TY - JOUR
A1 - Safarov, J.
A1 - Tuma, Dirk
A1 - Müller, K.
T1 - Thermophysical properties of the paramagnetic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate over an extended range of temperature and pressure
N2 - The paramagnetic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate [BMIM][FeCl4] was subject to multiple high-precision thermophysical property measurements under both ambient and high pressure. Density rho(p0,T) / kg m-3 and speed of sound u(p0,T) / m s-1 data at ambient pressure were recorded at temperatures T = (278.15 to 343.16) K using a DSA 5000 M combined vibrating tube densimeter and speed of sound analyser with a standard uncertainty of delta rho(p0,T) = ±0.001 kg m-3 and delta u(p0,T) = ±0.1 m s-1, respectively. High-pressure volumetric (p,rho,T) data were measured on an Anton Paar DMA HPM vibrating tube densimeter at T = (273.16 to 413.15) K and at pressures up to p = 140 MPa with an estimated experimental relative combined average percentage deviation (APD) of delta rho(p,T) / rho(p,T) = ±(0.01 to 0.08) %.
The specific isobaric heat capacity cp(p0,T) / J kg-1 K-1, a caloric property, was determined at T = (273.15 to 413.15) K with an uncertainty delta cp / cp = ±0.5 % using a Perkin Elmer Pyris 1 DSC differential scanning calorimeter. To gain knowledge of transport properties, the dynamic viscosity eta(p0,T) / mPa s at ambient pressure was recorded at T = (275.03 to 413.18) K by an Anton Paar SVM 3000 Stabinger viscometer and additionally an Anton Paar rheometer MCR 302 device with uncertainties of delta eta / eta = ±0.35 % and delta eta / eta = ±1 %, respectively.
The obtained data were first correlated by empirical polynomial equations of state and further processed by the application of classic thermodynamic potentials to determine isothermal compressibility kappa T(p,T) / MPa-1, isobaric thermal expansivity alpha p(p,T) / K-1, thermal pressure coefficient gamma(p,T) / MPa K-1, internal pressure pint(p,T) / MPa, specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp(p,T) / J kg-1 K-1 and at constant volume cv(p,T) / J kg-1 K-1, the difference of isobaric and isochoric heat capacity (cp–cv)(p,T) / J kg-1 K-1, speed of sound u(p,T) / m s-1 and ultimately isentropic exponent kappa s(p,T).
This work extends knowledge about the thermophysical properties of [BMIM][FeCl4] particularly to high temperatures and pressures.
KW - Ionic liquid
KW - Volumetric properties
KW - Transport properties
KW - Caloric properties
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117939
SN - 0167-7322
VL - 346
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-54228
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Emissions- und Geruchsuntersuchungen an Bauprodukten - Ergebnisse eines UFO-Planprojektes
T2 - 8th Workshop "Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials"
CY - Kassel, Germany
DA - 2006-03-27
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - RAL UZ
PY - 2006
SP - 13-1- 13-7
CY - Kassel
AN - OPUS4-12259
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Sensory evaluation of building products - Results of a German round robin test
T2 - VDI-Tagung
CY - Bad Kissingen, Deutschland
DA - 2007-11-13
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - AbBB-Schema
KW - Kammermessungen
KW - Blauer Engel
PY - 2007
SN - 978-3-18-091995-9
SN - 0083-5560
IS - 1995
SP - 193
EP - 202
PB - VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-16322
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Däumling, C.
A1 - Kalus, Sabine
A1 - Brödner, Doris
T1 - Emission and odour measurement of construction products evaluated using a german construction product evaluation scheme
T2 - Indoor Air 2005
CY - Beijing, PR China
DA - 2005-09-04
KW - AgBB-Scheme
KW - Construction product
KW - VOC emission
KW - Odour
KW - Chamber test
PY - 2005
SN - 7-89494-830-6
IS - 2
SP - 2129
EP - 2133
PB - Tsinghua University Press
CY - Beijing
AN - OPUS4-10913
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dal Molin, E. S.
A1 - Henning, L. M.
A1 - Müller, J. T.
A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Bekheet, M. F.
A1 - Gurlo, A.
A1 - Simon, U.
T1 - Robocasting of ordered mesoporous silica‐based monoliths: Rheological, textural, and mechanical characterization
N2 - Hierarchically porous, high‐surface‐area silica materials are excellent candidates for multiple applications like catalysis and environmental remediation. Shaping these materials with additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, like robocasting, could enable their use with the benefit of on‐demand, customized shaping and maximizing performance. Herein, ordered mesoporous silica COK‐12 slurries were robocasted into monoliths, containing different ratios of uncalcined COK‐12 and sodium bentonite (0–25 wt.%). The rheology of the mixed slurries is characterized by lower flow indexes (0.69 vs. 0.32) and higher yield stresses (96 vs. 259 Pa) compared to pure COK‐12 ones. Monoliths were printed in woodpile structures and calcined at 600°C. Micro‐CT measurements showed a linear shrinkage of 25% after calcination. Mechanical characterization showed increased uniaxial strength (0.20 ± 0.07 to 1.0 ± 0.3 MPa) with increasing binder/solids ratio from 13 to 25%. The amorphous, mesoporous structure of COK‐12 was retained. The structures exhibited open porosities of 52 ± 4% and showed higher specific mesopore volumes, and increased average mesopore size (6 vs. 8 nm) compared to COK‐12. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering analysis revealed an increased lattice parameter (10.3 vs. 11.0 nm) and reduced wall thickness (3.1 nm vs. 4.1 nm) of the COK‐12 in the monoliths. These properties indicate suitability for their application as porous supports and adsorbents.
KW - Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - OMS
KW - Porous materials
KW - Robocasting
KW - X-ray scattering
KW - MOUSE
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582503
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300109
VL - 4
IS - 11-12
SP - 615
EP - 631
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
AN - OPUS4-58250
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gogula, Shravya
A1 - Bornhöft, H.
A1 - Wondraczek, L.
A1 - Sierka, M.
A1 - Diegeler, A.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Optical Real-Time Castability Evaluation for High-Throughput Glass Melting
N2 - A novel optical real-time method for evaluating the castability of glass forming melts for laboratory furnaces is presented. The method is based on the analysis of top view images of the melt surface inside the crucible during melting after being subjected to a small mechanical impulse. In this way, the melt surface is excited to oscillate. The difference in contrast between two images taken in quick succession scales with the viscosity, with a larger difference occurring at lower viscosities. The method is designed as an instrument for the in-line evaluation of the castability for a high-throughput glass melting system as part of the joint project “GlasDigital” in the framework of the German Platform Material Digital initiative but is applicable to other laboratory furnaces as well.
KW - Optical Real-Time Castability Check
KW - Image Analysis
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618659
DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v2i.1359
VL - 2
SP - 83
EP - 93
AN - OPUS4-61865
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Rössler, C.
A1 - Bauer, Ute
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Behrens, H.
T1 - Water, the other network modifier in borate glasses
N2 - In the present study we have investigated whether the effect of water on properties of borate glasses resembles that of alkali oxide. Soda-lime-borate glasses with nominal compositions of x Na2O, 10 CaO, (90-x) B2O3 (x = 5, 15 and 25 mol%) were doped with up to 8 wt.% H2O by processing glass powder + distilled water in platinum capsules in an internally heated gas pressure vessel at 1523 K and 500 MPa. The water content of hydrous glasses was determined by Karl-Fischer titration and near-infrared spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature T-g. was derived from DTA and micropenetration experiments for which the effect of water loss at the surface of the hydrous glasses was studied. Heating glass samples at 10 K min(-1) in the DTA resulted in T-g values which are close to T-12 isokom temperatures confirming the equivalence of enthalpy relaxation and viscous relaxation for borate glasses. For all three glass series it is shown that T-g strongly decreases whereas the liquid fragility strongly increases upon the addition of water. These findings reveal that H2O primarily causes breaking of B-O-B bonds rather than supporting 4-fold coordinated boron as it is well-known for alkali oxides in this concentration range. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW - Wasserhaltige Gläser
KW - Viskosität
KW - Boratgläser
KW - Thermische Analyse
KW - Viscosity
KW - Borate glasses
KW - Thermal analysis
KW - Water-bearing glasses
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.10.010
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 432
SP - 208
EP - 217
PB - Elsevier B.V.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-35123
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Impact of structure and relaxation on fatigue and micro-mechanical properties of oxide glasses: the role of volatiles and bonding state
T2 - Kolloquium des DFG SPP1594 Ultrastrong Glasses
CY - Jena, Germany
DA - 2015-09-17
PY - 2015
AN - OPUS4-35203
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Internal friction and energy dissipation during fracture in silicate glasses
N2 - To obtain a deeper insight into the nature of energy dissipation during fracture, the internal friction of 13 borosilicate, aluminosilicate, soda-lime, and lead-containing glasses, for which inert crack growth data are known, was measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. For asymmetrically bent glass beams, the loss tangent, tan δ, was determined between 0.2 and 50 Hz at temperatures between 273 K and the glass transition temperature, Tg. It was found that the area under the tan δ vs T·Tg−1 curve correlates with the crack growth exponent, n, in the empirical v = v0·KIn relation between crack growth velocity, v, and stress intensity, KI, which indicates that n correlates with the degree of energy dissipation of sub-Tg relaxation phenomena.
KW - Glass
KW - Internal friction
KW - Crack growth
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-631582
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255432
SN - 0021-9606
VL - 162
IS - 19
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-63158
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pan, Z.
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Duval, A.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Krishnan, N. M. A.
A1 - Wondraczek, K.
A1 - Wondraczek, L.
T1 - Precise Real‐Time Measurement of Liquid Viscosity Using Digital Video Data
N2 - Quantitative knowledge of liquid viscosity is of fundamental importance in many areas of materials synthesis and processing. However, the determination of viscosity often relies on specialized experimental equipment, offline experimentation, or invasive procedures, in particular when required in extreme conditions such as at high temperature, high pressure, and in confined or corrosive environments. Here, this study proposes and validates a fast and simple method that mimics the intuitive perception of liquid flow within a quantitative framework. For this, this study employs digital video observation to derive quantitative values of the shear viscosity of liquids, with high precision and rapid acquisition rates. The technique involves capturing liquid dynamics after minor mechanical stimulation. Processed imaging data are indexed by similarity and referenced to a digital database generated with a finite element model, from which values of viscosity are obtained in line. The approach is tested on water at room temperature and on a high‐temperature glass melt. Covering a viscosity range of four orders of magnitude, both yield convincing agreement with tabulated reference data at low computational cost.
KW - Image analyses
KW - Liquids
KW - Materials discovery
KW - Similarity analyses
KW - Viscosities
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634606
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500297
SN - 2640-4567
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-63460
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Kiefer, P.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Balzer, R.
A1 - Behrens, H.
T1 - Crack Growth in Hydrous Soda-Lime Silicate Glass
N2 - Stable crack growth was measured for nominal dry and water-bearing (6 wt%) soda-lime silicate glasses in double cantilever beam geometry and combined with DMA studies on the effects of dissolved water on internal friction and glass transition, respectively. In vacuum, a decreased slope of logarithmic crack growth velocity versus stress intensity factor is evident for the hydrous glass in line with an increase of b-relaxation intensity indicating more energy Dissipation during fracture. Further, inert crack growth in hydrous glass is found to be divided into sections of different slope, which indicates different water related crack propagation mechanism. In ambient air, a largely extended region II is observed for the hydrous glass, which indicates that crack growth is more sensitive to ambient water.
KW - Internal friction
KW - Soda-lime silicate glass
KW - Water content
KW - Stable crack growth
KW - DCB geometry
KW - Stress intensity factor
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506829
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00066
VL - 7
SP - Articel 66
AN - OPUS4-50682
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kiefer, P.
A1 - Maiwald, M.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Balzer, R.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Automated Analysis of Slow Crack Growth in Hydrous Soda-Lime Silicate Glasses
N2 - To explore the impact of ambient and structural water on static fatigue, the initiation and growth of 3279 Vickers induced median radial cracks were automatically recorded and analyzed. We find that humidity is more efficient in initiating cracks and promoting their growth than water, which is dissolved in the glass structure. In particular for slow crack growth (< 3x10-6 m s-1), tests in dry nitrogen showed a considerable decrease in the crack growth exponent with increasing water content of the glasses. On the other hand, if tests were performed in humid air, the crack growth exponent was independent of the water content of the hydrous glasses, while stress intensity decreased slightly. These observations indicate that water promotes the processes at the crack-tip regardless of its origin. However, ambient water is more efficient.
KW - Indentation fracture toughness
KW - Slow crack growth
KW - Automated analysis
KW - Hydrous glass
KW - Vickers indentation
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513085
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00268
VL - 7
SP - 268
AN - OPUS4-51308
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Welter, T.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
T1 - Hydrogen Permeation Through Glass
N2 - Physical storage of gaseous hydrogen under high-pressure in glassy micro-containers such as spheres and capillaries is a promising concept for enhancing safety and the volumetric capacity of mobile hydrogen storage systems. As very low permeation through the container wall is required for storage of compressed hydrogen, development of glasses of minimal hydrogen permeability is needed. For this purpose, one has to understand better the dependence of hydrogen permeability on glass structure. The paper points out that minimizing the accessible free volume is as one strategy to minimize hydrogen permeability. Based on previously measured and comprehensive literature data, it is shown that permeation is independently controlled by ionic porosity and network modifier content. Thus, ionic porosity in modified and fully polymerized networks can be decreased equally to the lowest hydrogen permeability among the glasses under study. Applying this concept, a drop of up to 30,000 with respect to the permeation of hydrogen molecules through silica glass is attainable.
KW - Ionic porosity
KW - hydrogen storage
KW - Glass
KW - Permeability
KW - Solubility
KW - Diffusivity
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513927
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00342
VL - 6
SP - Article 342
AN - OPUS4-51392
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - An overview on the effect of dissolved water on the viscosity of soda lime silicate melts
N2 - In this review article, the impact of dissolved water on the viscous properties of soda lime silicate melts is addressed against the background of the upcoming switch from natural gas to hydrogen combustion. This change will lead to an increase in the total water content of the glasses by up to 0.4 mol%. In order to better define possible influences of water speciation, water-rich glasses were synthesised under increasing pressure up to the kbar range. It is shown that a distinction must be made between the influence of dissolved OH-groups and H2Omolecules in order to accurately reflect the dependence of isokom temperatures on water content. In addition, an increase of one order of magnitude in the tolerance to higher deformation rates was observed for the range of expected increased water contents during isothermal deformation processes, which is based on the timetemperature superposition principle, i.e. congruent flow curves were determined under isokomal conditions.
KW - Water in glass
KW - Viscosity
KW - Soda lime silicate glass
KW - Shear thinning
KW - Nydrogen melting
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587276
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nocx.2023.100195
VL - 19
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58727
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Welter, T.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Hydrogen Permeability of Tectosilicate Glasses for Tank Barrier Liners
N2 - The permeation of hydrogen gas was studied in meta-aluminous (tectosilicate) glass powders of Li2O×Al2O3×SiO2 (LAS), Na2O×Al2O3×SiO2 (NAS) and MgO×Al2O3×SiO2 (MAS) systems by pressure loading and vacuum extraction in the temperatures range 210–310 °C. With this method, both the solubility S and the diffusivity D were determined, while the permeability was given by the product SD. For all glasses, S was found to decrease with temperature, while D increased. Since the activation energy of diffusion of H2 molecules exceeded that of dissolution, permeation increased slightly with temperature. When extrapolated to standard conditions (25 °C), the permeability of tectosilicate glasses was found to be only 10-22–10-24 mol H2 (m s Pa)-1, which is 8–10 magnitudes lower than most polymers. Thin glass liners of these compositions are expected to be the most effective barrier for tanks of pressurised hydrogen.
KW - Hydrogen permeation
KW - Aluminosilicate glasses
KW - Hydrogen storage tank
KW - Glass liner
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587284
DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v1i.425
VL - 1
SP - 1
EP - 11
AN - OPUS4-58728
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heuser, Lina
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Silver dissolution and precipitation in an Na2O–ZnO–B2O3 metallization paste glass
N2 - Thermally stimulated interactions between silver and glass, that is, silver dissolution as Ag+ and precipitation as Ag0 were studied in two glass series of molar target composition xAg2O–(19 − x)Na2O–28ZnO–53B2O3 with x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 5 and (19Na2O–28ZnO–53B2O3)+yAg2O with y = 0.01, 0.05. These act as model for low-melting borate glasses being part of metallization pastes. The occurrence of metallic silver precipitates in melt-quenched glass ingots demonstrated that silver dissolved only in traces (< 0.01 mol%) in the glasses. The dissolved silver was detected by means of Raman spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Increasing x in the batch could not lead to a significant increase of the silver ion fraction in the glass as possible in binary silver borate glasses. In situ observation of heated AgNO3 mixed with the base glass frit in a hot stage microscope showed that Ag0 precipitation occurs already at the solid state. At higher temperatures, small droplets of liquid silver were found to move freely within the melt, whereas coalescence caused a stepwise increase of their size.
These results contribute to the understanding of formation of silver precipitates in metallization pastes described in the literature.
KW - Silver metallization paste
KW - Batch reactions
KW - Borate
KW - Glass forming melts
KW - Glass manufacturing
KW - Raman spectroscopy
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559433
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.16613
SN - 2041-1286
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Wiley Online Library
AN - OPUS4-55943
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chladek, J.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Weh, Lothar
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
T1 - Viscous flow and surface crystallization caused by Vickers indentation
PY - 2004
SN - 0927-4472
VL - 77
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-6235
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Thiel, A.
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
T1 - Lösungs- und Kristallisationsvorgänge beim Sintern von Glasmatrix-Kompositen
T2 - 79. Glastechnische Tagung
CY - Würzburg, Deutschland
DA - 2005-05-23
KW - Glaspulver
KW - Glasmatrix-Komposit
KW - Sintern
KW - Kristallisation
PY - 2005
SN - 3-921089-43-3
SP - 7 Seiten
PB - Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft
CY - Offenbach
AN - OPUS4-10377
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Thiel, A.
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
T1 - Sinterkinetik von Glasmatrix-Kompositen mit reaktiver Dispersphase
T2 - 80. Glastechnische Tagung
CY - Dresden, Deutschland
DA - 2006-06-12
PY - 2006
SN - 3-921089-46-8
SP - 4 Seiten
PB - Verl. d. Dt. Glastechn. Ges.
CY - Offenbach
AN - OPUS4-14046
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Meng, S.
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Thiel, A.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Partial Solution of Dispersed alpha-Al2O3-Particles in Alumoborosilicate Glass
T2 - 81. Glastechnische Tagung
CY - Aachen, Deutschland
DA - 2007-06-04
KW - Glasmatrixkomposite
KW - Lösung
KW - Sintern
PY - 2007
SN - 978-3-921089-52-1
IS - CD-ROM
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft
CY - Offenbach
AN - OPUS4-16108
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Thiel, A.
T1 - Effect of rigid inclusions on sintering of low temperature co-fired ceramics
KW - Sintering
KW - Glass Matrix Composites
KW - Rigid Inclusion
KW - Effective Viscosity
KW - Kinetic Modelling
KW - LTCC
PY - 2007
SN - 1753-3562
SN - 0017-1050
SN - 0031-9090
SN - 1750-6697
VL - 48
IS - 4
SP - 259
EP - 266
PB - Society of Glass Technology
CY - Sheffield
AN - OPUS4-16211
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hsuan, Y.G.
A1 - Schröder, Hartmut
A1 - Rowe, K.
A1 - Müller, Werner
A1 - Greenwood, J.
A1 - Cazzuffi, D.
A1 - Koerner, R.M.
ED - Neil Dixon,
T1 - Long-term performance and lifetime prediction of geosynthetics
N2 - To properly understand and assess the long-term behaviour of geosynthetic materials it is necessary to investigate the various types of possible degradation mechanims. This includes both chemical and mechanical behaviour, and sometimes even their interactions with one another. Clearly, chemical degradation of geosynthetics depends on the polymer type. For example, polyolefins are vulnerable to oxidation; polyesters are susceptible to hydrolysis; and plasticizers can leach from polyvinyl chloride. This paper describes the concept of these three types of degradation, but focuses on the oxidation of polyolefins since the majority of the geosynthetics is made from this type of polymer. The methods used to predict the lifetime of antioxidants and service life of the geosynthetic material will be illustrated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, pressure, and ultraviolet light on the service life are also demonstrated. Finally, the current specifications targeting the longevity of different geosynthetics are presented.
Regarding mechanical degradation, the paper mainly focuses upon the creep deformation of geogrids and stress crack resistance (SCR) of polyethylene geomembranes and geopipe. The method to assess stress crack resistance is described, and the microscopic mechanisms that lead to such failure are explained. For creep evaluation, different acceleration tests are presented and their applicability with respect to the different types of polymers is illustrated. In addition, the long-term shear behaviour of geocomposites and geosynthetic clay liners is presented.
T2 - 4th European Geosynthetics Conference - EuroGeo4
CY - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
DA - 2008-09-07
KW - Geosynthetic
KW - Durability
KW - Degradation
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Weathering
PY - 2008
SP - 1
EP - 41
AN - OPUS4-17975
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Apel, E.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Bernard, A.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Kappert, H.
A1 - Rheinberger, V.
A1 - Höland, W.
T1 - Phenomena and mechanisms of crack propagation in glass-ceramics
N2 - Lithium disilicate, leucite and apatite glass-ceramics have become state-of-the-art framework materials in the fabrication of all-ceramic dental restorative materials. The goal of this study was to examine the crack propagation behaviour of these three known glass-ceramic materials after they have been subjected to Vickers indentation and to characterize their crack opening profiles (δmeas vs. (a-r)). For this purpose, various methods of optical examination were employed. Optical microscopy investigations were performed to examine the crack phenomena at a macroscopic level, while high-resolution techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were employed to investigate the crack phenomena at a microscopic level. The crack patterns of the three glass-ceramics vary from fairly straightforward to more complex, depending on the amount of residual glass matrix present in the material. The high-strength lithium disilicate crystals feature a high degree of crosslinking, thereby preventing crack propagation. In this material, the crack propagates only through the residual glass phase, which constitutes 30%40% by volume. Having a high glass content of more than 65% by volume, the leucite and apatite glass-ceramics show far more complex crack patterns. Cracks in the leucite glass-ceramic propagate through both the glass and crystal phase. The apatite glass-ceramic shows a similar crack behaviour as an inorganicorganic composite material containing nanoscale fillers, which are pulled out in the surroundings of the crack tip. The observed crack behaviour and the calculated View the MathML source values of the three types of glass-ceramics were compared to the Kkic values determined according to the SEVNB method.
KW - Glass
KW - Viscosity
KW - Water content
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2007.11.005
SN - 1751-6161
VL - 1
IS - 4
SP - 313
EP - 325
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-18308
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Zietka, S.
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
T1 - Kinetic fragility of hydrous soda-lime-silica glasses
N2 - The effect of hydration on the kinetic fragility of soda-lime-silica glasses was investigated by viscometry in the glass transition range. Water-bearing glasses were prepared from industrial float glass (FG) and a ternary model glass (NCS = 16Na2O 10CaO 74SiO2 in mol%) by bubbling steam through the melt at 1480 °C and up to 7 bar. Additionally, a sodium borosilicate glass (NBS = 16Na2O 10B2O3 74SiO2 in mol%) was hydrated under equal conditions. As detected by infrared spectroscopy water dissolves in the glasses exclusively as OH-groups. The hydration resulted in a total water content CW up to ~ 0.2 wt% for FG, NCS and NBS glasses. Kinetic fragility, expressed by the steepness index m, was determined from the temperature dependence of η at the glass transition. Viscosity data from previous studies on hydrous float glasses (CW > 1 wt%) were surveyed together with literature data on the (H2O)Na2OCaOSiO2, (H2O)Na2OSiO2 and (H2O)SiO2 systems to expand the range of water concentration and bulk composition. We could demonstrate that m decreases for all glasses although water is dissolved as OH and should depolymerize the network. An empirical equation of the general type m = a - b logCW where a, b are fitting parameters, enables m to be predicted, for each glass series as function of the water content CW. The enlarged data base shows that the parameter B of the Arrhenius viscosity-temperature relation decreases much stronger than the isokom temperature at the glass transition.
KW - Soda-lime-silica
KW - Fragility
KW - Viscosity
KW - Water in glass
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.04.021
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 354
IS - 42-44
SP - 4713
EP - 4718
PB - North-Holland Publ. Co.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-18187
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Thiel, A.
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
T1 - Effects of dispersed Al2O3 particles on sintering of LTCC
N2 - The sintering of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics prepared from alumoborosilicate
glass- and Al2O3 powders of similar small particle size was studied by dilatometry, heating microscopy,
microstructure analysis, glass- and effective viscosity measurements. The steric effect of
Al3O3 inclusions was studied using a gnon-reactiveh model composite. With increasing Al3O3 volume
fraction (Φ ≤ 0.45), sintering decelerates and its final stage shifts to higher temperature. The
attainable shrinkage is reduced as Al2O3 particle clusters bearing residual pores become more frequent.
The kinetics of sintering could be described formally superposing the weighed contributions
of differentially sized and randomly composed glass-crystal particle clusters and assuming a sintering
rate controlled by the effective matrix viscosity, which increases with Φ and with progressive
wetting of Al2O3 particles during densification. The "reactive" model composite shows significant
dissolution of Al2O3 into the glass, which has two opposed effects on sintering: reducing Φ and increasing
glass viscosity. For the present case (Φ = 0.25), the latter effect dominates and sintering is
retarded by Al2O3 dissolution. Crystallization of wollastonite starts after full densification. Dissolution
of Al2O3 was found to promote the subsequent growth of anorthite.
KW - LTCC
KW - Glass matrix composites
KW - Al2O3-inclusions
KW - Sintering kinetics
PY - 2005
SN - 1022-6680
SN - 1662-8985
VL - 39-40
SP - 375
EP - 380
PB - Trans Tech Publ.
CY - Zurich
AN - OPUS4-18441
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zietka, S.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Glass transition and viscosity of hydrated silica glasses
N2 - The viscosity of silica glasses with different water contents was measured by penetration of sapphire microspheres in the range from 1012-1014·7 Pas at ambient pressure. Commercial silica glasses were used together with hydrous silica glasses, which were prepared by melting glass powder plus water in an internally heated pressure vessel at 2-3 kbar and 1350-1450°C. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of silica glasses with total water contents Cw of 5·4×10-4, 7·0×10-4, 1·00×10-2, and 1·55×10-2(Cw in mass fractions) can be described by Arrhenius equations. From the results, the linear dependence of the T12 isokom (K) with the logarithm of the water content was determined as T12=192-409 logCw. The analysis of the compositional dependence of the T12 isokom in the H2O-Na2O-SiO2 system reveals a temperature depression of up to 200 K for mixed water- and sodium-bearing glasses compared to H2O-SiO2 and Na2O-SiO2 glasses with same molar silica content. From these findings we conclude that protons may contribute significantly to the mixed alkali effect in glasses.
KW - Wassergehalt
KW - Silicatgläser
KW - Viskosität
PY - 2007
SN - 1753-3562
SN - 0017-1050
SN - 0031-9090
SN - 1750-6697
VL - 48
IS - 6
SP - 380
EP - 387
PB - Society of Glass Technology
CY - Sheffield
AN - OPUS4-18396
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
T1 - Sintering of glass matrix composites with small rigid inclusions
KW - Glass ceramics
KW - Inclusions
KW - Sintering
KW - Mixing
KW - Powders
KW - Solid-state reaction
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.02.007
SN - 0955-2219
SN - 1873-619X
VL - 29
IS - 12
SP - 2469
EP - 2479
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-19570
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Meszaros, Robert
A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Dissolution of alumina, sintering, and crystallization in glass ceramic composites for LTCC
KW - LTCC
KW - Sintering
KW - Crystallization
KW - Alumina dissolution
KW - Rietveld analysis
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03089.x
SN - 0002-7820
SN - 1551-2916
VL - 92
IS - 8
SP - 1703
EP - 1708
PB - Blackwell Publishing
CY - Malden
AN - OPUS4-20676
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Schadrack, Reinhard
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Bestimmung der Glastransformationstemperatur wasserhaltiger Gläser
T2 - 80. Glastechnische Tagung
CY - Dresden, Deutschland
DA - 2006-06-12
PY - 2006
SN - 3-921089-46-8
SP - 1(?)
EP - 5(?)
PB - Verl. d. Dt. Glastechn. Ges.
CY - Offenbach
AN - OPUS4-12552
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Rabe, Torsten
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
A1 - Thiel, A.
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Kinetic Modeling of LTCC-Shrinkage
T2 - 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Ceramic Microsystems Technologies (CICMT 2007)
CY - Denver, CO, USA
DA - 2007-04-23
KW - LTCC
KW - Glass matrix composites
KW - Inclusions
KW - Sintering kinetics
KW - Modeling
PY - 2007
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - American Ceramic Soc.
CY - Denver
AN - OPUS4-14948
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Rabe, Torsten
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
A1 - Thiel, A.
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Kinetic Modeling of LTCC Shrinkage: Effect of Alumina Content
N2 - We studied sintering of LTCC-type glass matrix composites (GMCs) consisting of small glass and alumina particles of equal size. Primarily, crystals act as rigid inclusions, decelerating the densification rate. In later stages, they also dissolve, partially increasing the viscosity. Release of alumina finally induces crystallization of alumosilicates, which enables post-firing stability. To study both effects, two model GMCs were prepared: an α-Al2O3 + barium alumoborosilicate glass (BABS)GMC, which shows neither significant dissolution nor crystallization, and an α-Al2O3 + calcium alumoborosilicate glass (CABS)GMC, which dissolves readily and promotes crystallization. The kinetics of shrinkage for both GMC were modeled by utilizing Frenkel theory for the early stage and MackenzieShuttleworth theory for the late stage, assuming that sintering is superimposed by the weighted contributions of triparticle glasscrystal clusters, their random occurrence (ideal mixing), and a shrinkage rate controlled by the GMC effective viscosity. In agreement with modeling, the experimental results showed that the shrinkage rate of BABSGMC decreases progressively for crystal volume fractions Φ > 0.15. The attainable shrinkage is reduced by up to 8% for Φ = 0.45. For the CABSGMC with Φ = 0.25, a reduction of Φ to 0.20 was evident due to partial α-Al2O3 dissolution. This effect was found able to increase the sintering temperature by ~5060 K.
KW - LTCC
KW - Glas Matrix Composites
KW - Inclusions
KW - Sintering Kinetics
KW - Modeling
PY - 2007
SN - 1551-4897
VL - 4
IS - 4
SP - 173
EP - 180
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-16506
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Eberstein, Markus
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Thiel, A.
A1 - Schiller, Wolfgang Arno
ED - J.G. Heinrich,
ED - C.G. Aneziris,
T1 - Effect of dispersed Al2O3 particles on sintering of glass matrix composites
T2 - 10th International Conference of the European Ceramic Society
CY - Berlin
DA - 2007-06-17
KW - LTCC
KW - Glass matrix composites
KW - Inclusions
KW - Sintering kinetics
KW - Modelling
PY - 2007
SN - 3-87264-022-4
SP - 290
EP - 295
PB - Göller
CY - Baden-Baden
AN - OPUS4-17445
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Saathoff, F.
A1 - Müller, Werner
A1 - Witt, K. J.
T1 - Neue Regelungen im Deponiebau
N2 - Die neue Deponieverordnung fordert Zulassungen für Geokunststoffe, die in Deponiedichtungssystemen eingesetzt werden. Diese gesetzliche Vorgabe führt dazu, dass in nationalen Regelwerken und Empfehlungen neue Vorgehensweisen verankert werden müssen. Zulassungsstelle ist die BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung. Zuständig für die entsprechenden GDA Empfehlungen ist die UAG-Ak 5.1-6.1. Der Beitrag zeigt die Neuerungen, aber auch die Ausnahmeregelungen. Auf der Grundlage der Deponieverordnung hat die BAM einen Fachbeirat zusammengerufen, der verschiedene Arbeitsgruppen eingerichtet hat, um Zulassungsrichtlinie für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, Schutzschichten, Geotextilien zum Filtern und Trennen sowie Bewehrungsgitter aus Kunststoff zu erarbeiten oder zu aktualisieren. Die Zulassungsanforderungen lehnen sich wiederum eng an GDA- und EAG-Empfehlungen an. In dem Beitrag wird der Stand der Fachdiskussion in den Arbeitsgruppen erläutert.
KW - Deponieverordnung
KW - Geokunststoffe
KW - GDA-Empfehlung
KW - EDA-Empfehlung
KW - BAM-Zulassung
PY - 2011
SN - 0172-6145
SN - 1865-7362
SN - 2190-6653
IS - Sonderheft 2011
SP - 53
EP - 57
PB - VGE Verl. GmbH
CY - Essen
AN - OPUS4-24273
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Behrens, H.
T1 - Internal friction of hydrated soda-lime-silicate glasses
N2 - The internal friction of hydrated soda-lime-silica glasses with total water content (CW ) up to 1.9 wt. % was studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using temperature-frequency sweeps from 723 K to 273 K and from 1 s-1 to 50 s-1. Total water content and concentrations of H2O molecules (CH2O ) and OH groups (COH) in the DMA specimens were determined by infrared spectroscopy. For low water contents (CW ≈ COH < 0.25 wt. %) two discrete internal friction peaks below the glass transition (α relaxation) were assigned to the low-temperature motion of alkali ions (γ relaxation) and cooperative movements of dissimilar mobile species under participation of OH at higher temperature (βOH relaxation). For large water contents (CW > 1 wt. %), where significant amounts of molecular water are evident (CH2O > 0.15 wt. %), however, internal friction spectra change unexpectedly: the βOH peak heights saturate and a low temperature shoulder appears on the β-relaxation peak. This emerging relaxation mode (βH2O relaxation) was assigned to the motions of H2O molecules. βH2O relaxation was found to be faster than βOH but slower than γ relaxation. Activation energy of the different relaxation modes increased in the order γ < βH2O < βOH < α.
KW - Internal friction
KW - Glass
KW - Water content
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4828740
SN - 0021-9606
SN - 1089-7690
VL - 139
SP - 174506-1
EP - 174506-6
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - Melville, NY
AN - OPUS4-29698
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ried, Peter
A1 - Gaber, Martin
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Deubener, J.
T1 - Hydrogen permeability of a barium-aluminoborosilicate glass - A methodical approach
N2 - The H2 effusion from H2 saturated glass powders, H2 permeation through the wall of blown glass bulbs, and H2 permeation through the wall of glass capillaries were applied to evaluate the permeability of hydrogen gas in a barium-aluminoborosilicate (BABS) glass. To validate these methods, two commercial glasses (vitreous silica and borosilicate) were used as a reference. Permeation values obtained from the different experiments agreed within a factor of 3 or less. The H2 permeability of BABS glass at temperatures close to ambient was found to be at least 3 orders of magnitude below that of borosilicate and silica glasses. The powder method, which requires minimal sample preparation efforts, turned out to provide easy access to the measurement of H2 permeability of glasses down to P = 3.9 × 10- 21 mol s- 1 Pa- 1 m- 1.
KW - Hydrogen gas
KW - Permeability
KW - Solubility
KW - Diffusivity
KW - Aluminoborosilicate glass
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.04.006
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 394-395
SP - 43
EP - 49
PB - North-Holland Publ. Co.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-30720
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Balzer, R.
A1 - Behrens, H.
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Kiefer, P.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Fechtelkord, M.
T1 - Water in Alkali Aluminosilicate Glasses
N2 - To understand the influence of water and alkalis on aluminosilicate glasses, three polymerized glasses with varying ratios of Na/K were synthesized [(22. 5-x)Na2O-xK2O-22.5 Al2O3-55 SiO2 with x = 0, 7.5, and 11.25]. Subsequently, these glasses were hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O) in an internally heated gas pressure vessel. The density of hydrous glasses linearly decreased with water content above 1 wt%, consistent with the partial molar volume of H2O of 12 cm3/mol. Near-infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydroxyl groups are the dominant species at water content of <4 wt%, and molecular water becomes dominating at water content of >5 wt%. The fraction of OH is particularly high in the pure Na-bearing glass compared to the mixed alkali glasses. 27Al magic angle spinning-NMR spectroscopy shows that aluminum is exclusively fourfold coordinated with some variations in the local geometry. It appears that the local structure around Al becomes more ordered with increasing K/Na ratio. The incorporation of H2O reinforces this effect. The differential thermal analysis of hydrous glasses shows a significant mass loss in the range of glass transition already during the first upscan, implying the high mobility of water in the glasses. This observation can be explained by the open structure of the aluminosilicate network and by the low dissociation enthalpy of H2O in the glasses (≈ 8 kJ/mol). The effect of the dissolved H2O on the glass transition temperature is less pronounced than for other aluminosilicate glasses, probably because of the large fraction of Al in the glasses.
KW - NMR spectroscopy
KW - Alkali aluminosilicate glasses
KW - Water speciation
KW - Glass transition
KW - Infrared spectroscopy
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509497
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00085
VL - 7
SP - 85
AN - OPUS4-50949
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meyerhofer, F.
A1 - Dissinger, F.
A1 - Weigert, Florian
A1 - Jungclaus, J.
A1 - Müller-Caspary, K.
A1 - Waldvogel, S. R.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Voss, T.
T1 - Citric Acid Based Carbon Dots with Amine Type Stabilizers: pHSpecific
N2 - We report the synthesis and spectroscopic characteristics of two different sets of carbon dots (CDs) formed by hydrothermal reaction between citric acid and polyethylenimine (PEI) or 2,3-diaminopyridine (DAP). Although the formation of amide-based species and the presence of citrazinic acid type derivates assumed to be responsible for a blue emission is confirmed for both CDs by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, a higher abundance of sp2-hybridized nitrogen is observed for DAP-based CDs, which causes a red-shift of the n-π* absorption band relative to the one of PEI-based CDs. These CD Systems possess high photoluminescence quantum yields (QY) of ∼40% and ∼48% at neutral pH, demonstrating a possible tuning of the optical properties by the amine precursor. pH-Dependent spectroscopic studies revealed a drop in QY to < 9% (pH ∼ 1) and < 21% (pH ∼ 12) for both types of CDs under acidic and basic conditions. In contrast, significant differences in the pHdependency of the n-π* transitions are found for both CD types which are ascribed to different (de)protonation sequences of the CD-specific fluorophores and functional groups using Zeta potential analysis.
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Particle
KW - Nano
KW - Surface group analysis
KW - Carbon dot
KW - C-dot
KW - Fluorescent probe
KW - Quantum yield
KW - Synthesis
KW - IR
KW - MS
KW - Polymer
KW - Ligand
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11732
VL - 124
IS - 16
SP - 8894
EP - 8904
PB - American Chemical Society
AN - OPUS4-50813
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Rack, A.
A1 - Zabler, S.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Weidemann, Gerd
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Helfen, L.
A1 - Stiller, M.
A1 - Knabe, C.
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Banhart, J.
T1 - Nondestructive 3D insights into foamy metals and bioregenerative ceramics
KW - X-ray Computed Tomography
KW - Metal foams
KW - Bioregenerative ceramics
PY - 2008
UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/infos/bessy/highlights2007.pdf#page=34
SN - 1611-6127
SP - 34
EP - 35
PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-17538
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Rack, A.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Zabler, S.
A1 - Weitkamp, T.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Weidemann, Gerd
A1 - Modregger, P.
A1 - Banhart, J.
A1 - Helfen, L.
A1 - Danilewsky, A.N.
A1 - Gräber, H.G.
A1 - Heldele, R.
A1 - Mayzel, B.
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Baumbach, T.
ED - Stuart R. Stock,
T1 - The high-resolution synchrotron-based imaging stations at the BAMline (BESSY) and TopoTomo (ANKA)
N2 - The BAMline at the BESSY light source in Berlin and the TopoTomo beamline at the ANKA synchrotron facility in Karlsruhe (both Germany) operate in the hard X-ray regime (above 6 keV) with similiar photon flux density. For typical imaging applications, a double multilayer monochromator or a filtered white beam is used. In order to optimise the field of view and the resolution of the available indirect pixel detectors, different optical systems have been installed, adapted, respectively, to a large field of view (macroscope) and to high spatial resolution (microscope). They can be combined with different camera systems, ranging from 16-bit dynamic range slow-scan CCDs to fast CMOS cameras. The spatial resolution can be brought substantially beyond the micrometer limit by using a Bragg magnifier. The moderate flux of both beamlines compared to other 3rd generation light sources is compensated by a dedicated scintillator concept. For selected applications, X-ray beam collimation has proven to be a reliable approach to increase the available photon flux density. Absorption contrast, phase contrast, holotomography and refraction-enhanced imaging are used depending on the application. Additionally, at the TopoTomo beamline digital white beam synchrotron topography is performed, using the digital X-ray pixel detectors installed.
KW - Microtomography
KW - Non-destructive evaluation
KW - Coherent imaging
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - X-ray phase contrast
KW - Synchrotron-CT
KW - Synchrotron instrumentation
KW - Scintillator
KW - Bragg magnification
KW - Holotomography
KW - X-ray topography
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.793721
SN - 0277-786X
VL - 7078
SP - 70780X-1 - 70780X-9
AN - OPUS4-18296
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Marco
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
ED - Danny Van Hemelrijck,
ED - Igor Solodov,
ED - Anastasopoulos, Athanasios
ED - Gerhard Busse,
T1 - Synchrotron-Refraction-Computed-Tomography for NDT and characterisation of lightweight composite materials
T2 - 4th International Conference of Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing (ETNDT 4)
CY - Stuttgart, Germany
DA - 2007-04-02
KW - Refraction
KW - Computed Tomography
KW - NDE
KW - Ti-MMC
PY - 2008
SN - 978-0-415-46476-5
SP - 217
EP - 221
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London, UK
AN - OPUS4-18680
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - Micro Crack Characterization of Metal Matrix Composites by 3D-Refraction-Computed-Tomography
T2 - 16th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing
CY - Montreal, Canada
DA - 2004-08-30
KW - NDE
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Composites
KW - MMC
PY - 2004
SP - 9 pages
PB - International Committee for Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Montreal
AN - OPUS4-5486
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - X-Ray Refraction Topography and Computed Tomography for NDE of Lightweight Materials
T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 2006-09-25
KW - Synchrotron Refraction CT
KW - MMC
KW - Bragg-Magnification
PY - 2006
SN - 3-931381-86-2
SP - 1(?)
EP - 9(?)
PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-13703
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wipfler, B.
A1 - Bradler, S.
A1 - Büsse, S.
A1 - Hammel, J.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Pass, G.
T1 - Evolutionary morphology of the antennal heart in stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) and webspinners (Embioptera) (Insecta: Eukinolabia)
N2 - The morphology of the antennal hearts in the head of Phasmatodea and Embioptera was investigated with particular reference to phylogenetically relevant key taxa. The antennal circulatory organs of all examined species have the same basic construction: they consist of antennal vessels that are connected to ampullae located in the head near the antenna base. The ampullae are pulsatile due to associated muscles, but the points of attachment differ between the species studied. All examined Phasmatodea species have a Musculus (M.) interampullaris which extends between the two ampullae plus a M. ampulloaorticus that runs from the ampullae to the anterior end of the aorta; upon contraction, all these muscles dilate the lumina of both ampullae at the same time. In Embioptera, only the australembiid Metoligotoma has an M. interampullaris. All other studied webspinners instead have a M. ampullofrontalis which extends between the ampullae and the frontal region of the head capsule; these species do not have M. ampulloaorticus. Outgroup comparison indicates that an antennal heart with a M. interampullaris is the plesiomorphic character state among Embioptera and the likely ground pattern of the taxon Eukinolabia. Antennal hearts with a M. ampullofrontalis represent a derived condition that occurs among insects only in some embiopterans. These findings help to further clarify the controversially discussed internal phylogeny of webspinners by supporting the view that Australembiidae are the sister group of the remaining Embioptera.
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Polyneoptera
KW - Metoligotoma
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527795
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00526-4
SN - 1432-234X
VL - 140
IS - 3
SP - 331
EP - 340
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-52779
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - Refraction computed tomography - Application to metal matrix composites
N2 - Erstmals wurden MMCs mit Hilfe der Interface-Kontrast verstärkenden Röntgen-Refraktions-Technik in Kombination mit der 3D-CT-Technik untersucht. Die Methode der Röntgen-Refraktions-Topography sowie der Röntgen-Refraktions-Tomography wurden in den letzten Jahren speziell für die zerstörungsfreie Charakterisierung von Leichtbau-Hochleistungs-Werkstoffen wie Verbund-Werkstoffen und Keramiken entwickelt. Die Technik basiert auf der Refraktion von Röntgenlicht an Grenzflächen zwischen Bereichen unterschiedlicher Elektronendichte wie z.B. Faser- und Matrix-Werkstoff. Auf Grund der kurzen Röntgen-Wellenlänge hat der Brechungsindex einen Wert dicht bei eins, sodass der Streuwinkel nur wenige Bogenminuten beträgt. Der Vorteil der kurzen Wellenlänge besteht jedoch darin, dass Poren und Risse detektiert werden können, deren Größe im Nanometerbereich liegen. Damit kann die Refraktions-Technik zum besseren Verständnis von Mikro- und Submikro-Strukturen in der Materialwissenschaft eingesetzt werden. Mit der hier vorgestellten Refraktions-CT wurden Ermüdungsmechanismen an MMCs, bestehend aus SiC-Faser verstärktem Titan (Ti6242) untersucht. Die Messungen wurden am Röntgen-Messplatz der BAM (BAMline) am Synchrotron-Speicherring-BESSY in Berlin Adlershof durchgeführt.
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Computed tomography
PY - 2004
DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.100592
SN - 0025-5300
VL - 46
IS - 6
SP - 314
EP - 319
PB - Carl Hanser Verlag
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-5870
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - 3D Refraction Computed Tomography Applied to Metal Matrix Composites
N2 - For the first time Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) have been investigated by 3D Computed Tomography combined with enhanced interface contrast due to X-ray refraction. X-ray refraction is a relatively new approach for the characterization of advanced materials. The related techniques of Refraction Topography and Refraction Computed Tomography have been developed and applied at our laboratory during the last decade to meet the actual demand for improved nondestructive characterization of high performance composites, ceramics and other low density materials and components. X-ray refraction occurs, when X-rays crosses interfaces of spherical or cylindrical shape (e.g. pores or fibres) in the same way as visible light is refracted by lenses. These X-ray optical effects can be observed at small scattering angles of few minutes of arc as the refractive index n of X-rays is nearly unity (n = 1 10-6). Due to the short X-ray wavelength of about 0.1 nm the technique determines the amount of inner surfaces and interfaces of nanometer dimensions. The technique is expected to solve many problems in understanding the meaning of micro and sub micro structures in materials science. With the results of the CT investigation, some questions could be clarified for a better understanding of fatigue failure mechanisms under cyclic loading conditions. The specimens for the test programme have been provided by MTU Aero Engines. They consist of a titanium matrix (Ti6242) reinforced by SiC fibres (SCS6). The investigations have been performed at the materials research station of BAM (BAMline) at the Synchrotron Facility BESSY in Berlin, Germany.
T2 - 35th International SAMPE technical conference
CY - Dayton, OH, USA
DA - 2003-09-28
KW - Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI)
KW - Characterization
KW - Titanium Metal Matrix Composites (Ti-MMC)
KW - Ti6242
KW - SCS6
PY - 2003
SN - 0-938994-95-6
PB - SAMPE
CY - Covina, Calif.
AN - OPUS4-2780
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Röhrich, J.
A1 - Damerow, T.
A1 - Hahn, W.
A1 - Müller, U.
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Denker, A.
T1 - A tandetron as proton injector for the eye tumor therapy in Berlin
N2 - The therapy of eye tumors with fast protons is an excellent tool giving very high local control rates. At the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) almost 1800 patients were treated since 1998. A 2 MV Tandetron was installed as injector for the k = 132 HZB cyclotron. Using the standard 358 duoplasmatron ion source with direct extraction of negative hydrogen ions an extremely stable proton beam can be delivered, both on the short-term and the long-term scale. The hair-needle filaments made from thoriated tungsten wires have safe operation times of more than 1000 h.
KW - Biomedical equipment
KW - Duoplasmatrons
KW - Eye
KW - Particle beam extraction
KW - Radiation therapy
KW - Tumours
PY - 2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3662475
SN - 0034-6748
SN - 1089-7623
VL - 83
IS - 02B903
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - Melville, NY
AN - OPUS4-25721
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tielemann, Christopher
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Maaß, Robert
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Internal nucleation tendency and crystal surface energy obtained from bond energies and crystal lattice data
N2 - We present an easy-to-apply method to predict structural trends in the internal nucleation tendency of oxide glasses. The approach is based on calculated crystal fracture surface energies derived from easily accessible diatomic bond energy and crystal lattice data. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on literature nucleation data for isochemically crystallizing oxide glasses.
KW - Glass
KW - Nucleation tendency
KW - Fracture surface energy
KW - Crystal lattice
KW - Bond energy
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-548814
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nocx.2022.100093
SN - 2590-1591
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-54881
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Seifert, Lando
A1 - Philipp, M.
A1 - Ebell, Gino
A1 - Moersch, J.
A1 - Müller, Thoralf
T1 - Gemeinsamer Schlussbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben - Entwicklung eines neuen Prüfverfahrens zur Beurteilung der Spannungsrisskorrosionsempfindlichkeit von Spannstählen für den Spannbetonbau
N2 - Für die Sicherheit von Spannbetonbauwerken ist eine Empfindlichkeitsprüfung von Spannstahlprodukten gegenüber der wasserstoffinduzierten Spannungsrisskorrosion zwingend erforderlich. Die derzeitig normativ festgelegten Prüfmethoden nach DIN EN ISO 15630-3 zeigen nachweislich Schwächen hinsichtlich der Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse und erschweren damit die eindeutige Bewertung der Empfindlichkeit. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens der Förderinitiative WIPANO des BMWK war es, die Prüfmethode hinsichtlich der Reproduzierbarkeit und Aussagesicherheit zu verbessern. Im Projekt wurden durch materialseitige, elektrolytische und verfahrenstechnische Parameteränderungen konstante und reproduzierbare Prüfbedingungen geschaffen. Dies ermöglichte eine eindeutige Differenzierung zwischen Gut- und Schlechtprodukten. Innerhalb des Projekts wurde ein Ringversuch initiiert, welcher die Anwendbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der neuen Prüfmethode bestätigte. Das neue Prüfverfahren wurde hinsichtlich der Anwendbarkeit für das Spannstahlerzeugnis Draht evaluiert. Ein entsprechender Normentwurf mit einem Vorschlag für ein Konformitätskriterium dieser Erzeugnisse wurde dem zuständigen ISO-Gremium präsentiert und zur Abstimmung überlassen. Nach aktueller Rückmeldung seitens des Gremiums wird der Normentwurf den Eingang in den informativen Anhang der Prüfnorm finden, dies könnte den Weg für eine Spiegelung auf europäischer und nationaler Normungsebene ebnen.
KW - Spannstahl
KW - Spannungsrisskorrosion
KW - ISO 15630-3
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - Permeationsmessung
KW - WIPANO
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-577922
DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-57792
SP - 1
EP - 106
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-57792
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Levandowski, G. V.
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.
KW - Sugar cane bagasse
KW - Chicken manure ash
KW - Thermochemical treatment
KW - Nutrient
KW - Plant availability
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895
VL - 10
SP - 895
EP - 6
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-50973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Pavlovic, Mato
A1 - Kanzler, Daniel
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Pitkänen, J.
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
T1 - Holistically evaluating the reliability of NDE systems - paradigm shift
N2 - New methodologies for evaluating the reliability of NDE systems are discussed in accordance with the specific requirements of industrial application. After a review of the substantive issues from the previous decades, the go forward guidance is concluded. For high safety demands a quantitative probability of detection (POD) created from hit miss experiments or signal response analysis and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) are typically created. The modular model distinguishes between the influence of pure physics and technique, industrial application factors and the human factor and helps to learn what factors are covered by modelling, open or blind trials. A new paradigm is offered to consider the POD or reliability of the system as a function of the configuration of input variables and use it for optimisation rather than for a final judgement. New approaches are considered dealing with real defects in a realistic environment, affordable but precisely like the Bayesian approach or model assisted methods. Among the influencing parameters, the human factor is of high importance. A systematic psychological approach helps to find out where the bottlenecks are and shows possibilities for improvement.
T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing
CY - Durban, South Africa
DA - 16.04.2012
KW - Reliability of NDE
KW - POD
KW - ROC
KW - Modular Model
KW - Multiparameter-POD
KW - Bayesian Approach
KW - Human Factor
PY - 2012
SN - 978-0-620-52872-6
SP - 1
EP - 14 (Paper 591)
AN - OPUS4-27579
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, U.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Rolff, J.
T1 - Exposure of the wild bee Osmia bicornis to the honey bee pathogen Nosema ceranae
N2 - Wild bees are important pollinators for agricultural crops and solitary species such as Osmia bicornis are particularly suitable for pollination management. Wild bees share floral resources with managed honey bees and may be exposed to emerging infectious diseases. Although studies have explored the prevalence of pathogens in solitary wild bee species, data regarding the impact of pathogens on solitary bee health are lacking.
We carried out experiments examining whether the solitary bee species O. bicornis is susceptible to infection with the emerging pathogen The results obtained indicate that N. ceranae may be able to infect O. bicornis but its impact on host fitness is negligible: survival rates did not differ between Control and inoculated bees, although male survival was marginally lower after infection. To explore the possible field-relevance of our findings, we collected wild bees near an infected and a non-infected hive and showed that N. ceranae was shared between managed and wild bees, although only the in presence of infected honey bees.
The findings of the present study show that O. bicornis is susceptible to pathogen spillover and could act as a potential reservoir host for N. ceranae in pollinator networks. Additional studies on this species incorporating sublethal effects, multiple infections and other interacting stressors are warranted.
KW - Wild bees
KW - Nosema ceranae
KW - Osmia bicornis
KW - Pathogen spillover
KW - Survival rates
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12338
SN - 1461-9555
SN - 1461-9563
VL - 21
IS - 4
SP - 363
EP - 371
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-49648
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Welter, T.
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Hydrogen diffusivity in sodium aluminosilicate glasses
N2 - Hydrogen gas diffusivity of fourteen glasses of the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system are studied along the joins quartzalbite-jadeite-nepheline (Qz-Ab-Jd-Np, fully polymerized) and albite-sodium disilicate (Ab-Ds, depolymerized).
Density measurements show that ionic porosity decreases from 54.4% (Qz) to 51.5% (Np) and from 52.4% (Ab) to 50.2% (Ds). Hydrogen diffusivity D follows similar trends but at another scale. D at 523 K decreases from 4×10−12 to 3×10−14m2 s−1 (Qz-Np) and from 4×10−13 to 3×10−15m2 s−1 (Ab-Ds). Charge compensating Na+ acting as a filling agent in fully polymerized network structures leads to up to one order of Magnitude higher diffusivities as depolymerized glass structures of the same SiO2 content where Na+ takes the role of a
modifier ion. Temperature dependence of the diffusivity indicates that both the activation energy involved with the moving H2 molecule as well as the accessible volume in the structure contribute to this compositional trend.
KW - Aluminosilicate glasses
KW - Hydrogen diffusivity
KW - Ionic porosity
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.119502
VL - 521
SP - 119502
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-50392
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kiefer, P.
A1 - Deubener, J.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Behrens, H.
T1 - Statistical analysis of propagation rates of indentation-induced radial cracks
N2 - Due to the stochastic nature of crack nucleation by Vickers indentation, a statistical analysis of propagation rates of 185 radial cracks was performed. Crack growth was observed directly using a video camera with high Image acquisition rate. It is found that propagation rates are controlled by the environmental reactions at the crack-tip shortly after their initiation (< 1 s). Calibration of the stress intensity KI showed that the residual stress factor χ and the exponent n of the equation KI==χPc−n (with P==load and c==crack length) are broadly distributed among the 185 analyzed cracks, ranging from 10−16 to 104 and from 0.1 to 5, respectively. For the most frequent crack, the equation KI==0.052Pc−1.47 holds. The results show that correlations of indentation-induced crack length to stress intensity necessitate the use of statistical significant data that are calibrated by the environmental reactions at the crack-tip.
KW - Stress intensity factor
KW - Vickers indentation
KW - Subcritical crack growth
KW - Soda-lime-silica glass
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.119739
VL - 527
SP - 119739
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-50393
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -