TY - JOUR A1 - Hörold, Andreas A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Gettwert, V. A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Protecting the structural integrity of composites in fire: Intumescent coatings in the intermediate scale N2 - The fire behaviour of light-weight material used in structural applications is regarded as the main challenge to be solved for mass transportation. The task is to perform realistic experiments, including a mechanical test scenario under fully developed fires, to improve the material's reliability in structural applications. Our approach utilises an intermediate-scale test set-up (specimen size 500 × 500 mm) to apply realistic compressive loads and fully developed fires directly to one side of a carbon-fibre-reinforced sandwich composite. Three different intumescent coatings were applied to sandwich structures and compared to a bench-scale study. The results emphasise intumescent coatings as a promising method to sustain fire resistance, multiplying the time to failure. Nevertheless, the realistic intermediate-scale test using severe direct flame application underlines the extremely short failure times when the actual composite components are tested without any additional insulation. KW - Carbon-fibre-reinforced KW - Fire stability KW - High-temperature properties KW - Mechanical testing KW - Fully developed fire KW - Post-crash scenario PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684415609791 SN - 0731-6844 SN - 1530-7964 VL - 34 IS - 24 SP - 2029 EP - 2044 PB - Technomic Publ. Co. CY - Westport, Conn. AN - OPUS4-35120 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Hybrid fire testing via the substructuring method T2 - EU-US-Asia workshop on hybrid testing CY - Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy DA - 2015-10-05 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35113 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodrigues, J.P.C. A1 - Laím, L.M. A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Fire behaviour of circular concrete columns with restrained thermal elongation N2 - Most of the previous studies on reinforced concrete columns with elastically restrained thermal elongation were carried out on square, rectangular or '+'-shaped cross sections. The number of fire resistance tests on circular reinforced concrete columns with elastically restrained thermal elongation is still very small. In order to examine the influence of several parameters on the behaviour in fire of this type of columns several fire resistance tests were carried out. The parameters tested were the load and restraint level, slenderness of the column and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. In the fire resistance tests the specimens were exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire curve and the critical time (fire resistance) and temperature and failure modes were determined. The test results showed that the spalling phenomenon may occur in circular columns and so reducing its fire resistance. The increasing of the load level led to a reduction while the increasing of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio or the decreasing of the slenderness of the columns led to an increasing of their fire resistance. The restraint level might not be much relevant on the fire resistance of circular reinforced concrete columns. KW - Fire KW - Resistance KW - Concrete KW - Circular KW - Column KW - Restraining PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.12.289 SN - 1346-8014 VL - 12 IS - 9 SP - 289 EP - 298 CY - Tokyo AN - OPUS4-31611 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tornaghi, M. L. A1 - Tsionis, G. A1 - Pegon, P. A1 - Molina, J. A1 - Peroni, M. A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Tondini, N. A1 - Covi, P. A1 - Abbiati, G. A1 - Antonelli, M. A1 - Gilardi, B. T1 - Experimental study of braced steel frames subjected to fire after earthquake N2 - The EQUFIRE project aims to study the post-earthquake fire Performance of steel frame structures and is part of the Transnational Access activities of the SERA project (www.sera-eu.org) at the ELSA Reaction Wall of the European Commission - Joint Research Centre. As it has happened in many historical occasions, after an earthquake, earthquakeinduced rupture of gas piping, failure of electrical systems, etc. may trigger fire. The structural fire performance can deteriorate because the fire acts on a previously damaged structure. In addition, the earthquake may have damaged fire protection elements and the fire can spread more rapidly if compartmentation walls have failed. This is particularly relevant for steel structures as the high thermal conductivity of elements with small thickness entails quick temperature rise with consequent fast loss of strength and stiffness. EQUFIRE studied a four-storey three-bay steel frame with concentric bracings in the central bay. The structure was designed for reference peak ground acceleration equal to 0.186g, soil type B and type 1 elastic response spectrum according to Eurocode 8. Tests were performed at the ELSA Reaction Wall and at the furnace of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). The experimental activities at the ELSA Reaction Wall comprise pseudo-dynamic tests on a full-scale specimen of the first storey of the building, while the upper three storeys are numerically simulated. The aim is to study the response of the structure and fire protection elements, including their interaction, under the design earthquake and for different configurations: bare frame without fire protection, specimen with three fire protection solutions (conventional and seismic-resistant boards, and vermiculite sprayed coating) applied on the bracing and one column, and with conventional and seismic-resistant fire barrier walls built in the two external bays of the specimen. The testing programme at BAM included fire tests of five columns (two specimens without fire protection elements and three specimens with the types of fire protection mentioned above). Before the fire test, each column was subjected to a horizontal and vertical displacement history resulting from the seismic action. During the fire tests, the effect of the surrounding structure was simulated by limiting the axial thermal expansion. The experimental results will serve to study the response of structural and non-structural components to fire following earthquake scenarios, with a view to improving existing design guidelines and future standards. T2 - The 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering - 17WCEE CY - Meeting was canceled DA - 13.09.2020 KW - Fire following earthquake KW - Concentrically braced steel frames KW - Large-scale tests KW - Pseudo-dynamic testing KW - Substructuring PY - 2020 SP - 2i-0104-1 EP - 2i-0104-12 AN - OPUS4-51426 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daus, Lars-Hendrik A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Mangelsdorf, R. A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - A chain is no stronger than its weakest link: Weathering resistance of water-based intumescent coatings for steel applications N2 - A systematic approach was used to investigate the weathering-induced degradation of a common water–based intumescent coating. In this study, the coatings are intended for humid indoor applications on steel substrates. The coating contains ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, melamine, and polyvinyl acetate. By replacing each ingredient with a less water-soluble substance, the most vulnerable substances, polyvinyl acetate and pentaerythritol, were identified. Furthermore, the weathering resistance of the system was improved by exchanging the ingredients. The coatings were stressed by artificial weathering tests and evaluated by fire tests. Thermogravimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the thermal decomposition. This study lays the foundation for the development of a new generation of water-based intumescent coatings. KW - Intumescence KW - Fire resistance KW - Fire protective coatings KW - Weathering KW - Thermogravimetric analyses PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904120961064 SN - 0734-9041 SN - 1530-8049 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 72 EP - 102 PB - SAGE AN - OPUS4-52015 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hörold, Andreas A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Bünker, J. T1 - Fire stability of glass-fibre sandwich panels: The influence of core materials and flame retardants N2 - Fire resistance has become a key property for structural lightweight sandwich components in aviation, shipping, railway vehicles, and construction. The development of future composite materials and components demands adequate test procedures for simultaneous application of compression and fully developed fire. Therefore an intermediate-scale approach (specimen size = 500 mm x 500 mm) is applied with compressive loads (up to 1 MN) and direct application of a burner to one side of the specimens, as established in aviation for severe burn-through tests. The influence of different core structures (polyvinylchloride foam, polyisocyanorate foam reinforced by stitched glass bridges, and balsa wood) was investigated for glass-fibre-reinforced sandwich specimens with and without flame retardants applied on the fabrics, in the matrix, and on surface for each specimen at the same time. Times to failure were increased up to a factor of 4. The intumescent coating prolongs the time to failure significantly. What is more, using the intrinsic potential of the front skin together with the core to protect a load bearing back skin in sandwich panels, the design of the core – here using the wood core – is the most promising approach. KW - Fire resistance KW - Fire stability KW - Glass-fibre-reinforced plastics KW - Composite KW - Core materials PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.027 SN - 0263-8223 SN - 1879-1085 VL - 160 SP - 1310 EP - 1318 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-38622 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Hörold, Andreas A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Composites in fire: Intermediate-scale testing of sandwich panels and shells N2 - Intermediate-scale testing is indispensable when investigating the fire resistance under simultaneous compressive load of components made of glass- and carbon-fibre-reinforced composites (GFRP and CFRP). BAM is successfully operating an intermediate-scale test stand, developed for a specimen size of 500 mm x 500 mm (1000 mm). The fire resistance in terms of fire stability of CFRP and GFRP sandwiches are investigated, e.g. at 20 % of their compressive failure load at room temperature. Times to failure increase by up to a factor of 4 due to intumescent coatings. For GFRP sandwiches, different core structures with and without additional flame retardants show an astonishing impact on time to failure. CFRP shell structures are investigated on the intermediate scale with and without stringer reinforcements, resulting in completely different mechanical failure behaviour in the ultimate load test as opposed to the fire resistance test. The stringers become the only load-carrying part, while the shell acts as a protective layer. Thus the design exploiting this self-protection potential, i.e. the residue of the front skin protecting the load-bearing structure, is highlighted as a most promising route to enhance the fire resistance of lightweight materials. T2 - Interflam 2016 CY - Egham, Surrey, UK DA - 04.06.2016 KW - composite KW - fire stability KW - fire resistance KW - sandwich panels KW - shells KW - intermediate-scale testing PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-9933933-2-7 SN - 978-0-9933933-3-4 VL - 2 SP - 1465 EP - 1470 PB - Interscience communications AN - OPUS4-36892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred ED - Pavese, Alberto T1 - Hybrid fire testing via the substructuring method N2 - Originally introduced in the field of earthquake engineering hybrid testing, i.e. the simultaneous combined application of numerical simulation techniques and execution of experiments, is nowadays used in different areas of experimental analysis. The focus of this paper is on the presentation of the so-called substructuring method as a hybrid method in fire engineering. Motivation are EU standards for fire resistance tests of columns or beams. According to these codes building elements are considered as stand-alone elements whereas in real fires each building element interacts with its adjacent elements. Therefore, to conduct a fire test in a more realistic fashion, the concept of hybrid substructuring as a special experimental technique has been adopted to fire engineering. Due to this concept the entire building, which is exposed to a real fire, is decomposed into two parts. One part is represented by the building element under test in a special furnace, whereas the remaining building environment is simulated by a model, based on the equations of thermomechanics. The paper addresses the historical development of the substructuring method in fire engineering supplemented by presentation of the results of realized fire resistance tests in substructuring mode on different types of specimens. T2 - 7th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering CY - Pavia, Italy DA - 6 September 2017 KW - Hybrid testing PY - 2017 SN - 978-88-85701-01-4 SP - 945 EP - 947 PB - EUCENTRE Foundation CY - Pavia, Italy AN - OPUS4-45760 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Talebi, Elnaz A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Espinós, A. A1 - Hothan, Sascha ED - Albero, Vicente T1 - The effect of damage location on the performance of seismically damaged concrete filled steel tube columns at fire N2 - In this paper, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and validated to study the effect of seismic damage location on the response of concrete filled tube (CFT) columns at fire after earthquakes. Three analyses were conducted consecutively in the modelling, namely, cyclic, thermal and structural. Results of the cyclic loading analysis comprising residual deformations were applied as the Initial condition to the thermal-stress model, replicating the seismic performance of column. Following, a nonlinear sequentially coupled-thermal stress Analysis was carried out to investigate the fire response of CFT columns after the seismic event. Three damage scenarios were contemplated, considering any possible potential damages that could be generated by the earthquake loading on CFT columns. The accuracy of the proposed FE model was examined by comparing the numerical results with that of available tests on fire and cyclic loading. By means of the validated model, the performance of damaged CFT columns was then investigated under fire after earthquakes. The level of damage was assumed as a high damage level, presuming that the column reached 50% of ist lateral resistance while still maintaining its overall stability after the earthquake. The results were presented broadly, including the axial deformation history as well as the fire resistance time for CFT columns. To have a comprehensive insight on the influence of damage location in columns, the fire response of damaged specimens was compared with that of an intact one. T2 - 12th International Conference on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures (ASCCS 2018) CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 27.06. 2018 KW - Fire after earthquake KW - Concrete filled tube (CFT) column KW - Finite element model KW - Seismically damaged column KW - Damage location KW - Fire performance PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457694 SN - 978-84-9048-601-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.4995/ASCCS2018.2018.8534 SP - 835 EP - 842 PB - Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València CY - València AN - OPUS4-45769 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Talebi, Elnaz A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - The performance of concrete filled steel tube columns under postearthquake fires N2 - In this study, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and validated to investigate the response of concrete filled tube (CFT) columns subjected to post-earthquake fires. Three steps were considered successively in the modelling, namely, cyclic, thermal and structural analyses. Outputs from the cyclic loading including residual deformationswere imposed as an initial condition to the thermal-stress model, imitating the seismic response of the column. Subsequently, a nonlinear sequentially thermal-stress analysis was conducted to simulate the fire response of column after the earthquake. The proposed FE model was validated by comparing the simulation resultswith the observations of full-scale fire and cyclic tests available in the literature. The validated numericalmodelwas then used to study the behavior of CFT columns under the combined action of earthquake and fire as a multi-hazard event. Three probable seismic damage scenarios were considered in the column, namely, middle length, bottom and top end region damages. The level of damage was assumed as a high damage level, presuming that the column reached 50% of its lateral resistance while still maintaining ist overall stability after the earthquake. The results showed that the top and bottom end region damages have not significantly influence the fire response of the damaged column. Besides, the column with the middle span damage performed a lesser fire resistance time owing to the coincidence of damage location to that of onset of global buckling. KW - Post-earthquake fire KW - Concrete filled tube (CFT) column KW - Finite element analysis KW - Seismically damaged column KW - Fire resistance KW - Multi-hazard incident PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.07.013 SN - 0143-974X VL - 150 SP - 115 EP - 128 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-45813 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Anwendung der Substrukturtechnik als hybride Prüfmethode im Brandingenieurwesen N2 - In klassischen Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen wird die Tragfähigkeit eines einzelnen Tragwerkselementes (z. B. Stütze) unter Feuereinwirkung bestimmt. In realen Brandsituationen interagieren jedoch brandbeanspruchte Bauteile eines Gebäudes immer mit dem angrenzenden Tragwerk. Für eine genauere Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit werden deshalb spezielle experimentelle Methoden benötigt, die eine Interaktion zwischen geprüftem Bauteil und Tragwerk in Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen berücksichtigen. Zur Umsetzung dieses Anspruchs konnte in Kooperation mit dem Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, Italien, die bereits im Erdbebeningenieurwesen eingesetzte Substrukturmethode erfolgreich zur innovativen Nutzung des Stützenprüfofens der BAM portiert werden. Nach dieser Methode wird das gesamte Gebäude in zwei Teile zerlegt: Ein Teil entspricht dem zu prüfenden Bauteil, während der Rest des Gebäudes online durch ein analytisches oder numerisches Modell simuliert wird. Im Vortrag werden entsprechende Ergebnisse zahlreicher Experimente neben Erläuterungen zu Hard- und Software präsentiert. Abschließend werden weitere Forschungsaktivitäten des Fachbereiches Brandingenieurwesen vorgestellt. T2 - Kolloquium des Instituts für Baustatik & Konstruktion der ETH Zürich CY - ETH Zürich, Switzerland DA - 11. April 2017 KW - Feuerwiderstand KW - Hybride Versuchstechnik PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-46599 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pimienta, Pierre A1 - McNamee, Robert A1 - Robert, Fabienne A1 - Boström, Lars A1 - Huang, Shan-Shan A1 - Mróz, Katarzyna A1 - Davie, Colin A1 - Mohaine, Siyimane A1 - Alonso, Maria Cruz A1 - Bodnarova, Lenka A1 - Bosnjak, Josipa A1 - Dal Pont, Stefano A1 - Dao, Vinh A1 - Dauti, Dorjan A1 - Dehn, Frank A1 - Felicetti, Roberto A1 - Hager, Izabela A1 - Hela, Rudolf A1 - Hozjan, Tomaz A1 - Juknat, Michael A1 - Jumppanen, Ulla-Maija A1 - Kirnbauer, Johannes A1 - Kolsek, Jerneja A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Lakhani, Hitesh A1 - Lion, Maxime A1 - Lo Monte, Francesco A1 - Maluk, Cristian A1 - Meftah, Fekri A1 - Miah, Md Jihad A1 - Millard, Alain A1 - Mindeguia, Jean-Christophe A1 - Moreau, Bérénice A1 - Msaad, Yahia A1 - Ozawa, Mitsuo A1 - Pesavento, Francesco A1 - Pham, Duc Toan A1 - Pistol, Klaus A1 - Rickard, Ieuan A1 - Rodrigues, Joao Paulo Correia A1 - Roosefid, Mohsen A1 - Schneider, Martin A1 - Sharma, Umesh Kumar A1 - Sideris, Kosmas A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Weber, Benedikt A1 - Weise, Frank T1 - Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on fire spalling assessment during standardised fire resistance tests: complementary guidance and requirements N2 - The recommendation is based on the co-authors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF “Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling”. It aims to provide useful information, guidance and best practices in fire spalling assessment to laboratories that perform large-scale tests based on fire resistance test standards. It provides guidance on the spalling observation techniques during testing, as well as post-test spalling quantification/assessment methods. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire resistance test standards, e.g. EN 1363-1 and ISO 834-1. KW - Concrete KW - Fire spalling KW - Large scale tests KW - Standardised fire resistance tests PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02248-z SN - 1871-6873 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-59288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pimienta, Pierre A1 - McNamee, Robert A1 - Hager, Izabela A1 - Mróz, Katarzyna A1 - Boström, Lars A1 - Mohaine, Siyimane A1 - Huang, Shan-Shan A1 - Mindeguia, Jean-Christophe A1 - Robert, Fabienne A1 - Davie, Colin A1 - Felicetti, Roberto A1 - Miah, Md Jihad A1 - Lion, Maxime A1 - Lo Monte, Francesco A1 - Ozawa, Mitsuo A1 - Rickard, Ieuan A1 - Sideris, Kosmas A1 - Alonso, Maria Cruz A1 - Millard, Alain A1 - Jumppanen, Ulla-Maija A1 - Bodnarova, Lenka A1 - Bosnjak, Josipa A1 - Dal Pont, Stefano A1 - Dao, Vinh A1 - Dauti, Dorjan A1 - Dehn, Frank A1 - Hela, Rudolf A1 - Hozjan, Tomaz A1 - Juknat, Michael A1 - Kirnbauer, Johannes A1 - Kolsek, Jerneja A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Lakhani, Hitesh A1 - Maluk, Cristian A1 - Meftah, Fekri A1 - Moreau, Bérénice A1 - Pesavento, Francesco A1 - Pham, Duc Toan A1 - Pistol, Klaus A1 - Correia Rodrigues, Joao Paulo A1 - Roosefid, Mohsen A1 - Schneider, Martin A1 - Sharma, Umesh Kumar A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Weber, Benedikt A1 - Weise, Frank T1 - Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on the method of testing concrete spalling due to fire: material screening test N2 - The recommendation is based on the coauthors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF ‘‘Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling’’. The Committee has defined two types of screening tests for characterization of concrete propensity to fire spalling: Material screening tests and Product screening tests. Definitions of both types of tests are given in the paper. The following recommendations apply to Material screening tests. The material screening tests described in these recommendations are a set of minimum requirements to test concrete spalling propensity (for example, the minimal specimen size). This document covers the aspects of concrete characterization, specimen geometries, storage conditions, test methods and measured parameters. KW - Concrete KW - Fire Spalling KW - Screening tests KW - High temperature PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02202-z VL - 56 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred ED - Moreyra Garlock, Maria E. ED - Kodur, Venkatesh K.R. T1 - Constitutive modeling for fire engineering purposes—The challenge of modeling creep in an appropriate way N2 - The phenomenon of creep of structural steel in fire engineering is gaining more and more interest. Due to shortcomings of the EC3 constitutive model and other approaches based on classical creep theory an alternative approach mainly based on the ideas of Krempl is proposed. Due to this so-called operator approach the material as well as the constitutive model is looked upon as an operator. The application of this view serves as a guide through the analysis of the relationship between experimental facts and constitutive theory especially in the context of transient creep. T2 - 9th International Conference on Structures in Fire CY - Princeton, NJ, USA DA - 08.06.2016 KW - Fire engineering KW - Creep KW - Constitutive equation PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-60595-320-5 SP - 608 EP - 615 PB - DEStech Publications, Inc. CY - Lancaster, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-37329 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Fire stability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer shells on the intermediate-scale N2 - The fire stability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) shell structures was investigated using an intermediate-scale test setup. The shell specimens are representative of typical load-bearing CFRPs in modern civil aviation. The CFRP shell specimens were exposed to a fully developed fire with direct flame impingement to one side at a heat flux of 182 kW/m2. Specimens were simultaneously loaded with constant compressive force equal to 40% of the ultimate failure load. CFRP shells and four different fire retarding configurations, using integrated protective layers, were investigated. Unprotected CFRP specimens failed after just 27 s. Specimens with integrated protective layers with low heat conductivity and high burn-through resistance showed the most promising results. An integrated titanium foil decelerated the decomposition of the epoxy matrix and increased the time to failure by 68% compared to the unprotected CFRP shell. KW - Fire stability KW - Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) KW - Thermomechanical properties KW - Buckling KW - Fully developed fire PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.07.025 SN - 0263-8223 SN - 1879-1085 VL - 178 SP - 320 EP - 329 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-41283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Huismann, Sven A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Experimental and numerical study of high performance concrete columns subjected to fire loading T2 - Applications of Structural Fire Engineering CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-02-19 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-18738 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Huismann, Sven A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Schneider, U. ED - Kodur, V. ED - Franssen, J.-M. T1 - A material model for the numerical simulation of high strength concrete columns subjected to fire loading T2 - 6th International conference "Structures in fire" CY - East Lansing, Michigan, USA DA - 2010-06-02 KW - High performance concrete KW - Columns KW - Fire KW - High temperatures KW - Numerical modelling KW - Numerical simulation PY - 2010 SN - 978-1-60595-027-3 SP - 312 EP - 319 PB - DEStech Publications, Inc. CY - Lancaster, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-21562 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Composite Columns Made of Partially Encased Steel Sections Subjectd to Fire T2 - 6th International Conference Structures in Fire CY - East Lansing, MI, USA DA - 2010-06-02 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21715 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Renate A1 - Stopp, V. A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Proschek, P. T1 - Modified test and assessment methods for reactive fire protection systems in EN 13381-8 KW - Steel beams and columns KW - Intumescent coating KW - Dry film thickness KW - Fire resistance period KW - Stickability KW - Design temperatures PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.201010031 SN - 1867-0520 SN - 1867-0539 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 247 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-22904 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Huismann, Sven A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Experimental and numerical study of high performance concrete columns subjected to fire loading T2 - International Conference "Applications of structural fire engineering" CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-02-19 KW - High performance concrete KW - Fire KW - High temperatures KW - Columns PY - 2009 SP - 246 EP - 251 CY - Prague, Czech Republic AN - OPUS4-19048 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Huismann, Sven A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Experimental and numerical study of high performance concrete columns subjected to fire loading T2 - Applications of Structural Fire Engineering CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-02-19 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-18986 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Rodrigues, J. P. C. A1 - Correia, A. M. ED - F. Wald, ED - P. Kallerová, ED - J. Chlouba, T1 - Thermal restraint effects on the fire resistance of steel and composite steel and concrete columns T2 - International Conference - Applications of structural fire engineering CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-02-19 KW - Fire resistance KW - Thermal restraint KW - Steel columns KW - Steel-concrete columns PY - 2009 SN - 978-80-01-04266-3 SP - 512 EP - 517 CY - Prague, Czech Republic AN - OPUS4-19111 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Thermal Restraint Effects on the Fire Resistance of Steel and Composite Steel and Concrete Columns T2 - International Conference APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL FIRE ENGINEERING CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-02-19 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19093 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Thermal Restraint Effects on the Fire Resistance of Steel Composite Steel and Concrete Columns T2 - International Conference APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL FIRE ENGINEERING CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-02-19 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19094 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Renate A1 - Stopp, V. A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Proschek, P. T1 - Geändertes Prüf- und Beurteilungsverfahren für reaktive Brandschutzbeschichtungen nach ETAG 018-2 - Was unterscheidet prEN 13381-8 von ENV 13381-4? KW - Reaktive Brandschutzsysteme KW - Feuerwiderstand KW - Stahl PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dibt.200930038 SN - 1438-7778 SN - 1437-0964 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 144 EP - 148 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-20019 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Rodrigues, J.P.C. A1 - Correia, A.M. ED - Kodur, V. ED - Franssen, J.-M. T1 - Composite columns made of partially encased steel sections subjected to fire T2 - 6th International conference "Structures in fire" CY - East Lansing, Michigan, USA DA - 2010-06-02 KW - Fire resistance KW - Thermal restraint KW - Composite steel-concrete columns KW - Substructuring method KW - Restraining frame PY - 2010 SN - 978-1-60595-027-3 SP - 341 EP - 348 PB - DEStech Publications, Inc. CY - Lancaster, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-22482 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hauswaldt, Sebastian A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - A constitutive model for use in finite element simulations in structural fire design T2 - 11th International symposium on fire protection CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2010-06-08 KW - Steel KW - Fire KW - Constitutive model KW - Eurocode KW - Creep KW - Finite element simulation KW - ABAQUS KW - UMAT KW - Deformation theory of plasticity PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 9(?) AN - OPUS4-22683 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred ED - Wald, F. ED - Horová, K. ED - Jirku, J. T1 - Constitutive equations for structural steel subjected to fire - some remarks N2 - Although identified on the basis of so-called instationaiy creep-tests the constifrvtive model of Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-2, 2010) - hereinafter refened to as EC3 - represents a non-linear rateindependent relationship between stress and meclianical strain. I.e. the experimentally observed phenomenou of creep at constant stress but linear time varying temperature is described only through the temperature dependence of the material parameters characterizing the EC3 constitutive model. As a consequence some important phenomena cannot properly be described: E.g. creep or relaxation at constant temperature, creep or relaxation at non-monotonic temperature rates or sensitivity of the instationary creep process on the temperatme rate. T2 - International conference 'Applications of structural fire engineering' CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 29.04.2011 KW - Constitutive equation KW - Thermal strain KW - Steel KW - Fire KW - Creep PY - 2011 SN - 978-80-01-04798-9 SP - 79 EP - 83 AN - OPUS4-23711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Constitutive Equations for Structural Steel Subjected to Fire - Some Remarks T2 - International Conference APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL FIRE ENGINEERING 2011 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2011-04-29 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23653 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Huismann, Sven A1 - Rodrigues, J.P.C. A1 - Korzen, Manfred ED - Joao Paulo Correia Rodrigues, ED - Gabriel Alexander Khoury, ED - Niel Peter Hoj, T1 - Damage and strength reduction of a high performance concrete due to thermomechanical stresses T2 - International Workshop "Fire Design of Condrete Structures - from materials modelling to structural performance" CY - Coimbra, Portugal DA - 2007-11-08 KW - High-performance concrete (HPC) KW - Compressive strength KW - Thermal cracking KW - Thermo mechanical stresses KW - Ultrasonic testing PY - 2008 SP - 141 EP - 148 AN - OPUS4-18174 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Some Remarks on the Substructuring Method Applied to Fire Resistance Tests of Columns T2 - IAHS World Congress on Housing CY - Coimbra, Portugal DA - 2002-09-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6541 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Substrukturtechnik als hybride Methode zur wirklichkeitsnäheren mechanischen Belastung von Bauteilen in Brandversuchen T2 - Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (GAMM) CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 1998-04-09 PY - 1998 AN - OPUS4-6735 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Substrukturtechnik: Eine hybride experimentelle Methode im Ingenieurwesen T2 - Seminar Statik und Dynamik von Konstruktionen TU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1997-02-07 PY - 1997 AN - OPUS4-6736 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Einsatz des Visualisierungsprogramms GRAPE während Brandversuchen T2 - Uni Bonn Institut für Angewandte Mathematik CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 1996-04-29 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-6738 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Echtzeit-3-d-Visualisierung von Oberflächentemperaturfeldern T2 - SGI-Usergroup-Treffen auf der CeBit CY - Hanover, Germany DA - 1996-03-19 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-6740 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Realtime 3-d visualization of surface temperature fields measured by thermocouples on steel structures in fire engineering T2 - International Symposium Local Strain and Temperature Measurements in Non-Uniform Fields at High Temperatures CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1996-03-15 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-6743 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Ein thermo-inelastisches Werkstoffmodell für Baustahl im Raum- und Hochtemperaturbereich T2 - Jahrestagung der GAMM CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 1994-04-08 PY - 1994 AN - OPUS4-6746 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Isotrope nichtlineare Viskoelastizität mit Hilfe von Maßstabsfunktionen der Gedächtnisspannung T2 - Jahrestagung der GAMM CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 1993-04-16 PY - 1993 AN - OPUS4-6748 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - A viscoelastic-plastic model of material behavior T2 - Seminar Kontinuumsmechanik der festn Körper Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach CY - Oberwolfach, Germany DA - 1990-03-27 PY - 1990 AN - OPUS4-6750 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Constitutive equations of viscoplasticity - comparative representation and discussion T2 - Workshop der DFG-Forschergruppe Ingenieurwissenschaftliche und mathematische Analyse bruchmechanischer und inelastischer Probleme, Pfalzakademie Lambrecht CY - Lambrecht, Germany DA - 1990-01-30 PY - 1990 AN - OPUS4-6752 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Über eine Materialgleichung vom viskoelastisch-plastischen Typ T2 - Jahrestagung der GAMM CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 1987-04-14 PY - 1987 AN - OPUS4-6765 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Verfestigungmodelle der Plastizitätstheorie in funktionaler Darstellung T2 - Jahrestagung der GAMM CY - Dortmund, Germany DA - 1986-04-01 PY - 1986 AN - OPUS4-6766 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Notes sur un nouveau modèle de matériau représentant un comportement viscoélastique-plastique T2 - Office Natioal d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA) CY - Paris, France DA - 1985-09-27 PY - 1985 AN - OPUS4-6769 LA - fra AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Nouvelle théorie endochronique (VALANIS 1978) au cas unidimensionnel T2 - ONERA CY - Paris, France DA - 1985-06-25 PY - 1985 AN - OPUS4-6771 LA - fra AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Fast data assimilation in fire tests of steel columns T2 - 4th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics ICIAM 99 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland DA - 1999-07-05 PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-6727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Mechanical loading of columns in fire tests by means of the substructuring method T2 - 8th International Conference on Fire Science & Engineering interflam 99 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland DA - 1999-07-01 PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-6730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - A numerical model for the integration of a viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model T2 - Second International Conference on Computational Plasticity COMPLAS II CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 1989-09-19 PY - 1989 AN - OPUS4-6755 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Über nichtlineare Viskoelastizität auf der Grundlage von Maßstabsfunktionen T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Rheologischen Gesellschaft CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 1989-04-19 PY - 1989 AN - OPUS4-6757 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Zur Beschreibung des Ratchetting-Effektes T2 - Jahrestagung der GAMM CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 1989-03-31 PY - 1989 AN - OPUS4-6760 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - A new constitutive model for the phenomenological representation of rate-dependent and rate-independent material behavoir T2 - International Seminar on the Inelastic Behavoir of Solids: Models and Utilization CY - Besancon, France DA - 1988-08-30 PY - 1988 AN - OPUS4-6763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - On the influence of strain rate on the stress-strain behavior of structural steel at room and elevated temperature and its relationship to fire engineering T2 - Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST) CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 2001-03-29 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-6721 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -