.776758 SN - 0277-786X N1 - Serientitel: Proceedings of SPIE – Series title: Proceedings of SPIE VL - 6933 IS - 6933 SP - 69330V-1 - 69330V-15 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham AN - OPUS4-17680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Monitoring of composite pressure vessels using surface applied distributed fiber optic sensors N2 - In this paper, we report on surface-applied distributed fibre optic sensors for monitoring composite pressure vessels designed for hydrogen storage. Previous reports have revealed that integrating optical fibres within vessel composite structures effectively enables the monitoring of structural behavior throughout their lifetime. However, integrating optical fibres during the manufacturing process is complex and time-consuming. Therefore, we aim to simplify this process by attaching the optical fibres to the vessel’s surface. This method is significantly more timeefficient than the integration process and can be applied to any vessel. Our results demonstrate that surface-applied fibre optic sensors can detect and precisely localise damage. Additionally, signs of damage can be recognised even before the damage occurs. Predictive maintenance using fibre optic sensors could reduce premature maintenance costs and periodic inspections while increasing safety and extending the vessel’s useful service life. The role of machine learning in predictive maintenance is also discussed. T2 - 20th Sensors & their Applications Conference CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 11.08.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Composites KW - Machine learning KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-60911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Popiela, Bartosz A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Günzel, Stephan A1 - Mair, Georg W. A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Seidlitz, Holger T1 - Embedding of Fiber Optic Sensors Under Industrial Conditions and Distributed Strain Sensing in Type 4 Composite Pressure Vessels N2 - The number of in-operation composite pressure vessels is increasing, partly due to their attractiveness for on-board compressed gas storage and transport applications. A possible way to maintain the highest safety levels is through the structural health monitoring of the composite cylinders. Here, the use of fiber optic sensors appears to be a promising approach. However, the integration of the optical fibers into the composite structure of a pressure vessel has been shown to be challenging. In this study, insights on the embedding of optical fibers in the composite structure under industrial conditions are provided. A protection concept for the ingress and egress of the optical fibers is presented. Finally, the results from destructive slow burst tests are evaluated, showing no clear trend in the impact of the embedded optical fibers on the performance of composite pressure vessels. T2 - 24th International Conference on Composite Materials CY - Baltimore, Maryland, USA DA - 04.08.2025 KW - Composite KW - Pressure vessel KW - Filament winding KW - Fiber optic sensors PY - 2025 SP - 3710 EP - 3717 AN - OPUS4-63886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Scheer, M. T1 - Strahlungsüberwachung mit Faser-Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren am Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II N2 - Die Eignung von Faser-Bragg-Gitter-(FBG)-Sensoren zur Messung ionisierender Strahlung wurde an einem Undulator des Elektronenspeicherrings BESSY II untersucht. Über einen Zeitraum von 20 Wochen wurde eine durch Strahlung verursachte Bragg-Wellenlängenänderung der FBG-Sensoren von 25pm gemessen, was einer Strahlendosis von 720 Gy entspricht. The suitability of using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for the measurement of ionizing radiation on the electron storage ring BESSY II by measuring the Bragg wavelength shift caused by radiation was investigated. During a time period of 20 weeks a Bragg wavelength shift of 25pm caused by the ionizing radiation was measured by FBG sensors at the storage ring. This Bragg wavelength shift corresponds to a radiation dose value of 720 Gy. KW - Faseroptische Sensoren KW - Faser-Bragg-Gitter KW - Dosimetrie KW - Strahlungssensoren KW - Elektronenspeicherring KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Fiber Bragg gratings KW - Radiation dosimetry KW - Radiation sensors KW - Electron storage ring PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/teme.2008.0834 SN - 0340-837X SN - 0178-2312 SN - 0171-8096 VL - 75 IS - 4 SP - 245 EP - 250 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-17655 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Lenke, Philipp A1 - Liehr, Sascha A1 - Witt, Jens A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Large, M. A1 - Thiel, T. T1 - Technology and Applications of Smart Technical Textiles Based on POF T2 - 17th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibers (POF 2008), August 25-28, 2008 CY - Santa Clara, California, USA DA - 2008-08-25 KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Polymer optical fibers (POF) KW - POF sensors KW - Smart technical textiles PY - 2008 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-17870 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Heimann, Jan A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Hashemi, Seyedreza A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Towards predictive maintenance of hydrogen pressure vessels based on multi-sensor data fusion and digital twin modeling N2 - Hydrogen pressure vessels are among the most essential components for reliable hydrogen technology. Under current regulations, a mostly conservative strategy is employed, restricting the usage time of hydrogen pressure vessels without providing information on the real remaining lifetime. During the service life, pressure vessels are inspected periodically. However, no established method that can provide continuous monitoring or information on the remaining safe service life of the vessel. In this paper, we propose a sensor network for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of hydrogen pressure vessels where data from all sensors are collected and centrally evaluated. Specifically, we integrate three different SHM sensing technologies namely Guided Wave ultrasonics (GW), Acoustic Emission testing (AT), and distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (FOS). This integrated approach offers significantly more information and could therefore enable a transition from costly and time-consuming periodic inspections to more efficient and modern predictive maintenance strategies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based evaluation. This does not only have a positive effect on the operational costs but enhances safety through early identification of critical conditions in the overall system in real-time. We demonstrate an experimental set-up of a lifetime test where a Type IV Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel (COPV) is investigated under cyclic loading instrumented with AT, FOS, and GW methods. We acquired data from the sensor network until the pressure vessel failed due to material degradation. The data collected using the three different SHM sensor technologies is planned to be evaluated individually, using data fusion, and AI. In the future, we aim to integrate the measurement setup into a hydrogen refueling station with the data stream implemented into a digital signal processing chain and a digital twin. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Acoustic emission KW - Ultrasonic guided waves KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Hydrogen KW - Pressure vessels KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Machine learning PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602764 UR - https://www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?id=29702 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60276 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Structural health monitoring of hydrogen pressure vessels using distributed fiber optic sensing N2 - We report on distributed fiber optic sensing-based monitoring of hydrogen composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) to simultaneously increase the operational lifespan and mitigate maintenance costs. Our approach represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first application of distributed fiber optic sensing for COPV Type IV monitoring, where the sensing fibers are attached to the surface, rather than integrated into the composite material. Specifically, we attach an optical fiber of 50 m to the pressure vessel's surface, covering both the cylindrical and dome sections. We note that our fiber optic sensing technique relies on swept wavelength interferometry providing strain information along the entire length of the optical fiber with high spatial resolution even at the millimeter scale. When the vessel is pressurized, the sensing optical fiber shows a linear strain response to pressure at every position along the fiber. After thousands of load cycles, the vessel finally fails with the optical fiber detecting and precisely localizing the damage in the vessel’s blind dome area. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of state-of-the-art signal processing methods and machine learning for advancing predictive maintenance. This could reduce the number of regular inspections, mitigate premature maintenance costs, and simultaneously increase the vessel’s remaining safe service life. We believe that the structural health monitoring of hydrogen pressure vessels with fiber optic sensors can enhance trust in hydrogen technology contributing to the energy transition in the future. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Composites KW - Machine learning KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602731 UR - https://www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?id=29701 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60273 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Schukar, Marcus T1 - Real-time monitoring of hydrogen composite pressure vessels using surface-applied distributed fiber optic sensors N2 - In this paper, we report to the best of our knowledge for the first time on continuous real-time monitoring of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) designed for hydrogen storage using surface-applied distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS). We conducted continuous and real-time DFOS measurements during pressure cycling tests consisting of periodic pressure fluctuations between 20 bar and 875 bar, with a rate of 5 cycles min−1. During pressure cycling, the DFOS system measured strain changes, that under normal operating conditions were linearly correlated to changes in pressure. To detect and quantify damage-related anomalies, we trained a simple regression model to predict strain from pressure data and used the difference between predicted and measured values as a damage indicator. With our approach, the DFOS system not only detected and localized the damage but also continuously tracked its evolution in real time under dynamic pressure conditions. Furthermore, unlike previous studies where optical fibers were embedded within the composite structure, we applied them on the COPV surface, reducing both implementation cost and time while eliminating the need to modify the COPV manufacturing process. Based on our results, we are confident that DFOS can enhance safety and facilitate the transition from time-consuming periodic inspections to more efficient, machine learning-based predictive maintenance. KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Hydrogen KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Pressure vessels KW - Predictive maintenance PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-627644 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/adb9ac SN - 2515-7647 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 2 EP - 10 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-62764 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -