TY - CONF A1 - Güttler, B. A1 - Schiel, D. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Müller, J.-P. T1 - Physical and Chemical Characterization of Thermal and Native Siliconoxide layers on Silicon T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the New Millenium" CY - Berlin, BAM, Germany DA - 2000-05-22 PY - 2000 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) AN - OPUS4-6924 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Full-scale Drop Testing of Spent Fuel Transport and Storage Casks: experiences of BAM and new Developments T2 - 46th Annual Meeting of the Institute for Nuclear Materials Management CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 2005-07-10 KW - Drop tests KW - Spent fuel transport packages PY - 2005 SP - 6 pages PB - Institute for Nuclear Materials Management CY - Phoenix AN - OPUS4-7614 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Zeisler, Peter A1 - Müller, Karsten T1 - Interactions between Cask Components and Content of Packaging for the Transport of Radioactive Material During Drop Tests N2 - This paper describes the analytical, numerical and experimental investigations on the phenomenon of interactions between cask components and content of packages for the transport of radioactive material during drop tests required according to the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material. Radial and axial gaps between cask components and content are usually necessary for thermal reasons but larger gaps can exist because of the geometrical dimensions of the specified content. Consequently interactions between content and cask components (lid system, cask body, etc.) are possible and can not be excluded during drop tests. Interactions in this context are relative movements between cask and content which are mainly due to elastic spring effects after releasing the cask for the free drop. These relative movements can cause interior collisions between content and cask during the main impact of the package onto the unyielding target. Drop tests with various types of Type A and Type B packages fully instrumented with strain gauges and accelerometers showed that these interactions respectively interior collisions can be considerable relating to high forces acting on cask lids, lid bolts and the content. Of course the real quantitative consequences of the interactions depend upon different conditions, among others the drop orientation, the design characteristics of the impact limiters, the dimensions of the gaps, the material characteristics of the contents, etc. . In order to investigate more precisely the phenomenon of interactions BAM carried out finite element calculations for the named casks using the ABAQUS/ Standard and ABAQUS/ Explicit computer code comparing them with results obtained from experiments. Additionally, tests with a simplified model instrumented with accelerometers were carried out accompanied by finite element calculations and analytical calculations using MATHEMATICA. The investigations on the mentioned phenomena of interaction show that they should be considered in approval design tests and/ or calculations. T2 - 17th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology ; SMiRT 17 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-08-17 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/36/071/36071659.pdf IS - G04-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) CY - Prague AN - OPUS4-2825 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements KW - SiO2 KW - Thin films KW - Thickness KW - XPS KW - Ellipsometry KW - TEM PY - 2003 SN - 1473-2734 SP - 57 pages AN - OPUS4-4118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Measurement techniques and preliminary results of drop tests with full scale spent fuel transport and storage casks KW - Drop testing KW - Full scale spent fuel cask KW - Deceleration KW - Strain PY - 2006 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 191 EP - 195 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-14431 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Drop test program with a HLW cask model - performance, measurements and results N2 - BAM (Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing) is the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste (HLW) in Germany. In context with package design approval of the new German HLW cask CASTOR HAW28M, BAM performed several drop tests with a half-scale model of the CASTOR HAW/TB2. The test model was manufactured by GNS (Gesellschaft fur Nuklear Service mbH) and tested under accident transport conditions on the 200 tons BAM drop test facility at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. For this comprehensive test program the test specimen CASTOR HAW/TB2 was instrumented at 21 measurement planes with altogether 23 piezo-resistive accelerometers, five temperature sensors and 131 tri-axial strain gauges in the container interior and exterior, respectively. The strains of four representative lid bolts were recorded by four uniaxial strain gauges per each bolt. Helium leakage rate measurements were performed before and after each test in the above noted testing sequence. The paper presents some experimental results of the half-scale CASTOR HAW/TB2 prototype (14,500 kg) and measurement data logging. T2 - 52nd INMM Annual meeting CY - Palm Desert, CA, USA DA - 17.07.2011 KW - Drop test results KW - Spent fuel transport cask KW - Impact limiter KW - Measurement methods KW - Drop test program PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-24245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abou-Ras, D. A1 - Caballero, R. A1 - Fischer, C.-H. A1 - Kaufmann, C.A. A1 - Lauermann, I. A1 - Mainz, R. A1 - Mönig, H. A1 - Schöpke, A. A1 - Stephan, C. A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Schorr, S. A1 - Eicke, A. A1 - Döbeli, M. A1 - Gade, B. A1 - Hinrichs, J. A1 - Nunney, T. A1 - Dijkstra, H. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Klemm, D. A1 - Efimova, V. A1 - Bergmaier, A. A1 - Dollinger, G. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Rockett, A.A. A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A. A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J. A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V. A1 - Schmid, T. A1 - Choi, P.-P. A1 - Müller, M. A1 - Bertram, F. A1 - Christen, J. A1 - Khatri, H. A1 - Collins, R.W. A1 - Marsillac, S. A1 - Kötschau, I. T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits. KW - Elemental distributions KW - Comparison KW - Depth profiling KW - Chemical mapping KW - Thin films KW - Solar cells KW - Chalcopyrite-type KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2 PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523 SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 728 EP - 751 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-24506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Drop test program with half scale model CASTOR HAW/TB2 N2 - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) is the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste in Germany. In context with package design approval of the new German high level waste cask CASTOR® HAW28M, BAM performed several drop tests with a half scale model of the CASTOR® HAW/TB2. The cask is manufactured by Gesellschaft für Nuklear Service mbH and was tested under accident transport conditions on the 200 tons BAM drop test facility at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. For this comprehensive test program, the test specimen CASTOR® HAW/TB2 was instrumented at 21 measurement planes with altogether 23 piezo resistive accelerometers, five temperature sensors and 131 triaxial strain gauges in the container interior and exterior respectively. The strains of four representative lid bolts were recorded by four uniaxial strain gauges per each bolt. Helium leakage rate measurements were performed before and after each test in the above noted testing sequence. The paper presents some experimental results of the half scale CASTOR® HAW/TB2 prototype (14 500 kg) and measurement data logging. It illustrates the extensive instrumentation and analyses that are used by BAM for evaluating the cask performance to the mechanical tests required by regulations. Although some of the quantitative deceleration, velocity and strain values cannot be shown because of confidentially issues, they are provided qualitatively to illustrate the types of measurements and methodologies used at BAM. KW - IAEA drop testing KW - Half scale model KW - Experimental test PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510911Y.0000000013 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 154 EP - 160 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-25293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Drop and fire testing of spent fuel and HLW transport casks at 'BAM test site technical safety' N2 - BAM, as a competent German government institute for the mechanical and thermal testing of radioactive material transport and storage containers, operates unique drop and fire test facilities for experimental investigations on the open air BAM Test Site Technical Safety. To be able to perform even drop tests with full scale spent fuel or HAW casks (i.e. the German CASTOR cask designs), BAM constructed in 2004 a large drop test facility capable to handle 200 ton test objects, and to drop them onto a steel plate covered unyielding target with a mass of nearly 2600 ton. Drop test campaigns of the 181 ton GNS CONSTOR V/TC, the 129 ton MHI MSF-69BG and a 1:2 scale model of the GNS CASTOR HAW28M (CASTOR HAW/TB2) have been performed since then. The experimental BAM drop testing activities can be supported also by drop testing of smaller packages (up to 2 ton) in an in-house test facility and by dynamic, guided impact testing of package components and material specimen inside a new drop test machine. In May 2008, a new modern fire test facility was put into operation. The facility provides two test stands fired with liquid propane. Testing in every case has to be completed by computational investigations, where BAM operates appropriate finite element modelling on appropriate computer codes, e.g. ABAQUS, LS-DYNA, ANSYS and other analytical tools. KW - Package testing KW - Drop testing KW - Fire testing KW - Regulations PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510912Y.0000000002 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 200 EP - 205 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-26691 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten T1 - Instrumented measurements on radioactive waste disposal containers during experimental drop testing N2 - In context with disposal container safety assessment of containers for radioactive waste the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) performed numerous drop tests in the last years. The tests were accompanied by extensive and various measurement techniques especially by instrumented measurements with strain gages and accelerometers. The instrumentation of a specimen is an important tool to evaluate its mechanical behavior during impact. Test results as deceleration-time and strain-time functions constitute a main basis for the validation of assumptions in the safety analysis and for the evaluation of calculations based on finite-element methods. Strain gauges are useful to determine the time dependent magnitude of any deformation and the associated stresses. Accelerometers are widely used for the measuring of motion i.e. speed or the displacement of the rigid cask body, vibration and shock events. In addition high-speed video technique can be used to visualize and analyze the kinematical impact scenario by motion analysis. The paper describes some selected aspects on instrumented measurements and motion analysis in context with low level radioactive waste (LLW) container drop testing T2 - ICEM 2011 - 14th International Conference on environmental remediation and radioactive waste management CY - Reims, France DA - 25.09.2011 KW - Drop test KW - Radioactive KW - Disposal container KW - Instrumented measurements PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEM2011-59142 SP - 929 EP - 938 AN - OPUS4-27044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nakagami, M. A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Komatsuki, S. A1 - Fujisawa, K. A1 - Nishio, T. A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Waste container drop tests onto a concrete target N2 - The paper presents technical details of the drop test performance as well as some experimental results of tests carried out with the Japanese 'Yoyushindo-disposal' waste container for intermediate depth disposal. The tests were accompanied by various metrology to collect data as basis for safety assessment. T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials CY - London, UK DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Waste container KW - Drop test KW - Concrete target PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 8 (Paper 367) AN - OPUS4-27045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller-Rochholz, J. A1 - Bronstein, Z. A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Rybak, Thomas A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - v. Maubeuge, K. P. ED - Delmas, P. T1 - Long-term behaviour of geosynthetic drains - excavations on landfills after up to 12 years service T2 - 7th International Conference on Geosynthetics (ICG) CY - Nice, France DA - 2002-09-22 PY - 2002 SN - 90-5809-525-8 VL - 2 SP - 565 EP - 568 PB - Balkema CY - Lisse AN - OPUS4-1902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Sterthaus, Jens A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Paffenholz, J.-A. A1 - Baeßler, Matthias ED - Papadrakakis, M. ED - Fragiadakis, M. ED - Papadimitriou, C. T1 - Implementing a Structural Health Monitoring system using digital models of the BAM large drop test facility in Horstwalde N2 - At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) full scale specimens for nuclear transport and storage containers (casks) are tested for their structural integrity in a series of drop tests on the Test Site Technical Safety in Horstwalde, 50 km south of Berlin. These drop tests cause a major stress not only on the casks, but also on the steel tower structure of the test facility, itself. The load pattern makes the structure very interesting for detailed investigation. The focus of the monitoring lies on the bolted joints of the flange connections that are a typical connection for cylindrical elements if welding is technical or economical unfavorable. The definition of the monitoring takes was done by investigating the existing documents and inspection results accompanied by building an initial digital representation of the structure, consisting of two finite element (FE) models and a geometrical 3D point cloud representation. As a first step the structures behavior during static and dynamic loading was analyzed using measurement data and an updated numerical FE Model. The idea behind is to use models for a digital planning and operation/evaluation of the structural health monitoring. A static FE simulation and a dynamic FE simulation are generated, to investigate how the structure behaves under the load conditions. T2 - XI International Conference on Structural Dynamics (EuroDyn 2020) CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Drop Tests KW - System Identification KW - Digital Models KW - BIM PY - 2020 UR - https://generalconferencefiles.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/eurodyn_2020_ebook_procedings_vol1.pdf SN - 978-618-85072-0-3 VL - 1 SP - 1293 EP - 1304 PB - Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research CY - Athen AN - OPUS4-51592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Massiot, D. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Kentgens, A. A1 - Coté, B. A1 - Coutures, J. A1 - Gessner, W. T1 - Double rotation and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study of 27Al: reexamination of the aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 N2 - 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of polycrystalline aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 have been measured in double rotation at 11.7 and 7.0 T and high-speed magic-angle spinning at 7.0, 9.4, 11.7, 14.1 and 17.6 T. Spinning sidebands from the satellite transitions were observed at 7.0 and 14.1 T. Each of the four structural aluminium sites [Al(IV), Al(V)(1), Al(V)(2) and Al(VI)] are observed, characterised and assigned in the spectra. The obtained parameter set gives a fully consistent interpretation in agreement with the crystal structure of the compound. KW - Aluminium KW - Kernresonanz, magnetisch KW - Winkel, magisch KW - Doppelrotation PY - 1995 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)00021-H SN - 0926-2040 SN - 1527-3326 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 180 PB - Academ. Press CY - Orlando, Fla. AN - OPUS4-639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-Scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR®, V/TC Package Program, and Preliminary Results KW - Drop test KW - Package KW - Spent fuel cask KW - Transport PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-12269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR V/TC Package - Program and Preliminary Results KW - Fallversuche KW - Transportbehälter für radioaktive Stoffe PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-6875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ried, Peter A1 - Gaber, Martin A1 - Beyer, Katrin A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Thermo Analytic Investigation of Hydrogen Effusion Behavior - Sensor Evaluation and Calibration N2 - The well established carrier gas analysis (CGA) method was used to test different hydrogen detectors comprising a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a metal oxide semiconducting (MOx) sensor. The MOx sensor provides high hydrogen sensitivity and selectivity, whereas the TCD exhibits a much shorter response time and a linear hydrogen concentration dependency. Therefore, the TCD was used for quantitative hydrogen concentration measurements above 50?µmol/mol. The respective calibration was made using N2/H2 gas mixtures. Furthermore, the hydrogen content and degassing behaviour of titanium hydride (TiH2-x) was studied. This material turned out to be a potential candidate for a solid sample calibration. Vacuum hot extraction (VHE) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) was then calibrated with TiH2-x as transfer standard. The calibration was applied for the evaluation of the hydrogen content of austenitic steel samples (1.4301) and the comparison of CGA-TCD and VHE-MS. KW - Hydrogen KW - Steel KW - Vacuum hot extraction KW - Carrier gas analysis KW - Titanium hydride KW - Gas calibration PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201000237 SN - 1611-3683 SN - 0177-4832 VL - 82 IS - 1 SP - 14 EP - 19 PB - Verl. Stahleisen CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-23202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Behrens, Harald A1 - Ageo-Blanco, Boris A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Wirth, Thomas T1 - Foaming Species and Trapping Mechanisms in Barium Silicate Glass Sealants N2 - Barium silicate glass powders 4 h milled in CO2 and Ar and sintered in air are studied with microscopy, total carbon analysis, differential thermal Analysis (DTA), vacuum hot extraction mass spectroscopy (VHE-MS), Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Intensive foaming of powder compacts is evident, and VHE studies prove that foaming is predominantly caused by carbonaceous species for both milling gases. DTA Shows that the decomposition of BaCO3 particles mix-milled with glass powders occurs at similar temperatures as foaming of compacts. However, no carbonate at the glass surface could be detected by FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and TOF-SIMS after heating to the temperature of sintering. Instead, CO2 molecules unable to rotate identified by FTIR spectroscopy after milling, probably trapped by mechanical dissolution into the glass bulk. Such a mechanism or microencapsulation in cracks and particle aggregates can explain the contribution of Ar to foaming after intense milling in Ar atmosphere. The amount of CO2 molecules and Ar, however, cannot fully explain the extent of foaming. Carbonates mechanically dissolved beneath the surface or encapsulated in cracks and micropores of particle aggregates are therefore probably the major foaming source. KW - Milling KW - Foaming KW - Glass powder KW - Sintering PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531227 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100445 SN - 1438-1656 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 2100445-1 EP - 2100445-13 AN - OPUS4-53122 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Yannic A1 - El Abbassi, Abdelouahad A1 - Mayer, Bernhard A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Müller, Thomas J. J. T1 - Ester‐Aroyl‐S,N‐Ketene Acetals with Solid‐State Luminescence: AIEgens from Sequential Three‐Component Desymmetrization N2 - AbstractDi(hetero)aroyl dichlorides are desymmetrized upon sequential reaction with alcohols and 2‐methyl N‐benzyl thiazolium salts within the course of a one‐pot three‐component reaction yielding ester‐substituted aroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals under mild conditions in good yields. A prerequisite for the concise one‐pot process is the different nucleophilicity of the alcohols and in situ generated S,N‐ketene acetals. The resulting compounds are merocyanines with dominant charge‐transfer absorption bands which are fluorescent in the solid state, but not in solution. In water/ethanol solvent mixtures of increasing water content, the water‐insoluble dyes display typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The water fraction inducing AIE as well as the emission color, and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) of the aggregated dyes can be controlled by the alcohol part of the ester moiety. Encapsulation into polystyrene nanoparticles can lead to a considerable increase of the fluorescence quantum yield Φf to 30% as shown for a representatively chosen dye revealing the highest Φf of 11% within the dye series in the water/ethanol mixtures and enabling the usage of these dyes as fluorescent reporters in aqueous environments. KW - Dye KW - Fluorescence KW - Aggregation KW - Mechanism KW - Signal enhancement KW - Nano KW - Particle KW - Characterization KW - Quantum yield KW - Photophysics KW - Probe KW - Sensor KW - Lifetime KW - Polarity PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642400 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502071 SN - 0947-6539 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-64240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denißen, M. A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Müller, T. J. J. T1 - 3-Piperazinyl propenylidene indolone merocyanines: consecutive three-component synthesis and electronic properties of solid-state luminophores with AIE properties N2 - A series of twelve 3-piperazinyl propenylidene indolone merocyanines was synthesized in a one-pot fashion using a consecutive three-component insertion-coupling-Michael addition sequence. Physicalorganic treatment of the absorption data of a consanguineous series of this library allows semiquantitative Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFERs) to be established and confirmation of the positive Absorption solvatochromicity. All Boc-substituted piperazinyl merocyanines display aggregation induced Emission (AIE), which was corroborated for two solvent systems. In particular, crystallization-induced Emission enhancement (CIEE) induced by ultrasonication could be shown for a model chromophore by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). KW - Indolone merocyanines KW - AIE KW - CIEE KW - CLSM PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7qm00198c SN - 2052-1537 N1 - Geburtsname von Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N. - Birth name of Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N. VL - 1 IS - 10 SP - 2013 EP - 2026 AN - OPUS4-43213 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gers-Panther, C.F. A1 - Fischer, H. A1 - Nordmann, J. A1 - Seiler, T. A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Frank, W. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Müller, T.J.J. T1 - Four- and Five-Component Syntheses and Photophysical Properties of Emission Solvatochromic 3‑Aminovinylquinoxalines N2 - 3-Aminovinylquinoxalines are readily accessible from (hetero)aryl glyoxylic acids or heterocyclic π-nucleophiles by consecutive four- and fivecomponent syntheses in the sense of an activation-alkynylation-cyclocondensation-addition sequence or glyoxylation-alkynylation-cyclocondensation-addition sequence in good yields. The title compounds are highly fluorescent with pronounced emission solvatochromicity and protochromic fluorescence quenching. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy furnishes radiative and nonradiative fluorescence decay rates in various solvent polarities. The electronic structure is corroborated by DFT and TD-DFT calculations rationalizing the observed spectroscopic effects. KW - Dye KW - Syntheseis KW - Spectroscopy PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b02581 SN - 0022-3263 VL - 82 SP - 567 EP - 578 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-39211 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, A. A1 - Lischeid, G. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Lentzsch, P. A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas A1 - Müller, M.H. T1 - Co-Cultivation of Fusarium, Alternaria, and Pseudomonas on Wheat-Ears Affects Microbial Growth and Mycotoxin Production N2 - Mycotoxigenic fungal pathogens Fusarium and Alternaria are a leading cause of loss in cereal production. On wheat-ears, they are confronted by bacterial antagonists such as pseudomonads. Studies on these groups’ interactions often neglect the infection process’s temporal aspects and the associated priority effects. In the present study, the focus was on how the first colonizer affects the subsequent ones. In a climate chamber experiment, wheat-ears were successively inoculated with two different strains (Alternaria enuissima At625, Fusarium graminearum Fg23, or Pseudomonas simiae Ps9). Over three weeks, microbial abundances and mycotoxin concentrations were analyzed and visualized via Self Organizing Maps with Sammon Mapping (SOM-SM). All three strains revealed different characteristics and strategies to deal with co-inoculation: Fg23, as the first colonizer, suppressed the establishment of At625 and Ps9. Nevertheless, primary inoculation of At625 reduced all of the Fusarium toxins and stopped Ps9 from establishing. Ps9 showed priority effects in delaying and blocking the production of the fungal mycotoxins. The SOM-SM analysis visualized the competitive strengths: Fg23 ranked first, At625 second, Ps9 third. Our findings of species-specific priority effects in a natural environment and the role of the mycotoxins involved are relevant for developing biocontrol strategies. KW - Antagonists KW - Microbe interactions KW - Mycotoxins KW - Priority effect KW - SOM-SM PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-521554 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020443 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 443 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-52155 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Wolk, Thomas A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Müller, Bernd R. T1 - Evaluating porosity in cordierite diesel particulate filter materials: advanced X-ray techniques and new statistical analysis methods T2 - ECNDT 2014 - 11th European conference on non-destructive testing CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2014-10-06 KW - Porous ceramics KW - Diesel particulate filters KW - Pore orientation KW - X-ray computed tomography KW - X-ray refraction KW - DIVA algorithm KW - Phase contrast KW - Edge artefact KW - Soft matter radiography KW - Wavelet transform KW - Huygens elementary waves PY - 2014 SN - 978-80-214-5018-9 SP - 1 EP - 8(?) AN - OPUS4-31973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Haarring, Holger A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Wolk, Thomas T1 - Industrial and synchrotron X-ray CT applications for materials characterisation N2 - The combination of tomographic, microstructural data with other experimental techniques and with modeling is paramount, if we want to extract the maximum amount of information on material and component properties. In particular, quantitative image analysis, statistical approaches, direct discretization of tomographic reconstructions represent concrete possibilities to extend the power of the tomographic 3D representation to insights into the material and component performance. This logic thread holds equally for industrial and academic research, and valorizes expensive experiments such as those carried out at synchrotron sources, which cannot be daily repeated. We shall show a few examples of possible use of X-ray tomographic data for quantitative assessment of damage evolution and microstructural properties, as well as for non-destructive testing. We will also show how X-ray refraction computed tomography (CT) can be highly complementary to classic absorption CT, being sensitive to internal interfaces. T2 - iCT Conference 2014 - Conference on industrial computed tomography CY - Wels, Austria DA - 25.02.2014 KW - X-ray absorption and refraction CT KW - Quantitative image analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Complex microstructure PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-8440-2557-6 SP - 15 EP - 31 PB - Shaker CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-30484 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Borch, Jörg-Peter T1 - Fire tests of RAM packages and containers under high thermal load N2 - Fire testing is an essential part of the hypothetical, cumulative mechanical and thermal test conditions that shall guarantee package safety in severe accidents. Within regulatory approval of transport or storage packages for radioactive material, specific thermal load tests are required in accordance to licensing conditions and international standards, respectively. The specifications of these thermal tests are based on test conditions with equivalent heat input to that of a hydrocarbon fuel fire. In the past, light heating oil, diesel or kerosene was mostly used as the fuel to generate the pool fire. In accordance with IAEA regulations for a fire in an accident, the temperature of 800 °C over a period of 30 minutes must be fulfilled. Furthermore, the delivery acceptance criteria for containers in nuclear waste repositories could reach for example average temperatures of 800 °C during a period of one hour in combination with defined requirements on activity release. BAM as a scientific and technical German federal government institute operates an open air Technical Safety Test Site for experimental investigations of dangerous good and its containment. In this areal a large fire test facility is under operation. Liquid Propane is utilized as fuel which is pumped via pipelines from a central storage tank to the fire exposed test facility areas. In the ring burner system, the gas is released from nozzles, and ignited by ignition burners. The paper includes examples of fire test performance with prototypes of a transport package and a storage container, respectively. In preparation of the thermal load, calorimeter tests have been performed using test specimens of appropriate size and behavior. For the fire test scenario is demonstrated that the IAEA thermal test requirements are fulfilled. T2 - 19th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials PATRAM 2019 CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 04.08.2019 KW - IAEA Thermal Test KW - Thermal package testing KW - Transport package KW - Container for radioactive waste PY - 2019 SP - Paper 1298, 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-49093 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Wolk, Thomas A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Müller, Bernd R. T1 - Bewertung von Porositätsparametern in Cordierit-Diesel-Partikelfilter-Materialien mit fortgeschrittenen Röntgenverfahren und statistischer Analyse N2 - Bikontinuierliche poröse Keramiken für Filteranwendungen weisen eine komplizierte Mikrostruktur auf, in der Poren und Festkörperphase 'vermischt' sind. Mechanische, thermische sowie Filtereigenschaften können nur präzise bestimmt werden, wenn die Morphologie beider Phasen quantitativ angegeben werden kann. Hier werden unter Anwendung von 3D Computertomographie (CT) und verschiedenen Techniken, die auf der Röntgenrefraktion basieren, die Porosität und die Porenorientierung in keramischen Cordierit-Dieselpartikelfiltern bewertet. Dabei werden zur Auswertung der Tomogramme die Fouriertransformierten sowie eine neu entwickelte richtungssensitive Bildanalyse (DIVA, directional interface variance analysis) angewandt. Sowohl die genannten Messtechniken als auch der statistische Ansatz gestatten die Extraktion optional ortsaufgelöster oder gemittelter Werte. Es ergeben sich sehr gute Übereinstimmungen der experimentell ermittelten Porositätswerte mit Ergebnissen aus Quecksilberintrusionsversuchen als auch der ermittelten Porenorientierung im Vergleich zu publizierten Angaben zur kristallographischen Textur. Dies legt den Schluss nahe, dass die Kenntnis der Grenzflächen (zwischen Poren und Materie) genügt, die morphologischen Eigenschaften solcher Materialien hinreichend zu beschreiben. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2014 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 26.05.2014 KW - Cordierit KW - Poröse Keramik KW - Porenorientierung KW - Röntgenrefraktion KW - Computer-Tomographie KW - 3D-Mikrostruktur PY - 2014 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-312946 SN - 978-3-940283-61-0 VL - 148 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31294 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faghani, A. A1 - Gholami, M. F. A1 - Trunk, M. A1 - Müller, J. A1 - Pachfule, P. A1 - Vogl, S. A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Li, M. A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Shao, J. A1 - Huang, M. R. S. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Arenal, R. A1 - Koch, C. T. A1 - Paulus, B. A1 - Rabe, J. P. A1 - Thomas, A. A1 - Haag, R. A1 - Adeli, M. T1 - Metal-Assisted and Solvent-Mediated Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Triazine Structures on Gram Scale N2 - Covalent triazine frameworks are an emerging material class that have shown promising performance for a range of applications. In this work, we report on a metal-assisted and solvent-mediated reaction between calcium carbide and cyanuric chloride, as cheap and commercially available precursors, to synthesize two-dimensional triazine structures (2DTSs). The reaction between the solvent, dimethylformamide, and cyanuric chloride was promoted by calcium carbide and resulted in dimethylamino-s-triazine intermediates, which in turn undergo nucleophilic substitutions. This reaction was directed into two dimensions by calcium ions derived from calcium carbide and induced the formation of 2DTSs. The role of calcium ions to direct the two-dimensionality of the final structure was simulated using DFT and further proven by synthesizing molecular intermediates. The water content of the reaction medium was found to be a crucial factor that affected the structure of the products dramatically. While 2DTSs were obtained under anhydrous conditions, a mixture of graphitic material/2DTSs or only graphitic material (GM) was obtained in aqueous solutions. Due to the straightforward and gram-scale synthesis of 2DTSs, as well as their photothermal and photodynamic properties, they are promising materials for a wide range of future applications, including bacteria and virus incapacitation. KW - XPS KW - Triazine KW - 2D PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c02399 VL - 142 IS - 30 SP - 12976 EP - 12986 PB - ACS American Chemical Society AN - OPUS4-51203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Tougaard, S. A1 - Werner, W. S. M. A1 - Hronek, M. A1 - Kunz, Valentin A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Benemann, Sigrid A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya A1 - Geißler, Daniel A1 - Sparnacci, K. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Determining the thickness and completeness of the shell of polymer core-shell nanoparticles by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and transmission scanning electron microscopy N2 - Core–shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) have become indispensable in various industrial applications. However, their real internal structure usually deviates from an ideal core–shell structure. To control how the particles perform with regard to their specific applications, characterization techniques are required that can distinguish an ideal from a nonideal morphology. In this work, we investigated poly(tetrafluoroethylene)–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PTFE–PMMA) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene)–polystyrene (PTFE–PS) polymer CSNPs with a constant core diameter (45 nm) but varying shell thicknesses (4–50 nm). As confirmed by transmission scanning electron microscopy (T-SEM), the shell completely covers the core for the PTFE–PMMA nanoparticles, while the encapsulation of the core by the shell material is incomplete for the PTFE–PS nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to determine the shell thickness of the nanoparticles. The software SESSA v2.0 was used to analyze the intensities of the elastic peaks, and the QUASES software package was employed to evaluate the shape of the inelastic background in the XPS survey spectra. For the first time, nanoparticle shell thicknesses are presented, which are exclusively based on the analysis of the XPS inelastic background. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA)-assisted time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) of the PTFE–PS nanoparticle sample set revealed a systematic variation among the samples and, thus, confirmed the incomplete encapsulation of the core by the shell material. As opposed to that, no variation is observed in the PCA score plots of the PTFE–PMMA nanoparticle sample set. Consequently, the complete coverage of the core by the shell material is proved by ToF-SIMS with a certainty that cannot be achieved by XPS and T-SEM. KW - XPS KW - T-SEM KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Core-shell nanoparticles PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-499165 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b09258 VL - 123 IS - 49 SP - 29765 EP - 29775 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-49916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Darlatt, Erik A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Müller, S. A1 - Schalley, C. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Systematic XP and NEXAFS spectroscopy studies of (ter-)pyridineterminated self-assembled monolayers and their addressability for functional molecules N2 - The chemical composition of surfaces functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is an important parameter that determines their performance in a broad range of applications, from immobilizing molecular machines to initiation and growth control of MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks). In this article, a critical Survey of XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and NEXAFS (near edge X-ray absorption fine structure) spectroscopy data for pyridine-functionalized monolayers on gold surfaces is presented to compile correlations that have been indiscernible before. Monolayers with aromatic backbones are compared to monolayers with aliphatic backbones. Monolayers with pyridine end-groups are compared to mixed monolayers formed terpyridine-functionalized by molecules end-groups and non-functionalized molecules. Thiol-oxidation during ageing of the SAMs in air is addressed. And finally, the addressability of the SAMs for the deposition of metal-ions and organic molecules is investigated and compared. This work consequently delivers a comprehensive set of spectroscopic data of (ter-)pyridine-terminated SAMs and their performance as template for the preparation of functional multilayers of macrocycles exhibiting a preferential orientation. KW - (ter-)pyridineterminated self-assembled monolayer KW - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) KW - NEXAFS PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2019.03.011 VL - 233 SP - 28 EP - 37 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-48018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Wolk, Thomas A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evaluating porosity in cordierite diesel particulate filter materials, part 1 X-ray refraction N2 - Bi-continuous porous ceramics for filtration applications possess a particularly complicated microstructure, with porosity and solid matter being intermingled. Mechanical, thermal, and filtration properties can only be precisely estimated if the morphology of both solid matter and porosity can be quantitatively determined. Using x-ray absorption and refraction, we quantitatively evaluate porosity and pore orientation in cordierite diesel particulate filter ceramics. Porosity values turn out to agree with mercury intrusion measurements, while pore orientation factors agree with published crystallographic texture data. KW - Porous ceramics KW - Pore orientation KW - X-ray refraction KW - Synchrotron KW - Interface PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.4416/JCST2013-00021 SN - 2190-9385 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 169 EP - 176 PB - Göller CY - Baden-Baden AN - OPUS4-29939 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Wolk, Thomas A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evaluating porosity in cordierite Diesel particulate filter materials, Part 2 statistical analysis of computed tomography data N2 - Complementary to Part 1 of this work, the bi-continuous microstructure of porous synthetic cordierite ceramics for filtration applications was investigated using 3D x-ray computed tomography at different resolutions. Applying both Fast Fourier Transform and a newly developed image analysis algorithm, we quantitatively evaluated porosity and pore orientation. The statistical approach allows extraction of spatially resolved or average values. Porosity values based on x-ray absorption agree with mercury intrusion measurements, while pore orientation factors agree with x-ray refraction data (Part 1 of this work), and with published crystallographic texture data. KW - Pore orientation KW - Porous ceramics KW - Computed tomography KW - 3D microstructure PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.4416/JCST2013-00022 SN - 2190-9385 VL - 05 IS - 01 SP - 13 EP - 22 PB - Göller CY - Baden-Baden AN - OPUS4-30379 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Wolk, Thomas A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evaluating porosity in cordierite diesel particulate filter materials: advanced X-ray techniques and new statistical analysis methods N2 - Bi-continuous porous ceramics for filtration applications possess a particularly complicated microstructure, whereby porosity and solid matter are intermingled. Mechanical, thermal, and filtration properties can only be precisely estimated if the morphology of both solid matter and porosity can be quantitatively determined. Using 3D computed tomography (CT) at different resolutions, and several X-ray refraction-based techniques, we quantitatively evaluated porosity and pore orientation in cordierite diesel particulate filter ceramics.Moreover, applying both Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and a newly developed image analysis algorithm (directional interface variance analysis, DIVA), we quantitatively evaluated porosity and pore orientation. Both the experimental techniques and the statistical approach allow extraction of spatially resolved or average values.Porosity values from synchrotron computed tomography used turn out to agree with mercury intrusion measurements, while pore orientation factors agree with published crystallographic texture data. This latter point also implies that the study of the pore/matter interface is sufficient to describe the morphological properties of these materials. KW - Diesel particulate filters KW - DIVA Algorithm KW - Pore Orientation KW - Porous Ceramics KW - X-Ray Computed Tomography KW - X-Ray Refraction PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.91.64 SN - 1662-0356 VL - 91 SP - 64 EP - 69 PB - Techna CY - Faenza AN - OPUS4-32069 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - A plenary view on the vigour of our NDE reliability models N2 - Using the Modular Reliability Model the three different main influencing elements, i.e. intrinsic capability (IC), application parameters (AP) and the human factors (HF), are, in the first instance, investigated separately. The intrinsic capability stands for the pure physical-technological process of the signal detection caused by the waves or the rays from a material defect in the presence of noise (driven by the material and the devices). This intrinsic capability is the upper bound of the possible reliability. Already when measuring this intrinsic capability for thick walled components the original one-parameter POD must be extended to a multiparameter POD, where, in addition to the defect size, a number of additional physical parameters, such as the grain size distribution (or attenuation), defect depth, and angle or surface roughness, must be considered. For real life cycle assessments it is necessary to evaluate the signal response from real defects. The industrial application factors, e.g. coupling conditions, limited accessibility, heat and environmental vibrations, diminish the reliability. The amount of reduction can be determined quantitatively, if the underlying conditions are controlled. In case they are not controlled it is necessary to count for a fluctuation in the reliability in the field anyway. The third group of important influencing factors are the human factors, which do not only cover the individual performance capability of the inspectors but also the design of the working place,the procedure, the teamwork quality, interaction with systems, the organization, and finally, the relationship between the companies involved in the inspection process and to which extend the responsible parties are aware of it. When comparing an “ideal inspection” with a “real inspection” it is worth while to look how the existing practices, rules and standards support reliable testing and where the “delta” is. In the context of vigor, with respect to the industrial end user, it needs to be shown how the level of reliability of NDE, influenced by the different factors, has an impact on acceptance or rejection of safety critical parts. T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.10.2013 PY - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-312658 SN - 978-3-940283-53-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 144 SP - Lecture 2, 1 EP - 18 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31265 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Zoёga, Andreas T1 - Reliability analysis of the ultrasonic inspection system for the inspection of hollow railway axles N2 - Axles are safety critical train components that are subjected to significant cyclic loading during operation. If the crack is initiated in the axle, cyclic loading will lead to crack propagation. To maintain structural integrity, axles must be periodically inspected for fatigue cracks in the material. Deutsche Bahn uses mechanized ultrasonic inspection system to inspect hollow railway axles. The inspections are performed from the bore surface, using several conventional transducers with different incident angles, inspecting the axle along the entire length. As with the every safety critical system, the reliability of these inspections must be determined with regard to their flaw detection capabilities. Traditionally this is done according to the relevant standards for railway vehicles. To investigate the capability of the NDT system more thoroughly, we want to evaluate the capability of the inspection system to detect flaws by means of probability of detection (POD) curves. It will be shown that other parameters, beside the size of the crack, for example crack position in the axle, influence the detection of the crack. The influence of these parameters was evaluated using ultrasonic simulation. The evaluation served as an input for the manufacturing of the flaws in the real scale axle. Once these axles are inspected and the data evaluated, using data from both measurement and simulation, we will express the POD of the crack as function of influencing parameters using the multiparameter POD model. T2 - 19th Wolrd Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - POD KW - Railway KW - Axle KW - Safety KW - Reliability KW - Ultrasonics PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366996 VL - 2016/158 SP - Tu.3.D.5 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-36699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Müller, Sabine A1 - Nowak, Thomas Rudolf A1 - Vergin, Dirk T1 - 3D-SAFT Imaging von Streuern in Brettschichtholz N2 - Aktuell wird die Ultraschallechotechnik für Holzbauteile genutzt, indem aus der Abschattung eines ansonsten stabilen Rückwandechos auf Auffälligkeiten im Holzbauteil geschlossen wird. Dabei werden Transversalwellen (Mittenfrequenz 50 kHz) mit der Polarisationsrichtung in Faserrichtung (L) angewendet. In einem 2012 abgeschlossenen Forschungsvorhaben wurde nun die direkte Abbildung von Streuern durch anisotrope SAFT-Rekonstruktion entwickelt. Dazu werden flächig aufgenommene Ultraschallmessdaten mit automatisiert scannenden Druck- und Scherwellenköpfen erzeugt und auf Basis anisotroper Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen rekonstruiert. Benutzt werden die auch häufig für Beton eingesetzten trocken ankoppelnden Punktkontakt-Prüfköpfe. Da damit auch intensive Wellen an der Oberfläche erzeugt werden, entstehen im Material zusätzliche Kopfwellen, die ebenfalls bei der Rekonstruktion berücksichtigt werden. Da die Wellengeschwindigkeiten in Holz individuell stark schwanken, wird eine interaktive Auswertetechnik zur Ermittlung der Materialkonstanten benutzt. Für die Messungen werden Druckwellen sowie Scherwellen in zwei Polarisationsrichtungen verwendet. Die Messungen erfolgen sowohl mit automatischen Scannersystemen als auch mit einem linearen Prüfkopf-Array (kommerziell erhältlicher multistatischer Messkopf). Gezeigt werden Ergebnisse an Bauteilen mit künstlichen und realen Fehlstellen. Das Forschungsprojekt wurde gefördert vom Bundesamt für Bau- und Raumordnung (BBR, Zukunft Bau). T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2013 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.05.2013 KW - Holz KW - Ultraschallecho KW - Anisotropie KW - Rekonstruktionsrechnung KW - Fehlstellenortung PY - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-293509 SN - 978-3-940283-49-8 IS - Poster 8 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-29350 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Tougaard, S. A1 - Werner, W. S. M. A1 - Hronek, M. A1 - Kunz, Valentin A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Benemann, Sigrid A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya A1 - Geißler, Daniel A1 - Sparnacci, K. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Correction to "Determining the thickness and completeness of the shell of polymer core-shell nanoparticles by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and transmission scanning electron microscopy" N2 - This is a corrigendum to the original article "Determining the thickness and completeness of the shell of polymer core-shell nanoparticles by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and transmission scanning electron microscopy" that was published in "The journal of physical chemistry C", vol. 123 (2019), no. 49 pp. 29765-29775. PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505451 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c00027 SN - 1932-7447 SN - 1932-7455 VL - 124 IS - 6 SP - 3923 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-50545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El Abbassi, Abdelouahad A1 - Krenzer, Julius A1 - Petrov, Eugene P. A1 - Biesen, Lukas A1 - Vasylyeva, Vera A1 - Merzenich, Sarah A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Müller, Thomas J. J. T1 - Aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal-triarylamine bichromophores – intramolecular energy transfer and dual emission upon induced aggregation and encapsulation N2 - Aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal-based bichromophores are synthesized by a catalytic aryl amination and their photophysics are studied in the solid state, in ethanol–water mixtures inducing aggregation, and after encapsulation in polystyrene nanoparticles. The dye substitution pattern controls aggregation-induced emission and intramolecular energy transfer efficiency, resulting in single-band or dual fluorescence and a strong increase in fluorescence quantum yield upon particle encapsulation. KW - Fluorescence KW - Dye KW - Aggregation KW - Photophysics KW - Enhancement KW - White light emission KW - Energy transfer KW - Quantum yield PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656700 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra09361a SN - 2046-2069 VL - 16 IS - 11 SP - 10255 EP - 10260 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-65670 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -