TY - JOUR A1 - Seto, J. A1 - Ma, Y. A1 - Davis, S.A. A1 - Meldrum, F. A1 - Gourrier, A. A1 - Kim, Y.-Y. A1 - Schilde, U. A1 - Sztucki, M. A1 - Burghammer, M. A1 - Maltsev, Sergey A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Cölfen, H. T1 - Structure-property relationships of a biological mesocrystal in the adult sea urchin spine N2 - Structuring over many length scales is a design strategy widely used in Nature to create materials with unique functional properties. We here present a comprehensive analysis of an adult sea urchin spine, and in revealing a complex, hierarchical structure, show how Nature fabricates a material which diffracts as a single crystal of calcite and yet fractures as a glassy material. Each spine comprises a highly oriented array of Mg-calcite nanocrystals in which amorphous regions and macromolecules are embedded. It is postulated that this mesocrystalline structure forms via the crystallization of a dense array of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor particles. A residual surface layer of ACC and/or macromolecules remains around the nanoparticle units which creates the mesocrystal structure and contributes to the conchoidal fracture behavior. Nature’s demonstration of how crystallization of an amorphous precursor phase can create a crystalline material with remarkable properties therefore provides inspiration for a novel approach to the design and synthesis of synthetic composite materials. KW - Calcium carbonate biomineralization KW - Echinoderm skeleton KW - Hierarchical structuring KW - Mesocrystal KW - Skeletal elements PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109243109 SN - 0027-8424 SN - 1091-6490 VL - 109 IS - 10 SP - 3699 EP - 3704 PB - National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-27726 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davis, K. A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Feldman, Ines A1 - Krutzsch, M. A1 - Rimon, H. A1 - Justnes, Å. A1 - Elgvin, T. A1 - Langlois, M. ED - Hempel, C. ED - Zahn, M. ED - Jokiranta, J. T1 - Nine dubious “Dead Sea Scrolls” fragments from the twenty-first century N2 - In 2002 new “Dead Sea Scrolls” fragments began to appear on the antiquities market, most of them through the Kando family. In this article is presented evidence that nine of these Dead Sea Scrolls-like fragments are modern forgeries. KW - Dead Sea Scrolls KW - NDT KW - Forgery KW - Papyrology PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-12341428 SN - 0929-0761 SN - 1568-5179 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 189 EP - 228 PB - Brill CY - Leiden AN - OPUS4-42869 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Allix, M. A1 - Davis, M.J. A1 - Duran, A. A1 - Höche, T. A1 - Honma, T. A1 - Komatsu, T. A1 - Krüger, S. A1 - Mitra, I. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Nakane, S. A1 - Pascual, M.J. A1 - Schmelzer, J.W. A1 - Zanotto, E.D. A1 - Zhou, S. T1 - Updated definition of glass-ceramics N2 - Glass-ceramics are noted for their unusual combination of properties and manifold commercialized products for consumer and specialized markets. Evolution of novel glass and ceramic processing routes, a plethora of new compositions, and unique exotic nano- and microstructures over the past 60 years led us to review the Definition of glass-ceramics. Well-established and emerging processing methods, such as co-firing, additive manufacturing, and laser patterning are analyzed concerning the core requirements of processing glass-ceramics and the Performance of the final products. In this communication, we propose a revised, updated definition of glass-ceramics, which reads “Glass-ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods. They contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass. The volume fraction crystallized may vary from ppm to almost 100%”. KW - Glass-ceramics definition PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-464711 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.01.033 SN - 0022-3093 SN - 1873-4812 VL - 501 SP - 3 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-46471 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Schnakenburg, G. A1 - Davis, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Neutrale Lewis-Basen-Addukte des Siliciumtetraazids KW - Azide KW - Hyperkoordination KW - N-Liganden KW - Silicium KW - Stickstoffreiche Verbindungen PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201001826 SN - 0044-8249 SN - 0932-2140 SN - 1521-3757 VL - 122 IS - 43 SP - 8185 EP - 8189 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22201 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Schnakenburg, G. A1 - Davis, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Neutral lewis base adducts of silicon tetraazide KW - Silicon KW - Azides KW - Hypercoordination KW - Nitrogen-rich compounds KW - N-ligands PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201001826 SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 SN - 0570-0833 VL - 49 IS - 43 SP - 8013 EP - 8016 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Schnakenburg, G. A1 - Davis, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Taming the silicon tetraazide beast N2 - Highly energetic silicon tetraazide 1 is synthesized safely in high yield and high purity. The compound is prepared as a solution in benzene which allows it to be handled safely. Stable Lewis base adducts of Si(N3)4 (e.g. 2) are also prepared by treatment of either Si(N3)4 or the di­sodium salt of hexaazidosilicate (3) with Lewis bases (2,2-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline). Unlike Si(N3)4 the Lewis base adduct 2 is thermally stable and does not decompose below 265 °C. The decomposition is very energetic (ΔHd = -2.4 kJg-1) which means 2 and related Lewis base ­adducts could replace environmentally harmful Pb(N3)4 used as primary explosive. KW - Highly energetic silicon tetraazide KW - Lewis base adducts KW - Azides KW - Silicon KW - Energetic materials PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1259150 SN - 1861-1958 VL - 1 SP - 0043 EP - 0043 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-32352 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trimpin, S. A1 - Inutan, E. A1 - Karki, S. A1 - Elia, E. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Marshall, D. A1 - Hoang, K. A1 - Lee, C. A1 - Davis, E. A1 - Smith, V. A1 - Meher, A. A1 - Cornejo, M. A1 - Auner, G. A1 - McEwen, C. T1 - Fundamental studies of new ionization technologies and insights from IMS-MS N2 - Exceptional ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) developments by von Helden, Jarrold, and Clemmer provided technology that gives a view of chemical/biological compositions previously not achievable. The ionization method of choice used with IMS-MS has been electrospray ionization (ESI). In this Special issue contribution, we focus on fundamentals of heretofore unprecedented means for transferring volatile and nonvolatile compounds into gas-phase ions singly and multiply charged. These newer ionization processes frequently lead to different selectivity relative to ESI and, together with IMS-MS, may provide a more comprehensive view of chemical compositions directly from their original Environment such as surfaces, e.g., tissue. Similarities of results using solvent- and matrix-assisted ionization are highlighted, as are differences between ESI and the inlet ionization methods, especially with mixtures such as bacterial extracts. Selectivity using different matrices is discussed, as are results which add to our fundamental knowledge of inlet ionization as well as pose additional avenues for inquiry. IMS-MS provides an opportunity for comparison studies relative to ESI and will prove valuable using the new ionization technologies for direct analyses. Our hypothesis is that some ESI-IMS-MS applications will be replaced by the new ionization processes and by understanding mechanistic aspects to aid enhanced source and method developments this will be hastened. KW - Inlet ionization KW - Vacuum ionization KW - Matrices KW - Fundamentals KW - Ion mobility PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02194-7 SN - 1044-0305 SN - 1879-1123 VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 1133 EP - 1147 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-48011 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kim, Y.S. A1 - Li, Y.-C. A1 - Pitts, W.M. A1 - Werrel, Martin A1 - Davis, R.D. T1 - Rapid growing clay coatings to reduce the fire threat of furniture N2 - Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly coatings reduce the flammability of textiles and polyurethane foam but require extensive repetitive processing steps to produce the desired coating thickness and nanoparticle fire retardant content that translates into a fire retardant coating. Reported here is a new hybrid bi-layer (BL) approach to fabricate fire retardant coatings on polyurethane foam. Utilizing hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction along with the pH adjustment, a fast growing coating with significant fire retardant clay content was achieved. This hybrid BL coating exhibits significant fire performance improvement in both bench scale and real scale tests. Cone calorimetry bench scale tests show a 42% and 71% reduction in peak and average heat release rates, respectively. Real scale furniture mockups constructed using the hybrid LbL coating reduced the peak and average heat release rates by 53% and 63%, respectively. This is the first time that the fire safety in a real scale test has been reported for any LbL technology. This hybrid LbL coating is the fastest approach to develop an effective fire retardant coating for polyurethane foam. KW - Layer-by-layer assembly KW - Polyurethane foam KW - Sodium montmorillonite KW - Flame retardant KW - Real scale mockup PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/am405259n SN - 1944-8244 SN - 0013-936X SN - 1944-8252 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 2146 EP - 2152 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC, USA AN - OPUS4-31489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -