TY - CONF
A1 - Lengas, Nikolaos
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva
A1 - Neitsch, Marcel
A1 - Johann, Sergej
A1 - Zehn, M. W.
T1 - FEA of the mechanical response of installed impact target foundations in drop tests of dangerous goods packagings
N2 - Packagings for the transport of dangerous goods need to meet special requirements to get an approval. This includes free fall drop testing onto an essentially unyielding surface as a means to assess a package’s resistance to mechanical damage. A main requirement for drop tests is that the impact target’s mass shall be at least 50 times that of the heaviest package to be tested. Nevertheless, many manufacturers do not possess foundation structures with the required mass ratio. Previous evidence highlights that the mass ratio is not a decisive criterion on its own. Parameters such as the impact target foundation’s connection and the impulse experienced by the impacting object are essential as well. However, these factors are not easily verifiable since experimental measurements are not possible at most facilities. The objective of this work is to provide a detailed analysis on the interaction between impact target foundation and subgrade in dynamic impact testing using validated finite-element (FE) models. This research is highly beneficial for industrial application since it allows manufacturers to make informed predictions about the mechanical response of installed impact target foundations.
T2 - FEMS EUROMAT 2023
CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany
DA - 03.09.2012
KW - Dangerous goods packagings
KW - Drop test
KW - Foundation
KW - Structural dynamics
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58213
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmitt, M.
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Baensch, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung
N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalten der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt, wird genormt und muss letztlich Normen anwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestaltet haben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DINSpiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexpert*innen für die Mitarbeit autorisieren.
Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DINSpiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Normung
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Qualifizierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600726
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29496
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-60072
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Costabel, S.
A1 - Hiller, Thomas
A1 - Dlugosch, R.
A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine
A1 - Müller Petke, M.
T1 - Evaluation of single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance technology for usage in geosciences
N2 - Because of its mobility and ability to investigate exposed surfaces, single-sided (SiS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology enables new application fields in geosciences. To test and assess its corresponding potential, we compare longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) data measured by SiS NMR with those of conventional geoscientific laboratory NMR. We use reference sandstone samples covering a broad range of pore sizes. Our study demonstrates that the lower signal-to-noise ratio of SiS NMR data generally tends to slightly overestimated widths of relaxation time distributions and consequently pore size distributions. While SiS and conventional NMR produce very similar T1 relaxation data, unbiased SiS NMR results for T2 measurements can only be expected for fine material, i.e. clayey or silty sediments and soils with main relaxation times below 0.05s. This limit is given by the diffusion relaxation rate due to the gradient in the primary magnetic field associated with the SiS NMR. Above that limit, i.e. for coarse material, the relaxation data is strongly attenuated. If considering the diffusion relaxation time of 0.2 s in the numerical data inversion process, the information content >0.2s is blurred over a range larger than that of conventional NMR. However, our results show that principle range and magnitudes of the relaxation time distributions are reconstructed to some extent. Regarding these findings, SiS NMR can be helpful to solve geoscientific issues, e.g. to assess the hydro-mechanical properties of the walls of underground facilities or to provide local soil moisture data sets for calibrating indirect remote techniques on the regional scale. The greatest opportunity provided by the SiS NMR technology is the acquisition of profile relaxation data for rocks with significant bedding structures at the µm scale. With this unique feature, SiS NMR can support the understanding and modeling of hydraulic and diffusional anisotropy behavior of sedimentary rocks.
KW - Single-sided NMR
KW - Geosciences
KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561676
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac9800
SN - 0957-0233
VL - 34
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - IOP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-56167
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hiller, Th.
A1 - Costabel, S.
A1 - Müller-Petke, M.
A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine
T1 - Evaluation of different laboratory NMR devices in a tripartite round robin test
N2 - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well established laboratory / borehole method to characterize the storage and transport properties of rocks due to its direct sensitivity to the corresponding pore fluid saturation (water or oil) and pore sizes.
For petrophysical applications there are several different NMR laboratory devices commercially available varying over a wide range of e.g. magnetic field strength / frequency (2 MHz to 30 MHz), applicable measurement protocols (T1, T2, T1-T2, T2-D, etc.) and sample sizes (2.5 cm to 10 cm in diameter). In this work we present NMR measurements, layed out in a round robin like manner, on a set of 20 sandstone samples. We use three different NMR devices containing two standard setups with homogenous magnetic fields (LIAG and RWTH) and one single-sided setup with gradient field (BGR) to measure T1 and T2 relaxation data. In our evaluation we especially focus on the comparison of the individually inverted relaxation time distributions to quantify the differences arising from different laboratory setups. Diverging results can be deduced on the one hand to the inherit differences between homogeneous and gradient fields but on the other hand also due to quality differences between the two homogeneous setups. Additionally, we also examine the influence of the individually chosen inversion parameters (signal processing, distribution sampling points, error weighting, regularization, etc.) to establish a general standardized best practice recommendation for future petrophysical NMR laboratory measurements.
T2 - 77. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 27.03.2017
KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
KW - Sandstone
PY - 2017
AN - OPUS4-43244
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Medina, A.
A1 - Ol, M. V.
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H.
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
T1 - High-Amplitude Surge of a Pitching Airfoil: Complementary Wind- and Water-Tunnel Measurements
N2 - RECENT interest in gust response, rotorcraft forward flight and wind energy, among other applications, has focused on streamwise oscillations of nominally two-dimensional airfoils in attached and separated flows. The airfoil may be simultaneously held at constant incidence or execute some maneuver, such as pitch.
The relative freestream is spatially uniform but temporally unsteady, and this can be accomplished in a ground-test facility in two ways. The first method is to vary the output of the prime mover, such as the rotational speed of the impeller or the blower driving a wind tunnel, or (alternatively) to vary the pressure drop in the tunnel, thereby varying the flow speed in the test section, despite nominally constant primemover revolutions per minute. The second method is used to keep the tunnel’s operating speed constant, as well as to move the test article in the streamwise direction, fore and aft (for example, via an electric linear motor), such that the relative freestream speed felt by the test article varies according to some waveform. Typically, the latter approach is chosen in water tunnels, where there is too much tunnel-circuit inertia to vary the flow speed directly but where the usually low tunnel test section flow speeds enable large excursions in the relative freestream by oscillation of the test article. In fact, outright reverse flow is possible by moving the test article in the laboratory frame at a higher speed than the water-tunnel flow speed. In either case, a sinusoidal relative-speed waveform is the most intuitively realizable, and this can be combined with similar oscillations in the airfoil incidence angle or other kinematics. Although the two methods of realizing streamwise oscillations are mechanically distinct, experimental comparisons between an oscillating test article in a water tunnel and a stationary test article in a wind tunnel with a louvermechanismhave demonstrated agreement in themeasured lift and drag histories. Such experimentswere performed by Granlund et al. for a 10% freestream amplitude oscillation and fixed airfoil incidence, comparing a free-surface water tunnel and a closed-circuit wind tunnel. After buoyancy was subtracted from the wind-tunnel data (resulting from the louver pressure drop) and the model inertia subtracted from the water-tunnel data (resulting from acceleration of the test article), the remaining lift and drag histories matched well at the low freestream oscillation amplitude regime. The work of Granlund et al. was later extended to high-advance-ratio streamwise oscillations of 50% amplitude by Greenblatt et al., where the aerodynamic histories of the water-tunnel and wind-tunnel facilities were compared in combined pitch and freestreamoscillations (governed by relative pitch phase), pure pitch oscillations, and purely freestream oscillations. Agreement between the two facilities’ data for fixed-incidence streamwise oscillations was reasonably good, and in fact, better than agreement in just the static lift and drag, evidently owing to differences in blockage and model-support systems. Additionally, Greenblatt et al. determined there was no strong coupling between simultaneous freestream oscillations and pitch oscillations on resultant lift and moment coefficients.
KW - Wind energy
KW - Dynamic stall
KW - Deep stall
KW - Airfoil surging
KW - Airfoil pitching
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J056408
SN - 0001-1452
SN - 1533-385X
VL - 56
IS - 4
SP - 1703
EP - 1709
PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AN - OPUS4-43994
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wolff, M.
A1 - Wonneberger, R.
A1 - Freiberg, K.E.
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Giebeler, L.
A1 - Koitzsch, A.
A1 - Kunz, C.
A1 - Weber, H.
A1 - Hufenbach, J.K.
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with different chemical composition
N2 - Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are amorphous metal alloys known for their unique physical and mechanical properties. In the present study, the formation of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the Zr-based BMGs Zr46Cu46Al8, Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 (Vit105) and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5 (Vit106) was investigated as a function of their different chemical composition. For this purpose, LIPSS were generated on the sample surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz). The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the impact of LIPSS formation on the structure and chemical surface composition was analyzed before and after fs-laser irradiation by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Despite the different chemical composition of the investigated BMGs, the fs-laser irradiation resulted in almost similar properties of the generated LIPSS patterns. In the case of Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Vit105 and Vit106, the surface analysis revealed the preservation of the amorphous state of the materials during fs-laser irradiation. The study demonstrated the presence of a native oxide layer on all pristine BMGs. In addition, fs-laser irradiation results in the formation of laser-induced oxide layers of larger thickness consisting of an amorphous ZrAlCu-oxide. The precise laser-structuring of BMG surfaces on the nanoscale provides a versatile alternative to thermoplastic forming of BMG surfaces and is of particular interest for the engineering of functional material surfaces.
KW - Bulk metallic glasses
KW - Femtosecond laser
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Chemical analysis
KW - Oxidation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581799
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103305
SN - 2468-0230
VL - 42
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58179
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stephan, H.
A1 - Walther, M.
A1 - Fähnemann, S.
A1 - Ceroni, P.
A1 - Molloy, J.K.
A1 - Bergamini, G.
A1 - Heisig, F.
A1 - Müller, C.E.
A1 - Kraus, Werner
A1 - Comba, P.
T1 - Bispidines for dual imaging
N2 - The efficient transformation of the hexadentate bispidinol 1 into carbamate derivatives yields functional bispidines enabling convenient functionalization for targeted imaging. The BODIPY-substituted bispidine 3 combines a coordination site for metal ions, such as radioactive 64CuII, with a fluorescent unit. Product 3 was thoroughly characterized by standard analytical methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction, radiolabeling, and photophysical analysis. The luminescence of ligand 3 was found to be strongly dependent on metal ion coordination: CuII quenches the BODIPY fluorescence, whereas NiII and ZnII ions do not affect it. It follows that, in imaging applications with the positron emitter 64CuII, residues of its origin from enriched 64Ni and the decay products 64NiII and 64ZnII, efficiently restore the fluorescence of the ligand. This allows for monitoring of the emitted radiation as well as the fluorescence signal. The stability of the 64CuII–3 complex is investigated by transmetalation experiments with ZnII and NiII, using fluorescence and radioactivity detection, and the results confirm the high stability of 64CuII–3. In addition, metal complexes of ligand 3 with the lanthanide ions TbIII, EuIII, and NdIII are shown to exhibit emission of the BODIPY ligand and the lanthanide ion, thus enabling dual emission detection.
KW - Bispidines
KW - Chelates
KW - Imaging agents
KW - Lanthanides
KW - Radiolabeling
KW - Nuclear medical application
KW - Radioactive labelling
KW - SPECT
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201404086
SN - 0947-6539
SN - 1521-3765
VL - 20
IS - 51
SP - 17011
EP - 17018
PB - Wiley-VCH Verl.
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-32320
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Thoralf
A1 - Heyn, Andreas
A1 - Balzer, Martin
A1 - Fenker, M.
T1 - Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Magnesium auf das Korrosionsverhalten von TiMgN - Hartstoffbeschichtungen auf Stahlsubstraten
N2 - Hartstoffbeschichtungen werden heutzutage in vielen praktischen Bereichen zur Verbesserung der Verschleißbeständigkeit und aus dekorativen Gründen auf verschiedenste Stahlbauteile aufgebracht. Beim unvermeidlichen Kontakt mit einem umgebenden wässrigen Medium über Schichtporen und-fehler sind die beschichteten metallischen Substratwerkstoffe jedoch der Gefahr lokaler Korrosion ausgesetzt, was mittel-oder langfristig zum Funktionsverlust der Bauteile führen kann. Ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Veränderung der mechanisch-technologischen, optischen sowie elektrochemischen Eigenschaften hartstoffbeschichteter Bauteile ist der Einbau des Elements Magnesium in den physikalisch abgeschiedenen Überzug (z.B. TiN). Untersuchungen von Fenker et al., die die Charakterisierung dieser neuartigen TiMgN-Überzüge zum Ziel hatten, konnten zeigen, dass sich mit zunehmenden Mg-Gehalt die Farbe des Überzugs von dem typischen goldgelb des TiN über violett, blau bis hin zu metallisch grau verändert und weiterhin die Oxidationsbeständigkeit deutlich gesteigert wird. Weiterhin zeigte sich in 24-stündigen neutralen Salzsprühtest, dass sich die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der mit TiMgN beschichteten Stähle mit steigendem Mg-Gehalt deutlich verbessern und die Korrosion des Stahlsubstrats zeitlich verzögert wird. Ausgehend von diesen phänomenologischen Beobachtungen wurden drei verschiedene Arbeitshypothesen über die elektrochemische Wirkungsweise des Magnesiums im TiMgN-Schichtsystem entwickelt, die ursächlich für die verbesserte Korrosionsbeständigkeit seien können. Die drei Arbeitshypothesen sind: · Potentialanpassung: Das Mg verringert das Freie Korrosionspotential der Schicht, welches sich dem des Stahlsubstrates annähert, womit Lochkorrosion verhindert bzw. verzögert wird. · Galvanische Anode/Opferanode: Das elektrochemisch unedlere Mg in dem Schichtsystem geht bei Vorhandensein von freiliegendem Fe bevorzugt in Lösung und schützt so den Stahl als galvanische Anode. · Versiegeln kleiner Schichtdefekte: Ausgefallene Korrosionsprodukte von Mg verschließen vorübergehend Schichtdefekte und verhindern bzw. verzögern das Vordringen des Korrosionsmediums zum Stahl.
T2 - 15. Sommerkurs Werkstoffe und Fügen am Institut für Werkstoff- und Fügetechnik
CY - Magdeburg, Germany
DA - 12.09.2014
PY - 2014
SN - 978-3-940961-85-3
SP - 187
EP - 196
AN - OPUS4-31476
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hösl, Simone
A1 - Neumann, B.
A1 - Techritz, Sandra
A1 - Linscheid, M.
A1 - Theuring, F.
A1 - Scheler, C.
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Müller, Larissa
T1 - Development of a calibration and standardization procedure for LA-ICP-MS using a conventional ink-jet printer for quantification of proteins in electro- and western-blot assays
N2 - We developed new procedures for internal standardization and calibration to be used for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for elemental micro mapping imaging of biological samples like Western blot membranes and tissue sections. These procedures are based on printing of metal spiked inks onto the top of thin layer samples for simultaneous internal standardization and calibration of LA-ICP-MS. In the case of internal standardization the ink is spiked with indium as an internal standard and homogenously printed over the entire membrane (size 56 cm2) prior to LA-ICP-MS detection, a standard deviation (RSD) value of 2% was achieved. In the second approach the metal content of lanthanide tagged proteins and antibodies after biological work flows was quantified by LA-ICP-MS on nitro-cellulose membranes. In this case the inks spiked with varying metals were printed with different densities on the same nitrocellulose membranes in well-defined squares to produce matrix-matched calibration standards. For validation and calibration the ink squares were excised and the specific metal content was measured by liquid ICP-MS after solubilization of the membrane slice. For the printed calibration standard limits of detection (LOD) of <4 fmol for different metals and relative process standard deviations of 12% only were determined via LA-ICP-MS.
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00060a
SN - 0267-9477
SN - 1364-5544
VL - 29
IS - 7
SP - 1282
EP - 1291
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-31171
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, Jan-Paul
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.-N.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Westad, Frank
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Process spectroscopy in microemulsions — Raman spectroscopy for online monitoring of a homogeneous hydroformylation process
N2 - A major industrial reaction based on homogeneous catalysis is hydroformylation for the production of aldehydes from alkenes and syngas. Hydroformylation in microemulsions, which is currently under investigation at Technische Universität Berlin on a mini-plant scale, was identified as a cost efficient approach which also enhances product selectivity. Herein, we present the application of online Raman spectroscopy on the reaction of 1-dodecene to 1-tridecanal within a microemulsion. To achieve a good representation of the operation range in the mini-plant with regard to concentrations of the reactants a design of experiments was used. Based on initial Raman spectra partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were calibrated for the prediction of 1-dodecene and 1-tridecanal. Limits of predictions arise from nonlinear correlations between Raman intensity and mass fractions of compounds in the microemulsion system. Furthermore, the prediction power of PLSR models becomes limited due to unexpected by-product formation. Application of the lab-scale derived calibration spectra and PLSR models on online spectra from a mini-plant operation yielded promising estimations of 1-tridecanal and acceptable predictions of 1-dodecene mass fractions suggesting Raman spectroscopy as a suitable technique for process analytics in microemulsions.
KW - Raman
KW - Online
KW - Chemometrics
KW - Hydroformylation
KW - Mini-plant
KW - Microemulsion
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa54f0
SN - 1361-6501
SN - 0957-0233
VL - 28
IS - 3
SP - 035502-1
EP - 035502-11
PB - IOP Publishing Ltd
CY - UK
AN - OPUS4-39032
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Jan P.
A1 - Götschel, S.
A1 - Weiser, M.
A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane
T1 - Thermografie mit optimierter Anregung für die quantitative Untersuchung von Delaminationen in kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Kunststoffen
N2 - Da kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) in anspruchsvollen sicherheitsrelevanten Einsatzgebieten wie im Automobilbau und in der Luftfahrt eingesetzt werden, besteht ein zunehmender Bedarf an zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethoden. Ziel ist die Gewährleistung der Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit der eingesetzten Bauteile. Aktive Thermografieverfahren ermöglichen die effiziente Prüfung großer Flächen mit hoher Auflösung in wenigen Arbeitsschritten. Ein wichtiges Teilgebiet der Prüfungen ist die Ortung und Charakterisierung von Delaminationen, die sowohl bereits in der Fertigung als auch während der Nutzung eines Bauteils auftreten können, und dessen strukturelle Integrität schwächen.
In diesem Beitrag werden CFK-Strukturen mit künstlichen und natürlichen Delaminationen mit Hilfe unterschiedlich zeitlich modulierter Strahlungsquellen experimentell untersucht. Verwendet werden dabei Anregungen mit Blitzlampen und mit frequenzmodulierten Halogenlampen. Mittels Filterfunktionen im Zeit- und Frequenzbereich wird das Kontrast-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis (CNR) der detektierten Fehlstellen optimiert. Verglichen werden anschließend die Nachweisempfindlichkeit, das CNR und die Ortsauflösung der zu charakterisierenden Delaminationen für die unterschiedlichen Anregungs- und Auswertungstechniken. Ergänzt werden die Experimente durch numerische Simulationen des dreidimensionalen Wärmetransportes.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2017
CY - Koblenz, Germany
DA - 22.05.2017
KW - CFK
KW - Contrast Noise Ratio
KW - Lock-in Thermografie
KW - Gepulste Thermografie
KW - Kurzzeit-Fouriertransformation
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-404276
SN - 978-3-940283-85-6
VL - DGZfP BB 162
SP - Mi.1.A.4, 1
EP - 11
AN - OPUS4-40427
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Westad, Frank
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Repke, J.-U.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online Spectroscopy in Microemulsions – A Process Analytical Approach for a Hydroformylation Mini-plant
N2 - Within the Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins is studied in a mini-plant, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro¬emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the high sensitivity of this multi-phase system with regard to changes in temperature and composition demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve a reliable and economic plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both online NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control. The lab-scale experiments were supported by off-line GC-analysis as a reference method.
A fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer was directly integrated into the reactor. 25 mixtures with varying concentrations of olefin (1-dodecene), product (n-tridecanal), water, n-dodecane, and technical surfactant (Marlipal 24/70) were prepared according to a D-optimal design. Online NMR spectroscopy was implemented by using a flow probe equipped with 1/16” PFA tubing serving as a flow cell. This was hyphenated to the reactor within a thermostated bypass to maintain process conditions in the transfer lines.
Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established based on the initial spectra after activation of the reaction with syngas for the prediction of unknown concentrations of 1-dodecene and n-tridecanal over the course of the reaction in the lab-scale system. The obtained Raman spectra do not only contain information on the chemical composition but are further affected by the emulsion properties of the mixtures, which depend on the phase state and the type of micelles. Based on the spectral signature of both Raman and NMR spectra, it could be deduced that especially in reaction mixtures with high 1-dodecene content the formation of isomers as a competitive reaction was dominating. Similar trends were also observed during some of the process runs in the mini-plant. The multivariate calibration allowed for the estimation of reactants and products of the hydroformylation reaction in both laboratory setup and mini-plant.
T2 - 4th European Conference on Process Analytics and Control Technology (EuroPACT 2017)
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.05.2017
KW - Microemulsions
KW - Process Analytical Technology
KW - Reaction Monitoring
KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy
KW - Online Raman Spectroscopy
PY - 2017
SP - 64
EP - 64
CY - Frankfurt a. M.
AN - OPUS4-40228
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Jan P.
A1 - Götschel, S.
A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane
A1 - Weiser, M.
T1 - Determining the Material Parameters for the Reconstruction of Defects in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers from Data Measured by Flash Thermography
N2 - Flash thermography is a fast and reliable non-destructive testing method for the investigation of defects in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. In this paper numerical simulations of transient thermography data are presented, calculated for a quasi-isotropic flat bottom hole sample. They are compared to experimental data. These simulations are one important step towards the quantitative reconstruction of a flaw by assessing thermographic data. The applied numerical model is based on the finite-element method, extended by a semi-analytical treatment of the boundary of the sample, which is heated by the flash light. A crucial part for a reliable numerical model is the prior determination of the material parameters of the specimen as well as of the experimental parameters of the set-up. The material parameters in plane and in depth diffusivity are measured using laser line excitation. In addition, the absorption and heat transfer process of the first layers is investigated using an IR microscopic lens. The performance of the two distinct components of CFRP during heating – epoxy resin and carbon fibers – is examined. Finally, the material parameters are optimized by variation and comparison of the simulation results to the experimental data. The optimized parameters are compared to the measured ones and further methods to ensure precise material parameter measurements are discussed.
T2 - 43rd Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation
CY - Atlanta, GA, USA
DA - 17.07.2016
KW - Aktive Thermografie
KW - Thermische Diffusivität
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff
KW - CFK
KW - Active thermography
KW - Thermal diffusivity
KW - Non-Destructive testing
KW - Carbon fiber reinforced polymer
KW - CFRP
PY - 2017
SN - 978-0-7354-1474-7
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974671
SN - 0094-243X
VL - 1806
IS - 1
SP - UNSP 100006-1
EP - 11
PB - AIP Publishing
CY - Melville, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-39332
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Process spectroscopy in microemulsions - setup and multi-spectral approach for reaction monitoring of a homogeneous hydroformylation process
N2 - Reaction monitoring in disperse systems, such as emulsions, is of significant technical importance in various disciplines like biotechnological engineering, chemical industry, food science, and a growing number other technical fields. These systems pose several challenges when it comes to process analytics, such as heterogeneity of mixtures, changes in optical behavior, and low optical activity. Concerning this, online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for process monitoring in complex reaction mixtures due to its unique direct comparison abilities, while at the same time being non-invasive and independent of optical properties of the sample. In this study the applicability of online-spectroscopic methods on the homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation system of 1-dodecene to tridecanal is investigated, which is operated in a mini-plant scale at Technische Universität Berlin. The design of a laboratory setup for process-like calibration experiments is presented, including a 500 MHz online NMR spectrometer, a benchtop NMR device with 43 MHz proton frequency as well as two Raman probes and a flow cell assembly for an ultraviolet and visible light (UV/VIS) spectrometer. Results of high-resolution online NMR spectroscopy are shown and technical as well as process-specific problems observed during the measurements are discussed.
KW - Online-spectroscopy
KW - Quantitative NMR spectroscopy
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Microemulsions
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa54f3
SN - 0957-0233
SN - 1361-6501
VL - 28
IS - 3
SP - 035501-1
EP - 035501-11
PB - IOP Publishing Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-39091
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant I – Experimental setup and NMR reaction monitoring
N2 - Hydroformylation represents an important homogeneous catalyzed process, which is widely used within chemical industry. Usually applied with simple alkenes like Propene and Butene aldehydes obtained from alkenes >C6 are relevant intermediates in production of plasticizers, surfactants and polymers. Today the active catalyst species is often based on valuable Rhodium complexes in aqueous solution. This implies the problem of limited water solubility of the reactands, which is acceptable for short chain lengths, but states a problem in case of higher alkenes. Along with that efficient separation and recycling of the catalyst becomes more complicated. There are different approaches tackling this problem, e.g., by using of salt formation in the BASF process or downstream distillation within the Shell process
T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Wien, Austria
DA - 30.11.2015
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Emuslions
KW - Hydroformylation
KW - Online NMR spectroscopy
KW - Reaction monitoring
PY - 2015
SP - 51
EP - 51
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38845
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Westad, Frank
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant II - Calibration and prediction by Raman spectra
N2 - The Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT aims to establish a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro-emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the temperature and concentration sensitive multi-phase system demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve an operational and economically feasible plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control assistance. The lab-scale experiments were supported by sampling for off-line GC-analysis as reference analytics. The results of the NMR experiments will be part of another contribution.
T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Wien, Austria
DA - 30.11.2015
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie
KW - Emulsions
KW - Hydroformylation
KW - Reaction monitoring
KW - Raman spectroscopy
PY - 2015
SP - 66
EP - 67
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38846
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gianneo, A.
A1 - Carboni, M.
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
T1 - PAUT inspection of copper canister: structural attenuation and POD formulation
N2 - For inspection of thick-walled (50mm) copper canisters for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden, ultrasonic inspection using phased array technique (PAUT) is applied. Because thick-walled copper is not commonly used as a structural material, previous experience on Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing for this type of application is limited. The paper presents the progress in understanding the amplitudes and attenuation changes acting on the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing inspection of copper canisters. Previous studies showed the existence of a low pass filtering effect and a heterogeneous grain size distribution along the depth, thus affecting both the detectability of defects and their "Probability of Detection" determination. Consequently, the difference between the first and second back wall echoes were not sufficient to determine the local attenuation (within the inspection range), which affects the signal response for each individual defect. Experimental evaluation of structural attenuation was carried out onto step-wedge samples cut from full-size, extruded and pierced&drawn, copper canisters. Effective attenuation values has been implemented in numerical simulations to achieve a Multi Parameter Probability of Detection and to formulate a Model Assisted Probability of Detection through a Monte-Carlo extraction model.
T2 - 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE)
CY - Minneapolis, MN, USA
DA - 26.07.2015
KW - Phased array ultrasonic testing
KW - POD
KW - Copper
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4940649
SN - 0094-243X
VL - 1706
SP - Article: 200005, 1
EP - 13
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-37592
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Musolff, Andre
A1 - Nakagami, M.
A1 - Komatsuki, S.
A1 - Tamaki, H.
A1 - Kishimoto, J.
A1 - Fujisawa, K.
A1 - Nishio, T.
ED - Quercetti, Thomas
T1 - Experimental testing of RAM packages within Japanese German projects
N2 - In context with Japanese disposal and transport container safety assessment the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung) per-formed extensive drop test series with prototypes of RAM packages in recent years.
The paper presents two cooperative projects focused on project management, testing performance and experimental results.
In the first project, a full-scale prototype of a package for transport and storage of spent fuel elements with a total mass of 127,000 kg and its reduced-scale model which was similar to the prototype in both geometry and design were drop tested in 9 m and 1 m puncture tests at various drop orientations under regulatory conditions. In context with a corresponding research project the test data was used in combination with numerical methods to investigate the phenomenon of internal cask- content collisions during drop tests. Here, technological gaps between basket or radioactive content and cask body or primary lid can be a reason for significant high dynamic loadings of cask components and its internals due to additional impact interactions in the cask cavity caused by inner relative movement between content and cask. Further investigations were carried out in the field of similarity mechanics comparing experimental drop test data of the full-scale prototype and reduced-scale model in regard to the transferability of package impact response from reduced-scale models to full-scale packages.
In the second project, drop tests with a waste container for intermediate depth disposal were per-formed being contracted by Kobe Steel, Ltd. and a consortium of Japanese electric power plant com-panies. The drop test program comprised three single 8-m drop tests in a specimen’s corner edge orientation. For drop tests according to legal regulations for interim storage or final disposal it is often necessary to use a target which represents the real ground of the storage facility. In such cases the container hits directly onto a well-defined concrete slab on top of the IAEA target. Here, the directly impact target for the drop tests were concrete slabs manufactured in Japan and connected by mortar to the impact pad of the unyielding IAEA target.
KW - Drop testing
KW - Package
PY - 2016
SP - Paper 1043, 1
EP - 13
CY - Kobe, Japan
AN - OPUS4-37557
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Repke, J.-U.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Prozessanalytik für die moderne Verfahrenstechnik – Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie im mizellaren Stoffsystem
N2 - Homogen katalysierte Reaktionen sind wichtige Werkzeuge der chemischen Industrie. Milde Reaktionsbedingungen und hohe Selektivitäten führen zu einer energie- und ressourcenschonenden Produktion. Ein bedeutender Prozessschritt ist die Hydroformylierung. Hier kommen Kobalt- und Rhodiumkomplexe mit mehrzähnigen Liganden zum Einsatz, die zumeist in wässriger Lösung vorliegen. Die Anwendbarkeit beschränkt sich demnach auf kurzkettige Edukte mit hinreichender Wasserlöslichkeit.
T2 - ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen 2016
CY - Aachen, Germany
DA - 12.09.2016
KW - Hydroformylierung
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie
KW - NMR-Spektroskopie
KW - Raman-Spektroskopie
KW - Mizellen
PY - 2016
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cite.201650219/epdf
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650219
SN - 1522-2640
VL - 88
SP - 1304
EP - 1317
PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-37316
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Debatin, F.
A1 - Thomas, A.
A1 - Kelling, A.
A1 - Hedin, N.
A1 - Bacsik, Z.
A1 - Senkovska, I.
A1 - Kaskel, S.
A1 - Junginger, M.
A1 - Müller, H.
A1 - Schilde, U.
A1 - Jäger, Christian
A1 - Friedrich, A.
A1 - Holdt, H.-J.
T1 - In situ synthesis of an imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate ligand and formation of a microporous zinc-organic framework with H2-and CO2-storage ability
KW - Metal-organic framework
KW - Synthesis
KW - XRD
KW - FTIR
KW - NMR
KW - Gas sorption
KW - Microporous materials
KW - N,O ligands
KW - Solvothermal synthesis
PY - 2010
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200906188
SN - 1433-7851
SN - 1521-3773
SN - 0570-0833
VL - 49
IS - 7
SP - 1258
EP - 1262
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-21132
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Nakagami, M.
A1 - Komatsuki, S.
A1 - Musolff, André
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Droste, Bernhard
A1 - Fujisawa, K.
T1 - Disposal container safety assessment - drop tests with 'Yoyushindo-disposal' waste container onto concrete target
N2 - This paper presents technical details of the drop test performance as well as some experimental results of tests carried out with the Japanese 'Yoyushindo-Disposal' waste container for intermediate depth disposal. The drop test program comprised three single 8 m drop tests at the specimen's corner edge orientation onto a concrete slab. The slab was connected to the unyielding IAEA target of the BAM's 200 t drop test facility. The three tested specimens had masses between 20 000 and 28 000 kg depending on their content mass. The tests were accompanied by various metrology, such as strain and deceleration measurements, optical three-dimensional deformation methods, leak tightness testing and test installation for potential particle release measurements to collect a set of data for establishing a basis for safety assessment.
KW - Drop test
KW - Disposal container
KW - Safety
PY - 2010
DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/174650910X12681251630291
SN - 1746-5095
SN - 1746-5109
SN - 0957-476X
VL - 21
IS - 3
SP - 132
EP - 141
PB - Ramtrans Publ.
CY - Ashford
AN - OPUS4-22613
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Müller, H. S.
A1 - Fenchel, M.
A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert
A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane
A1 - Krause, Martin
A1 - Gardei, André
A1 - Mielentz, Frank
A1 - Milmann, Boris
A1 - Röllig, Mathias
A1 - Wöstmann, Jens
T1 - Zerstörungsfreie Ortung von Gefügestörungen in Betonbodenplatten
N2 - Das Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens „Zerstörungsfreie Ortung von Gefügestörungen in Betonbodenplatten“ bestand in der Entwicklung eines Untersuchungskonzepts zur sicheren Ortung und Erfassung von Gefügestörungen in einseitig zugänglichen Betonplatten durch den kombinierten Einsatz verschiedener zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren. Hierfür wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit der folgenden Messverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer Aussageschärfe, Anwendungsgrenzen und Messgeschwindigkeit bei praxisnahen Randbedingungen untersucht:
- Impakt-Echo, manuelle Impaktauslösung
- Impakt-Echo, automatisierte Impaktauslösung
- Ultraschall-Echo mit multistatischem Array
- Impuls-Thermografie
- Radar
Als Versuchskörper dienten sechs liegend hergestellte Betonplatten der Abmessungen 200/200/30 cm aus zwei verschiedenen Betongüten und mit unterschiedlichem Bewehrungsgehalt (Bewehrungsgrade 0 %, 0 ,9 %, 2 ,6 %), von denen vier Platten auf trockenem und zwei Platten auf ständig nass gehaltenem Sand gelagert waren. Alle sechs Platten enthielten jeweils dieselben künstlich eingebrachten Fehlstellen: vier quadratische Kiesnester in unterschiedlicher Tiefe mit Kantenlängen zwischen 10 und 15 cm sowie drei oberflächennahe Hohlstellen (Ø 4/6/8 cm). Zur Erfassung eines möglichen Einflusses des Betonalters wurden die Messungen 4 Tage, 28 Tage sowie 180 Tage nach Herstellung der Platten durchgeführt.
Um aus den Untersuchungen einen breiten Nutzen für die Praxis zu erzielen, basierten die eingesetzten Messverfahren auf handelsüblichen Geräten, welche jedoch bezüglich ihres Messprinzips und insbesondere der Datenerfassung und -auswertung weiterentwickelt wurden. Die Fehlstellengröße wurde bewusst klein gewählt.
Mit Ausnahme des manuellen Impakt-Echo-Verfahrens, mit welchem unter Verwendung der Originalsoftware des Herstellers keine Fehlstellen nachweisbar waren, zeigten sich alle Messverfahren geeignet, unter verschiedenen Randbedingungen Gefügestörungen zu lokalisieren. Insgesamt wurde jeder Fehlstellentyp von zumindest einem Verfahren bei mindestens zwei Versuchskörpern detektiert. Es konnten jedoch an keiner Betonplatte mit einem einzelnen Messverfahren alle vorhandenen Fehlstellen an allen Messterminen geortet werden.
Am häufigsten wurden die beiden großen oberflächennahen Fehlstellen (Hohlstelle Ø 8 cm, Kiesnest 10 cm) erkannt. Am schwersten zu lokalisieren waren die kleine Hohlstelle mit 4 cm Durchmesser sowie die beiden auf der Unterseite gelegenen Kiesnester.
Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung zerstörungsfreier Messverfahren in der Praxis die Auswahl des am besten geeigneten Verfahrens bzw. einer Kombination verschiedener Verfahren jeweils auf die vorliegende Problemstellung abgestimmt sein muss.
Für Betonbodenplatten mit hohem Feuchtegehalt (junger Beton) oder starker Bewehrung ist entweder das Ultraschall- oder das Impakt-Echo-Verfahren geeignet. Das Ultraschall-Verfahren wird von hohen Bewehrungsgehalten zwar stärker beeinflusst als das Impakt-Echo-Verfahren, besitzt aber eine bessere Auflösung und ermöglicht auch im oberflächennahen Bereich eine quantitative Bestimmung der Fehlstellentiefe. Das Impakt-Echo-Verfahren kann wegen der niederfrequenten Impulsanregung Fehlstellen erst in größeren Tiefen und mit schlechterer Auflösung nachweisen, ist aber ideal geeignet zur Bestimmung der Plattendicke aufgrund seines signifikanten Rückwandechos. Sowohl das Radar-Verfahren als auch die Impuls-Thermografie können bei hohen Feuchte- und Bewehrungsgehalten nur sehr oberflächennah eingesetzt werden.
Bei trockenem Beton und geringen bis mittleren Bewehrungsgehalten liefert das Radar-Verfahren sehr gute Ergebnisse. In kurzer Zeit ermöglicht es eine flächendeckende Ortung der Tiefenlage und Größe von Inhomogenitäten bei guter Auflösungsgenauigkeit. Vorhandene Bewehrung wird deutlich abgebildet, kann aber darunterliegende Fehlstellen verschatten. Alternativ kann die Impuls-Thermografie für die Ortung oberflächennaher Gefügestörungen eingesetzt werden. Das Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere bei Oberflächen, die nicht direkt zugänglich sind, da zwischen Infrarotkamera und Messobjekt nur Sichtkontakt bestehen muss.
Die Betongüte hatte bei keinem eingesetzten Verfahren einen erkennbaren Einfluss auf die Messergebnisse. Streng genommen ist dies jedoch nur für den Einfluss des Wasserzementwertes, der Zementart und des Zementgehalts bei gleichbleibender Sieblinie und gleicher Kornart gültig. Bei Verwendung von Leichtzuschlag sind abweichende Ergebnisse denkbar.
PY - 2010
SN - 978-3-410-65075-1
SN - 0171-7197
IS - 589
SP - 1
EP - 88
PB - Beuth
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-22699
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Streicher, Doreen
A1 - Krause, Martin
A1 - Kohl, Christoph
A1 - Schickert, M.
A1 - Kroggel, O.
A1 - Müller, W.
T1 - Parameters for the Quantitative Assessment of Ulrasonic Imaging for Concrete Elements
N2 - Ultrasonic investigation is an established non-destructive testing method for detection of defects and material characterisation. In the last years scanning ultrasonic echo methods were developed especially for the application in civil engineering.
The different scanning ultrasonic echo methods are modified with respect to the type of the transducer applied, the number and the arrangement of transducers and the frequency used. Also different algorithms are used to analyse the measured data, for instance SAFT (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique) reconstruction. The results are typically presented as B- and C-scans, obtained from raw data or the SAFT reconstructed data.
Since 2001 several German research institutes co-operate within the scope of the research initiative Non-destructive Evaluation of Concrete Structures Using Acoustic and Electromagnetic Echo-Methods (FOR 384) supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). One of the tasks is to investigate these ultrasonic echo methods for special applications like the detection of cavities in concrete structures or faults in tendon ducts.
Concrete test specimens with intentional faults have been manufactured and investigated. Parameters were defined to assess the results more objectively. Currently three parameters -signal/noise-ratio, lateral edge resolution and uniformity- are considered. For the first time results of different working groups on the same imaged objects are compared quantitatively. It should help to get more knowledge about the ultrasonic inspection of typical faults in civil engineering structures.
T2 - 6th International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 2003-09-16
PY - 2003
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/p050/p050.htm
SN - 3-931381-49-8
SP - 1(?)
EP - 12(?)
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-2751
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schickert, M.
A1 - Krause, Martin
A1 - Müller, W.
T1 - Ultrasonic Imaging of Concrete Elements Using Reconstruction by Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique
N2 - Ultrasonic reconstruction by the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) has a great potential to image concrete elements and detect embedded objects. Its algorithm focuses ultrasonic signals received at many aperture points by coherent superposition, yielding a high-resolution image of the region of interest. Using this approach, several problems caused by the strongly inhomogeneous structure of concrete are diminished, where scattering of transmitted pulses leads to disturbing phenomena such as attenuation and structural noise. This contribution is intended to review the work of the writers on the application of SAFT reconstruction to concrete testing. First, consequences of scattering of ultrasonic waves in concrete are qualitatively explained. Then the use of SAFT is discussed in comparison to traditional A-scan and B-scan techniques. Different reconstruction algorithms and implementations are presented for one-, two-, and three-dimensional SAFT. Pulse-echo measurement systems are described, which are able to acquire large sets of data on linear and planar apertures employing single transducer, transducer array, and scanning laser Doppler vibrometer arrangements. To illustrate the application of the SAFT techniques, examples from laboratory and field experiments are described comprising imaging of back walls, tendon ducts containing faults, layers, and reinforcement in concrete elements.
KW - Imaging techniques
KW - Concrete
KW - Acoustic detection
PY - 2003
DO - https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:3(235)
SN - 0899-1561
SN - 1943-5533
IS - May/June
SP - 235
EP - 246
PB - American Society of Civil Engineers
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-2752
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Altantsog, Pagvajav
A1 - Ojunbileg, L.
A1 - Palam, B.
A1 - Tserenshimed, M.
A1 - Chadraabal, Shgdariin
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Gaber, Martin
T1 - Some experimental results of glass melting by using sands from Buir nuur
N2 - We have carried out some laboratory experiments to establish possibilities to melt 16Na2O*10CaO*74SiO2 glasses from consisting of mainly quarz sands of Buir nuur lake. When the sands used directly, the formed glasses had slight blue colour, the origin of which may be connected with aluminium and iron impurities in the sands. Presence of these impurities is confirmed by chemical analyse and ESR study data. Allso have been studied liquid gas extraction phenomena in the sands and melted glass samples and determined some physical properties of them.
PY - 2002
VL - 17
SP - 107
EP - 115
AN - OPUS4-3118
LA - mon
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kolar, J.
A1 - Strlic, M.
A1 - Müller-Hess, D.
A1 - Gruber, A.
A1 - Troschke, K.
A1 - Pentzien, Simone
A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang
T1 - Near-UV and visible pulsed laser interaction with paper
N2 - The applicability of excimer laser at 308 nm and Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm with fluences below 0.86 J/cm2 for cleaning of cellulose and paper materials was evaluated. The extent of degradation of purified cotton cellulose and Fabriano paper after laser treatment as well as after a period of accelerated humid oven ageing was determined by following the changes in the degree of polymerization. While irradiation of paper with the excimer laser at 308 nm results in depolymerization of cellulose accompanied by a decrease in ISO brightness, no detrimental effects of Nd:YAG laser treatments were observed.
PY - 2000
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(00)00149-7
SN - 1296-2074
SN - 1778-3674
VL - 1
IS - sup.1
SP - 221
EP - 224
PB - Elsevier
CY - Paris
AN - OPUS4-5979
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmelzer, J.W.P.
A1 - Potapov, O. V.
A1 - Fokin, V. M.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
T1 - The effect of elastic stress and relaxation on crystal nucleation in lithium disilicate glass
N2 - In the framework of a general theoretical approach recently developed, the effect of elastic stresses on the rate of nucleation of crystallites of critical sizes in the process of crystallization of lithium disilicate glasses is studied. Hereby both the evolution of elastic stresses due to changes in the specific volume of the crystallizing system (i.e., differences in the densities of the melt and the crystal) and their relaxation connected with viscous flow are taken into consideration. If the classical theory of nucleation is employed for the determination of the nucleation rates (modified by taking into account elastic stresses), elastic stresses may lead, for the system under consideration, to a decrease of the nucleation rate by up to two orders of magnitude. As shown, the theory allows an at least qualitatively correct incorporation of the effect of elastic stresses and stress relaxation into the description of nucleation phenomena in glass-forming melts.
PY - 2004
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.10.002
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 333
IS - 2
SP - 150
EP - 160
PB - North-Holland Publ. Co.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-6236
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller-Hess, D.
A1 - Troschke, K.K.
A1 - Kolar, J.
A1 - Strlic, M.
A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang
A1 - Pentzien, Simone
T1 - Laserreinigung von Papier - Zwischenbericht des Eurocare-Projektes 1681 LACLEPA
PY - 2001
SN - 0933-4017
IS - 8
SP - 604
EP - 610
PB - Callwey
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-6282
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nakagami, M.
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Komatsuki, S.
A1 - Fujisawa, K.
A1 - Nishio, T.
A1 - Musolff, André
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Droste, Bernhard
T1 - Waste container drop tests onto a concrete target
N2 - The paper presents technical details of the drop test performance as well as some experimental results of tests carried out with the Japanese 'Yoyushindo-disposal' waste container for intermediate depth disposal. The tests were accompanied by various metrology to collect data as basis for safety assessment.
T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials
CY - London, UK
DA - 2010-10-03
KW - Waste container
KW - Drop test
KW - Concrete target
PY - 2010
SP - 1
EP - 8 (Paper 367)
AN - OPUS4-27045
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Schadrack, Reinhard
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Burgstedt, F.
A1 - Brode, W.
A1 - Reetz, R.
T1 - Hochtemperatur-Laserprofilometrie an keramischen Bauteilen
N2 - Hochleistungssinterwerkstoffe spielen eine wachsende Rolle in derzeitigen Schlüsseltechnologien wie der Mikrosystem-, Informations-, Kommunikations- und Medizintechnik.
Dabei steigen die Anforderungen an die präzise Steuerung der Sinterung. Besonders für komplexe, gradierte oder heterogen zusammengesetzte Formkörper wie zum Beispiel keramische LTCC-Multilayer für die Mikrosystemtechnik hat die exakte Beherrschung dieses Prozessschrittes wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Maßhaltigkeit, mechanische Integrität und Zuverlässigkeit der gesinterten Bauteile. Bedingt durch die Heterogenität der mehrlagigen und mit Leit- und anderen Funktionspasten bedruckten Sinterkörper hinsichtlich ihrer sinterphysikalischen oder thermischen Eigenschaften können bleibende
oder temporäre Verwerfungen beim Schrumpfungsprozess auftreten, wobei letztere unter Umständen Ursache latenter Fehler im späteren Bauteil sind.
PY - 2013
SN - 0173-9913
SN - 0196-6219
VL - 90
IS - 3
SP - D19
EP - D24
PB - Göller
CY - Baden-Baden
AN - OPUS4-28013
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Berger, Georg
A1 - Ploska, Ute
A1 - Gross, U.
A1 - Mesgarian, M.
A1 - Müller-Mai, Ch.
A1 - Voigt, C.
T1 - Tissue response in the femur of rabbits after implantation of a new calcium titanium phosphate composition
KW - Bone Bonding
KW - Calcium Titanium Phosphate
KW - Coated Implants
KW - Tissue Response
PY - 2001
SN - 1013-9826
VL - 192-195
SP - 383
EP - 386
PB - Trans Tech Publ.
CY - Aedermannsdorf
AN - OPUS4-1044
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter
A1 - Schöch, M.
A1 - Müller, G.
A1 - Hahne, D.-B.
T1 - Strukturuntersuchungen an Makromonomeren für partiell kristalline polymere Netzwerke
T2 - Vortragstagung "Funktionspolymere für Systemlösungen"
CY - Darmstadt, Germany
DA - 2002-03-18
PY - 2002
AN - OPUS4-1806
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Streicher, Doreen
A1 - Kroggel, O.
A1 - Schickert, M.
A1 - Müller, W.
T1 - Ultraschallecho an Beton - Definition von Kenngrößen zur Beurteilung der Leistungsfähigkeit von bildgebenden Verfahren
N2 - Zusammenfassung
Durch die Entwicklung verschiedener Longitudinal- und Transversalwellenprüfköpfe, der variierenden Prüfkopfanordnung und -anzahl in Arrays sowie der verwendeten Erregerfrequenzen stehen derzeit mehrere Ultraschall-Verfahren für Untersuchungen an Betonbauteilen im Echobetrieb zur Verfügung. Darüber hinaus können verschiedene Verfahren für die Auswertung der Messergebnisse, u. a. SAFT-Rekonstruktionsberech-nungen (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique), genutzt werden.
Um die Leistungsfähigkeit der Verfahren spezifizieren und auch vergleichen zu können, sind geeignete Kenngrößen erforderlich.
Zu diesem Zweck wurden vorerst drei Kenngröße - das Signal/Rausch-Verhältnis s, die Laterale Auflösung D x und die Gleichmäßigkeit der Abbildung g - definiert und auf Untersuchungsergebnisse zu einem bekannten Prüfobjekt angewendet. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Bohrung in einem Betontestkörper aus Normalbeton B 35, die parallel zur Messfläche eingebracht wurde.
In diesem Beitrag werden die Definitionen und die am Beispiel der Bohrung ermittelten Kenngrößen vorgestellt. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass anhand der vorgestellten Definitionen die Kenngrößen für jedes Verfahren prinzipiell ermittelt werden können. Eine Beurteilung der Werte kann derzeit noch nicht erfolgen. Dazu müssen sich Untersuchungen an weiteren bekannten Objekten anschließen, u. a. auch an gezielt konzipierten Testkörpern, an denen die Einflüsse ausgewählter Objekteigenschaften auf die verfahrensabhängigen Kenngrößen untersucht werden sollen.
T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2002
CY - Weimar, Deutschland
DA - 2002-05-06
PY - 2002
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp02/papers/p31/p31.htm
SN - 3-931381-39-0
N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V.
IS - 80-CD
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-1979
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Busch, R.
A1 - Tielemann, Christopher
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Patzig, C.
A1 - Krause, M.
A1 - Höche, T.
T1 - Sample preparation for analytical scanning electron microscopy using initial notch sectioning
N2 - A novel method for broad ion beam based sample sectioning using the concept of initial notches is presented. An adapted sample geometry is utilized in order to create terraces with a well-define d step in erosion depth from the surface. The method consists of milling a notch into the surface, followed by glancing-angle ion beam erosion, which leads to preferential erosion at the notch due to increased local surface elevation. The process of terrace formation can be utilized in sample preparation for analytical scanning electron microscopy in order to get efficient access to the depth-dependent microstructure of a material. It is demonstrated that the method can be applied to both conducting and non-conducting specimens. Furthermore, experimental parameters influencing the preparation success are determined. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, an electron backscatter diffraction study on a surface crystallized diopside glass ceramic is performed, where the method is used to analyze orientation dependent crystal growth phenomena occurring during growth of surface crystals into the bulk.
KW - 3D etching
KW - Ion beam erosion Sectioning
KW - EBSD
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Analytical scanning electron microscopy
KW - SEM
KW - Glass Ceramic
KW - Glass
KW - Diopsid
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2021.103090
SN - 0968-4328
VL - 150
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-53075
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kurtenbach, Dirk
A1 - Ade, M.
A1 - Müller, E.
A1 - Mitchell, B.S.
ED - Klimanek, P.
T1 - Keimbildungs- und Kristallisationskinetik amorpher SiC-Strukturen
T2 - Winterschule "Simulationstechniken in der Materialwissenschaft"
CY - Cämmerswalde, Deutschland
DA - 1999-02-22
KW - Keimbildungskinetik
KW - Kristallisationskinetik
KW - Siliciumorganische Polymere
PY - 1999
SN - 3-86012-078-6
N1 - Serientitel: Freiberger Forschungshefte / B – Series title: Freiberger Forschungshefte / B
IS - 295
SP - 293
EP - 300
PB - Techn. Univ. Bergakad.
CY - Freiberg
AN - OPUS4-759
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Prado, M. O.
A1 - Zanotto, E. D.
T1 - Model for sintering polydispersed glass particles
N2 - We propose a model to describe the sintering kinetics of polydispersed glass particles, having no adjustable parameter. The model is based on three sintering stages: a pure Frenkel' (F) first step, a mixed Frenkel/MackenzieShuttleworth' stage, and a third, pure MackenzieShuttleworth' (MS) step. The model considers sample shrinkage as the sum of the partial shrinkage of several clusters, each consisting of equally sized particles and each showing independent F or MS behavior. The overall set of clusters mimics the specimen's real particle size distribution. We then introduce the concept of neck forming ability, which allows the formation of necks among particles of different sizes, relaxing the clustering condition. Using experimental physical parameters: particle size distribution, viscosity, surface energy, and the theoretical neck forming ability, the model describes well the sintering kinetics of an alumino-borosilicate glass powder having polydispersed, irregular shaped particles in a variety of temperatures. The sintering kinetics of the real powder is slower, but not far from the calculated kinetics of a monodispersed distribution containing only particles of average size. Thus the model provides a tool for estimating the sintering kinetics of real glass powders, for any size distribution and temperature, thus minimizing the number of laboratory experiments.
PY - 2001
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00399-9
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 279
IS - 2-3
SP - 169
EP - 178
PB - North-Holland Publ. Co.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-935
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kirilina, E.
A1 - Helbling, S.
A1 - Morawski, M.
A1 - Pine, K.
A1 - Reimann, K.
A1 - Jankuhn, S.
A1 - Dinse, J.
A1 - Deistung, A.
A1 - Reichenbach, J. R.
A1 - Trampel, R.
A1 - Geyer, S.
A1 - Müller, Larissa
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Arendt, T.
A1 - Bazin, P.-L.
A1 - Weiskopf, N.
T1 - Superficial white matter imaging: Contrast mechanisms and whole-brain in vivo mapping
N2 - Superficial white matter (SWM) contains the most cortico-cortical white matter connections in the human brain encompassing the short U-shaped association fibers. Despite its importance for brain connectivity, very little is known about SWM in humans, mainly due to the lack of noninvasive imaging methods. Here, we lay the groundwork for systematic in vivo SWM mapping using ultrahigh resolution 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. Using biophysical modeling informed by quantitative ion beam microscopy on postmortem brain tissue, we demonstrate that MR contrast in SWM is driven by iron and can be linked to the microscopic iron distribution. Higher SWM iron concentrations were observed in U-fiber–rich frontal, temporal, and parietal areas, potentially reflecting high fiber density or late myelination in these areas. Our SWM mapping approach provides the foundation for systematic studies of interindividual differences, plasticity, and pathologies of this crucial structure for cortico-cortical connectivity in humans.
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Laser ablation
KW - ICP-MS
KW - Brain
KW - Imaging
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-514430
DO - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz9281
SN - 2375-2548
VL - 6
IS - 41
SP - eaaz9281
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science (Science/AAAS)
CY - Washington, DC, USA
AN - OPUS4-51443
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weise, Frank
A1 - Redmer, Bernhard
A1 - Müller, Urs
A1 - Hübner, M.
T1 - Condition assessment of ancient architectural monuments in the Pergamon museum - The combined application of NDT-methods for structural investigations
KW - ZFP
PY - 2008
SN - 0344-5089
VL - 21
SP - 23
EP - 32
PB - Staatliche Museen
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-18585
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Elagin, Mstislav
A1 - Bellon, Carsten
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe
A1 - Scharmach, M.
A1 - Redmer, Bernhard
A1 - Ryden, H.
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
ED - Bièth, M.
ED - Whittle, J.
T1 - POD (Probability of Detection) Evaluation of NDT Techniques for Cu-Canisters for Risk Assessment of Nuclear Waste Encapsulation
T2 - 5th International Conference on NDE in Relation to Structural Integrity for Nuclear and Pressurised Components
CY - San Diego, CA, USA
DA - 2006-05-10
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Zuverlässigkeit
KW - POD
PY - 2007
SN - 978-92-79-06107-3
SN - 1018-5593
N1 - Serientitel: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports – Series title: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports
IS - Paper 1005
SP - 274
EP - 295
PB - Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
CY - Luxembourg
AN - OPUS4-15887
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weise, Frank
A1 - Maier, Bärbel
A1 - Alonso, M. T.
A1 - Müller, C.
T1 - Analyse des Verhaltens von Gesteinskörnungen im Beton bei Frosttauwechselbeanspruchung
N2 - Die hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen erfolgten im Rahmen eines von der AiF geförderten Verbundforschungsvorhabens „Frost- und Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand von Beton unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der verwendeten Gesteinskörnung“. Sie waren insbesondere Bestandteil des gemeinsam vom VDZ und der BAM bearbeiteten Teilprojektes „Prüfung der Gesteinskörnung im Beton“, Die Basis für die Auswahl der zu untersuchenden Gesteinskörnungen bildeten die Teilprojekte der Bauhaus Universität Weimar zur Petrographie sowie der TU München zum Frost- und Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand der Gesteinskörnung, Ausgangspunkt des Vorhabens war die Feststellung, dass die Beurteilung des Frost und Frost-Tausalz-Widerstandes von Gesteinskörnungen mit Laborprüfverfahren an der Gesteinskörnung und im Beton, je nach verwendetem Prüfverfahren und Grenzwerten, zu einer unterschiedlichen Klassifizierung führen kann, Bisher kann bei keiner Form der Prüfung des Frost- bzw. Frost-Tausalz-Widerstandes an der Gesteinskörnung ausgeschlossen werden, dass die Gesteinskörnung in dieser Prüfung ein anderes Verhalten aufweist, als später im Bauwerk im einbetonierten Zustand.
In diesem Beitrag wird ausschließlich das Frostverhalten ausgewählter Gesteinskörnungen in XF3-Betonen unter Verwendung eines Portlandzements CEM I 32,5 R dargestellt. Es werden betontechnologische Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Frostverhaltens eines Betons, der mit einer nicht frostbeständigen Gesteinskörnung hergestellt wurde, aufgezeigt. Zur Verfolgung der inneren frostinduzierten Gefügeveränderung kamen neben konventionellen Prüftechniken auch erstmals röntgentomografische Untersuchungen zum Einsatz.
T2 - 18. Ibausil - Internationale Baustofftagung
CY - Weimar, Germany
DA - 12.09.2012
PY - 2012
SN - 978-3-00-034075-8
VL - 2
IS - 3.07
SP - 2-0453
EP - 2-0467
AN - OPUS4-26546
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Massiot, D.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Hübert, Thomas
A1 - Schneider, M.
A1 - Kentgens, A.
A1 - Coté, B.
A1 - Coutures, J.
A1 - Gessner, W.
T1 - Double rotation and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study of 27Al: reexamination of the aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3
N2 - 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of polycrystalline aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 have been measured in double rotation at 11.7 and 7.0 T and high-speed magic-angle spinning at 7.0, 9.4, 11.7, 14.1 and 17.6 T. Spinning sidebands from the satellite transitions were observed at 7.0 and 14.1 T. Each of the four structural aluminium sites [Al(IV), Al(V)(1), Al(V)(2) and Al(VI)] are observed, characterised and assigned in the spectra. The obtained parameter set gives a fully consistent interpretation in agreement with the crystal structure of the compound.
KW - Aluminium
KW - Kernresonanz, magnetisch
KW - Winkel, magisch
KW - Doppelrotation
PY - 1995
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)00021-H
SN - 0926-2040
SN - 1527-3326
VL - 5
IS - 2
SP - 175
EP - 180
PB - Academ. Press
CY - Orlando, Fla.
AN - OPUS4-639
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Krause, Martin
A1 - Bärmann, R.
A1 - Frielinghaus, R.
A1 - Kreschmar, F.
A1 - Krogge, O.
A1 - Langenberg, K.
A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane
A1 - Müller, W.
A1 - Neisecke, J.
A1 - Schickert, M.
A1 - Schmitz, V.
A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert
A1 - Wollbold, F.
ED - Schickert, G.
T1 - Comparison of pulse-echo-methods for testing concrete
T2 - International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 1995-09-26
KW - Beton
KW - Radar
KW - Aufprallecho
KW - Ultraschall
KW - Prüfung
PY - 1995
SN - 3-931381-02-1
N1 - Serientitel: BB / DGZfP – Series title: BB / DGZfP
SP - 281
EP - 295
PB - DGZfP, Dt. Ges. für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V.
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-593
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, V.
A1 - Marko, A.
A1 - Kruse, T.
A1 - Biegler, M.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Analysis and recycling of bronze grinding waste to produce maritime components using directed energy deposition
N2 - Additive manufacturing promises a high potential for the maritime sector. Directed Energy Deposition (DED) in particular offers the opportunity to produce large-volume maritime components like propeller hubs or blades without the need of a costly casting process. The post processing of such components usually generates a large amount of aluminum bronze grinding waste. The aim of the presented project is to develop a sustainable circular AM process chain for maritime components by recycling aluminum bronze grinding waste to be used as raw material to manufacture ship Propellers with a laser-powder DED process. In the present paper, grinding waste is investigated using a dynamic image Analysis system and compared to commercial DED powder. To be able to compare the material quality and to verify DED process parameters, semi-academic sample geometries are manufactured.
T2 - LiM 2021
CY - Munich, Germany
DA - 21.06.2021
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - Maritime Components
KW - Powder Analysis
KW - Recycling
KW - Directed Energy Deposition
PY - 2021
SP - 1
EP - 9
AN - OPUS4-54067
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jaeger, Carsten
A1 - Ritter, D.
A1 - Goeritzer, M.
A1 - Thiele, A.
A1 - Blumrich, A.
A1 - Beyhoff, N.
A1 - Luettges, K.
A1 - Smeir, E.
A1 - Kasch, J.
A1 - Grune, J.
A1 - Müller, O.
A1 - Klopfleisch, R.
A1 - Foryst-Ludwig, A.
A1 - Kintscher, U.
T1 - Liver X Receptor Agonist AZ876 Induces Beneficial Endogenous Cardiac Lipid Reprogramming and Protects Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Damage
N2 - Background - It is known that dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve cardiac function. However, relatively high daily doses are required to achieve sufficient cardiac concentrations of beneficial omega‐3 fatty acids. The liver X receptor (LXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor and a crucial regulator of lipid homeostasis in mammals. LXR activation has been shown to endogenously reprogram cellular lipid profiles toward increased polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Here we studied whether LXR lipid reprogramming occurs in cardiac tissue and exerts cardioprotective actions.
Methods and Results - Male 129SV mice were treated with the LXR agonist AZ876 (20 µmol/kg per day) for 11 days. From day 6, the mice were injected with the nonselective β‐agonist isoproterenol for 4 consecutive days to induce diastolic dysfunction and subendocardial fibrosis while maintaining systolic function. Treatment with isoproterenol led to a marked impairment of global longitudinal strain and the E/e' ratio of transmitral flow to mitral annular velocity, which were both significantly improved by the LXR agonist. Histological examination showed a significant reduction in isoproterenol‐induced subendocardial fibrosis by AZ876. Analysis of the cardiac lipid composition by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry revealed a significant increase in cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels and a significant reduction in saturated fatty acids by AZ876.
Conclusions - The present study provides evidence that the LXR agonist AZ876 prevents subendocardial damage, improves global longitudinal strain and E/e' in a mouse model of isoproterenol‐induced cardiac damage, accompanied by an upregulation of cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Cardiac LXR activation and beneficial endogenous cardiac lipid reprogramming may provide a new therapeutic strategy in cardiac disease with diastolic dysfunction.
KW - Heart failure
KW - Lipids
KW - Liver X receptor
KW - Diastolic dysfunction
KW - Nuclear receptor
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529352
DO - https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019473
VL - 10
IS - 14
SP - e019473
AN - OPUS4-52935
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Torge, Manfred
A1 - Müller, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Brödner, Doris
A1 - Wilke, Olaf
A1 - Pilz, M.
T1 - Schadstoffbelastungen in Ausstellungsvitrinen und Simulation der Bedingungen im Labor
T2 - 28. Jahrestagung der GUS
CY - Pfinztal bei Karlsruhe, Deutschland
DA - 1999-03-10
KW - Kulturguterhaltung
KW - Umweltsimulation
PY - 1999
SN - 3-9806167-3-8
SP - 16-1-16-14
CY - Pfinztal
AN - OPUS4-3233
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Jakob, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Häringer, D.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Loubet, F.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by means of sensor systems, the European Project SysPAQ
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - Sensor systems
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Perceived intensity
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 326
SP - 1
EP - 4
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-20106
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gogula, Shravya
A1 - Bornhöft, H.
A1 - Wondraczek, L.
A1 - Sierka, M.
A1 - Diegeler, A.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Optical Real-Time Castability Evaluation for High-Throughput Glass Melting
N2 - A novel optical real-time method for evaluating the castability of glass forming melts for laboratory furnaces is presented. The method is based on the analysis of top view images of the melt surface inside the crucible during melting after being subjected to a small mechanical impulse. In this way, the melt surface is excited to oscillate. The difference in contrast between two images taken in quick succession scales with the viscosity, with a larger difference occurring at lower viscosities. The method is designed as an instrument for the in-line evaluation of the castability for a high-throughput glass melting system as part of the joint project “GlasDigital” in the framework of the German Platform Material Digital initiative but is applicable to other laboratory furnaces as well.
KW - Optical Real-Time Castability Check
KW - Image Analysis
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618659
DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v2i.1359
VL - 2
SP - 83
EP - 93
AN - OPUS4-61865
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
A1 - Schweiger, M.
T1 - Lastabhängige Schwindung von Glaspulvern
N2 - Glasig-kristalline Sinterwerkstoffe werden für vielfältige Anwendungen eingesetzt. Bei einem hohen Glasanteil ist ein Einfluss geringer Lasten auf das Schwindungsverhalten möglich, so dass es zu Fehlinterpretationen des Schwindungsverhaltens bei gebräuchlichen Horizontaldilatometer kommen kann.
T2 - 75. Glasetechnische Tagung
CY - Wernigerode, Germany
DA - 21.05.2001
KW - Glasig-kristalline Sinterwerkstoffe
KW - Schwindungsverhalten
KW - Horizontaldilatometer
PY - 2001
AN - OPUS4-35786
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Schadrack, Reinhard
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Reetz, R.
T1 - Hochtemperatur-Laserprofilometrie für keramische Proben
N2 - Das Hochtemperatur-Laserprofilometer der BAM4 ermöglicht eine 3D-Formerkennung an keramischen Folien oder anderen flachen Objekten während thermischer Behandlungen wie zum Beispiel bei laufenden Entbinderungs- oder Sinterprozessen. Mit dem Lasertriangulationssensor werden das Höhenprofil, die lateralen und axialen Schwindungen und andere charakteristische Maße der Probe wie die Folienbreite und -dicke, Abstände zwischen spezifischen Merkmalen oder Krümmungen bestimmt. Somit können insbesondere auch Deformationen und Verwerfungen der Objekte sowie Schwindungsinhomogenitäten an strukturierten Objekten erkannt und mit dem Herstellungsprozess verknüpft werden.
T2 - DKG Jahrestagung 2012
CY - Nuremberg, Germany
DA - 05.03.2012
KW - 3D-Formerkennung
KW - Lasertriangulationssensor
KW - Deformationen
KW - Schwindungsinhomogenitäten
PY - 2012
AN - OPUS4-35787
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pan, Z.
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Duval, A.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Krishnan, N. M. A.
A1 - Wondraczek, K.
A1 - Wondraczek, L.
T1 - Precise Real‐Time Measurement of Liquid Viscosity Using Digital Video Data
N2 - Quantitative knowledge of liquid viscosity is of fundamental importance in many areas of materials synthesis and processing. However, the determination of viscosity often relies on specialized experimental equipment, offline experimentation, or invasive procedures, in particular when required in extreme conditions such as at high temperature, high pressure, and in confined or corrosive environments. Here, this study proposes and validates a fast and simple method that mimics the intuitive perception of liquid flow within a quantitative framework. For this, this study employs digital video observation to derive quantitative values of the shear viscosity of liquids, with high precision and rapid acquisition rates. The technique involves capturing liquid dynamics after minor mechanical stimulation. Processed imaging data are indexed by similarity and referenced to a digital database generated with a finite element model, from which values of viscosity are obtained in line. The approach is tested on water at room temperature and on a high‐temperature glass melt. Covering a viscosity range of four orders of magnitude, both yield convincing agreement with tabulated reference data at low computational cost.
KW - Image analyses
KW - Liquids
KW - Materials discovery
KW - Similarity analyses
KW - Viscosities
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634606
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500297
SN - 2640-4567
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-63460
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kiefer, P.
A1 - Maiwald, M.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Balzer, R.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Automated Analysis of Slow Crack Growth in Hydrous Soda-Lime Silicate Glasses
N2 - To explore the impact of ambient and structural water on static fatigue, the initiation and growth of 3279 Vickers induced median radial cracks were automatically recorded and analyzed. We find that humidity is more efficient in initiating cracks and promoting their growth than water, which is dissolved in the glass structure. In particular for slow crack growth (< 3x10-6 m s-1), tests in dry nitrogen showed a considerable decrease in the crack growth exponent with increasing water content of the glasses. On the other hand, if tests were performed in humid air, the crack growth exponent was independent of the water content of the hydrous glasses, while stress intensity decreased slightly. These observations indicate that water promotes the processes at the crack-tip regardless of its origin. However, ambient water is more efficient.
KW - Indentation fracture toughness
KW - Slow crack growth
KW - Automated analysis
KW - Hydrous glass
KW - Vickers indentation
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513085
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00268
VL - 7
SP - 268
AN - OPUS4-51308
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Burgstedt, F.
A1 - Brode, W.
T1 - Hochtemperatur shape screening keramischer Bauteile
N2 - Ziel des Projekts war die Entwicklung eines Laser-Messmoduls, mit dessen Hilfe die Formänderung keramischer Bauteile während des Sinterns erfasst werden kann. Dabei sollten durch eine kontinuierliche und simultane Vermessung der Probenkontur und der Oberflächentemperatur während des Brennprozesses neue Daten zum Sinterverhalten gewonnen werden, die u. a. auch eine FE-Modellierung dieser komplexen Prozesse überprüfen und ergänzen können. Dieses Ziel sollte am Beispiel großformatiger niedrig sinternder keramischer Folien für LTCC-Anwendungen verfolgt werden.
KW - Keramikherstellung
KW - Sintern
KW - Formmessung
KW - Kontur
KW - Lasermesstechnik
PY - 2010
UR - http://edok01.tib.uni-hannover.de/edoks/e01fb12/685831345.pdf
N1 - Schlussbericht (AZ: II D 5 – 25/06) zum Projekt im Rahmen des Programms "Unterstützung kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen bei der Umsetzung von Innovationen in den Bereichen Messen, Normen, Prüfen und Qualitätssicherung" (MNPQ-Transfer) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie
SP - 1
EP - 54
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-28373
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Schadrack, Reinhard
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Burgstedt, F.
A1 - Brode, W.
A1 - Reetz, R.
T1 - High-temperature laser profilometry for ceramic tapes
N2 - Advanced ceramics are promising key components for microsystems
engineering, communication Technology and medical engineering.
Driven by steadiiy increasing demands on dimensional accuracy of
components and Integration density, sintering has to be controlled at
an unprecedented degree of precision.
Being most crucial for components of complex shape, graded or heterogeneous-composed parts like LTCC multilayers for microsystems, precise control of sintering has a decisive influence on the dimensional accuracy, mechanical integrity and reliability of sintered components.
Thus, permanent or temporary shape distortions or warping during sintering may result from spatially heterogeneous microstructure and
temperature distribution, e.g. during the co-firing process of green
multilayer Stacks printed with metallization and other functional pastes.
Whereas permanent warping can be easily measured after sintering, temporary warping during firing is more difficult to measure. Nonetheless, this effect may cause latent failures later, which often limit the applicability of ceramic components.
PY - 2013
SN - 0173-9913
SN - 0196-6219
VL - 90
IS - 4
SP - E35
EP - E40
PB - Göller
CY - Baden-Baden
AN - OPUS4-28500
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Schadrack, Reinhard
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Burgstedt, F.
A1 - Brode, W.
A1 - Reetz, R.
ED - Kriegesmann, J.
T1 - Hochtemperatur-Laserprofilometrie an keramischen Bauteilen
N2 - Es wurde ein Gerät zur In-situ-Kontrolle des Sinterns keramischer Bauteile mit Hilfe der Hochtemperatur-Lasertriangulation aufgebaut. Durch Rotation der Probe und gleichzeitiger Positionierung des Laserabstandssensors erfolgt die dreidimensionale Erfassung der Topografie der Probenoberfläche. Derzeit können flache Proben mit den Maßen < 20 cm x 20 cm x 1 cm bis 1000 °C untersucht werden. Die örtliche Wiederholpräzision des verwendeten Lasersensors beträgt 10 µm bei 20 °C und 15 µm bei 1000 °C. Die lineare Positioniergenauigkeit des Sensors liegt bei 1 µm, die Winkelauflösung der Drehung des Probentellers beträgt 0,0025 °. Daten für ein 3D-Oberflächenprofil werden in etwa 2 bis 3 Minuten erzeugt. Spezielle Linienprofile erhält man bei einer Messzeit von wenigen Sekunden.
N2 - A device was designed for the in situ monitoring of sintering of ceramic components using high-temperature laser triangulation. By simultaneous rotation of the sample and positioning of the laser distance sensor at the same time a three-dimensional detection of the topography of the sample surface could be achieved. Currently, flat samples with dimensions < 20 cm x 20 cm x 1 cm can be examined up to 1000 °C. The local repeatability precision of the laser sensor used is 10 µm at 20 °C and 15 µm at 1000 °C. The linear positioning accuracy of the sensor is 1 µm, the angular resolution of the rotation of the sample plate is 0.0025 °. Data for a 3D surface profile can be obtained in about 2 to 3 minutes. Specific line profiles can be received at a measurement time of a few seconds.
PY - 2013
SN - 978-3-938595-00-8
VL - 135
IS - Kap. 6.3.1.0
PB - HvB-Verlag
CY - Ellerau
AN - OPUS4-28967
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Altantsog, Pagvajav
A1 - Ojunbileg, L.
A1 - Tserenshimed, M.
A1 - Chadraabal, Shgdariin
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Gaber, Martin
A1 - Batdemberel, G.
A1 - Sangaa, D.
T1 - Some experimental results of glass melting by using sands from Buir nuur
PY - 2002
VL - 1
SP - 103
EP - 118
AN - OPUS4-3113
LA - mon
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chadraabal, Shgdariin
A1 - Gaber, Martin
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Altantsog, Pagvajav
A1 - Tserenshimed, M.
A1 - Ojunbileg, L.
T1 - Degassing features of quartz crystals from the Mongolian pegmatite deposite Gorkhi
PY - 2001
VL - 28
SP - 76
EP - 83
AN - OPUS4-3114
LA - mon
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Thoralf
A1 - Heyn, Andreas
A1 - Fenker, M.
A1 - Balzer, Martin
T1 - Investigation on defect morphology and corrosion behaviour of TiMgN hard coatings on steel substrate
N2 - Nitride hard coatings, such as Titanium nitride and chromium nitride coatings are widely used for applications focussing on wear protection and decorative purposes. Also these coatings are often applied on low alloyed steel substrates. The inevitable contact of the coated components with the environment through pores and coating defects bears the danger of corrosion of the steel substrate followed by further delamination of the coating and a loss of function of the component. A new attempt to increase the corrosion behaviour of those physically deposited hard coating systems is the implementation of magnesium. The positive effect of magnesium could be verified already electrochemically. Performed experiments on TiMgN have shown that corrosion resistance could drastically improved with increasing Mg content of the TiMgN up to 30 at% compared to steel substrates with applied titanium nitride hard coatings. Besides the clarification of the electrochemical and phenomenological effect of the magnesium on the corrosion behaviour, an additional aim of this work is the investigation of the coating defects, defect morphologies and their influence on the local corrosion behaviour. For this the incorporation of the magnesium and its effects on the coating material, the influence of coating growth related defects and the effect of the coating structure on the corrosion behaviour should be experimental examined by using innovative surface and material analysis methods such as FIB and TEM. Furthermore the evolution of the coating defects should be investigated by combing confocal microscopy with a new developed exposure test method using the electrochemical indication test KorroPad. The function of the KorroPad test, which was developed and patented [1] at the BAM for the detection of corrosion sensitive steel surfaces by indicating dissolution of iron ions [1], allows the detection and identification of critical coating defects for further microscopic investigation. Additional to that the KorroPad test simulates an accelerated exposure test by simultaneous absence of the disadvantages of typical short time exposure test like salt spray tests. Thus it allows a monitoring and analysis of the evolution of the critical coating defects and their influence on the local corrosion behaviour and the overall corrosion mechanisms. The results of this work should contribute to the development of new hard coatings with improved corrosion protection properties and also to a better understanding of the corrosion mechanisms of coated steel substrates.
T2 - EUROCORR 2014 - European corrosion congress
CY - Pisa, Italy
DA - 08.09.2014
KW - Metallic coatings
KW - Cathodic protection
KW - Corrosion
PY - 2014
SN - 978-3-89746-159-8
SP - O
EP - 7473, 384
AN - OPUS4-31482
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Thoralf
A1 - Burkert, Andreas
A1 - Heyn, A.
A1 - Balzer, Martin
A1 - Fenker, M.
T1 - Investigation on the improved corrosion behavior of TiMgN hard coating on steel substrate
T2 - EUROCORR 2015 - European corrosion congress
CY - Graz, Austria
DA - 06.09.2015
KW - Hard coatings
KW - TiMgN
KW - Corrosion
PY - 2015
SP - paper 11.1_693
AN - OPUS4-34618
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Balzer, R.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Kiefer, P.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Fechtelkord, M.
T1 - Water in Alkali Aluminosilicate Glasses
N2 - To understand the influence of water and alkalis on aluminosilicate glasses, three polymerized glasses with varying ratios of Na/K were synthesized [(22. 5-x)Na2O-xK2O-22.5 Al2O3-55 SiO2 with x = 0, 7.5, and 11.25]. Subsequently, these glasses were hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O) in an internally heated gas pressure vessel. The density of hydrous glasses linearly decreased with water content above 1 wt%, consistent with the partial molar volume of H2O of 12 cm3/mol. Near-infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydroxyl groups are the dominant species at water content of <4 wt%, and molecular water becomes dominating at water content of >5 wt%. The fraction of OH is particularly high in the pure Na-bearing glass compared to the mixed alkali glasses. 27Al magic angle spinning-NMR spectroscopy shows that aluminum is exclusively fourfold coordinated with some variations in the local geometry. It appears that the local structure around Al becomes more ordered with increasing K/Na ratio. The incorporation of H2O reinforces this effect. The differential thermal analysis of hydrous glasses shows a significant mass loss in the range of glass transition already during the first upscan, implying the high mobility of water in the glasses. This observation can be explained by the open structure of the aluminosilicate network and by the low dissociation enthalpy of H2O in the glasses (≈ 8 kJ/mol). The effect of the dissolved H2O on the glass transition temperature is less pronounced than for other aluminosilicate glasses, probably because of the large fraction of Al in the glasses.
KW - NMR spectroscopy
KW - Alkali aluminosilicate glasses
KW - Water speciation
KW - Glass transition
KW - Infrared spectroscopy
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509497
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00085
VL - 7
SP - 85
AN - OPUS4-50949
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Denißen, M.
A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya
A1 - Behnke, Thomas
A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Müller, T. J. J.
T1 - 3-Piperazinyl propenylidene indolone merocyanines: consecutive three-component synthesis and electronic properties of solid-state luminophores with AIE properties
N2 - A series of twelve 3-piperazinyl propenylidene indolone merocyanines was synthesized in a one-pot fashion using a consecutive three-component insertion-coupling-Michael addition sequence. Physicalorganic treatment of the absorption data of a consanguineous series of this library allows semiquantitative Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFERs) to be established and confirmation of the positive Absorption solvatochromicity. All Boc-substituted piperazinyl merocyanines display aggregation induced Emission (AIE), which was corroborated for two solvent systems. In particular, crystallization-induced Emission enhancement (CIEE) induced by ultrasonication could be shown for a model chromophore by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
KW - Indolone merocyanines
KW - AIE
KW - CIEE
KW - CLSM
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7qm00198c
SN - 2052-1537
N1 - Geburtsname von Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N. - Birth name of Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N.
VL - 1
IS - 10
SP - 2013
EP - 2026
AN - OPUS4-43213
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Denißen, M.
A1 - Hannen, R.
A1 - Itskalov, D.
A1 - Biesen, L.
A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya
A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin
A1 - Reiss, G. J.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Müller, T. J. J.
T1 - One-pot synthesis of a white-light emissive bichromophore operated by aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) and partial energy transfer
N2 - Merocyanine–triarylamine bichromophores are readily synthesized by sequentially Pd-catalyzed insertion alkynylation–Michael–Suzuki four-component reactions. White-light emissive systems form upon aggregation in 1 : 99 and 0.1 : 99.9 vol% CH2Cl2–cyclohexane mixtures, ascribed to aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) in combination with partial energy transfer between both chromophore units as supported by spectroscopic studies.
KW - Energy transfer
KW - Nano
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Photoluminescence
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Quantum yield
KW - Photophysics
KW - Lifetime
KW - Sensor
KW - Dye
KW - Enhancement
KW - Particle
KW - Polarity
KW - AIE
KW - Aggregation
KW - Aggregation-induced emission
KW - Solid state emission
KW - Merocyanine
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03451g
VL - 56
IS - 54
SP - 7407
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-50936
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Rack, A.
A1 - Zabler, S.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Weidemann, Gerd
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Helfen, L.
A1 - Stiller, M.
A1 - Knabe, C.
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Banhart, J.
T1 - Nondestructive 3D insights into foamy metals and bioregenerative ceramics
KW - X-ray Computed Tomography
KW - Metal foams
KW - Bioregenerative ceramics
PY - 2008
UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/infos/bessy/highlights2007.pdf#page=34
SN - 1611-6127
SP - 34
EP - 35
PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-17538
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ast, S.
A1 - Fischer, Tobias
A1 - Müller, H.
A1 - Mickler, W.
A1 - Schwichtenberg, M.
A1 - Rurack, Knut
A1 - Holdt, H.-J.
T1 - Integration of the 1,2,3-triazole 'click' motif as a potent signalling element in metal ion responsive fluorescent probes
N2 - In a systematic approach we synthesized a new series of fluorescent probes incorporating donor–acceptor (D-A) substituted 1,2,3-triazoles as conjugative π-linkers between the alkali metal ion receptor N-phenylaza-[18]crown-6 and different fluorophoric groups with different electron-acceptor properties (4-naphthalimide, meso-phenyl-BODIPY and 9-anthracene) and investigated their performance in organic and aqueous environments (physiological conditions). In the charge-transfer (CT) type probes 1, 2 and 7, the fluorescence is almost completely quenched by intramolecular CT (ICT) processes involving charge-separated states. In the presence of Na+ and K+ ICT is interrupted, which resulted in a lighting-up of the fluorescence in acetonitrile. Among the investigated fluoroionophores, compound 7, which contains a 9-anthracenyl moiety as the electron-accepting fluorophore, is the only probe which retains light-up features in water and works as a highly K+/Na+-selective probe under simulated physiological conditions. Virtually decoupled BODIPY-based 6 and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) type probes 3–5, where the 10-substituted anthracen-9-yl fluorophores are connected to the 1,2,3-triazole through a methylene spacer, show strong ion-induced fluorescence enhancement in acetonitrile, but not under physiological conditions. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations were used to assess and support the underlying mechanisms for the new ICT and PET 1,2,3-triazole fluoroionophores.
KW - Charge transfer
KW - Click chemistry
KW - Electron transfer
KW - Fluorescent probes
KW - Metal ions
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201201575
SN - 0947-6539
SN - 1521-3765
VL - 19
IS - 9
SP - 2990
EP - 3005
PB - Wiley-VCH Verl.
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-27742
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Görner, Wolf
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Ulm, G.
A1 - Diete, W.
A1 - Klein, U.
A1 - Frahm, R.
T1 - BAMlin - the first hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II
N2 - The first hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II will be installed by BAM and PTB at a superconducting 7 T wavelength shifter. The main optical elements of the beamline are a Double-Multilayer-Monochromator and a Double-Crystal-Monochromator. The two devices can be used separately or in-line. Main applications of monochromatic radiation with photon energies up to 50 keV are X-ray fluorescence analysis, micro-computed tomography, X-ray topography, detector calibration and reflectometry. Calculable undispersed radiation up to 200 keV will be available for radiometric applications.
KW - Double-Multilayer-Monochromator with meridional bender
KW - Double-Crystal-Monochromator with sagittal bender
KW - X-ray fluorescence analysis
KW - Micro-computed tomography
KW - X-ray topography
KW - Detector calibration
KW - Reflectometry
PY - 2001
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00466-1
SN - 0168-9002
SN - 0167-5087
VL - 467-468
IS - 1
SP - 703
EP - 706
PB - North-Holland
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-1171
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Görner, Wolf
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Ulm, G.
T1 - The first hard X-rays at the BAMline
PY - 2001
UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2000.pdf#page=329
SN - 0179-4159
SP - 329
EP - 331
PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-1299
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Köppen, Robert
A1 - Steier, I.
A1 - Müller, M.
T1 - Fungal growth and mycotoxin production during coculltivation of phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains
T2 - 35. Mykotoxin-Workshop der Gesellschaft für Mykotoxinforschung e. V.
CY - Ghent, Belgium
DA - 2013-05-22
PY - 2013
AN - OPUS4-28580
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Seifert, Lando
A1 - Philipp, M.
A1 - Ebell, Gino
A1 - Moersch, J.
A1 - Müller, Thoralf
T1 - Gemeinsamer Schlussbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben - Entwicklung eines neuen Prüfverfahrens zur Beurteilung der Spannungsrisskorrosionsempfindlichkeit von Spannstählen für den Spannbetonbau
N2 - Für die Sicherheit von Spannbetonbauwerken ist eine Empfindlichkeitsprüfung von Spannstahlprodukten gegenüber der wasserstoffinduzierten Spannungsrisskorrosion zwingend erforderlich. Die derzeitig normativ festgelegten Prüfmethoden nach DIN EN ISO 15630-3 zeigen nachweislich Schwächen hinsichtlich der Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse und erschweren damit die eindeutige Bewertung der Empfindlichkeit. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens der Förderinitiative WIPANO des BMWK war es, die Prüfmethode hinsichtlich der Reproduzierbarkeit und Aussagesicherheit zu verbessern. Im Projekt wurden durch materialseitige, elektrolytische und verfahrenstechnische Parameteränderungen konstante und reproduzierbare Prüfbedingungen geschaffen. Dies ermöglichte eine eindeutige Differenzierung zwischen Gut- und Schlechtprodukten. Innerhalb des Projekts wurde ein Ringversuch initiiert, welcher die Anwendbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der neuen Prüfmethode bestätigte. Das neue Prüfverfahren wurde hinsichtlich der Anwendbarkeit für das Spannstahlerzeugnis Draht evaluiert. Ein entsprechender Normentwurf mit einem Vorschlag für ein Konformitätskriterium dieser Erzeugnisse wurde dem zuständigen ISO-Gremium präsentiert und zur Abstimmung überlassen. Nach aktueller Rückmeldung seitens des Gremiums wird der Normentwurf den Eingang in den informativen Anhang der Prüfnorm finden, dies könnte den Weg für eine Spiegelung auf europäischer und nationaler Normungsebene ebnen.
KW - Spannstahl
KW - Spannungsrisskorrosion
KW - ISO 15630-3
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - Permeationsmessung
KW - WIPANO
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-577922
DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-57792
SP - 1
EP - 106
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-57792
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Fedelich, Bernard
A1 - Affeldt, E. E.
A1 - Harders, H.
A1 - Marchal, N.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Onofrio, G.
A1 - Remy, L.
A1 - Toulios, M.
ED - Jaroslav Pokluda,
ED - Petr Lukás,
ED - Pavel Sandera,
ED - Ivo Dlouhý,
T1 - Experimental characterization of high temperature fatigue crack growth in a single crystal superalloy for gas turbine applications
T2 - 17th European Conference on Fracture (ECF17) - Multilevel Approach to Fracture of Materials, Components and Structures
CY - Brno, Czech Republic
DA - 2008-09-02
KW - Single Crystal Superalloy
KW - LCF
KW - Crack Growth
KW - Creep-Fatigue
KW - Oxidation
PY - 2008
SN - 978-80-214-3692-3
SP - 1336
EP - 1343
PB - VUTIUM Brno
AN - OPUS4-18268
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Levandowski, G. V.
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.
KW - Sugar cane bagasse
KW - Chicken manure ash
KW - Thermochemical treatment
KW - Nutrient
KW - Plant availability
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895
VL - 10
SP - 895
EP - 6
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-50973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst
A1 - Hübner, M.
A1 - Müller, H.
A1 - Kauther, R.
T1 - Qualitätssicherung überschnittener Bohrpfahlwände mit der Ultraschallmethode am Beispiel der Schleuse Dörverden
N2 - Überschnittene Bohrpfahlwände sind eine bewährte Konstruktionsmethode zur Herstellung tragender, hydraulisch dichter, tiefreichender Wände im Spezialtiefbau. Anders als bei Einzelpfählen gibt es bisher für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Pfahlwänden keine etablierte Vorgehensweise. Erste Versuche an Baustellen und Modellkörpern zeigten das Potential der Ultraschallmethode (cross-hole sonic logging) zur Prüfung der Fugen über mehrere Pfähle hinweg. An der Schleusenbaustelle Dörverden ergab sich die Möglichkeit, das Verfahren unter Realbedingungen einzusetzen und die Ergebnisse visuell durch Kernbohrungen und nach Aushub zu evaluieren. Dabei wurden die meisten der prognostizierten Fehlstellen bestätigt. Die Resultate wurden in einer Neuauflage der entsprechenden Regelwerke berücksichtigt.
T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2012 - Praktische Anwendungen zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen und Zukunftsaufgaben
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 23.02.2012
KW - Bohrpfahlwand
KW - Ultraschallmethode
PY - 2012
UR - http://www.bauwerksdiagnose2012.de/Portals/bwd2012/Dokumente/bb/v17.pdf
SN - 978-3-940283-40-5
IS - Vortrag 17
SP - 1
EP - 11
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-27337
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
A1 - Eng, M.
A1 - Müller, Werner
T1 - Stand der Dinge bei Kunststoff-Dränelementen und Unterschiede zwischen den Anforderungen der CE-Kennzeichnung und der DepV
N2 - Bereits im letzten Jahr wurde an dieser Stelle über die Anforderungen an Kunststoff-Dränelemente (KDE) berichtet. Vor dem Hintergrund unserer Beiträge zu diesem Thema, kam eine intensive Fachdiskussion im Fachbeirat der BAM und in weiteren Fachgremien in Gang. Der AK (Arbeitskreis) 6.1 der DGGT (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechnik) hat die Anforderungen an die Dränspende bei der Bemessung der KDE angepasst. Darüber hinaus wurde im Fachbeirat intensiv über das Qualitätsmanagement (QM) beim Einbau der Produkte auf der Deponiebaustelle diskutiert. Wie wird qualitätssichernd überbaut? Wie vermeidet man Wellenbildungen? Es wurde beschlossen, dass diese und weitere Fragen in einer Musterverlegeanweisung geklärt werden sollen. Diese Musterverlegeanweisung hat bereits ihren Weg in die Zulassungsdokumente der Produzenten gefunden. Dies soll vorgestellt werden.
Über die europäischen Produktnormen für Geokunststoffe (hEN) wird gestritten: Dienen sie nur einem einheitlichen Verfahren der CE-Kennzeichnung oder werden darin alle relevanten Eigenschaften so festgelegt, dass darüber hinausgehende nationale Vorschriften ungültig werden? Der Streit wurde durch ein Urteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofs (EuGH) weiter angefacht. Davon noch nicht betroffen ist der Deponiebau. Die Deponie ist ein besonderes Bauwerk, bei dem vor allem abfallrechtliche Regelungen beachtet werden müssen. Wir zeigen, dass das in den hEN festgelegte Eigenschaftsspektrum der Bauprodukte im Wesentlichen nicht gleichwertig zu dem Anforderungsspektrum der Deponieverordnung (DepV) ist. Eine CE-Kennzeichnung kann daher eine BAM-Zulassung nicht gleichwertig ersetzen. Auch für andere geotechnische Anwendungsgebiete gilt, dass die geltenden hEN die Geokunststoffe nicht ausreichend charakterisieren.
T2 - 25. Karlsruher Deponie- und Altlastenseminar 2015 - Abschluss und Rekultivierung von Deponien und Altlasten 2015
CY - Karlsruhe, Germany
DA - 14.10.2015
PY - 2015
SN - 978-3-939662-17-4
SP - 25
EP - 37
PB - ICP Eigenverlag Bauen und Umwelt
AN - OPUS4-34631
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Haußmann, J.
A1 - Arlt, Tobias
A1 - Klages, M.
A1 - Krüger, P.
A1 - Hartnig, C.
A1 - Scholta, J.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Banhart, J.
T1 - Combined synchrotron X-ray radiography and tomography study of water transport in gas diffusion layers
N2 - Synchrotron X-ray radiography and tomography investigations of a custom-made polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell optimised for visualisation purposes are presented. The 3D water distribution and transport pathways in the porous carbon fibre gas diffusion layers (GDLs) were investigated. The authors found that water is not only moving from the GDL into the channel, but can also take the opposite way, that is, from the channel into free pore space of the GDL. Such movement of water into the opposite direction has been subject of speculations but has so far not yet been reported and might bring new insights into the general water transport behaviour, which might give new aspects to the general description of water transport processes and influence modelling assumptions to describe the process taking place in the GDL.
KW - Synchrotron radiography
KW - Synchrotron tomography
KW - Gas diffusion layers
KW - Water transport
PY - 2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2012.0410
SN - 1750-0443
VL - 7
IS - 7
SP - 689
EP - 692
PB - IET
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-26282
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lackmann, C.
A1 - Velki, M.
A1 - Šimić, A.
A1 - Müller, Axel
A1 - Braun, U.
A1 - Ečimović, S.
A1 - Hollert, H.
T1 - Two types of microplastics (polystyrene-HBCD and car tire abrasion) affect oxidative stress-related biomarkers in earthworm Eisenia andrei in a time-dependent manner
N2 - Microplastics are small plastic fragments that are widely distributed in marine and terrestrial environments. While the soil ecosystem represents a large reservoir for plastic, research so far has focused mainly on the impact on aquatic ecosystems and there is a lack of information on the potentially adverse effects of microplastics on soil biota. Earthworms are key organisms of the soil ecosystem and are due to their crucial role in soil quality and fertility a suitable and popular model organism in soil ecotoxicology.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on the earthworm Eisenia andrei on multiple levels of biological organization after different exposure periods. Earthworms were exposed to two types of microplastics: (1) polystyrene-HBCD and (2) car tire abrasion in natural soil for 2, 7, 14 and 28 d. Acute and chronic toxicity and all subcellular investigations were conducted for all exposure times, avoidance behavior assessed after 48 h and reproduction after 28 d. Subcellular endpoints included enzymatic biomarker responses, namely, carboxylesterase, glutathione peroxidase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities, as well as fluorescence-based measurements of oxidative stress-related markers and multixenobiotic resistance activity. Multiple biomarkers showed significant changes in activity, but a recovery of most enzymatic activities could be observed after 28 d. Overall, only minor effects could be observed on a subcellular level, showing that in this exposure scenario with environmentally relevant concentrations based on German pollution levels the threat to soil biota is minimal. However, in areas with higher concentrations of microplastics in the environment, these results can be interpreted as an early warning signal for more adverse effects. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights regarding the ecotoxicological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on soil organisms.
KW - Microplastics
KW - Earthworms
KW - Toxicity
KW - Biomarker
KW - oxidative stress
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545423
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107190
VL - 163
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-54542
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - de Lima Vasconcelos, S.
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Sattler, M.
T1 - Präzisierung der Geruchsprüfung für Bauprodukte nach DIN ISO 16000-28 – Untersuchung von Vergleichsmaßstäben
N2 - Bauprodukte, die in Innenräumen verwendet werden, sollten die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der Personen die sich darin aufhalten nicht durch das Ausdünsten von Geruchsstoffen stören. Die DIN ISO 16000-28 „Bestimmung der Geruchsstoffemissionen aus Bauprodukten mit einer Emissionsprüfkammer“ (DIN ISO 16000-28) beschreibt umfassend die Möglichkeiten der Geruchsprüfung. In Verbindung mit der Anwendung der VDI-Richtlinie 4302 Blatt 1 „Geruchsprüfung von Innenraumluft und Emissionen aus Innenraummaterialien“ (VDI 4302 Blatt 1) ist sie zur Bewertung der empfundenen Intensität von Bauprodukten mit Vergleichsmaßstab geeignet (Umweltbundesamt 2015). In einem vom Umweltbundesamt (UBA) geförderten Forschungsprojekt der Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW Berlin) und der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) wurden erstmals verschiedene Vergleichsmaßstäbe miteinander verglichen. Ziel des derzeitigen Folgeprojektes ist nun, Mindestanforderungen an Vergleichsmaßstäbe zu erarbeiten, welche die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse erhöhen und mit denen die Norm konkretisiert werden kann. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Untersuchungen und Ergebnisse des ersten Projektes und die Schlussfolgerungen für die Durchführung des zweiten Projektes dar.
T2 - 12. Fachkongress der Arbeitsgemeinschaft ökologischer Forschungsinstiute (AGÖF)
CY - Hallstadt (Bamberg), Germany
DA - 17.10.2019
KW - Geruch
KW - Emission
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionskammer
PY - 2019
SN - 978-3-930576-11-1
VL - 12. Fachkongress
SP - 214
EP - 223
PB - Arbeitsgemeinschaft ökologischer Forschungsinstiute (AGÖF) e. V.
CY - Springe-Eldagsen
AN - OPUS4-49702
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, I.
A1 - Moll, J.
A1 - Kexel, C.
A1 - Schubert, L.
A1 - Tschöke, K.
A1 - Prager, Jens
A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya
A1 - Bach, M.
A1 - Vogt, T.
T1 - SHM using Guided Waves – Recent Activities and Advances in Germany
N2 - Issues that prevent Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) based on Guided Waves (GW) from being a part of today’s monitoring solutions in industry are not all obvious to the scientific community. To uncover and overcome these issues, scientists working on SHM and GW problems joined in an expert committee under the patronage of the German Society for Non-Destructive Testing. An initiated online survey among more than 700 experts and users reveals the hurdles hindering the practical application of GWbased SHM. Firstly, methods for proof of reliability of SHM approaches are missing.
Secondly, detailed understanding of phenomenological described wave-damage interactions is needed. Additionally, there are significant unsolved implementation issues and unsolved problems of signal processing including handling of environmental influences.
To enable substantial proof of reliability without unaffordable experimental effort also efficient simulation tools including realistic damage interaction are needed, enabling the joint use of experimental and simulated data to predict the capabilities of the Monitoring system. Considering these issues, the committee focusses on simulation, signal processing, as well as probability of detection and standardization. In the presented work, recent activities of the expert committee starting with survey results are summarized. An open access data basis of life-like measurements is presented to allow testing and comparison of signal processing and simulation algorithms. Finally, a strategy for efficient proof of reliability increasing the acceptance of SHM in industry and for successful Integration of SHM into real-world engineering structures is proposed.
T2 - The 12th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM)
CY - Stanford, California, USA
DA - 10.09.2019
KW - Structural Health Monitoring
KW - Ultrasonic Guided Waves
KW - Non-Destructive Testing
KW - Survey
KW - Probability of Detection
KW - Reliability
PY - 2019
SP - 1
EP - 10
AN - OPUS4-49232
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, P.
A1 - Mielke, Johannes
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Kägi, R.
A1 - Ryner, M.
T1 - Assessment of different electron microscopy techniques for particle size quantification of potential nanomaterials
N2 - While nano-scaled intermediate and consumer products are omnipresent in many industries, one challenge consists in the development of methods that reliably identify, characterize and quantify nanomaterials both as a substance and in various matrices. For product registration purposes, the European Commission proposed a definition for nanomaterial which requires a quantitative size determination of the primary particles in a sample down to sizes of 1 nm. According to a material is defined as nano if 50% of the primary particles are observed to comprise a smallest dimension <100 nm. The NanoDefine project was set up to develop and validate a robust, readily implementable and cost-effective measurement approach to obtain a quantitative particle size distribution and to distinguish between nano and non-nano materials according to the definition Among the available particle sizing techniques, electron microscopy was found to be one option meeting most of the requirements of the regulation. However, the use of electron microscopy for particle sizing is often limited by cost per sample, availability in industry, particle agglomeration/aggregation, extremely broad size distributions, 2D materials and operator bias in case of manual evaluation.
PY - 2015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615012799
SN - 1431-9276
SN - 1435-8115
VL - 21
IS - Suppl. 3
SP - Paper 1200, 2403
EP - 2404
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-34922
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Liens, A.
A1 - Reveron, H.
A1 - Douillard, T.
A1 - Blanchard, N.
A1 - Lughi, V.
A1 - Sergo, V.
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
A1 - Schomer, S.
A1 - Fürderer, T.
A1 - Adolfsson, E.
A1 - Courtois, N.
A1 - Swain, M.
A1 - Chevalier, J.
T1 - Phase transformation induces plasticity with negligible damage in ceria-stabilized zirconia-based ceramics
N2 - Ceramics and their composites are in general brittle materials because they are predominantly made up of ionic and covalent bonds that avoid dislocation motion at room temperature. However, a remarkable ductile behavior has been observed on newly developed 11 mol.% ceria-stabilized zirconia (11Ce-TZP) composite containing fine alumina (8 vol.% Al2O3) and elongated strontium hexa-aluminate (8 vol.% SrAl12O19) grains. The as-synthesized composite also has shown full resistance to Low Temperature Degradation (LTD), relatively high strength and exceptionally high Weibull modulus, allowing its use in a broader range of biomedical applications. In this study, to deepen the understanding of plastic deformation in Ce-TZP based composites that could soon be used for manufacturing dental implants, different mechanical tests were applied on the material, followed by complete microstructural characterization. Distinct from pure Ce-TZP material or other zirconia-based ceramics developed in the past, the material here studied can be permanently strained without affecting the Young modulus, indicating that the ductile response of tested samples cannot be associated to damage occurrence. This ductility is related to the stress-induced tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) zirconia phase transformation, analogue to Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels, where retained austenite is transformed to martensite. The aim of this study is to corroborate if the observed plasticity can be associated exclusively to the zirconia t-m phase transformation, or also to microcraking induced by the transformation. The t-m transformed-zones produced after bending and biaxial tests were examined by X-ray refraction and SEM/TEM coupled with Raman. The results revealed that the observed elastic-plastic behavior occurs without extensive microcracking, confirming a purely elastic-plastic behavior driven by the phase transformation (absence of damage).
KW - Zirconia
KW - Ceria
KW - Ceramic matrix composite
KW - Plasticity
KW - Phase transformation
KW - X-Ray Refraction
PY - 2020
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645419307177
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.046
SN - 1359-6454
VL - 183
SP - 261
EP - 273
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-49740
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Hentschel, M. P.
A1 - Lange, A.
A1 - Trappe, Volker
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Shashev, Yury
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Progress survey of X-Ray refraction imaging techniques
N2 - The most substantial innovations in radiographic imaging techniques of the last two decades aim at enhanced image contrast of weakly absorbing micro and nano structures by taking advantage of X-ray refraction effects occurring at outer and inner surfaces. The applications range from fibre reinforced plastics to biological tissues. These techniques comprise, among others, X-ray refraction topography, diffraction enhanced imaging, phase contrast imaging, Talbot-Lau grating interferometry, and refraction enhanced imaging. They all make use of selective beam deflections up to a few minutes of arc: the X-ray refraction effect. In contrast to diffraction, this type of interaction has a 100 % scattering cross section, as shown experimentally. Since X-ray refraction is very sensitive to the orientation of interfaces, it is additionally a tool to detect, e.g., fibre or pore orientation. If the detector resolution exceeds the size of (small) individual features, one detects the integral information (of inner surfaces) within the gauge volume. We describe the above-mentioned techniques, and show their experimental implementation in the lab and at a synchrotron source. We also show strategies for data processing and quantitative analysis.
T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Munich, Germany
DA - 13.06.2016
KW - grating
KW - topography
KW - refraction
KW - X-ray
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366194
SN - 978-3-940283-78-8
VL - 2016/158
SP - We.3.B.2, 1
EP - 9
AN - OPUS4-36619
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Alrwashdeh, S. S.
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Haußmann, J.
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Klages, M.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Scholta, J.
A1 - Manke, I.
T1 - Investigation of water transport in newly developed micro porous layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
N2 - In this investigation, synchrotron X-ray imaging was used to investigate the water distribution inside newly developed gas diffusion media in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. In-situ radiography was used to reveal the relationship between the structure of the microporous layer (MPL) and the water flow in a newly developed MPL equipped with randomly arranged holes. A strong influence of these holes on the overall water transport was found. This contribution provides a brief overview to some of our recent activities on this research field.
KW - Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
KW - Microporous layer
KW - Water distribution
KW - Radiography
KW - Synchrotron X-ray imaging
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/10.9729/AM.2017.47.3.101
SN - 2287-4445
SN - 2287-5123
VL - 47
IS - 3
SP - 101
EP - 104
AN - OPUS4-43356
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Shashev, Yury
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Britzke, Ralf
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Hentschel, M. P.
T1 - Talbot- Lau interferometry with a non- binary phase grating for non-destructive testing
N2 - Grating interferometric set-ups have been established in the last decade. They are promising candidates to obtain enhanced image contrast from weakly absorbing micro and nano structures. They are based on X-ray refraction and near-field diffraction using the Talbot effect.
At the expense of taking multiple images, Talbot-Lau grating interferometry allows separating the absorption, refraction, and scattering contributions by analysing the disturbances of a phase grating interference pattern. Contrary to other refraction enhanced methods, this technique can be applied using conventional X-ray tubes (divergent, polychromatic source). This makes it attractive to solve typical non-destructive testing problems.
We investigated the efficiency of phase gratings, i.e. the visibility (the amplitude of oscillations) upon variation of propagation distance and phase grating rotation around an axis parallel to the grid lines. This grating rotation changes the grating shape (i.e. the distributions of phase shifts). This can yield higher visibilities than derived from rectangular shapes.
Our study includes experimental results obtained from synchrotron radiation, as well as simulations for monochromatic radiation. The advantages of Talbot-Lau interferometry are demonstrated at the example of glass capillaries.
T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016
CY - Munich, Germany
DA - 13.06.2016
KW - Talbot- Lau interferometry
KW - Phase grating
KW - Non-destructive testing
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-383163
SP - Tu_3_G_2, 1
EP - 9
AN - OPUS4-38316
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Gouraud, F.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Huger, M.
A1 - Chotard, T.
A1 - Antou, G.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Evolution of Thermal Microcracking in Refractory ZrO2-SiO2 after Application of External Loads at High Temperatures
N2 - Zirconia-based cast refractories are widely used for glass furnace applications. Since they have to withstand harsh chemical as well as thermo-mechanical environments, internal stresses and microcracking are often present in such materials under operating conditions (sometimes in excess of 1700 °C). We studied the evolution of thermal (CTE) and mechanical (Young’s modulus) properties as a function of temperature in a fused-cast refractory containing 94 wt.% of monoclinic ZrO2 and 6 wt.% of a silicate glassy phase. With the aid of X-ray refraction techniques (yielding the internal specific surface in materials), we also monitored the evolution of microcracking as a function of thermal cycles (crossing the martensitic phase transformation around 1000 °C) under externally applied stress. We found that external compressive stress leads to a strong decrease of the internal surface per unit volume, but a tensile load has a similar (though not so strong) effect. In agreement with existing literature on -eucryptite microcracked ceramics, we could explain These phenomena by microcrack closure in the load direction in the compression case, and by microcrack propagation (rather than microcrack nucleation) under tensile conditions.
KW - Electro-fused zirconia
KW - Microcracking
KW - Synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR)
KW - Thermal expansion
PY - 2019
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-477431
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071017
VL - 12
IS - 7
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-47743
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voss, Heike
A1 - Knigge, Xenia
A1 - Knapic, D.
A1 - Weise, Matthias
A1 - Sahre, Mario
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Sacco, A.
A1 - Rossi, A. M.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Müller, Kai
A1 - Wasmuth, Karsten
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Hassel, A. W.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
T1 - Picosecond laser processing of hierarchical micro–nanostructures on titanium alloy upon pre- and postanodization: morphological, structural, and chemical effects
N2 - Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser processing step) plays an important role for the response of bone-forming osteoblasts—an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental or removable bone implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multimethod morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations are performed in combination with electrochemical pre- and postanodization for two different characteristic microspikes covered by nanometric laser-induced periodic surface structures on Ti–6Al–4V upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 67 and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequency) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This work involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, structural material examinations via X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, as well as near-surface chemical analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results allow to qualify the mean laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide new detailed insights into the near-surface oxidation that may affect the different cell growth behavior for pre- or postanodized medical implants.
T2 - 2023 E-MRS Spring Meeting, Symposium L "Making light matter: lasers in material sciences and photonics"
CY - Strasbourg, France
DA - 29.05.2023
KW - Hierarchical micro-nanostructures
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Ultrashort laser pulses
KW - Ti-6Al-4V alloy
KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601962
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202300920
SN - 1862-6319
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-60196
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brüngel, R.
A1 - Rückert, J.
A1 - Müller, P.
A1 - Babick, F.
A1 - Friedrich, C. M.
A1 - Ghanem, A.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Mech, A.
A1 - Weigel, S.
A1 - Wohlleben, W.
A1 - Rauscher, H.
T1 - NanoDefiner Framework and e-Tool Revisited According to the European Commission’s Nanomaterial Definition 2022/C 229/01
N2 - The new recommended definition of a nanomaterial, 2022/C 229/01, adopted by the European Commission in 2022, will have a considerable impact on European Union legislation addressing chemicals, and therefore tools to implement this new definition are urgently needed. The updated NanoDefiner framework and its e-tool implementation presented here are such instruments, which help stakeholders to find out in a straightforward way whether a material is a nanomaterial or not. They are two major outcomes of the NanoDefine project, which is explicitly referred to in the new definition. This work revisits the framework and e-tool, and elaborates necessary adjustments to make these outcomes applicable for the updated recommendation. A broad set of case studies on representative materials confirms the validity of these adjustments. To further foster the sustainability and applicability of the framework and e-tool, measures for the FAIRification of expert knowledge within the e-tool’s knowledge base are elaborated as well. The updated framework and e-tool are now ready to be used in line with the updated recommendation. The presented approach may serve as an example for reviewing existing guidance and tools developed for the previous definition 2011/696/EU, particularly those adopting NanoDefine project outcomes.
KW - Nanomaterial definition
KW - Nanomaterial categorisation
KW - Nanomaterial regulation
KW - Nanomaterial legislation
KW - Decision support
KW - FAIRification
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571618
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060990
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 13
IS - 6 - Special Issue "Identification and Quantification of Nanomaterials"
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, CH
AN - OPUS4-57161
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baer, D. R.
A1 - Cant, D. J. H.
A1 - Castner, D. G.
A1 - Ceccone, G.
A1 - Engelhard, M. H.
A1 - Karakoti, A. S.
A1 - Müller, Anja
ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
ED - Unger, Wolfgang
ED - Shard, A. G.
T1 - Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis
N2 - A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex.
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - XPS
KW - Dynamic behavior
KW - Nano-object
KW - Surface analysis
PY - 2020
SN - 978-0-12-814182-3
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00018-3
SP - 295
EP - 347
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-50186
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - de Lima Vasconcelos, S.
A1 - Sattler, M.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
T1 - The Influence of textile floor coverings on the indoor air quality
N2 - Textile floor coverings are often used in offices and residential buildings. Large areas like meeting rooms, cinemas, theaters and hotels are often equipped with such coverings. They contribute to the comfort of the users as they provide high pedaling comfort and sound absorption. The weakness of these building materials is due to the odor emission that is released from the floor covering, which affects the comfort of the users. A bad air quality and the resulting dissatisfaction can lead to lower employee productivity. The research project of the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW-Berlin) is promoted by the German Environment Agency (UBA). The project has the following title: Low-emission and low-odor building products for energy-efficient buildings - Development of requirements and concepts for the Blue Angel from a climate protection perspective; investigates the emission and odor behavior of textile floor coverings (Emissions- und geruchsarme Bauprodukte für energieeffiziente Gebäude - Entwicklung von Anforderungen und Konzepten für den Blauen Engel aus Klimaschutzsicht; untersucht das Emissions- und Geruchsverhalten textiler Bodenbeläge).
T2 - Clima 2019 Congress
CY - Bucharest, Romania
DA - 26.05.2019
KW - VOC Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Bodenbelag
KW - AgBB Bewertung
PY - 2019
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-487341
DO - https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102051
SN - 2267-1242
VL - 111
SP - 02051-1
EP - 02051-6
PB - EDP Sciences
AN - OPUS4-48734
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Balzer, R.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Schuth, S.
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Fechtelkord, M.
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - The influence of H2O and SiO2 on the structure of silicoborate glasses
N2 - To understand the impact of dissolved water on structure and properties, four boron-rich glasses of molar compositions 15-x Na2O x CaO 15 SiO2 70 B2O3 (with x=0, 7.5, 10) and 10 Na2O 15 SiO2 75 B2O3 were prepared and subsequently hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O). Density measurements show a non-linear trend upon hydration implying large structural changes in particular at water contents<2 wt%. Near-infrared spectroscopy shows hydroxyl groups are the dominant species in all glasses upon the entire range of water content. Molecular H2O is detectable only at total water contents>2 wt%. 11B MAS NMR spectra show that the abundance of BO4 species is mainly controlled by ratio of (Na2O+CaO)/B2O3 while incorporation of water plays a minor role.
Compared to borate glasses, the efficiency of formation of BO4 tetrahedra is favored by crosslinking of the network by SiO4-units. The glass transition temperatures, determined by differential thermal analysis, decreases continuously with water content due to breakage of B-O-B bonds by hydrolysis. However, compared to Silicates and aluminosilicates, the effect of dissolved water is less pronounced which can be explained by weaker B-O-B bonds in comparison to Si-O-Si bonds.
KW - High pressure
KW - Water speciation
KW - Silicoborate glasses
KW - Infrared spectroscopy
KW - NMR spectroscopy
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.05.030
VL - 519
SP - 38
EP - 51
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-48748
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Cooper, R.C.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Wheeler, M.
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Staude, Andreas
A1 - Pandey, A.
A1 - Shyam, A.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Stress-induced microcrack density evolution in β-eucryptite ceramics: Experimental observations and possible route to strain hardening
N2 - In order to investigate their microcracking behaviour, the microstructures of several β-eucryptite ceramics, obtained from glass precursor and cerammed to yield different grain sizes and microcrack densities, were characterized by laboratory and synchrotron x-ray refraction and tomography. Results were compared with those obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In SEM images, the characterized materials appeared fully dense but computed tomography showed the presence of pore clusters. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on specimens while strain maps were recorded and analyzed by Digital Image Correlation (DIC). X-ray refraction techniques were applied on specimens before and after tensile testing to measure the amount of the internal specific surface (i.e., area per unit volume). X-ray refraction revealed that (a) the small grain size (SGS) material contained a large specific surface, originating from the grain boundaries and the interfaces of TiO2 precipitates; (b) the medium (MGS) and large grain size (LGS) materials possessed higher amounts of specific surface compared to SGS material due to microcracks, which decreased after tensile loading; (c) the precursor glass had negligible internal surface. The unexpected decrease in the internal surface of MGS and LGS after tensile testing is explained by the presence of compressive regions in the DIC strain maps and further by theoretical arguments. It is suggested that while some microcracks merge via propagation, more close mechanically, thereby explaining the observed X-ray refraction results. The mechanisms proposed would allow the development of a strain hardening route in ceramics.
KW - Beta-eucryptite
KW - Microcracked ceramics
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Tensile load
KW - Strain hardening
KW - Synchrotron
KW - BAMline
KW - Computed Tomography
KW - CT
PY - 2018
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645417308881
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.10.030
SN - 1359-6454
SN - 1873-2453
VL - 144
IS - Supplement C
SP - 627
EP - 641
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-43024
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schob, D.
A1 - Sagradov, I.
A1 - Roszak, R.
A1 - Sparr, H.
A1 - Franke, R.
A1 - Ziegenhorn, M.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Léonard, Fabien
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Experimental determination and numerical simulation of material and damage behaviour of 3D printed polyamide 12 under cyclic loading
N2 - The material and damage behaviour of additively manufactured polyamide 12 under cyclic loading was characterized by cyclic tests and microstructure analysis by using microscopy, X-ray refraction, and computed tomography. The results were used to determine parameters for the viscoplastic material model by Chaboche and a damage model by Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman. The temperature was monitored during the experiments and the self-heating effect was observed. By including this effect, a higher accuracy could be achieved with the results of mechanical experiments.
KW - 3D printing Polyamide 12
KW - Chaboche model
KW - GTN model
KW - Material and damage behaviour
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Computed tomography
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106841
SN - 0013-7944
VL - 229
SP - 106841-1
EP - 106841-13
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-50557
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Haußmann, J.
A1 - Alink, R.
A1 - Dittmann, K.
A1 - Tötzke, C.
A1 - Krüger, P.
A1 - Klages, M.
A1 - Arlt, Tobias
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Scholta, J.
A1 - Gerteisen, D.
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Banhart, J.
T1 - Investigation of fuel cell materials and liquid water transport by means of synchrotron imaging
N2 - Synchrotron imaging allows addressing various important issues in fuel cell research, for example water distribution and transport. The water distribution in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) was observed quasi in-situ directly after operation by means of synchrotron tomography. The 3D data set was compared with the tomogram of a dry cell in order to separate the water distribution from cell materials. Engineered transport pathways realized by perforating holes through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are a recent approach to optimize water transport and cell performance. For some parameter sets a cell performance increase and an improvement of stabilization have already been proven. We present high resolution investigations of the water distribution in perforated GDLs of operating PEMFCs by means of in-situ synchrotron radiography. The surrounding areas of the holes exhibited a distinct hydrophilic character.
KW - Gas-diffusion layers
KW - Resolution neutron-radiography
KW - X-ray radiography
KW - Visualization
KW - PEMFC
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/04529.0195ecst
SN - 1938-6737
SN - 1938-5862
VL - 45
IS - 29
SP - 195
EP - 202
CY - Pennington, NJ, USA
AN - OPUS4-30545
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Schob, D.
A1 - Léonard, Fabien
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Sagradov, I.
A1 - Roszak, R.
A1 - Sparr, H.
A1 - Franke, R.
A1 - Ziegenhorn, M.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur und Simulation des Schädigungsverhaltens von lasergesintertem Polyamid 12 unter quasistatischer Zugbelastung
N2 - Um das Material- und Schädigungsverhalten von additiv gefertigtem Polyamid 12 (PA12) unter quasistatischer Belastung zu charakterisieren, wurden mechanische Tests und Röntgenverfahren zur Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur eingesetzt. Die Proben wurden nach dem Prinzip des Selektiven Lasersinterns (SLS) hergestellt. Unter quasistatischer Belastung mit Haltezeiten ergab sich ein viskoplastisches Materialverhalten. Im Zugversuch wurde eine maximale Zugfestigkeit von 40.6 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung von 7.4% beobachtet. Mittels Röntgenrefraktion wurde eine Erhöhung von inneren Oberflächen beobachtet, die senkrecht zur Zugrichtung orientiert sind. Die Analyse der Gesamtporosität aus Computertomographie-Messungen ergab keine Änderung infolge der Zugbelastung. Jedoch wurde eine bimodale Porengrößenverteilung und eine steigende Sphärizität festgestellt. Das Materialverhalten wurde mit dem Chaboche-Modell simuliert und ergab eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen. Allerdings gestattet dieses Modell nicht, das Schädigungsverhalten abzubilden. Daher wurde zur Simulation des Schädigungsverhaltens das Modell gemäß dem Ansatz von Gurson, Tvergaard und Needleman unter Berücksichtigung der mikrostrukturellen Parameter erweitert. Der Schwerpunkt des Beitrags liegt auf den Röntgenverfahren zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021
CY - Online meeting
DA - 10.05.2021
KW - Additive Fertigung (AM)
KW - Polyamid 12
KW - Röntgenrefraktion
KW - Computertomographie
KW - Numerische Simulation
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526833
UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2021/bb/P16.pdf
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-52683
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schob, D.
A1 - Roszak, R.
A1 - Sagradov, I.
A1 - Sparr, H.
A1 - Ziegenhorn, M.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Léonard, Fabien
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Experimental determination and numerical simulation of material and damage behaviour of 3D printed polyamide 12 under quasi-static loading
N2 - In order to characterise the material and damage behaviour of additively manufactured polyamide 12 (PA12) under quasi-static load and to implement it in a numerical model, experiments under quasi-static load as well as microstructural investigations were carried out. Selective laser sintering (SLS) was used as the manufacturing process. For the classification of the material behaviour, quasi-static cyclic tests with holding times as well as tensile tests were performed. X-ray refraction and computed tomography (CT) were used to investigate the damage behaviour. The Chaboche model, which has already been applied for metallic materials under thermomechanical loading, served as the basis for the selection of the numerical material model. The same procedure was used for the selection of the damage model, where the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model was chosen, which was already used for porous metallic materials. The Chaboche model shows very good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the coupling with the GTN model allows a very good modelling of the damage behaviour. Finally, it could be shown that the selected models are suitable to simulate the material and damage behaviour of 3D printed PA12.
KW - Polyamide 12
KW - 3D printing
KW - Viscoplastic
KW - Chaboche model
KW - Damage
KW - GTN model
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Computed tomography
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.24423/aom.3162
SN - 0373-2029
VL - 71
IS - 4-5
SP - 507
EP - 526
PB - IPPT PAN - Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research
CY - Warsaw
AN - OPUS4-49409
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nellesen, J.
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Hentschel, M. P.
A1 - Anar, N. B.
A1 - Soppa, E.
A1 - Tillmann, W.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - In situ analysis of damage evolution in an Al/Al2O3 MMC under tensile load by synchrotron X-ray refraction imaging
N2 - The in situ analysis of the damage evolution in a metal Matrix composite (MMC) using synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) is presented. The investigated material is an Al alloy (6061)/10 vol% Al2O3 MMC after T6 heat treatment.
In an interrupted tensile test the gauge section of dog bone-shaped specimens is imaged in different states of tensile loading. On the basis of the SXRR images, the relative change of the specific surface (proportional to the amount of damage) in the course of tensile loading was analyzed. It could be shown that the damage can be detected by SXRR already at a stage of tensile loading, in which no Observation of damage is possible with radiographic absorption-based imaging methods.
Moreover, the quantitative analysis of the SXRR images reveals that the amount of damage increases homogeneously by an average of 25% with respect to the Initial state. To corroborate the experimental findings, the damage distribution was imaged in 3D after the final tensile loading by synchrotron X-ray refraction computed tomography (SXRCT) and absorption-based synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). It could be evidenced that defects and damages cause pronounced indications in the SXRCT images.
KW - Composite materials
KW - Defects
KW - Micro analysis
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1957-x
SN - 0022-2461
SN - 1573-4803
VL - 53
IS - 8
SP - 6021
EP - 6032
PB - Springer US
AN - OPUS4-44241
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tötzke, C.
A1 - Gaiselmann, G.
A1 - Osenberg, M.
A1 - Bohner, J.
A1 - Arlt, Tobias
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Wieder, F.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Banhart, J.
A1 - Schmidt, V.
A1 - Lehnert, W.
A1 - Manke, I.
T1 - Three-dimensional study of compressed gas diffusion layers using synchrotron X-ray imaging
N2 - We present a synchrotron X-ray tomographic study on the morphology of carbon fiber-based gas diffusion layer (GDL) material under compression. A dedicated compression device is used to provide well-defined compression conditions. A flat compression punch is employed to study the fiber geometry at different degrees of compression. Transport relevant geometrical parameters such as porosity, pore size and tortuosity distributions are calculated. The geometric properties notably change upon compression which has direct impact on transport conditions for gas and fluid flow. The availability of broad 3D paths, which are most important for the transport of liquid water from the catalyst layer through the GDL, is markedly reduced after compression. In a second experiment, we study the influence of the channel-land-pattern of the flow-field on shape and microstructure of the GDL. A flow-field compression punch is employed to reproduce the inhomogeneous compression conditions found during fuel cell assembly. While homogenously compressed underneath the land the GDL is much less and inhomogeneously compressed under the channel. The GDL material extends far into the channel volume where it can considerably influence gas and fluid flow. Loose fiber endings penetrate deeply into the channel and form obstacles for the discharge of liquid water droplets.
KW - Synchrotron X-ray tomography
KW - Gas diffusion layer (GDL)
KW - Microstructure
KW - Water transport path
KW - Pore size analysis
KW - Geometrical tortuosity
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.062
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 253
SP - 123
EP - 131
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-29979
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tötzke, C.
A1 - Gaiselmann, G.
A1 - Osenberg, M.
A1 - Arlt, Tobias
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Schmidt, V.
A1 - Lehnert, W.
A1 - Manke, I.
T1 - Influence of hydrophobic treatment on the structure of compressed gas diffusion layers
N2 - Carbon fiber based felt materials are widely used as gas diffusion layer (GDL) in fuel cells. Their transport properties can be adjusted by adding hydrophobic agents such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). We present a synchrotron X-ray tomographic study on the felt material Freudenberg H2315 with different PTFE finishing. In this study, we analyze changes in microstructure and shape of GDLs at increasing degree of compression which are related to their specific PTFE load. A dedicated compression device mimicking the channel-land pattern of the flowfield is used to reproduce the inhomogeneous compression found in a fuel cell. Transport relevant geometrical parameters such as porosity, pore size distribution and geometric tortuosity are calculated and consequences for media transport discussed. PTFE finishing results in a marked change of shape of compressed GDLs: surface is smoothed and the invasion of GDL fibers into the flow field channel strongly mitigated. Furthermore, the PTFE impacts the microstructure of the compressed GDL. The number of available wide transport paths is significantly increased as compared to the untreated material. These changes improve the transport capacity liquid water through the GDL and promote the discharge of liquid water droplets from the cell.
KW - Gas diffusion layer
KW - Synchrotron Tomography
KW - Compression
KW - Hydrophobic treatment
KW - Water transport
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.118
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 324
SP - 625
EP - 636
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-36918
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wonneberger, R.
A1 - Gräf, S.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Wisniewski, W.
A1 - Freiberg, K.
A1 - Hafermann, M.
A1 - Ronning, C.
A1 - Müller, F. A.
A1 - Undisz, A.
T1 - Tracing the Formation of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) by Implanted Markers
N2 - The generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) using femtosecond lasers facilitates the engineering of material surfaces with tailored functional properties. Numerous aspects of their complex formation process are still under debate, despite intensive theoretical and experimental research in recent decades. This particularly concerns the challenge of verifying approaches based on electromagnetic effects or hydrodynamic processes by experiment. In the present study, a marker experiment is designed to conclude on the formation of LIPSS. Well-defined concentration depth profiles of 55Mn+- and 14N+-ions were generated below the polished surface of a cast Mn- and Si-free stainless steel AISI 316L using ion implantation. Before and after LIPSS generation, marker concentration depth profiles and the sample microstructure were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy techniques. It is shown that LIPSS predominantly formed by material removal through locally varying ablation. Local melting and resolidification with the redistribution of the material occurred to a lesser extent. The experimental design gives quantitative access to the modulation depth with a nanometer resolution and is a promising approach for broader studies of the interactions of laser beams and material surfaces. Tracing LIPSS formation enables to unambiguously identify governing aspects, consequently guiding the path to improved processing regarding reproducibility, periodicity, and alignment.
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Femtosecond laser processing
KW - Ion implantation
KW - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
KW - Stainless steel
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623990
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c14777
SN - 1944-8244 (Print)
SN - 1944-8252 (Online)
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 2462
EP - 2468
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-62399
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Götschel, S.
A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane
A1 - Müller, Jan P.
A1 - Rothbart, Nick
A1 - Weiser, M.
T1 - Quantitative defect reconstruction in active thermography for fiber-reinforced composites
N2 - Carbon-fiber reinforced composites are becoming more and more important in the production of light-weight structures, e.g., in the automotive and aerospace industry. Thermography is often used for non-destructive testing of These products, especially to detect delaminations between different layers of the composite.
In this presentation, we aim at methods for defect reconstruction from thermographic measurements of such carbon-fiber reinforced composites. The reconstruction results shall not only allow to locate defects, but also give a quantitative characterization of the defect properties. We discuss the simulation of the measurement process using finite element methods, as well as the experimental validation on flat bottom holes.
Especially in pulse thermography, thin boundary layers with steep temperature gradients occurring at the heated surface need to be resolved. Here we use the combination of a 1D analytical solution combined with numerical solution of the remaining defect equation. We use the simulations to identify material Parameters from the measurements.
Finally, fast heuristics for reconstructing defect geometries are applied to the acquired data, and compared for their accuracy and utility in detecting different defects like back surface defects or delaminations.
T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016
CY - München, Germany
DA - 13.06.2016
KW - Active thermography
KW - Numerical simulation
KW - Time-resolved thermogram
KW - Thermal wave
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366644
UR - https://www.wcndt2016.com/Programme/show/Th-4-C-4
VL - 2016
SP - Th.4.C.4-1
EP - Th.4.C.4-10
AN - OPUS4-36664
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eichelbaum, M.
A1 - Rademann, K.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Görner, Wolf
T1 - Zur Chemie des Goldes in Silicatgläsern: Untersuchungen zum nicht-thermisch aktivierten Wachstum von Goldclustern
KW - Glas
KW - Goldcluster
KW - Nanophotonik
PY - 2005
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200502174
SN - 0044-8249
SN - 0932-2140
SN - 1521-3757
VL - 117
IS - 48
SP - 8118
EP - 8122
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-7691
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reiche, I.
A1 - Muller, K.
A1 - Alberic, M.
A1 - Scharf, O.
A1 - Wahning, A.
A1 - Bjeoumikhov, A.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Simon, R.
T1 - Discovering vanished paints and naturally formed gold nanoparticles on 2800 years old Phoenician ivories using SR-FF-microXRF with the color X-ray camera
N2 - Phoenician ivory objects (8th century B.C., Syria) from the collections of the Badisches Landesmuseum, Karlsruhe, Germany, have been studied with full field X-ray fluorescence microimaging, using synchrotron radiation (SR-FF-microXRF). The innovative Color X-ray Camera (CXC), a full-field detection device (SLcam), was used at the X-ray fluorescence beamline of the ANKA synchrotron facility (ANKA-FLUO, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany) to noninvasively study trace metal distributions at the surface of the archeological ivory objects. The outstanding strength of the imaging technique with the CXC is the capability to record the full XRF spectrum with a spatial resolution of 48 µm on a zone of a size of 11.9 × 12.3 mm² (264 × 264 pixels). For each analyzed region, 69696 spectra were simultaneously recorded. The principal elements detected are P, Ca, and Sr, coming from the ivory material itself; Cu, characteristic of pigments; Fe and Pb, representing sediments or pigments; Mn, revealing deposited soil minerals; Ti, indicating restoration processes or correlated with Fe sediment traces; and Au, linked to a former gilding. This provides essential information for the assessment of the original appearance of the ivory carvings. The determined elemental maps specific of possible pigments are superimposed on one another to visualize their respective distributions and reconstruct the original polychromy and gilding. Reliable hypotheses for the reconstruction of the original polychromy of the carved ivories are postulated on this basis.
KW - SR-FF-microXRF
KW - Elemental imaging
KW - Ivory
KW - Paints
KW - Au NPs
KW - Egyptian blue
KW - Fe
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac4006167
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 85
IS - 12
SP - 5857
EP - 5866
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-30222
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eichelbaum, M.
A1 - Rademann, K.
A1 - Weigel, W.
A1 - Löchel, B.
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Gold-Ruby Glass in a New Light: On the Microstructuring of Optical Glasses with Synchrotron Radiation
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Glasses
KW - Synchrotron radiation
KW - X-ray lithography
KW - Surface plasmon resonance
KW - Luminescence
PY - 2007
SN - 0017-1557
VL - 40
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 5
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-16432
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -