TY - JOUR A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Schubert, Sven T1 - Comparison of experimental results from drop testing of spent fuel package design using full scale prototype model and reduced scale model N2 - This paper presents a comparison between full scale prototype and reduced scale model drop test data in regard to similarity mechanics. Together with a current BAM research project, the paper contributes to the further development of mechanical evaluation methods for safety assessment of RAM transport and storage packages including the transferability of package impact response from reduced scale models to full scale packages. KW - Full scale KW - Reduced scale KW - Drop testing KW - Similarity PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/174651008X362575 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 197 EP - 202 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-20135 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Melnik, Nauka A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Impact target characterisation of BAM drop test facility N2 - BAM safety related research of containers for radioactive material focuses on advanced mechanical safety assessment methods for verification of the structural integrity and leak tightness under normal conditions of transport and hypothetical accident conditions during transport and storage. An essentially unyielding target with a rigid surface is required for impact tests performed for package approval according to IAEA regulations. In addition to specification of a target, e.g. with a combined mass more than 10 times that of the specimen for drop tests, unyielding target characteristics have been investigated with various package designs and different impact tests. The unyielding target of the BAM drop test facility, a reinforced concrete block together with an embedded and anchored mild steel plate, provides relatively large mass and stiffness with respect to the packages being tested. For monitoring reasons accelerometers and strain gauges are embedded in the concrete block of the foundation at several positions. Additionally, dynamic impact responses like vibrations and rigid body motion can be measured by seismic accelerometers. The mechanical characterisation of the target's rigidity is based on experimental results from various drop tests. Test containers with weights of 181 000 kg, 127 000 kg and 8010 kg hit the target with velocities up to 13·5 m s-1 in the horizontal and vertical drop positions. The rigidity of the impact target can be demonstrated with experimental results confirmed by analytical approaches. Some conclusions can be drawn about experimental testing as well as analytical calculations in order to compare impact effects. KW - Target KW - Unyielding KW - Impact KW - Drop test PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/174651008X344449 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 217 EP - 221 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-20136 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Musolff, André T1 - Characterisation of shock-absorbing components under impact loading N2 - For validation of structural integrity under normal and hypothetical accident conditions during transport and storage of dangerous goods the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) focuses its safety related scientific research on advanced mechanical safety assessment methods including simulation of high rate impact of model components and structures. An impact and crash test facility was recently developed for performing dynamic impact tests with component size specimen, or to crash specimens of impact limiter materials and structural components. The paper presents experimental techniques of BAM drop test machine and options of several measurement methods and advancements in order to characterize typical shock-absorbing materials under impact loading conditions. Instrumented drop weight tests are performed to complete materials data base and energy absorption of shock-absorbing materials as well as to implement materials and structural parameters into FEA of reference structures. T2 - 9th International conference on the mechanical and physical behaviour of materials under dynamic loading - DYMAT 2009 CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 2009-09-07 PY - 2009 SN - 978-2-7598-0472-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.1051/dymat/2009081 VL - 1/2 SP - 569 EP - 574 PB - EDP Sciences AN - OPUS4-20242 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Debatin, F. A1 - Thomas, A. A1 - Kelling, A. A1 - Hedin, N. A1 - Bacsik, Z. A1 - Senkovska, I. A1 - Kaskel, S. A1 - Junginger, M. A1 - Müller, H. A1 - Schilde, U. A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Friedrich, A. A1 - Holdt, H.-J. T1 - In situ synthesis of an imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate ligand and formation of a microporous zinc-organic framework with H2-and CO2-storage ability KW - Metal-organic framework KW - Synthesis KW - XRD KW - FTIR KW - NMR KW - Gas sorption KW - Microporous materials KW - N,O ligands KW - Solvothermal synthesis PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200906188 SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 SN - 0570-0833 VL - 49 IS - 7 SP - 1258 EP - 1262 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-21132 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Nakagami, M. A1 - Komatsuki, S. A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Fujisawa, K. T1 - Disposal container safety assessment - drop tests with 'Yoyushindo-disposal' waste container onto concrete target N2 - This paper presents technical details of the drop test performance as well as some experimental results of tests carried out with the Japanese 'Yoyushindo-Disposal' waste container for intermediate depth disposal. The drop test program comprised three single 8 m drop tests at the specimen's corner edge orientation onto a concrete slab. The slab was connected to the unyielding IAEA target of the BAM's 200 t drop test facility. The three tested specimens had masses between 20 000 and 28 000 kg depending on their content mass. The tests were accompanied by various metrology, such as strain and deceleration measurements, optical three-dimensional deformation methods, leak tightness testing and test installation for potential particle release measurements to collect a set of data for establishing a basis for safety assessment. KW - Drop test KW - Disposal container KW - Safety PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/174650910X12681251630291 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 132 EP - 141 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-22613 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Müller, Karsten T1 - Durchführung experimenteller Fallprüfungen im Rahmen der mechanischen Bauartprüfung von Transportbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe T2 - Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2010 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2010-05-04 PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 7 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-22770 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Drop test program with the half-scale model CASTOR HAW/TB2 T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials CY - London, UK DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Spent fuel transport cask KW - Drop test KW - Impact limiter KW - Measurement procedure PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-22771 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SiO2 on Si - Part V: Results of a CCQM pilot study N2 - Results are reported from a pilot study under the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) to compare measurements of and resolve any relevant measurement issues in, the amount of thermal SiO2 oxide on (100) and (111) orientation Si wafer substrates in the thickness range 1.5 - 8 nm. As a result of the invitation to participate in this activity, 45 sets of measurements have been made in different laboratories using 10 analytical methods: medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), RBS, elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS), XPS, SIMS, ellipsometry, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectrometry (GIXRR), neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurements are made on separate sets of 10 carefully prepared samples, all of which have been characterised by a combination of ellipsometry and XPS using carefully established reference conditions and reference parameters. The results have been assessed against the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) data and all show excellent linearity. The remaining data sets correlate with the NPL data with average root-mean-square scatters of 0.15 nm, half being better than 0.1 nm and a few at or better than 0.05 nm. Each set of data allows a relative scaling constant and a zero thickness offset to be determined. Each method has an inherent zero thickness offset between 0 nm and 1 nm and it is these offsets, measured here for the first time, that have caused many problems in the past. There are three basic classes of offset: water and carbonadeous contamination equivalent to ~1 nm as seen by ellipsometry; adsorbed oxygen mainly from water at an equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm as seen by MEIS, NRA, RBS and possibly GIXRR; and no offset as seen by XPS using the Si 2p peaks. Each technique has a different uncertainty for the scaling constant and consistent results have been achieved. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has large uncertainties for the scaling constant but a high precision and, critically, if used correctly, has zero offset. Thus, a combination of XPS and the other methods allows the XPS scaling constant to be determined with low uncertainty, traceable via the other methods. XPS laboratories returning results early were invited to test a new reference procedure. All showed very significant improvements. The reference attenuation lengths thus need scaling by 0.986 ± 0.009 (at an expansion factor of 2) deduced from the data for the other methods. Several other methods have small offsets and, to the extent that these can be shown to be constant or measurable, then these methods will also show low uncertainty. Recommendations are provided for parameters for XPS, MEIS, RBS and NRA to improve their accuracy. KW - Calibration KW - Ellipsometry KW - GIXRR KW - Interlaboratory study KW - MEIS KW - Neutron reflectometry KW - NRA KW - RBS KW - Silicon dioxide KW - SIMS KW - XPS PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1909 SN - 0142-2421 SN - 1096-9918 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 1269 EP - 1303 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-5549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Güttler, B. A1 - Schiel, D. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Müller, J.-P. T1 - Physical and Chemical Characterization of Thermal and Native Siliconoxide layers on Silicon T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the New Millenium" CY - Berlin, BAM, Germany DA - 2000-05-22 PY - 2000 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) AN - OPUS4-6924 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Full-scale Drop Testing of Spent Fuel Transport and Storage Casks: experiences of BAM and new Developments T2 - 46th Annual Meeting of the Institute for Nuclear Materials Management CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 2005-07-10 KW - Drop tests KW - Spent fuel transport packages PY - 2005 SP - 6 pages PB - Institute for Nuclear Materials Management CY - Phoenix AN - OPUS4-7614 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Zeisler, Peter A1 - Müller, Karsten T1 - Interactions between Cask Components and Content of Packaging for the Transport of Radioactive Material During Drop Tests N2 - This paper describes the analytical, numerical and experimental investigations on the phenomenon of interactions between cask components and content of packages for the transport of radioactive material during drop tests required according to the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material. Radial and axial gaps between cask components and content are usually necessary for thermal reasons but larger gaps can exist because of the geometrical dimensions of the specified content. Consequently interactions between content and cask components (lid system, cask body, etc.) are possible and can not be excluded during drop tests. Interactions in this context are relative movements between cask and content which are mainly due to elastic spring effects after releasing the cask for the free drop. These relative movements can cause interior collisions between content and cask during the main impact of the package onto the unyielding target. Drop tests with various types of Type A and Type B packages fully instrumented with strain gauges and accelerometers showed that these interactions respectively interior collisions can be considerable relating to high forces acting on cask lids, lid bolts and the content. Of course the real quantitative consequences of the interactions depend upon different conditions, among others the drop orientation, the design characteristics of the impact limiters, the dimensions of the gaps, the material characteristics of the contents, etc. . In order to investigate more precisely the phenomenon of interactions BAM carried out finite element calculations for the named casks using the ABAQUS/ Standard and ABAQUS/ Explicit computer code comparing them with results obtained from experiments. Additionally, tests with a simplified model instrumented with accelerometers were carried out accompanied by finite element calculations and analytical calculations using MATHEMATICA. The investigations on the mentioned phenomena of interaction show that they should be considered in approval design tests and/ or calculations. T2 - 17th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology ; SMiRT 17 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-08-17 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/36/071/36071659.pdf IS - G04-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) CY - Prague AN - OPUS4-2825 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements KW - SiO2 KW - Thin films KW - Thickness KW - XPS KW - Ellipsometry KW - TEM PY - 2003 SN - 1473-2734 SP - 57 pages AN - OPUS4-4118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Measurement techniques and preliminary results of drop tests with full scale spent fuel transport and storage casks KW - Drop testing KW - Full scale spent fuel cask KW - Deceleration KW - Strain PY - 2006 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 191 EP - 195 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-14431 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Drop test program with a HLW cask model - performance, measurements and results N2 - BAM (Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing) is the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste (HLW) in Germany. In context with package design approval of the new German HLW cask CASTOR HAW28M, BAM performed several drop tests with a half-scale model of the CASTOR HAW/TB2. The test model was manufactured by GNS (Gesellschaft fur Nuklear Service mbH) and tested under accident transport conditions on the 200 tons BAM drop test facility at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. For this comprehensive test program the test specimen CASTOR HAW/TB2 was instrumented at 21 measurement planes with altogether 23 piezo-resistive accelerometers, five temperature sensors and 131 tri-axial strain gauges in the container interior and exterior, respectively. The strains of four representative lid bolts were recorded by four uniaxial strain gauges per each bolt. Helium leakage rate measurements were performed before and after each test in the above noted testing sequence. The paper presents some experimental results of the half-scale CASTOR HAW/TB2 prototype (14,500 kg) and measurement data logging. T2 - 52nd INMM Annual meeting CY - Palm Desert, CA, USA DA - 17.07.2011 KW - Drop test results KW - Spent fuel transport cask KW - Impact limiter KW - Measurement methods KW - Drop test program PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-24245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abou-Ras, D. A1 - Caballero, R. A1 - Fischer, C.-H. A1 - Kaufmann, C.A. A1 - Lauermann, I. A1 - Mainz, R. A1 - Mönig, H. A1 - Schöpke, A. A1 - Stephan, C. A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Schorr, S. A1 - Eicke, A. A1 - Döbeli, M. A1 - Gade, B. A1 - Hinrichs, J. A1 - Nunney, T. A1 - Dijkstra, H. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Klemm, D. A1 - Efimova, V. A1 - Bergmaier, A. A1 - Dollinger, G. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Rockett, A.A. A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A. A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J. A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V. A1 - Schmid, T. A1 - Choi, P.-P. A1 - Müller, M. A1 - Bertram, F. A1 - Christen, J. A1 - Khatri, H. A1 - Collins, R.W. A1 - Marsillac, S. A1 - Kötschau, I. T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits. KW - Elemental distributions KW - Comparison KW - Depth profiling KW - Chemical mapping KW - Thin films KW - Solar cells KW - Chalcopyrite-type KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2 PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523 SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 728 EP - 751 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-24506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Drop test program with half scale model CASTOR HAW/TB2 N2 - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) is the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste in Germany. In context with package design approval of the new German high level waste cask CASTOR® HAW28M, BAM performed several drop tests with a half scale model of the CASTOR® HAW/TB2. The cask is manufactured by Gesellschaft für Nuklear Service mbH and was tested under accident transport conditions on the 200 tons BAM drop test facility at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. For this comprehensive test program, the test specimen CASTOR® HAW/TB2 was instrumented at 21 measurement planes with altogether 23 piezo resistive accelerometers, five temperature sensors and 131 triaxial strain gauges in the container interior and exterior respectively. The strains of four representative lid bolts were recorded by four uniaxial strain gauges per each bolt. Helium leakage rate measurements were performed before and after each test in the above noted testing sequence. The paper presents some experimental results of the half scale CASTOR® HAW/TB2 prototype (14 500 kg) and measurement data logging. It illustrates the extensive instrumentation and analyses that are used by BAM for evaluating the cask performance to the mechanical tests required by regulations. Although some of the quantitative deceleration, velocity and strain values cannot be shown because of confidentially issues, they are provided qualitatively to illustrate the types of measurements and methodologies used at BAM. KW - IAEA drop testing KW - Half scale model KW - Experimental test PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510911Y.0000000013 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 154 EP - 160 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-25293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Drop and fire testing of spent fuel and HLW transport casks at 'BAM test site technical safety' N2 - BAM, as a competent German government institute for the mechanical and thermal testing of radioactive material transport and storage containers, operates unique drop and fire test facilities for experimental investigations on the open air BAM Test Site Technical Safety. To be able to perform even drop tests with full scale spent fuel or HAW casks (i.e. the German CASTOR cask designs), BAM constructed in 2004 a large drop test facility capable to handle 200 ton test objects, and to drop them onto a steel plate covered unyielding target with a mass of nearly 2600 ton. Drop test campaigns of the 181 ton GNS CONSTOR V/TC, the 129 ton MHI MSF-69BG and a 1:2 scale model of the GNS CASTOR HAW28M (CASTOR HAW/TB2) have been performed since then. The experimental BAM drop testing activities can be supported also by drop testing of smaller packages (up to 2 ton) in an in-house test facility and by dynamic, guided impact testing of package components and material specimen inside a new drop test machine. In May 2008, a new modern fire test facility was put into operation. The facility provides two test stands fired with liquid propane. Testing in every case has to be completed by computational investigations, where BAM operates appropriate finite element modelling on appropriate computer codes, e.g. ABAQUS, LS-DYNA, ANSYS and other analytical tools. KW - Package testing KW - Drop testing KW - Fire testing KW - Regulations PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510912Y.0000000002 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 200 EP - 205 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-26691 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten T1 - Instrumented measurements on radioactive waste disposal containers during experimental drop testing N2 - In context with disposal container safety assessment of containers for radioactive waste the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) performed numerous drop tests in the last years. The tests were accompanied by extensive and various measurement techniques especially by instrumented measurements with strain gages and accelerometers. The instrumentation of a specimen is an important tool to evaluate its mechanical behavior during impact. Test results as deceleration-time and strain-time functions constitute a main basis for the validation of assumptions in the safety analysis and for the evaluation of calculations based on finite-element methods. Strain gauges are useful to determine the time dependent magnitude of any deformation and the associated stresses. Accelerometers are widely used for the measuring of motion i.e. speed or the displacement of the rigid cask body, vibration and shock events. In addition high-speed video technique can be used to visualize and analyze the kinematical impact scenario by motion analysis. The paper describes some selected aspects on instrumented measurements and motion analysis in context with low level radioactive waste (LLW) container drop testing T2 - ICEM 2011 - 14th International Conference on environmental remediation and radioactive waste management CY - Reims, France DA - 25.09.2011 KW - Drop test KW - Radioactive KW - Disposal container KW - Instrumented measurements PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEM2011-59142 SP - 929 EP - 938 AN - OPUS4-27044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nakagami, M. A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Komatsuki, S. A1 - Fujisawa, K. A1 - Nishio, T. A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Waste container drop tests onto a concrete target N2 - The paper presents technical details of the drop test performance as well as some experimental results of tests carried out with the Japanese 'Yoyushindo-disposal' waste container for intermediate depth disposal. The tests were accompanied by various metrology to collect data as basis for safety assessment. T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials CY - London, UK DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Waste container KW - Drop test KW - Concrete target PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 8 (Paper 367) AN - OPUS4-27045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller-Rochholz, J. A1 - Bronstein, Z. A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Rybak, Thomas A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - v. Maubeuge, K. P. ED - Delmas, P. T1 - Long-term behaviour of geosynthetic drains - excavations on landfills after up to 12 years service T2 - 7th International Conference on Geosynthetics (ICG) CY - Nice, France DA - 2002-09-22 PY - 2002 SN - 90-5809-525-8 VL - 2 SP - 565 EP - 568 PB - Balkema CY - Lisse AN - OPUS4-1902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Sterthaus, Jens A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Paffenholz, J.-A. A1 - Baeßler, Matthias ED - Papadrakakis, M. ED - Fragiadakis, M. ED - Papadimitriou, C. T1 - Implementing a Structural Health Monitoring system using digital models of the BAM large drop test facility in Horstwalde N2 - At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) full scale specimens for nuclear transport and storage containers (casks) are tested for their structural integrity in a series of drop tests on the Test Site Technical Safety in Horstwalde, 50 km south of Berlin. These drop tests cause a major stress not only on the casks, but also on the steel tower structure of the test facility, itself. The load pattern makes the structure very interesting for detailed investigation. The focus of the monitoring lies on the bolted joints of the flange connections that are a typical connection for cylindrical elements if welding is technical or economical unfavorable. The definition of the monitoring takes was done by investigating the existing documents and inspection results accompanied by building an initial digital representation of the structure, consisting of two finite element (FE) models and a geometrical 3D point cloud representation. As a first step the structures behavior during static and dynamic loading was analyzed using measurement data and an updated numerical FE Model. The idea behind is to use models for a digital planning and operation/evaluation of the structural health monitoring. A static FE simulation and a dynamic FE simulation are generated, to investigate how the structure behaves under the load conditions. T2 - XI International Conference on Structural Dynamics (EuroDyn 2020) CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Drop Tests KW - System Identification KW - Digital Models KW - BIM PY - 2020 UR - https://generalconferencefiles.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/eurodyn_2020_ebook_procedings_vol1.pdf SN - 978-618-85072-0-3 VL - 1 SP - 1293 EP - 1304 PB - Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research CY - Athen AN - OPUS4-51592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Massiot, D. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Kentgens, A. A1 - Coté, B. A1 - Coutures, J. A1 - Gessner, W. T1 - Double rotation and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study of 27Al: reexamination of the aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 N2 - 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of polycrystalline aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 have been measured in double rotation at 11.7 and 7.0 T and high-speed magic-angle spinning at 7.0, 9.4, 11.7, 14.1 and 17.6 T. Spinning sidebands from the satellite transitions were observed at 7.0 and 14.1 T. Each of the four structural aluminium sites [Al(IV), Al(V)(1), Al(V)(2) and Al(VI)] are observed, characterised and assigned in the spectra. The obtained parameter set gives a fully consistent interpretation in agreement with the crystal structure of the compound. KW - Aluminium KW - Kernresonanz, magnetisch KW - Winkel, magisch KW - Doppelrotation PY - 1995 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)00021-H SN - 0926-2040 SN - 1527-3326 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 180 PB - Academ. Press CY - Orlando, Fla. AN - OPUS4-639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-Scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR®, V/TC Package Program, and Preliminary Results KW - Drop test KW - Package KW - Spent fuel cask KW - Transport PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-12269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, S. A1 - Diersch, R. A1 - Lührmann, A. A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Full-scale Drop Testing of the CONSTOR V/TC Package - Program and Preliminary Results KW - Fallversuche KW - Transportbehälter für radioaktive Stoffe PY - 2005 SN - 0893-6188 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management CY - Northbrook, Ill. AN - OPUS4-6875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ried, Peter A1 - Gaber, Martin A1 - Beyer, Katrin A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Thermo Analytic Investigation of Hydrogen Effusion Behavior - Sensor Evaluation and Calibration N2 - The well established carrier gas analysis (CGA) method was used to test different hydrogen detectors comprising a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a metal oxide semiconducting (MOx) sensor. The MOx sensor provides high hydrogen sensitivity and selectivity, whereas the TCD exhibits a much shorter response time and a linear hydrogen concentration dependency. Therefore, the TCD was used for quantitative hydrogen concentration measurements above 50?µmol/mol. The respective calibration was made using N2/H2 gas mixtures. Furthermore, the hydrogen content and degassing behaviour of titanium hydride (TiH2-x) was studied. This material turned out to be a potential candidate for a solid sample calibration. Vacuum hot extraction (VHE) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) was then calibrated with TiH2-x as transfer standard. The calibration was applied for the evaluation of the hydrogen content of austenitic steel samples (1.4301) and the comparison of CGA-TCD and VHE-MS. KW - Hydrogen KW - Steel KW - Vacuum hot extraction KW - Carrier gas analysis KW - Titanium hydride KW - Gas calibration PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201000237 SN - 1611-3683 SN - 0177-4832 VL - 82 IS - 1 SP - 14 EP - 19 PB - Verl. Stahleisen CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-23202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Behrens, Harald A1 - Ageo-Blanco, Boris A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Wirth, Thomas T1 - Foaming Species and Trapping Mechanisms in Barium Silicate Glass Sealants N2 - Barium silicate glass powders 4 h milled in CO2 and Ar and sintered in air are studied with microscopy, total carbon analysis, differential thermal Analysis (DTA), vacuum hot extraction mass spectroscopy (VHE-MS), Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Intensive foaming of powder compacts is evident, and VHE studies prove that foaming is predominantly caused by carbonaceous species for both milling gases. DTA Shows that the decomposition of BaCO3 particles mix-milled with glass powders occurs at similar temperatures as foaming of compacts. However, no carbonate at the glass surface could be detected by FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and TOF-SIMS after heating to the temperature of sintering. Instead, CO2 molecules unable to rotate identified by FTIR spectroscopy after milling, probably trapped by mechanical dissolution into the glass bulk. Such a mechanism or microencapsulation in cracks and particle aggregates can explain the contribution of Ar to foaming after intense milling in Ar atmosphere. The amount of CO2 molecules and Ar, however, cannot fully explain the extent of foaming. Carbonates mechanically dissolved beneath the surface or encapsulated in cracks and micropores of particle aggregates are therefore probably the major foaming source. KW - Milling KW - Foaming KW - Glass powder KW - Sintering PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531227 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100445 SN - 1438-1656 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 2100445-1 EP - 2100445-13 AN - OPUS4-53122 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Yannic A1 - El Abbassi, Abdelouahad A1 - Mayer, Bernhard A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Müller, Thomas J. J. T1 - Ester‐Aroyl‐S,N‐Ketene Acetals with Solid‐State Luminescence: AIEgens from Sequential Three‐Component Desymmetrization N2 - AbstractDi(hetero)aroyl dichlorides are desymmetrized upon sequential reaction with alcohols and 2‐methyl N‐benzyl thiazolium salts within the course of a one‐pot three‐component reaction yielding ester‐substituted aroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals under mild conditions in good yields. A prerequisite for the concise one‐pot process is the different nucleophilicity of the alcohols and in situ generated S,N‐ketene acetals. The resulting compounds are merocyanines with dominant charge‐transfer absorption bands which are fluorescent in the solid state, but not in solution. In water/ethanol solvent mixtures of increasing water content, the water‐insoluble dyes display typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The water fraction inducing AIE as well as the emission color, and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) of the aggregated dyes can be controlled by the alcohol part of the ester moiety. Encapsulation into polystyrene nanoparticles can lead to a considerable increase of the fluorescence quantum yield Φf to 30% as shown for a representatively chosen dye revealing the highest Φf of 11% within the dye series in the water/ethanol mixtures and enabling the usage of these dyes as fluorescent reporters in aqueous environments. KW - Dye KW - Fluorescence KW - Aggregation KW - Mechanism KW - Signal enhancement KW - Nano KW - Particle KW - Characterization KW - Quantum yield KW - Photophysics KW - Probe KW - Sensor KW - Lifetime KW - Polarity PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642400 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502071 SN - 0947-6539 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-64240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -