TY - CHAP A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Bevilacqua, A. A1 - Carlsen, B. A1 - Chiguer, M. A1 - González-Espartero, A. A1 - Grahn, P. A1 - Saegusa, T. A1 - Sampson, M. A1 - Seelev, I. A1 - Wasinger, K. A1 - Waters, M. ED - González-Espartero (IAEA), A. T1 - Storing spent fuel until transport to reprocessing or disposal N2 - Spent fuel storage periods well beyond those originally foreseen are a reality. This publication offers several ideas and approaches that may be considered to address the increasingly longer storage times. The aim is to raise awareness, encourage dialogue and provide ideas on how to manage spent fuel. Key messages include the following: - Delays in reprocessing or disposal could result in spent fuel being stored for 100 years or longer. Safe, secure and effective storage of spent fuel manages fuel degradation while preserving future fuel cycle options. - Ageing management programmes apply engineering, operations and maintenance actions to ensure safety is maintained during storage, future handling and transport. - Site selection and facility and equipment design can significantly reduce the risks and costs of spent fuel storage over longer periods. - Spent fuel storage configurations can be selected to accommodate uncertain storage periods, to facilitate ageing management and to provide flexibility needed to accommodate the uncertainty of future end points, such as reprocessing or disposal. - By considering multiple licence renewals, regulatory frameworks can be designed to ensure safe storage until an acceptable end point is achieved. - Safety can be assured by maintaining shielding, containment, decay heat removal and criticality control. Navigating the complexity of societal beliefs and values, as well as political systems, has proven to be a greater challenge for the management of spent fuel than maintaining its safety and security or addressing the technical and economic aspects. - Sustainable spent fuel management requires policies and strategies to provide a clear, consistent and stable direction because they drive the need for spent fuel storage as well as the available options and timing for achieving an acceptable end point. Unless States address spent fuel reprocessing and disposal on a sufficient scale to accommodate their spent fuel discharges, then storage for longer and longer periods becomes the de facto end point — which is not considered to be consistent with the responsibility to protect human health and the environment. An effective, periodic licence renewal process can ensure effective ageing management and strong institutional control. Hence, spent fuel can be safely and securely stored for as long as it may be necessary until transport for reprocessing or disposal. However, the risks and costs of storing the growing inventory of spent fuel will continue to increase; and in the absence of an end point, it will eventually become a significant societal burden. KW - Storing spent fuel KW - Extended storing KW - Unknown storage duration PY - 2019 UR - https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/P1846_web.pdf SN - 978-92-0-100719-3 SN - 1995-7807 SP - 1 EP - 54 PB - IAEA Publishing Section CY - Wien, Austria AN - OPUS4-47693 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoch, H. A1 - Wessel, A. A1 - Asche, M. A1 - Baum, D. A1 - Beckmann, F. A1 - Bräunig, P. A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Mühlethaler, R. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Stelbrink, B. A1 - Wachmann, E. A1 - Weintraub, P. A1 - Wipfler, B. A1 - Wolff, C. A1 - Zilch, M. T1 - Non-sexual abdominal appendages in adult insects challenge a 300 million year old bauplan N2 - Despite their enormous diversity, the bauplan of adult winged insects (pterygotes) is remarkably conservative since the Lower Devonian: a five-segmented head, a three-segmented thorax with three pairs of walking legs and an eleven-segmented abdomen without any non-sexual appendages 1 and 2. The only known exceptions are the abdominal appendages of adult male sepsid flies on the fourth segment; however, these are also used as copulatory organs and are supposedly maintained through sexual selection [3]. Here, we report a rod-like paired appendage from the third and fourth abdominal segments in adults of the Southeast-Asian Hemiptera taxon Bennini (Figure 1A,B; Supplemental information). These are fully musculated, innervated, and movable and bear highly organized sensory and secretory units. The appendages, termed LASSO (lateral abdominal sensory and secretory organs), are consistent in topology and structure in all species studied and not sexually dimorphic. The existence of these non-sexual abdominal appendages reveals the potential of the 300 million year old conserved bauplan of insects. KW - CT KW - Bauplan KW - Adult insects KW - Abdominal appendages PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.040 SN - 0960-9822 SN - 1879-0445 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - R16 EP - R17 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge, Mass. AN - OPUS4-30034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolmangadi, Mohamed Aejaz A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Zorn, R. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Wolff, M. A1 - Zamponi, M. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Molecular mobility in high-performance polynorbornenes:A combined broadband dielectric, advanced calorimetry,and neutron scattering investigation N2 - The molecular dynamics of two addition type polynorbornenes, exo-PNBSiand PTCNSi1, bearing microporosity has been investigated by broadbanddielectric spectroscopy, fast scanning calorimetry, and neutron scattering. Bothpolymers have the same side groups but different backbones. Due to theirfavorable transport properties, these polymers have potential applications inseparation membranes for gases. It is established in literature that molecularfluctuations are important for the diffusion of small molecules through poly-mers. For exo-PNBSi, two dielectric processes are observed, which are assignedto Maxwell/Wagner/Sillars (MWS) process due to blocking of charge carriersat internal voids or pore walls. For PTCNSi1, one MWS-polarization process isfound. This points to a bimodal pore-size distribution for exo-PNBSi. A glasstransition for exo-PNBSi and for PTCNSi1 could be evidenced for the first timeusing fast scanning calorimetry. For Tgand the corresponding apparent activa-tion energy, higher values were found for PTCNSi1 compared to exo-PNBSi.For both polymers, the neutron scattering data reveal one relaxation process.This process is mainly assigned to methyl group rotation probably overlayedby carbon–carbon torsional fluctuations. KW - Advanced calorimetry KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Neutron scattering KW - Polynorbornenes PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547086 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.25995 SN - 0032-3888 VL - 62 IS - 7 SP - 2143 EP - 2155 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-54708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Raupach, M. A1 - Mietz, Jürgen A1 - Nürnberger, U. A1 - Wolff, L. A1 - Bruns, M. A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Eich, Gerd A1 - Menzel, K. T1 - Entwicklung eines kombinierten Schutzsystems für chloridbelastete Betonflächen aus Spritzverzinkung mit abdichtender Beschichtung (Abschlussbericht, AiF 12 818 N/2) N2 - Die Zielsetzung dieses Projektes war es, ein kombiniertes Schutzsystem aus Spritzverzinkung und abdichtendem Oberflächenschutzsystem für die Instandsetzung chloridbelasteter und korrosionsgeschädigter Stahlbetonbauteile zu entwickeln. Dabei soll die Spritzverzinkung der Betonoberfläche in den ersten Jahren nach der Instandsetzung einen kathodischen Korrosionsschutz der Bewehrung bewirken, bis der Beton infolge des Oberflächenschutzsystems soweit ausgetrocknet ist, dass auch ohne kathodischen Schutz praktisch keine Korrosion der Bewehrung mehr stattfinden kann. Anhand von Untersuchungen zur Haftung zwischen Beton, Zinkschicht und verschiedenen Oberflächenschutzsystemen wurde der Aufbau des kombinierten Schutzsystems entwickelt. Es wurden verschiedene OS-11a-Systeme ein OS-13-System sowie zwei Systeme nach ZTV-ING, Teil 7 vor und nach künstlicher Bewitterung untersucht. Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde für das kombinierte System ein OS-11a-System ausgewählt und im weiteren hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit des kathodischen Schutzes sowie hinsichtlich der Austrocknung des Betons untersucht. Es zeigte sich sowohl an ausgelagerten Prüfköpfen sowie auf einer angelegten Versuchsfläche auf Freideck eines Parkhauses, dass ein wirksamer galvanischer kathodischer Korrosionsschutz der Bewehrung nur bei sehr hohen Chloridgehalten (4 M.-% bezogen auf den Zementgehalt) erreicht werden kann. Bei geringeren untersuchten Chloridgehalten kam es vermutlich infolge der Austrocknung der Zink/Beton-Kontaktzone nach relativ kurzer Zeit zu einer Inaktivierung des Zinks. Bei Chloridgehalten von 4 M.-% bildeten sich zwischen der Zinkschicht und dem ausgewählten OS-System gasgefüllte Blasen. Diese Problematik, sowie die Tatsache dass die Wirksamkeit des Prinzips W (Austrocknung des Betons) bei derart hohen Chloridgehalten bezweifelt werden muss, grenzt die Anwendbarkeit des Kombinationssystems mit der Zinkschicht als Opferanode deutlich ein. An neun Jahre alten, ausgelagerten Prüfköpfen durchgeführte Untersuchungen zeigten jedoch, dass mittels Fremdstrombeaufschlagung zwischen Zinkschicht und Bewehrung ein wirksamer kathodischer Schutz auch bei geringeren Chloridgehalten erreicht werden kann. Der Einsatz des entwickelten Kombinationssystems mit Fremdstrombeaufschlagung erscheint somit durchaus durchführbar. Dabei sollte der Fremdstrom jedoch vorsichtig dosiert werden, um den Haftverbund zum Zink nicht zu sehr zu schwächen. Das Ziel des Vorhabens wurde somit erreicht. KW - Chlorinduzierte Korrosion KW - Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz KW - Oberflächenschutzsystem KW - Stahlbeton KW - Thermische Spritzverzinkung PY - 2004 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-355176 SP - 1 EP - 122 PB - IBAC Institut für Bauforschung CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-35517 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Maultzsch, Matthias A1 - Wolff, L. A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Raupach, M. ED - Maultzsch, M. T1 - Long-term performance of surface protection systems for concrete T2 - 11th International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC `04) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-06-02 KW - Surface protection system KW - Concrete KW - Weathering KW - Water uptake KW - Freezethaw resistance KW - Chloride ingress KW - Carbonation KW - Hydrophobic treatment PY - 2004 SN - 3-00-013706-8 SP - 417 EP - 428 PB - BAM CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-3602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Kanngießer, B. A1 - Wilke, M. A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Nektat, B. A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Erko, A. T1 - Influence of Restoration Treatments on Ink Corroded Manuscripts KW - Synchrotron infrared radiation KW - FTIR KW - Organic materials KW - Archaeometry KW - Cultural heritage PY - 2005 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2004.pdf#page=361 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 361 EP - 363 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-7415 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Wilke, M. A1 - Nekat, B. A1 - Kanngießer, B. A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Erko, A. T1 - Monitoring of restoration treatments by means of micro-XRF in combination with micro-XANES T2 - 9th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13770 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Wilke, M. A1 - Nekat, B. A1 - Kanngießer, B. A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Erko, A. T1 - Monitoring of restoration treatments by means of micro-XRF in combination with micro-XANES T2 - Workshop Synchrotron Radiation in Art and Archeology CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-27 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13771 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mantouvalou, I. A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Lühl, Lars A1 - Pagels, M. A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Kanngiesser, B. T1 - 3D Micro-XRF for cultural heritage objects: new analysis strategies for the investigation of the Dead Sea scrolls N2 - A combination of 3D micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (3D micro-XRF) and micro-XRF was utilized for the investigation of a small collection of highly heterogeneous, partly degraded Dead Sea Scroll parchment samples from known excavation sites. The quantitative combination of the two techniques proves to be suitable for the identification of reliable marker elements which may be used for classification and provenance studies. With 3D micro-XRF, the three-dimensional nature, i.e. the depth-resolved elemental composition as well as density variations, of the samples was investigated and bromine could be identified as a suitable marker element. It is shown through a comparison of quantitative and semiquantitative values for the bromine content derived using both techniques that, for elements which are homogeneously distributed in the sample matrix, quantification with micro-XRF using a one-layer model is feasible. Thus, the possibility for routine provenance studies using portable micro-XRF instrumentation on a vast amount of samples, even on site, is obtained through this work. KW - Archaeometry KW - 3D X-ray spectroscopy PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac2011262 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 83 IS - 16 SP - 6308 EP - 6315 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-25209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, G. A1 - Ketelsen, T. A1 - Hoss, M. A1 - Simon, O. A1 - Wintermann, C. A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - The Egmont master phenomenon: X-ray fluorescence spectrometric and paper studies for art history research N2 - The aim of the research project 'Typology of Dutch Drawing' was to establish an interdisciplinary approach for investigating heterogeneous drawing collections. To define a type common to a group of drawings, we determine elements that are common to them based on style and the use of identical materials. To that end, we investigated about 750 Dutch drawings from the sixteenth century at the Dresden Kupferstich-Kabinett using art historical and scientific methods. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of 30 drawings ascribed to the Egmont Master. KW - Archeometry KW - Fine arts KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Paper analysis KW - X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) KW - Reference materials PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5309-4 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 402 IS - 4 SP - 1505 EP - 1515 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25510 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -