TY - JOUR A1 - Afantitis, A. A1 - Melagraki, G. A1 - Isigonis, P. A1 - Tsoumanis, A. A1 - Varsou, D. D. A1 - Valsami-Jones, E. A1 - Papadiamantis, A. A1 - Ellis, L.-J. A. A1 - Sarimveis, H. A1 - Doganis, P. A1 - Karatzas, P. A1 - Tsiros, P. A1 - Liampa, I. A1 - Lobaskin, V. A1 - Greco, D. A1 - Serra, A. A1 - Kinaret, P. A. S. A1 - Saarimäki, L. A. A1 - Grafström, R. A1 - Kohonen, P. A1 - Nymark, P. A1 - Willighagen, E. A1 - Puzyn, T. A1 - Rybinska-Fryca, A. A1 - Lyubartsev, A. A1 - Jensen, K. A. A1 - Brandenburg, J. G. A1 - Lofts, S. A1 - Svendsen, C. A1 - Harrison, S. A1 - Maier, D. A1 - Tamm, K. A1 - Jänes, J. A1 - Sikk, L. A1 - Dusinska, M. A1 - Longhin, E. A1 - Rundén-Pran, E. A1 - Mariussen, E. A1 - El Yamani, N. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Tropsha, A. A1 - Cohen, Y. A1 - Lesczynski, J. A1 - Hendren, C. O. A1 - Wiesner, M. A1 - Winkler, D. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Yoon, T. H. A1 - Choi, J.-S. A1 - Sanabria, N. A1 - Gulumian, M. A1 - Lynch, I. T1 - NanoSolveIT Project: Driving nanoinformatics research to develop innovative and integrated tools for in silico nanosafety assessment JF - Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal N2 - Nanotechnology has enabled the discovery of a multitude of novel materials exhibiting unique physicochemical (PChem) properties compared to their bulk analogues. These properties have led to a rapidly increasing range of commercial applications; this, however, may come at a cost, if an association to long-term health and environmental risks is discovered or even just perceived. Many nanomaterials (NMs) have not yet had their potential adverse biological effects fully assessed, due to costs and time constraints associated with the experimental assessment, frequently involving animals. Here, the available NM libraries are analyzed for their suitability for integration with novel nanoinformatics approaches and for the development of NM specific Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) for human and environmental risk assessment, all within the NanoSolveIT cloud-platform. These established and well-characterized NM libraries (e.g. NanoMILE, NanoSolutions, NANoREG, NanoFASE, caLIBRAte, NanoTEST and the Nanomaterial Registry (>2000 NMs)) contain physicochemical characterization data as well as data for several relevant biological endpoints, assessed in part using harmonized Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) methods and test guidelines. Integration of such extensive NM information sources with the latest nanoinformatics methods will allow NanoSolveIT to model the relationships between NM structure (morphology), properties and their adverse effects and to predict the effects of other NMs for which less data is available. The project specifically addresses the needs of regulatory agencies and industry to effectively and rapidly evaluate the exposure, NM hazard and risk from nanomaterials and nano-enabled products, enabling implementation of computational ‘safe-by-design’ approaches to facilitate NM commercialization. KW - Nanoinformatics KW - Hazard assessment KW - (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships KW - Safe-by-design KW - Predictive modelling PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505952 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.023 VL - 18 SP - 583 EP - 602 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-50595 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, W. A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Wannek, C. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Scholta, J. A1 - Lehnert, W. A1 - Banhart, J. A1 - Stolten, D. T1 - In-situ synchrotron X-ray radiography on high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells JF - Electrochemistry communications N2 - In contrast to classical low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (LT-PEFCs), the membrane conductivity in high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) (operating temperature ~ 160 °C) is based on proton transport within phosphorus-oxygen acids at different levels of hydration, orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) being the simplest example. We present for the first time in-situ synchrotron X-ray radiography measurements applied to a HT-PEFC to gain insight into the local composition of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) under dynamic operating conditions. Transmission changes during the radiographic measurements exhibit a clear influence of the formation of product water on the membrane composition. KW - HT-PEFC KW - Synchrotron x-ray radiography KW - Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) KW - Phosphoric acid PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2010.08.002 SN - 1388-2481 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 1436 EP - 1438 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-23962 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziesche, R.F. A1 - Hack, J. A1 - Rasha, L. A1 - Maier, M. A1 - Tan, C. A1 - Heenan, T.M.M. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Kockelmann, W. A1 - Brett, D.J.L. A1 - Shearing, P.R. T1 - High-speed 4D neutron computed tomography for quantifying water dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells JF - Nature Communications N2 - In recent years, low-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells have become an increasingly important pillar in a zero-carbon strategy for curbing climate change, with their potential to power multiscale stationary and mobile applications. The performance improvement is a particular focus of research and engineering roadmaps, with water management being one of the major areas of interest for development. Appropriate characterisation tools for mapping the evolution, motion and removal of water are of high importance to tackle shortcomings. This article demonstrates the development of a 4D high-speed neutron imaging technique, which enables a quantitative analysis of the local water evolution. 4D visualisation allows the time-resolved studies of droplet formation in the flow fields and water quantification in various cell parts. Performance parameters for water management are identified that offer a method of cell classification, which will, in turn, support computer modelling and the engineering of next-generation flow field designs. KW - Neutron imaging KW - Tomography KW - Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545978 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29313-5 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 1616 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London AN - OPUS4-54597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boyraz, B. A1 - Saatz, Jessica A1 - Pompös, I.-M. A1 - Gad, Michel A1 - Dernedde, J. A1 - Maier, A.-M. B. A1 - Moscovitz, O. A1 - Seeberger, P. H. A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Tauber, R. T1 - Imaging Keratan Sulfate in Ocular Tissue Sections by Immunofluorescence Microscopy and LA-ICP-MS JF - ACS Applied Bio Materials N2 - Carbohydrate-specific antibodies can serve as valuable tools to monitor alterations in the extracellular matrix resulting from pathologies. Here, the keratan sulfate-specific monoclonal antibody MZ15 was characterized in more detail by immunofluorescence microscopy as well as laser ablation ICP-MS using tissue cryosections and paraffin-embedded samples. Pretreatment with keratanase II prevented staining of samples and therefore demonstrated efficient enzymatic keratan sulfate degradation. Random fluorescent labeling and site-directed introduction of a metal cage into MZ15 were successful and allowed for a highly sensitive detection of the keratan sulfate landscape in the corneal stroma from rats and human tissue. KW - Laser ablation KW - Imaging KW - Glycosaminoglycan KW - ICP-MS KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Tissue PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.1c01240 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 853 EP - 861 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington AN - OPUS4-54341 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glushko, O. A1 - Funk, A. A1 - Maier-Kiener, A. A1 - Kraker, P. A1 - Krautz, M. A1 - Eckert, J. A1 - Waske, Anja T1 - Mechanical properties of the magnetocaloric intermetallic LaFe11.2Si1.8 alloy at different length scales JF - Acta materialia N2 - In this work the global and local mechanical properties of the magnetocaloric intermetallic LaFe11.2Si1.8 alloy are investigated by a combination of different testing and characterization techniques in order to shed light on the partly contradictory data in recent literature. Macroscale compression tests were performed to illuminate the global fracture behavior and evaluate it statistically. LaFe11.2Si1.8 demonstrates a brittle behavior with fracture strains below 0.6% and widely distributed fracture stresses of 180–620 MPa leading to a Weibull modulus of m = 2 to 6. The local mechanical properties, such as hardness and Young's modulus, of the main and secondary phases are examined by nanoindentation and Vickers microhardness tests. An intrinsic strength of the main magnetocaloric phase of at least 2 GPa is estimated. The significantly lower values obtained by compression tests are attributed to the detrimental effect of pores, microcracks, and secondary phases. Microscopic examination of indentation-induced cracks reveals that ductile α-Fe precipitates act as crack arrestors whereas pre-existing cracks at La-rich precipitates provide numerous ‘weak links’ for the initiation of catastrophic fracture. The presented systematic study extends the understanding of the mechanical reliability of La(Fe, Si)13 alloys by revealing the correlations between the mechanical behavior of macroscopic multi-phase samples and the local mechanical properties of the single phases KW - Nanoindentation KW - Compression test KW - Brittle fracture KW - Mechanical properties KW - Magnetocaloric effect PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.11.038 SN - 1359-6454 SN - 1873-2453 VL - 165 SP - 40 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-47306 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Svetlov, I. L. A1 - Epishin, A. I. A1 - Petrushin, N. V. A1 - Gerstein, G. A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Maier, H. J. T1 - Creep of Directionally Solidified Eutectics Ni/Ni3 Al–NbC under Thermal Cycling JF - Inorganic Materials: Applied research N2 - A nickel-based eutectic alloy with a γ/γ'-NbC structure was directionally solidified with a planar front. The specimens were tested for creep under sawtooth thermal cycling in the temperature range from 600 to 1100°C. It has been established that the lifetime under the conditions of thermal cycling is about five times shorter than it is predicted by the linear damage accumulation rule on the basis of results of isothermal creep tests. Faster creep under thermal cycling is caused by the rapid coarsening of the γ/γ' microstructure due to the periodic partial dissolution and reprecipitation of the γ' phase in heating and cooling half-cycles. KW - High temperature nickel-based eutectic alloys KW - γ/γ' matrix KW - Carbide phase NbC KW - In-situ composites KW - Creep under thermal cycling PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113322040347 SN - 2075-1133 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 1099 EP - 1108 PB - Springer Science + Business Media CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-55163 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Epishin, A. A1 - Petrushin, N. A1 - Gerstein, G. A1 - Maier, J. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Investigation of the gamma'-strengthened quaternary co-based alloys Co-Al-W-Ta JF - Metallurgical and materials transactions A N2 - The alloying system Co-Al-W-Ta is comprehensively investigated in the vicinity of the compositional point Co-9Al-10W-2Ta, at. pct. These investigations provided a large amount of quantitative information, which can be used for alloy development, namely, the compositional dependences of the The alloying system Co-Al-W-Ta is comprehensively investigated in the vicinity of the compositional point Co-9Al-10W-2Ta, at. pct. These investigations provided a large amount of quantitative information, which can be used for alloy development, namely, the compositional dependences of the γ‘-solvus, solidus, and liquidus temperatures; fraction of the extrinsic phases after casting; the compositional dependence of the γ/γ‘-lattice misfit; the element partitioning between γ- and γ‘-phases; and the two Phase compositional area γ/γ‘ in the Co-rich part of the Co-Al-W-Ta phase diagram at 900°C. It is shown that additions of Ta elevate the γ‘-solvus temperature and increase the γ/γ‘-lattice misfit, but adding more than about 3 at. pct Ta results in a large amount of undissolvable extrinsic phases. Additionally, two Co-Al-W-Ta alloys with lower content of W were developed and solidified as [001] single crystals for mechanical testing in a temperature range between 20 and 1200°C. These tests included measurement of the Young modulus, tensile tests with constant strain rate, and stress rupture tests. It was found that at temperatures up to about 750°C the ultimate tensile strength of Co-Al-Ta-W alloys can be at the same level or even higher than of Ni-based superalloys. KW - Cobald based alloy KW - Microstructur KW - Segregation PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4756-3 SN - 1543-1940 SN - 1073-5623 VL - 49A IS - 9 SP - 4042 EP - 4057 PB - Springer Sciences & Business Media CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-45395 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Jungnickel, H. A1 - Tentschert, J. A1 - Luch, A. A1 - Sogne, V. A1 - Maier, F. A1 - Burr, L. A1 - Schmid, D. A1 - Yoon, T.-H. A1 - Petters, R. A1 - Briffa, S.M. A1 - Valsami-Jones, E. T1 - Automation and Standardization—A Coupled Approach Towards Reproducible Sample Preparation Protocols for Nanomaterial Analysis JF - Molecules N2 - Whereas the characterization of nanomaterials using different analytical techniques is often highly automated and standardized, the sample preparation that precedes it causes a bottleneck in nanomaterial analysis as it is performed manually. Usually, this pretreatment depends on the skills and experience of the analysts. Furthermore, adequate reporting of the sample preparation is often missing. In this overview, some solutions for techniques widely used in nano-analytics to overcome this problem are discussed. Two examples of sample preparation optimization by au-tomation are presented, which demonstrate that this approach is leading to increased analytical confidence. Our first example is motivated by the need to exclude human bias and focuses on the development of automation in sample introduction. To this end, a robotic system has been de-veloped, which can prepare stable and homogeneous nanomaterial suspensions amenable to a variety of well-established analytical methods, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field-flow fractionation (FFF) or single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). Our second example addresses biological samples, such as cells exposed to nanomaterials, which are still challenging for reliable analysis. An air–liquid interface has been developed for the exposure of biological samples to nanomaterial-containing aerosols. The system exposes transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids under reproducible conditions, whilst also allowing characterization of aerosol composition with mass spectrometry. Such an approach enables correlative measurements combining biological with physicochemical analysis. These case studies demonstrate that standardization and automation of sample preparation setups, combined with appropriate measurement processes and data reduction are crucial steps towards more reliable and reproducible data. KW - Sample preparation KW - Automation KW - Nanomaterial analysis KW - Standardization PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543988 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030985 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-54398 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wüstenberg, Hermann A1 - Hübschen, G. A1 - Maier, H.-J. T1 - US - Testing from outside in nozzle geometries (computerized scanning patterns) T2 - Japanese-German joint seminar on structural strength and NDE problems in nuclear engineering T2 - 3rd Japanese-German joint seminar on structural strength and NDE problems in nuclear engineering CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 1985-08-29 PY - 1985 SP - 1 EP - 24 AN - OPUS4-34235 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wüstenberg, Hermann A1 - Nimtz, H. A1 - Neiss, G. A1 - Berg, H. A1 - Maier, H.-J. T1 - Nondestructive inspection of nozzle inner corner at boiling water reactor pressure vessels with ultrasonic-flaw detection and crack depth determination JF - Nuclear engineering and design PY - 1985 SN - 0029-5493 SN - 1872-759X VL - 87 SP - 175 EP - 184 PB - North-Holland Publ. Co. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-34237 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -