TY - JOUR A1 - Doublet, V. A1 - Poeschl, Y. A1 - Gogol-Döring, A. A1 - Alaux, C. A1 - Annoscia, D. A1 - Aurori, C. A1 - Barribeau, S. M. A1 - Bedoya-Reina, O. C. A1 - Brown, M. J. F. A1 - Bull, J. C. A1 - Flenniken, M. L. A1 - Galbraith, D. A. A1 - Genersch, E. A1 - Gisder, S. A1 - Grosse, I. A1 - Holt, H. L. A1 - Hultmark, D. A1 - Lattorff, H. M. G. A1 - Le Conte, Y. A1 - Manfredini, F. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Moritz, R. F. A. A1 - Nazzi, F. A1 - Niño, E. L. A1 - Nowick, K. A1 - Van Rij, R. P. A1 - Paxton, R. J. A1 - Grozinger, C. M. T1 - Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens N2 - Background: Organisms typically face infection by diverse pathogens, and hosts are thought to have developed specific responses to each type of pathogen they encounter. The advent of transcriptomics now makes it possible to test this hypothesis and compare host gene expression responses to multiple pathogens at a genome-wide scale. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of multiple published and new transcriptomes using a newly developed bioinformatics approach that filters genes based on their expression profile across datasets. Thereby, we identified common and unique molecular responses of a model host species, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to its major pathogens and parasites: the Microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, RNA viruses, and the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, which transmits viruses. Results: We identified a common suite of genes and conserved molecular pathways that respond to all investigated pathogens, a result that suggests a commonality in response mechanisms to diverse pathogens. We found that genes differentially expressed after infection exhibit a higher evolutionary rate than non-differentially expressed genes. Using our new bioinformatics approach, we unveiled additional pathogen-specific responses of honey bees; we found that apoptosis appeared to be an important response following microsporidian infection, while genes from the immune signalling pathways, Toll and Imd, were differentially expressed after Varroa/virus infection. Finally, we applied our bioinformatics approach and generated a gene co-expression network to identify highly connected (hub) genes that may represent important mediators and regulators of anti-pathogen responses. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis generated a comprehensive overview of the host metabolic and other biological processes that mediate interactions between insects and their pathogens. We identified key host genes and pathways that respond to phylogenetically diverse pathogens, representing an important source for future functional studies as well as offering new routes to identify or generate pathogen resilient honey bee stocks. The statistical and bioinformatics approaches that were developed for this study are broadly applicable to synthesize information across transcriptomic datasets. These approaches will likely have utility in addressing a variety of biological questions. KW - Coexpression KW - Apis mellifera KW - Nosema KW - Varroa destructor KW - DWV KW - IAPV KW - RNA virus KW - Meta-analysis KW - Transcriptomics PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-410439 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3597-6 SN - 1471-2164 VL - 18 SP - 207 EP - 224 AN - OPUS4-41043 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Breidung, Marc A1 - Wossidlo, Peter A1 - Wahl, Ken A1 - Gerwien, Peter A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Küppers, M. ED - Zimmermann, Martina T1 - Gezielte Werkstoffprüfung zur fail-safe-Bauteilauslegung am Beispiel eines Achsschenkels N2 - Bei der Auslegung von Achsschenkeln für Nutzfahrzeuge wird für den Überlastfall ein fail-safe-Kriterium (kontrolliertes Versagen) als Basisphilosophie angesetzt. Gefordert wird, dass sich der Achsschenkel auch unter Akzeptanz begrenzten Risswachstums hinreichend elastisch-plastisch verformen kann, ohne dass es zum Bruch kommt. Der Fahrer soll anschließend anhand der bleibenden Verformungen bemerken können, dass mit seinem Fahrzeug etwas nicht in Ordnung ist. Eine Voraussetzung für dieses Bauteilverhalten ist eine hinreichende Bruchzähigkeit des Werkstoffs. Diese, wie auch die Rissspitzenbeanspruchung, müssen ermittelt werden, um den bruchmechanischen Sicherheitsnachweis führen zu können. Zur Ermittlung der mechanisch-technologischen und bruchmechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften wurde ein Prüfkonzept entwickelt, bei dem die Proben an der potenziell kritischen Stelle direkt aus den geschmiedeten Achsschenkeln entnommen werden. Die experimentelle Werkstoffcharakterisierung bildet dann die Beanspruchungsbedingungen beim Überlastereignis ab. Im Rahmen der Produktion stehen jedoch nur Kerbschlagarbeitswerte zur Verfügung und aufwändige bruchmechanische Versuche sollen vermieden werden. Deshalb wurde eine Korrelation zur Abschätzung der vorhandenen Bruchzähigkeit aus der Kerbschlagarbeit herangezogen. Es ergibt sich eine Ergebnismatrix, die die Einflussgrößen Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit, Temperatur und Bruchzähigkeit verknüpft. Abschließend wird ein erster Vergleich der abgeschätzten mit den experimentell ermittelten Bruchzähigkeitswerten gezogen. Dieser weist aus, dass die abgeschätzten Werte geringfügig konservativ sind. T2 - 40. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.10.2022 KW - Kerbschlagarbeit KW - Achsschenkel KW - Fail-safe KW - Bruchmechanische Auslegung KW - Korrelation PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - DGM - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. CY - Sankt Augustin AN - OPUS4-56152 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kricheldorf, H.R. A1 - Rabenstein, M. A1 - Langanke, D. A1 - Schwarz, G. A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Maskos, M. A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter T1 - Ring-closing polycondensations N2 - The role of cyclization in polycondensations is discussed for two different scenarios: thermodynamically-controlled polycondensation (TCPs) on the one hand and kinetically-controlled polycondensations (KCPs) on the other. The classical Carothers–Flory theory of step-growth polymerization does not include cyclization reactions. However, TCPs involve the formation of cycles via ‘back-biting degradation’, and when the ring–chain equilibrium is on the side of the cycles the main reaction products of the TCP will be cyclic oligomers. Two groups of examples are discussed: polycondensations of salicyclic acid derivatives (e.g. aspirin) and polycondensations of dibutyltin derivatives with long {alpha}-, {omega}-diols or dicarboxylic acids. Furthermore, various kinetically-controlled syntheses of polyesters and polyamides were studied and carefully optimized in the direction of high molecular weights. High fractions of cyclic oligomers and polymers were found by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and their fractions increased with optimization of the process for molecular weight. These results disagree with the Carothers–Flory theory but agree with the theoretical background of the Ruggli–Ziegler dilution method (RZDM). When poly(ether-sulfone)s were prepared from 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone and silylated bisphenol-A two different scenarios were found. With CsF as catalyst at a temperature of more than 145°C cyclic oligoethers were formed under thermodynamic control. When the polycondensation was promoted with K2CO3 in N-methylpyrolidone at ?145°C the formation of cyclic oligoethers and polyethers occurred under kinetic control. A new mathematical formula is presented correlating the average degree of polymerization with the conversion and taking into account the competition between cyclization and propagation. PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/13/2/312 SN - 0954-0083 SN - 1361-6412 VL - 13 SP - S123 EP - S136 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-2178 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Natsopoulou, M. E. A1 - Doublet, V. A1 - Fürst, M. A1 - Weging, S. A1 - Brown, M. J. F. A1 - Gogol-Döring, A. A1 - Paxton, R. J. T1 - Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss N2 - Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo. The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline. KW - Virulence KW - Emerging infectious disease KW - Pollinator KW - Decline PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-368030 DO - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0811 SN - 0962-8452 VL - 283 IS - 1833 SP - Article 0811, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-36803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hufsky, F. A1 - Ibrahim, B. A1 - Beer, M. A1 - Deng, L. A1 - Le Mercier, P. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Palmarini, M. A1 - Thiel, V. A1 - Marz, M. T1 - Virologists—Heroes need weapons N2 - Virologists. You might know a couple of them, but unless you are a virologist yourself, the probability that you have collaborated with one in the past is low. The community is relatively small, but they pack a heavy punch and are expected to play a leading role in the research into pathogens that lies ahead. You may ask why we think virologists are our future. Suffice it to say that it is not just because they have invented technologies that belong to the space age, including use of viruses as vehicles to shuttle genes into cells[1], organic nanoparticles with specific tools attached to their surfaces to get inside target cells[2], and using genetically modified viruses as therapies to fight against cancer[3]. Did you know that virologists currently only know of about 3,200 viral species but that more than 320,000 mammal-associated viruses[4] are thought to await discovery? Just think about the viruses hidden in the Arctic ice[5] or in the insects and other animals from once cut-off regions in the world, which now face ever-increasing human exposure[6]. But a heroic (as well as an apocalyptic) role for virologists may also be on the horizon, as the adoption of phage therapy may, in the future, be used to control harmful bacteria when antibiotics fail KW - Virology KW - Bioinformatics PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-442402 DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006771 SN - 1553-7366 SN - 1553-7374 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - Article e1006771, 1 EP - 3 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. AN - OPUS4-44240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberpaul, M. A1 - Zumkeller, C. M. A1 - Culver, T. A1 - Spohn, M. A1 - Mihajlovic1, S. A1 - Leis, B. A1 - Glaeser, S. P. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Hammann, P. A1 - Schäberle, T. F. A1 - Glaeser, J. A1 - Vilcinskas, A. T1 - High-Throughput Cultivation for the Selective Isolation of Acidobacteria From Termite Nests N2 - Microbial communities in the immediate environment of socialized invertebrates can help to suppress pathogens, in part by synthesizing bioactive natural products. Here we characterized the core microbiomes of three termite species (genus Coptotermes) and their nest material to gain more insight into the diversity of termite-associated bacteria. Sampling a healthy termite colony over time implicated a consolidated and highly stable microbiome, pointing toward the fact that beneficial bacterial phyla play a major role in termite fitness. In contrast, there was a significant shift in the composition of the core microbiome in one nest during a fungal infection, affecting the abundance of wellcharacterized Streptomyces species (phylum Actinobacteria) as well as less-studied bacterial phyla such as Acidobacteria. High-throughput cultivation in microplates was implemented to isolate and identify these less-studied bacterial phylogenetic group. Amplicon sequencing confirmed that our method maintained the bacterial diversity of the environmental samples, enabling the isolation of novel Acidobacteriaceae and expanding the list of cultivated species to include two strains that may define new species within the genera Terracidiphilus and Acidobacterium. KW - Termite-associated microbes KW - Termites KW - Coptotermes KW - Core microbiome KW - Natural products discovery KW - Acidobacteria KW - underexplored phyla KW - Social insects PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515283 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.597628 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 16 AN - OPUS4-51528 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ibrahim, B. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Hufsky, F. A1 - Beer, M. A1 - Ding, L. A1 - Le Mercier, P. A1 - Palmarini, M. A1 - Thiel, V. A1 - Marz, M. T1 - A new era of virus bioinformatics N2 - Despite the recognized excellence of virology and bioinformatics, these two communities have interacted surprisingly sporadically, aside from some pioneering work on HIV-1 and influenza. Bringing together the Expertise of bioinformaticians and virologists is crucial, since very specific but fundamental computational approaches are required for virus research, particularly in an era of big data. Collaboration between virologists and bioinformaticians is necessary to improve existing analytical tools, cloud-based systems, computational resources, data sharing approaches, new diagnostic tools, and bioinformatic training. Here, we highlight current progress and discuss potential avenues for future developments in this promising era of virus bioinformatics. We end by presenting an overview of current technologies, and by outlining some of the Major challenges and Advantages that bioinformatics will bring to the field of virology. KW - Bioinformatics virology viruses software PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.009 SN - 0168-1702 SN - 1872-7492 VL - 251 SP - 86 EP - 90 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-45880 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sieksmeyer, T. A1 - He, S. A1 - Esparza-Mora, M. A. A1 - Jiang, S. A1 - Petrasiunaite, V. A1 - Kuropka, B. A1 - Banasiak, Robert A1 - Julseth, M. J. A1 - Weise, C. A1 - Johnston, P. R. A1 - Rodriguez-Rojas, A. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Eating in a losing cause: Limited benefit of modifed macronutrient consumption following infection in the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis N2 - Background: Host–pathogen interactions can lead to dramatic changes in host feeding behaviour. One aspect of this includes self-medication, where infected individuals consume substances such as toxins or alter their macronutrient consumption to enhance immune competence. Another widely adopted animal response to infection is illness-induced anorexia, which is thought to assist host immunity directly or by limiting the nutritional resources available to pathogens. Here, we recorded macronutrient preferences of the global pest cockroach, Blatta orientalis to investigate how shifts in host macronutrient dietary preference and quantity of carbohydrate (C) and protein (P) interact with immunity following bacterial infection. Results: We fnd that B. orientalis avoids diets enriched for P under normal conditions, and that high P diets reduce cockroach survival in the long term. However, following bacterial challenge, cockroaches signifcantly reduced their overall nutrient intake, particularly of carbohydrates, and increased the relative ratio of protein (P:C) consumed. Surprisingly, these behavioural shifts had a limited efect on cockroach immunity and survival, with minor changes to immune protein abundance and antimicrobial activity between individuals placed on diferent diets, regardless of infection status. Conclusions: We show that cockroach feeding behaviour can be modulated by a pathogen, resulting in an illness-induced anorexia-like feeding response and a shift from a C-enriched to a more P:C equal diet. However, our results also indicate that such responses do not provide signifcant immune protection in B. orientalis, suggesting that the host’s dietary shift might also result from random rather than directed behaviour. The lack of an apparent beneft of the shift in feeding behaviour highlights a possible reduced importance of diet in immune regulation in these invasive animals, although further investigations employing pathogens with alternative infection strategies are warranted. KW - Animal immune system KW - A key interface KW - Host and symbiont ecology KW - Behavioural mechanisms KW - Biotic environment PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-02007-8 SN - 2730-7182 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-55002 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golian, M. A1 - Bien, T. A1 - Schmelzle, S. A1 - Esparza- Mora, M. A. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Dreisewerd, K. A1 - Buellesbach, J. ED - Appel, Arthur G. T1 - Neglected Very Long-Chain Hydrocarbons and the Incorporation of Body Surface Area Metrics Reveal Novel Perspectives for Cuticular Profile Analysis in Insects N2 - Most of our knowledge on insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) stems from analytical techniques based on gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, this method has its limits under standard conditions, particularly in detecting compounds beyond a chain length of around C40. Here, we compare the CHC chain length range detectable by GC-MS with the range assessed by silver-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (Ag-LDI-MS), a novel and rarely applied technique on insect CHCs, in seven species of the order Blattodea. For all tested species, we unveiled a considerable range of very long-chain CHCs up to C58, which are not detectable by standard GC-MS technology. This indicates that general studies on insect CHCs May frequently miss compounds in this range, and we encourage future studies to implement analytical techniques extending the conventionally accessed chain length range. Furthermore, we incorporate 3D scanned insect body surface areas as an additional factor for the comparative quantification of extracted CHC amounts between our study species. CHC quantity distributions differed considerably when adjusted for body surface areas as opposed to directly assessing extracted CHC amounts, suggesting that a more accurate evaluation of relative CHC quantities can be achieved by taking body surface areas into account. KW - Cuticular hydrocarbons KW - Blattodea KW - GC-MS KW - Ag-LDI-MS KW - Chemical ecology PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543530 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010083 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 2 EP - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-54353 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - He, S. A1 - Sieksmeyer, T. A1 - Che, Y. A1 - Mora, M. A. E. A1 - Stiblik, P. A1 - Banasiak, Robert A1 - Harrison, M. C. A1 - Sobotnik, J. A1 - Wang, Z. A1 - Johnston, P. R. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter ED - He, s. ED - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Evidence for reduced immune gene diversity and activity during the evolution of termites N2 - The evolution of biological complexity is associated with the emergence of bespoke immune systems that maintain and protect organism integrity. Unlike the well-studied immune systems of cells and individuals, little is known about the origins of immunity during the transition to eusociality, a major evolutionary transition comparable to the evolution of multicellular organisms from single-celled ancestors. We aimed to tackle this by characterizing the immune gene repertoire of 18 cockroach and termite species, spanning the spectrum of solitary, subsocial and eusocial lifestyles. We find that key transitions in termite sociality are correlated with immune gene family contractions. In cross-species comparisons of immune gene expression, we find evidence for a caste-specific social defence system in termites, which appears to operate at the expense of individual immune protection. Our study indicates that a major transition in organismal complexity may have entailed a fundamental reshaping of the immune system optimized for group over individual defence. KW - Social insect KW - Subsocial KW - Cockroach KW - Major transition KW - Contraction KW - Expansion PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-538878 DO - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3168 SN - 0962-8452 VL - 288 IS - 1945 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - The Royal Society Publishing CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-53887 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberpaul, M. A1 - Spohn, M. A1 - Fracowiak, J. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Hammann, P. A1 - Vilcinskas, A. A1 - Gläser, J. T1 - Exploiting termite nest microbiomes for antibiotic discovery by using an ultra-high throughput Microfluidics/FACS driven pipeline combined with a microtiter plate based cultivation strategy N2 - Infections with multi-resistant Gram negative pathogens are a major threat to our health system. In order to serve the needs in antibiotics development we selected untapped bioresources and implemented high throughput approaches suitable for the discovery of strains producing antibiotics with anti-Gram negative activity. Our approaches rely on the hypothesis that Termite associated bacteria are likely to produce potent antibiotics to defend their hosts against entomopathogenic microorganisms. Termite nests and guts harbor suitable, highly diverse microbiomes in which bacterial taxa are present known to potentially produce natural compounds. In a first step the diversity of Coptotermes species nest microbiomes was assessed carefully by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and nest material was selected to retrieve viable cells by using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation. In order to analyze the diversity of the culturable termite nest microbiome, bacterial cells were either distributed in 384-well plates (approach 1) or encapsulated in small spheric agarose beads by an high throughput microfluidics technique (approach 2). Cultures obtained from approach 1 were scaled-up in 96-well Duetz-systems for characterization of diversity and for rapid supernatant screening using the bioluminescence-labeled E. coli pFU166. The generated droplets of approach 2 simultaneously received a small population of GFP-tagged Gram negative screening cells and were sorted for low fluorescence using FACS. After elimination of redundancy we performed a fast scale-up of active strains. Implementation of this pipeline allows us to prioritize antibiotics producing strains in a ultra-high throughput fashion and by cultivation of broad diversity in our approches. T2 - Annual Conference of the Society for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM) CY - Wolfsburg, Germany DA - 15.04.18 KW - Biotechnology KW - Termites KW - Anti-microbial effects PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ronen, A. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Leube, Peter A1 - Ben Efraim, R. A1 - Nir, O. A1 - Chaudhary, M. A1 - Futterlieb, M. A1 - Panglisch, S. T1 - DEFEAT-PFAS: Detection, Quantification, and Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater N2 - The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2024 UR - https://indico.scc.kit.edu/event/4029/attachments/7552/12045/Proceedings_Ger-Isr-Coop_Status-Seminar-2024.pdf SP - 33 EP - 36 AN - OPUS4-60331 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Steinbeck, G. A1 - Bleck, W. A1 - Bork, Claus-Peter A1 - Engl, B. A1 - Evertz, Th. A1 - Frehn, A. A1 - Hatscher, A. A1 - Hinterdorfer, J. A1 - Kaufmann, H. A1 - Masendorf, R. A1 - Nicklas, D. A1 - Sonne, H.-M. A1 - Sonsino, C. M. A1 - Zenner, H. ED - Zenner, H. T1 - Eigenschaften und Berechnungskennwerte von Karosseriestählen T2 - DVM-Tag 2005 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2005-04-27 KW - Feinblech KW - Kennwerte KW - FE-Simulation KW - Automobilindustrie PY - 2005 SN - 0946-5987 N1 - Serientitel: DVM Bericht – Series title: DVM Bericht IS - 672 SP - 133 EP - 146 PB - DVM CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-10652 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trimpert, J. A1 - Groenke, N. A1 - Jenckel, M. A1 - He, Shulin A1 - Kunec, D. A1 - Szpara, M.L. A1 - Spatz, S.J. A1 - Osterrieder, N. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - A phylogenomic analysis of Marek's disease virus (MDV) reveals independent paths to virulence in Eurasia and North America N2 - Virulence determines the impact a pathogen has on the fitness of its host, yet current understanding of the evolutionary origins and causes of virulence of many pathogens is surprisingly incomplete. Here, we explore the evolution of Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a herpesvirus commonly afflicting chickens and rarely other avian species. The history of MDV in the 20th century represents an important case study in the evolution of virulence. The severity of MDV infection in chickens has been rising steadily since the adoption of intensive farming techniques and vaccination programs in the 1950s and 1970s, respectively. It has remained uncertain, however, which of these factors is causally more responsible for the observed increase in virulence of circulating viruses. We conducted a phylogenomic study to understand the evolution of MDV in the context of dramatic changes to poultry farming and disease control. Our analysis reveals evidence of geographical structuring of MDV strains, with reconstructions supporting the emergence of virulent viruses independently in North America and Eurasia. Of note, the emergence of virulent viruses appears to coincide approximately with the introduction of comprehensive vaccination on both continents. The time-dated phylogeny also indicated that MDV has a mean evolutionary rate of ~1.6 × 10−5 substitutions per site per year. An examination of gene-linked mutations did not identify a strong association between mutational variation and virulence phenotypes, indicating that MDV may evolve readily and rapidly under strong selective pressures and that multiple genotypic pathways may underlie virulence adaptation in MDV. KW - Sesistance KW - Disease KW - Emergence KW - Evolution KW - Virulence PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-429054 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12515 SN - 1752-4571 VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - 1091 EP - 1101 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AN - OPUS4-42905 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ibrahim, B. A1 - Arkhipova, K. A1 - Andeweg, A.C. A1 - Posada-Céspedes, S. A1 - Enault, F. A1 - Gruber, A. A1 - Koonin, E.V. A1 - Kupczok, A. A1 - Lemey, P. A1 - McHardy, A.C. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Pickett, B.E. A1 - Robertson, D.L. A1 - Scheuermann, R.H. A1 - Zhernakova, A. A1 - Zwart, M.P. A1 - Schönhuth, A. A1 - Dutilh, B.E. A1 - Marz, M. T1 - Bioinformatics meets virology: The European virus bioinformatics center's second annual meeting N2 - The Second Annual Meeting of the European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), held in Utrecht, Netherlands, focused on computational approaches in virology, with topics including (but not limited to) virus discovery, diagnostics, (meta-)genomics, modeling, epidemiology, molecular structure, evolution, and viral ecology. The goals of the Second Annual Meeting were threefold: (i) to bring together virologists and bioinformaticians from across the academic, industrial, professional, and training sectors to share best practice; (ii) to provide a meaningful and interactive scientific environment to promote discussion and collaboration between students, postdoctoral fellows, and both new and established investigators; (iii) to inspire and suggest new research directions and questions. Approximately 120 researchers from around the world attended the Second Annual Meeting of the EVBC this year, including 15 renowned international speakers. This report presents an overview of new developments and novel research findings that emerged during the meeting. KW - Bioinformatics KW - Software KW - Virology KW - Viruses PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-458814 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/v10050256 SN - 1999-4915 VL - 10 IS - 5 SP - 256, 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-45881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaik, A.-A. A1 - Richter, M. A1 - Kricheldorf, H. A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter T1 - New polymer syntheses - CIX. Biodegradable, alternating copolyesters of terephthalic acid, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and alkane diols N2 - Copolyesters with an alternating sequence of terephthalic acid and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids were prepared with three different methods. First, dicarboxylic acid dichlorides were reacted with bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) in refluxing 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Second, the same monomers were polycondensed at 0-20 °C in the presence of pyridine. Third, dicarboxylic acid dichlorides and silylated BHET were polycondensed in bulk. Only this third method gave satisfactory molecular weights. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that the copolyesters prepared by the pyridine and silyl methods might have contained considerable fractions of cyclic oligoesters and polyesters despite the absence of transesterification and backbiting processes. The alternating sequences and thermal properties were characterized with 1H NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, respectively. In agreement with the alternating sequence, all copolyesters proved to be crystalline, but the crystallization was extremely slow [slower than that of poly(ethylene terephthalate)]. A second series of alternating copolyesters was prepared by the polycondensation of silylated bis(4-hydroxybut- yl)terephthalate with various aliphatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides. The resulting copolyesters showed significantly higher rates of crystallization, and the melting temperatures were higher than those of the BHET-based copolyesters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3371-3382, 2001 KW - Poly(ethylene terephthalate) KW - Poly(butylene terephthalate) KW - Alternating sequence KW - Macrocycles KW - Crystallization KW - Biodegradable polyesters PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1320 SN - 0360-6376 SN - 0887-624X VL - 39 IS - 19 SP - 3371 EP - 3382 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-2173 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Veith, M. A1 - Elsässer, R. A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter T1 - Synthesis of Dendrimers with a N-Si-C Framework N2 - A novel family of air-stable dendrimers with a N-Si-C framework has been prepared up to the fourth generation. The divergent synthesis starts with the hydrosilylation of the trisilazane N(SiMe2vinyl)3 [0-G(vinyl)] by HSiMe2Cl, which gives the three-directional core molecule N(SiMe2CH2CH2SiMe2Cl)3 [0-G(Cl)]. A 1-to-2 branching achieved by reacting the core molecule [0-G(Cl)] with 3 equiv of KN(SiMe2vinyl)2 affords the first generation dendrimer [1-G(vinyl)]. By repeating the above two steps, the second [2-G(vinyl)], third [3-G(vinyl)], and fourth generation [4-G(vinyl)] can be obtained. The compounds have been characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, by elemental analysis, and up to the third generation by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Gel permeation chromatography was used to prove the fourth generation [4-G(vinyl)]. PY - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/om9807708 SN - 0276-7333 SN - 1520-6041 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 656 EP - 661 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-2162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Heinemann, M. A1 - Weinmann, S. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Eisenbach, C. D. T1 - Synthese von Polylactiden mittels reaktiver Extrusion und Produktcharakterisierung durch Kopplung von HPLC-Methoden mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - 18. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 2003-03-19 PY - 2003 SN - 3-00-010663-4 IS - CD-ROM PB - Univ., IKT, IAMC CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-2190 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinhardt, M. A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - v. Lampe, I. A1 - Lorkowski, H.-J. T1 - Über Lösekinetik und Acidität einiger phenolischer Polymere T2 - 5. Berliner Polymertage 1994 CY - Potsdam DA - 1994-10-05 PY - 1994 CY - Potsdam AN - OPUS4-2199 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Paulus, G. A1 - Resch, M. A1 - Schulz, Günter ED - Darms, R. ED - Suter, U. T1 - Polymer Characterization by MALDI-TOF-MS and Combination with HPLC T2 - 5th European Polymer Federation Symposium on Polymeric Materials (EPF) CY - Basel, Switzerland DA - 1994-10-09 PY - 1994 SN - 3-85739-297-5 SN - 0258-0322 VL - 5 PB - Hüthig & Wepf CY - Zug AN - OPUS4-2200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Pickard, M. A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Wachsen, O. T1 - Characterization of thermal and hydrolytic degradation of polylactides by Liquid Chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry T2 - International Symposium on "Biodegradable Materials" and Hamburger Makromolekulares Symposium CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 1996-10-07 PY - 1996 CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-2225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thomé-Kozmiensky, K. J. A1 - Löschau, M. A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Thiel, S. T1 - Entsorgung von Sekundärabfällen aus der Abfallverbrennung T2 - Abfallwirtschaft für Wien CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2004-06-24 KW - Abfallverbrennung KW - Schlacke KW - Filterstaub KW - Verwertung KW - Schmelzen KW - Technische Silikate KW - Verfahrenstechnik KW - Verfahrensübersicht PY - 2004 SN - 3-935317-17-4 SP - 497 EP - 742 PB - TK-Verl. CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-3683 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Schöch, M. A1 - Müller, G. A1 - Hahne, D.-B. T1 - Strukturuntersuchungen an Makromonomeren für partiell kristalline polymere Netzwerke T2 - Vortragstagung "Funktionspolymere für Systemlösungen" CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 2002-03-18 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1806 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, C. M. A1 - Heintz, A. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Wunderlich, G. A1 - Leibnitz, Peter A1 - Pietzsch, H.-J. A1 - Kropp, J. A1 - Deussen, A. A1 - Spies, H. ED - Marino, N. T1 - Technetium- and Rhenium-Labelled Fatty Acids as Model Compounds for Myocardial Metabolism Imaging N2 - In an attempt to develop new technetium-based radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive diagnosis of oxidative myocardial metabolism, rhenium model compounds according to the ‚3+1' mixed ligand approach as well as the organometallic tricarbonyl-design were synthesized. The geometrical impact of different chelates on the integrity of the fatty acid head structure was determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. To evaluate the diagnostic potential of the analogous Technetium-99m compounds, fatty acid complexes of the ‚3+1' mixed ligand type were prepared on n.c.a.-level and studied in the isolated constant-flow-perfused guinea pig heart model; compared to established [123I]Iodine-labelled fatty acid radiotracers, the tested Technetium-99m derivatives showed a specific, however significantly lower myocardial extraction rate. T2 - 6th International Symposium on Technetium in Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine CY - Bressanone, Italy DA - 2002-09-04 KW - Fatty acids KW - Metabolism KW - Myocardial Imaging KW - Rhenium KW - Technetium-99m PY - 2002 UR - http://www.fzd.de/db/!Publications?pSelYear=2002&pLang=en&pNid=0&pSelWithSubmitted=0&pSelSort=TITEL&pSelPublForm=4&pSelPage=2 SN - 88-86281-73-0 N1 - Serientitel: Technetium, rhenium and other metals in chemistry and nuclear medicine – Series title: Technetium, rhenium and other metals in chemistry and nuclear medicine VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 443 EP - 445 PB - SGEditoriali CY - Padova AN - OPUS4-1999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Heinemann, M. T1 - Methodenkopplung zur Polylactidcharakterisierung PY - 2003 SN - 0344-1733 SN - 1610-8256 VL - 27 SP - 56 EP - 57 PB - Vogel CY - Würzburg AN - OPUS4-2597 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, C. M. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Leibnitz, Peter A1 - Pietzsch, H.-J. A1 - Kropp, J. A1 - Spies, H. T1 - Synthesis and First Crystal Structure of Rhenium Complexes derived from omega-Functionalized Fatty Acids as Model Compounds of Technetium Tracers for Myocardial Metabolism Imaging N2 - In an attempt to develop new technetium-based radiopharmaceuticals for the noninvasive diagnosis of myocardial metabolism, we have synthesized three examples of novel metal-containing fatty acid derivatives according to the 3+1 mixed-ligand and the Schiff base/tricarbonyl design. The chelates contain the metal core in the oxidation states +5 and +1, respectively, and are attached to the end-position of a fatty acid chain. The complex formation was accomplished by ligand-exchange reactions with three different rhenium precursors, whereas the inactive rhenium metal was utilized as a surrogate of the technetium radionuclide. The molecular structures of the fatty acid complexes 7, 10 and 14 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and impressively show a general problem in technetium tracer research, namely the significant structural alterations of bioactive molecules by coordination even to small metal chelates. KW - Rhenium KW - Technetium KW - Fatty acids KW - Drug research KW - Radiopharmaceuticals PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0682(200205)2002:5<1219::AID-EJIC1219>3.0.CO;2-N SN - 1434-1948 SN - 1099-0682 VL - 2002 IS - 5 SP - 1219 EP - 1225 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1552 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paulus, G. A1 - Resch, M. A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter T1 - Molmassen-Bestimmung mittels MALDI-MS PY - 1994 SN - 0341-5163 SN - 1521-3854 VL - 42 SP - 719 EP - 722 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2138 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Viala, S. A1 - Tauer, K. A1 - Antonietti, M. A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Bremser, W. T1 - Structural control in radical polymerization with 1,1-diphenylethylene. 1. Copolymerization of 1,1-diphenylethylene with methyl methacrylate N2 - The role of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) in radical emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate is investigated. The presence of DPE causes a strong decrease in both the rate of polymerization and the molecular weight. According to the results of structure analysis by means of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, UV–vis spectroscopy, and 1H–NMR spectroscopy, DPE is incorporated in the copolymer chain exclusively as a reactive recombinant ?,p-dimer, underlining the peculiar role of DPE in radical polymerizations. KW - Emulsion polymerization KW - 1,1-Diphenylethylene KW - Copolymer structure PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00676-6 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 43 IS - 26 SP - 7231 EP - 7241 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1919 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleck, W. A1 - Bork, Claus-Peter A1 - Engl, B. A1 - Evertz, Th. A1 - Frehn, A. A1 - Hatscher, A. A1 - Hinterdorfer, J. A1 - Kaufmann, H. A1 - Masendorf, R. A1 - Nicklas, D. A1 - Sonne, H.-M. A1 - Sonsino, C.M. A1 - Steinbeck, G. A1 - Zenner, H. T1 - Ermittlung von Berechnungskennwerten für Karosseriestähle KW - Feinblech KW - Kennwerte KW - FEM-Simulation KW - Automobilindustrie PY - 2004 SN - 0340-4803 SN - 0340-479x VL - 124 IS - 11 SP - 137 EP - 140 PB - Verl. Stahleisen CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-5834 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klobes, Peter A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Meyer, Klaus A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Siitari-Kauppi, M. A1 - Hellmuth, K.-H. ED - Gray, W. T1 - Investigation of rock samples using x-ray-microcomputer-tomography before and after mercury intrusion porosimetry N2 - A new method for the physical characterization of rock matrices for use in site investigations of nuclear waste repositories has been developed. The method can provide information needed in the assessment of the performance of the geosphere working as a natural barrier retarding the migration of radionuclides by diffusion into the rock matrix. Most conventional methods for the physical characterization of rocks give only bulk information. The combination of mercury porosimetry and computer tomography can give 3-D data on mineral-specific porosity distributions with additional pore size information. Additionally, limits for mineral-specific internal surface areas can be estimated, which is essential for the assessment of water-rock interaction and reactive interaction with radionuclides (sorption). Results of measurements on granitic rock (granodiorite) from the Baltic shield are discussed and integrated with results by complementary methods. T2 - 20th Materials Research Society Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 1996-12-02 PY - 1997 SN - 1-558-99369-X SN - 0272-9172 N1 - Serientitel: Materials Research Society symposium proceedings – Series title: Materials Research Society symposium proceedings IS - 465 SP - 863 EP - 870 PB - Materials Research Society CY - Pittsburgh, Pa. AN - OPUS4-11971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hellmuth, K.-H. A1 - Klobes, Peter A1 - Meyer, Klaus A1 - Röhl-Kuhn, Barbara A1 - Siitari-Kauppi, M. A1 - Hartikainen, K. A1 - Hartikainen, J. A1 - Timonen, J. T1 - Matrix retardation studies: size and structure of the accessable pore space in fresh and altered crystalline rock N2 - For the assessment of the barrier function of the geosphere around a nuclear waste repository information about the nature of the accessible rock pore space and internal surfaces is needed. Intact samples of various types of fresh and altered crystalline rocks have been studied by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and gas adsorption methods using various adsorbates. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was applied and the results were compared with those of impregnation with carbon-l4-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Additional structural information was derived from hydraulic conductivity determinations using helium gas. The investigations were focussed on the reliability of these measurements of intact core samples, the influence of rock composition, structure and geological evolution on the microstructure of the matrices and the consequences regarding the retardation properties of the bedrock. PY - 1995 SN - 0303-4534 VL - 23 IS - 5/6 SP - 691 EP - 706 PB - Verl. für Geowissenschaften Wutzke CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-11979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hellmuth, K.-H. A1 - Siitari-Kauppi, M. A1 - Klobes, Peter A1 - Meyer, Klaus A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Imaging and Analyzing Rock Porosity by Autoradiography and Hg-porosimetry/X-ray Computertomography-Applications N2 - The application of two sets of methods for the characterization of rock pore systems is reported. Both are discussed in the context of other techniques described in the literature. (i) Impregnation with labelled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and autoradiography or direct measurement of the tracer activity allows the investigation of the pattern of the spatial porosity distribution and quantitative measurement of mineral-specific, local porosities, porosity gradients as well as an assessment of hydraulic and diffusive transport properties. (ii) Quantitative information on surface areas within certain pore size ranges can be achieved by combination of mercury intrusion porosimetry with X-ray absorption computertomography. As examples of applications of these techniques, the effects of weathering, alteration, mechanical stress and large diameter coring on the pore network of rocks have been studied. PY - 1999 SN - 1464-1895 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 569 EP - 573 PB - Pergamon CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-11980 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Viehrig, H.-W. A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Gerwien, Peter A1 - Grundmann, N. A1 - Houska, M. A1 - Lucon, E. A1 - Mottitschka, T. A1 - Trubitz, P. T1 - Bestimmung der J-Risswiderstandskurve an einem zähen Reaktordruckbehälterstahl - Ergebnisse eines Round Robin Tests T2 - 45. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchvorgänge CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-02-19 KW - Duktiles Risswachstum KW - J-Integral KW - Teilentlastungsverfahren KW - Bruchzähigkeit KW - Ductile tearing KW - J integral KW - Unloading compliance KW - Fracture toughness KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Round Robin KW - Risswiderstandskurve PY - 2013 N1 - Serientitel: DVM-Bericht – Series title: DVM-Bericht VL - 245 SP - 91 EP - 100 AN - OPUS4-27912 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Siitari-Kauppi, M. A1 - Marcos, N. A1 - Klobes, Peter A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Timonen, J. A1 - Hellmuth, K.-H. T1 - The Palmottu natural analogue project - physical rock matrix characterisation KW - C14-PMMA-Imprägnations-Radiographie KW - Hg-Porosimetrie KW - Computertomographie KW - Optische Mikroskopie KW - He-Diffusion KW - MMA-Diffusion KW - Wassersättigung PY - 2003 SN - 0783-3555 SP - 1 EP - 63 PB - Espoo AN - OPUS4-5194 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, G. A1 - Pfundstein, M. A1 - Reimers, Peter T1 - Influence of Limited Solubility on Impurity Diffusion Profiles PY - 1977 SN - 0942-9352 SN - 2196-7156 SN - 0044-3336 SN - 0044-3328 SN - 0942-9352 VL - 106 SP - 131 EP - 138 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-9004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, G. A1 - Pfundstein, M. A1 - Reimers, Peter T1 - Influence of Limited Solubility on Impurity Diffusion Profiles PY - 1977 SN - 0942-9352 SN - 2196-7156 SN - 0044-3336 SN - 0044-3328 SN - 0942-9352 VL - 106 SP - 131 EP - 138 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-8785 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäumer, A. A1 - Bork, Claus-Peter A1 - Emde, T. A1 - Evertz, T. A1 - Masendorf, R. A1 - May, U. A1 - Menne, M. A1 - Ratte, E. A1 - Steinbeck, G. T1 - Forschungsvorhaben P 603 - Ermittlung des Werkstoffverhaltens und des Beschichtungseinflusses durch rechnerische Methoden zur Verkürzung der Entwicklungszeiten im Fahrzeugbau mit Stahl KW - Stahlblech KW - Automobilindustrie KW - Crashverhalten KW - Fließkurven KW - Dehnungswöhlerlinien KW - Lebensdauerabschätzung PY - 2007 SN - 3-937567-48-8 SP - 122 Seiten PB - Verlag und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-15748 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maultzsch, Matthias A1 - Gierloff, M. A1 - Schimmelwitz, Peter T1 - Aging of cement through long term storage T2 - 7th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement ; 7ère Congrès International de la Chimie des Ciments CY - Paris, France DA - 1980-01-01 PY - 1980 VL - 2 SP - I-128-I-133 PB - Ed. Septima CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-6917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiche, I. A1 - Castaing, J. A1 - Calligaro, T. A1 - Salomon, J. A1 - Aucouturier, M. A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Weise, Hans-Peter T1 - Analyses of hydrogen in quartz and in sapphire using depth profiling by ERDA at atmospheric pressure: Comparison with resonant NRA and SIMS N2 - Hydrogen is present in anhydrous materials as a result of their synthesis and of their environment during conservation. IBA provides techniques to measure H concentration depth profiles allowing to identify various aspects of the materials including the history of objects such as gemstones used in cultural heritage. A newly established ERDA set-up, using an external microbeam of alpha particles, has been developed to study hydrated near-surface layers in quartz and sapphire by non-destructive H depth profiling in different atmospheres. The samples were also analysed using resonant NRA and SIMS. KW - Hydrogen KW - Gemstones KW - ERDA KW - External beam KW - Depth profiling PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.03.066 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 249 IS - 1-2 SP - 608 EP - 611 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-12844 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Heinemann, M. A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Hartmann, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Fritz, H. ED - Eisenbach, C. T1 - Charakterisierung biologisch abbaubarer Homo- und Copolyester / Characterisation of biodegradable Homo- and Copolyesters T2 - 19. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium 2005 CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 2005-03-09 KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - Bioabbaubare Polyester KW - Flüssigchromatographie KW - Methodenkopplung KW - Biodegradable polyesters KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Coupling of analytical methods PY - 2005 SN - 3-00-015246-6 SP - 5/P1-1 - 5/P1-9 PB - IKT CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-11767 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rouquerol, J. A1 - Baron, G. A1 - Denoyel, R. A1 - Giesche, H. A1 - Groen, J. A1 - Klobes, Peter A1 - Levitz, P. A1 - Neimark, A.V. A1 - Rigby, S. A1 - Skudas, R. A1 - Sing, K. A1 - Thommes, M. A1 - Unger, K. T1 - Liquid intrusion and alternative methods for the characterization of macroporous materials (IUPAC technical report) N2 - This document deals with the characterization of porous materials having pore widths in the macropore range of 50 nm to 500 µm. In recent years, the development of advanced adsorbents and catalysts (e.g., monoliths having hierarchical pore networks) has brought about a renewed interest in macropore structures. Mercury intrusion–extrusion porosimetry is a well-established method, which is at present the most widely used for determining the macropore size distribution. However, because of the reservations raised by the use of mercury, it is now evident that the principles involved in the application of mercury porosimetry require reappraisal and that alternative methods are worth being listed and evaluated. The reliability of mercury porosimetry is discussed in the first part of the report along with the conditions required for its safe use. Other procedures for macropore size analysis, which are critically examined, include the intrusion of other non-wetting liquids and certain wetting liquids, capillary condensation, liquid permeation, imaging, and image analysis. The statistical reconstruction of porous materials and the use of macroporous reference materials (RMs) are also examined. Finally, the future of macropore analysis is discussed. KW - Capillary condensation KW - Image analysis KW - IUPAC physical and biophysical chemistry division KW - Liquid intrusion KW - Macroporous materials KW - Mercury prorsimetry KW - Permeation KW - Pore size characterization KW - Reference porous materials KW - Statistical reconstruction of porous solids PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-11-19 SN - 0033-4545 SN - 1365-3075 VL - 84 IS - 1 SP - 107 EP - 136 PB - Union CY - Research Triangle Park, NC AN - OPUS4-26109 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xing, N. A1 - Höfler, T. A1 - Hearn, C. J. A1 - Nascimento, M. A1 - Camps Paradell, G. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Kunec, D. A1 - Osterrieder, N. A1 - Cheng, H. H. A1 - Trimpert, J. ED - Trimpert, Jakob T1 - Fast-forwarding evolution—Accelerated adaptation in a proofreading-deficient hypermutator herpesvirus N2 - Evolution relies on the availability of genetic diversity for fitness-based selection. However, most deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses employ DNA polymerases (Pol) capable of exonucleolytic proofreading to limit mutation rates during DNA replication. The relative genetic stability produced by high-fidelity genome replication can make studying DNA virus adaptation and evolution an intensive endeavor, especially in slowly replicating viruses. Here, we present a proofreading-impaired Pol mutant (Y547S) of Marek’s disease virus that exhibits a hypermutator phenotype while maintaining unimpaired growth in vitro and wild-type (WT)-like pathogenicity in vivo. At the same time, mutation frequencies observed in Y547S virus populations are 2–5-fold higher compared to the parental WT virus. We find that Y547S adapts faster to growth in originally non-permissive cells, evades pressure conferred by antiviral inhibitors more efficiently, and is more easily attenuated by serial passage in cultured cells compared to WT. Our results suggest that hypermutator viruses can serve as a tool to accelerate evolutionary processes and help identify key genetic changes required for adaptation to novel host cells and resistance to antiviral therapy. Similarly, the rapid attenuation achieved through adaptation of hypermutators to growth in cell culture enables identification of genetic changes underlying attenuation and virulence, knowledge that could practically exploited, e.g. in the rational design of vaccines. KW - Polymerase mutant KW - Proofreading deficient KW - Hypermutation KW - Adaption KW - DNA polymerase KW - Marek's Disease Virus PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565631 DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac099 SN - 2057-1577 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford, UK AN - OPUS4-56563 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biedermann, P. H. W. A1 - Rohlfs, M. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Meunier, J. ED - Elgar, M. A. T1 - Editorial: Microbial Drivers of Sociality – From Multicellularity to Animal Societies N2 - While sociality is present in a taxonomically diverse number of species, most animals remain solitary (Bourke, 2011). Over the last centuries, this apparent imbalance in social and non-social animals has led to a great deal of research aimed at shedding light on the biotic and abiotic factors explaining the emergence and maintenance of sociality in nature (West et al., 2015). Among them, microbes were quickly identified as a major problem for the evolution of social life, because frequent contact between group members typically facilitates the transmission of pathogens, high nest fidelity favours the establishment of microbial pathogens close to their social hosts and, finally, because social groups often exhibit limited genetic diversity and thus limited genetic resistance against certain pathogen strains (Schmid-Hempel, 1998; Cremer et al., 2007). However, this long-standing view has changed considerably over the last few years. Recent research indeed revealed that group living may be more effective than solitary living to Limit the risk of infection by pathogenic microbes because group living also allows the development of an additional layer of defence against pathogens in the form of social immunity (Cremer et al., 2007; Cotter and Kilner, 2010). Under strong pressure from pathogens, microbes could therefore promote, rather than hinder, the evolutionary transition from solitary to group Living (Meunier, 2015; Biedermann and Rohlfs, 2017). Moreover, we are increasingly aware that many microbes provide essential benefits to their hosts by performing critical digestive, physiological, and reproductive functions (Engel and Moran, 2013; McFall-Ngai et al., 2013). The need to Access beneficial microbes may thus have played a role in the expression of frequent and tight interactions between conspecifics and ultimately promoted social evolution (Wilson, 1971; Onchuru et al., 2018). Finally, a growing number of studies suggest that microbes could enforce the Aggregation and expression of cooperative behaviours of the hosts to increase their chance of reaching new hosts and may therefore be involved in the evolution of host sociality (Lewin-Epstein et al., 2017) (but see Johnson and Foster, 2018). KW - Microbe KW - Sociality KW - Multicellularity KW - Evolution KW - Symbiosis PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-538741 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.752906 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution CY - Melbourne, Australia AN - OPUS4-53874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tauber, J. P. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Ryabov, E.V. A1 - Kunat, M. A1 - Ptaszynska, A. A. A1 - Evans, J. D. T1 - Honeybee intestines retain low yeast titers, but no bacterial mutualists, at emergence N2 - Honeybee symbionts, predominantly bacteria, play important roles in honeybee health, nutrition, and pathogen protection, thereby supporting colony health. On the other hand, fungi are often considered indicators of poor bee health, and honeybee microbiome studies generally exclude fungi and yeasts. We hypothesized that yeasts may be an important aspect of early honeybee biology, and if yeasts provide a mutual benefit to their hosts, then honeybees could provide a refuge during metamorphosis to ensure the presence of yeasts at emergence. We surveyed for yeast and fungi during pupal development and metamorphosis in worker bees using fungal-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), next-generation sequencing, and standard microbiological culturing. On the basis of yeast presence in three distinct apiaries and multiple developmental stages, we conclude that yeasts can survive through metamorphosis and in naïve worker bees, albeit at relatively low levels. In comparison, known bacterial mutualists, like Gilliamella and Snodgrassella, were generally not found in pre-eclosed adult bees. Whether yeasts are actively retained as an important part of the bee microbiota or are passively propagating in the colony remains unknown. Our demonstration of the constancy of yeasts throughout development provides a framework to further understand the honeybee microbiota. KW - Fungi KW - Honeybee KW - Microbiota KW - Yeast PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/yea.3665 SN - 1097-0061 VL - 39 IS - 1-2 SP - 95 EP - 107 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-53892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, G. A1 - Pfundstein, M. A1 - Reimers, Peter T1 - Diffusion of platinum in single crystals of silver and copper PY - 1982 SN - 1460-6992 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 499 EP - 507 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-36423 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, G. A1 - Pfundstein, M. A1 - Reimers, Peter T1 - Diffusion und Löslichkeit von Chrom-51 in Silbereinkristallen PY - 1982 SN - 0340-7551 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 21 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-36424 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonsino, C.M. A1 - Kaufmann, H. A1 - Masendorf, R. A1 - Hatscher, A. A1 - Zenner, H. A1 - Bork, Claus-Peter A1 - Hinterdorfer, J. A1 - Sonne, H.M. A1 - Engl, B. A1 - Steinbeck, G. T1 - Werkstoffkennwerte für die Lebensdauerberechnung von Strukturen aus Stahlfeinblechen für den Automobilbau N2 - Im Rahmen eines gemeinschaftlichen Projektes der Stahl- und Automobilindustrie wurden für 17 Stahlfeinbleche des Automobilbaus in verschiedenen Anlieferungs- und Verformungszuständen unter -40°C, Raumtemperatur und +100°C mit 37 Versuchsreihen Anrisswöhlerlinien und zügige bzw. zyklische Spannung-Dehnung-Kurven bestimmt. Sämtliche Versuchspunkte, Hysteresen und ermittelte zyklische Kennwerte liegen in einer Datenbank vor. Eine Korrelationen zwischen den Kennwerten aus dem Zugversuch und den Kennwerten aus den zyklischen, dehnungsgeregelten Versuchen ist grundsätzlich möglich. KW - Zyklische Werkstoffkennwerte KW - Zügige und zyklische Spannung-Dehnung-Kurve KW - Dehnungswöhlerlinie KW - Technischer Anriss KW - Elasto-plastisches Werkstoffverhalten KW - Automobilbau KW - Cyclic properties KW - Monotonic and cyclic stress-strain curve KW - Strain-life curve KW - Technical crack KW - Elasto-plastic material behaviour KW - Thin steel sheets KW - Automotive engineering KW - Karosseriestähle KW - Strukturen KW - Lebensdauerberechnung KW - Zyklische Kennwerte PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200400769 SN - 0933-5137 SN - 1521-4052 VL - 35 IS - 8 SP - 522 EP - 533 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22436 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Ertel, Jens-Peter A1 - Sochor, M. A1 - Unseld, H. T1 - Nachbestimmung von Pfahllängen am Beispiel von Masten N2 - Im Rahmen der Lebensdauerverlängerung oder der Umnutzung von Bauwerken (z. B. Brücken, Bürogebäude oder Maste) müssen diese zum Teil neu bewertet werden. Dafür ist eine Nachrechnung für statische und dynamische Lastfälle erforderlich. Dies betrifft zum einen die Struktur selbst, die gegebenenfalls verstärkt werden muss. Aber auch die Gründung (oft Pfähle verschiedenster Typen) muss neu beurteilt werden. Nach mehreren Jahrzehnten sind jedoch für einige Bauwerke keine zuverlässigen Bestandsunterlagen verfügbar. Eine vollständige Freilegung der Pfähle verbietet sich aus Kostengründen sowie Verlust an Widerstand gegen Zug. Lediglich der Pfahlanschluss kann visuell begutachtet werden, um Pfahlzahl, -typ und Durchmesser zu bestimmen. Für die Bestimmung der Pfahllänge müssen zerstörungsfreie Verfahren eingesetzt werden. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurden von den Autoren teils im Blindversuch drei Verfahren evaluiert: die klassische Pfahlintegritätsprüfung nach der Hammerschlagmethode, eine mehrkanalige Variante hierzu und das Parallel-Seismik-Verfahren. Die ersten beiden Methoden lieferten an den untersuchten Pfählen nur in Einzelfällen verwertbare Ergebnisse. Die Parallel-Seismik-Methode lieferte auch im Blindversuch an Fundamenten, bei denen die Pfahllänge dem Eigentümer bekannt war, Ergebnisse mit einer Abweichung von max. 0,5 m. Diese Toleranz lässt sich bei der Standfestigkeitsbeurteilung berücksichtigen. Die Mehrkosten des Verfahrens (anders als bei den anderen Verfahren wird ein verrohrtes Bohrloch im Boden nahe dem Pfahl benötigt) halten sich in Grenzen, wenn man es in die geotechnische Untersuchung integriert. Daher wurde es inzwischen auch in der Praxis eingesetzt. Auch liegen die Gesamtkosten für die Untersuchung deutlich unter denen für eventuell notwendigen Ersatz – oder Verstärkungsmaßnahmen, die notwendig werden, wenn keine Daten zur Pfahllänge verfügbar sind. Der Vortrag erläutert die Ergebnisse der Machbarkeitsstudie, zeigt erste Praxisfälle und weist auf Möglichkeiten hin, das Parallel-Seismik Verfahren in Zukunft noch genauer und effizienter einzusetzen. T2 - 34. Baugrundtagung CY - Bielefeld, Germany DA - 15.09.2016 KW - Mast KW - Pfahl KW - Länge KW - Parallel-Seismik KW - Integritätsprüfung PY - 2016 SN - 9783946039013 SP - 31 EP - 36 PB - DGGT CY - Essen AN - OPUS4-37648 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fürst, M.A. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Osborne, J.L. A1 - Paxton, R.J. A1 - Brown, M.J.F. T1 - Disease associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators N2 - Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a risk to human welfare, both directly1 and indirectly, by affecting managed livestock and wildlife that provide valuable resources and ecosystem services, such as the pollination of crops2. Honeybees (Apis mellifera), the prevailing managed insect crop pollinator, suffer from a range of emerging and exotic high-impact pathogens3,4, and population maintenance requires active management by beekeepers to control them. Wild pollinators such as bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are in global decline5,6, one cause of which may be pathogen spillover from managed pollinators like honeybees7,8 or commercial colonies of bumblebees9. Here we use a combination of infection experiments and landscape-scale field data to show that honeybee EIDs are indeed widespread infectious agents within the pollinator assemblage. The prevalence of deformed wing virus (DWV) and the exotic parasite Nosema ceranae in honeybees and bumblebees is linked; as honeybees have higher DWV prevalence, and sympatric bumblebees and honeybees are infected by the same DWV strains, Apis is the likely source of at least one major EID in wild pollinators. Lessons learned from vertebrates10,11 highlight the need for increased pathogen control in managed bee species to maintain wild pollinators, as declines in native pollinators may be caused by interspecies pathogen transmission originating from managed pollinators. PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12977 SN - 0028-0836 SN - 1476-4687 VL - 506 SP - 364 EP - 366 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London AN - OPUS4-32884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Fürst, M.A. A1 - Caspar, J. A1 - Theodorou, P. A1 - Brown, M.J.F. A1 - Paxton, R.J. T1 - A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees N2 - 1.Declining populations of bee pollinators are a cause of concern, with major repercussions for biodiversity loss and food security. RNA viruses associated with honeybees represent a potential threat to other insect pollinators, but the extent of this threat is poorly understood. 2.This study aims to attain a detailed understanding of the current and ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease (EID) transmission between managed and wild pollinator species across a wide range of RNA viruses. 3.Within a structured large-scale national survey across 26 independent sites, we quantify the prevalence and pathogen loads of multiple RNA viruses in co-occurring managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and wild bumblebee (Bombus spp.) populations. We then construct models that compare virus prevalence between wild and managed pollinators. 4.Multiple RNA viruses associated with honeybees are widespread in sympatric wild bumblebee populations. Virus prevalence in honeybees is a significant predictor of virus prevalence in bumblebees, but we remain cautious in speculating over the principle direction of pathogen transmission. We demonstrate species-specific differences in prevalence, indicating significant variation in disease susceptibility or tolerance. Pathogen loads within individual bumblebees may be high and in the case of at least one RNA virus, prevalence is higher in wild bumblebees than in managed honeybee populations. 5.Our findings indicate widespread transmission of RNA viruses between managed and wild bee pollinators, pointing to an interconnected network of potential disease pressures within and among pollinator species. In the context of the biodiversity crisis, our study emphasizes the importance of targeting a wide range of pathogens and defining host associations when considering potential drivers of population decline. KW - Apis KW - Bombus KW - Decline KW - Pathogen KW - Spillover PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12345 SN - 1365-2656 SN - 0021-8790 VL - 84 SP - 615 EP - 624 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-32885 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -