TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, G. A1 - Müller, Larissa A1 - Beck, S. A1 - Linscheid, M.W. T1 - DOTA based metal labels for protein quantification: a review N2 - Today, quantitative data play a pivotal role in the understanding of biological processes. This is particularly true for the proteome: protein quantification always follows protein identification. To obtain useful and reliable quantitative data, rather sophisticated strategies using electrospray and MALDI mass spectrometry have been developed, which allow relative and sometimes even absolute quantification. All of those strategies have merits and limitations. In order to overcome some of these limits, methods based on the reliable and sensitive detection and quantification of heavy metals present in proteins using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS have been reported. With specific labels carrying heavy metals, the applicability of ICP-MS has been extended to almost every protein. One of such covalently bound metal tags, allowing the quantification of low abundant proteins, uses 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane N,N',N'',N''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelate complexes carrying lanthanides as the metal core. In this review the scope and limitations of peptide and protein quantification will be addressed. The metal tags do not only provide low detection limits, but also due to the large number of different lanthanides and lanthanide isotopes, multiplexing capabilities and previously unknown accuracy based on inherently possible isotope dilution methods came into reach. The developed workflows, including electrophoretic and chromatographic separation and preconcentration techniques, will be addressed to allow a comparison with already established procedures. KW - Protein quantification KW - ICP-MS KW - DOTA KW - Labeling PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ja50277e SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 221 EP - 233 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-30730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Calmon, P. A1 - Carter, L. A1 - Fischer, J. A1 - Forsyth, D. A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - McGrath, B. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Rummel, W. A1 - Schubert, F. A1 - Selby, G. T1 - Summary of the "open space technology discussions" on reliability of NDE N2 - Since the beginnings of the European American Workshops (EAW) in 1997, the aim was to gather the experts in NDE reliability and discuss burning topics with the aim of identifying crucial problems and suggesting ways to move forward. This was usually achieved during the so-called break-out sessions, in which predetermined topics were discussed. During the 5th EAW, held in Berlin in 2013, this approach was replaced by an Open Space Technology (OST) approach. The benefit of this approach is seen in the freedom of topic choices, i. e., the topics are not predetermined but rather arise at that moment in that space and by the participants’ choice. The following topics arose: new reliability methods (Bayesian, MAPOD, …), structural health monitoring, definition of requirements of NDE by customer versus provider, what value of POD is good enough?, human factors, manual versus automated inspection, and basic concepts of reliability of NDE. The participants were encouraged to walk from one session to another and openly express their opinions. These were in the end summarized by a chosen group of moderators and presented in this paper. N2 - Seit den Anfängen der europäischen amerikanischen Workshops (EAW) im Jahr 1997 war es das Ziel, Experten auf dem Gebiet der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit zusammenzuführen und aktuelle Themen zu diskutieren, um wichtige Probleme zu identifizieren und Wege für deren Lösung vorzuschlagen. Dies wurde in der Regel während der sogenannten „Break-out Sessions“ erreicht, in denen vorgegebene Themen diskutiert wurden. Während des 5. EAW, der in Berlin im Jahr 2013 stattfand, wurde dieser Ansatz durch einen Open Space Technology (OST) Ansatz ersetzt. Open Space ist eine Methode der Gruppenmoderation, die sehr gut geeignet ist, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln und selbstständiges Arbeiten zu fördern, d. h. die Themen werden nicht vorgegeben, sondern ergeben sich in diesem Moment in diesem Raum und durch die Wahl der Teilnehmer. Die folgenden Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: neue Zuverlässigkeitsmethoden (Bayes, MAPOD, ...…), Structural Health Monitoring, Definition von Anforderungen der Kunden gegenüber den ZfP-Anbietern, Welcher Wert der POD ist gut genug?, der Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren, manuelle gegenüber automatisierte Prüfung, sowie Grundkonzepte der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit. Die Teilnehmer wurden aufgefordert, von einer Sitzung zur anderen zu wechseln und offen ihre Meinung zu äußern. Diese Meinungen wurden am Ende von einer ausgewählten Gruppe von Moderatoren zusammengefasst und werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. KW - NDE reliability KW - POD KW - Bayesian approach KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Human factors KW - Open space technology PY - 2014 UR - http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110604 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110604 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 56 IS - 7-8 SP - 602 EP - 606 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-31269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Calmon, P. A1 - Carter, L. A1 - Fisher, J. A1 - Forsyth, D. A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - McGrath, B. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Rummel, W. A1 - Schubert, F. A1 - Selby, G. T1 - Summary of the open space technology discussions N2 - The highlight of 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) was the “Open Space Technology“(OST) discussion. The aim of the 5thEAW and, in particular, of the OST discussion - was to shed light on the reasons, which create a “deltcT between all the qualifications and reliability models and the real reliability in the field. In the previous 4 Workshops, the different topics of interest were discussed in the so-called break-out sessions, in which a specific goal for each working group was defined beforehand. In order not to move on “the old rails” in search for an answer, the break-out sessions were this year replaced by an open space approach. The reason for this was not to restrict the participants to a certain number of topics, but rather to allow the topics to arisefrom the interests of the participants and the needs of both the researchers and the NDT practitioners. This was achieved through setting up a wall of ideas. Each of the participantswas asked to write down as many questions or topics as they wanted, and pin them up on the wall throughout the duration of the entire Workshop. Finally, when the participants gathered for the discussion, those ideas were organized into 6 main topics: A. New reliability methods: Multiparameter POD, MAPOD, Bayesian B. Structural health monitoring C. Applications in industry D. Human factors E. Integrated Solutions and “delta" F. Basic concepts of reliability of NDE As in the spirit of the OST, in which the participants themselves determine the topics and decide how the discussion will flow, the participants from the topics C, D and E joined their forces and disused together. The groups separated and, under the moderation of several experts in different NDT reliability fields, the different issues have been discussed. At the end of the day the Groups were asked to present the content and the results of their work. Every group wrote a summary of the discussion. The purpose of this paper is to present the summaries of the held discussions and, therewith, share with the NDT community the main conclusions. T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.10.2013 PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-940283-53-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 144 SP - 1 EP - 7 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Ruiken, Jan-Paul A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Müller, D.-N. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Westad, Frank A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Process spectroscopy in microemulsions — Raman spectroscopy for online monitoring of a homogeneous hydroformylation process N2 - A major industrial reaction based on homogeneous catalysis is hydroformylation for the production of aldehydes from alkenes and syngas. Hydroformylation in microemulsions, which is currently under investigation at Technische Universität Berlin on a mini-plant scale, was identified as a cost efficient approach which also enhances product selectivity. Herein, we present the application of online Raman spectroscopy on the reaction of 1-dodecene to 1-tridecanal within a microemulsion. To achieve a good representation of the operation range in the mini-plant with regard to concentrations of the reactants a design of experiments was used. Based on initial Raman spectra partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were calibrated for the prediction of 1-dodecene and 1-tridecanal. Limits of predictions arise from nonlinear correlations between Raman intensity and mass fractions of compounds in the microemulsion system. Furthermore, the prediction power of PLSR models becomes limited due to unexpected by-product formation. Application of the lab-scale derived calibration spectra and PLSR models on online spectra from a mini-plant operation yielded promising estimations of 1-tridecanal and acceptable predictions of 1-dodecene mass fractions suggesting Raman spectroscopy as a suitable technique for process analytics in microemulsions. KW - Raman KW - Online KW - Chemometrics KW - Hydroformylation KW - Mini-plant KW - Microemulsion PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa54f0 SN - 1361-6501 SN - 0957-0233 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 035502-1 EP - 035502-11 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd CY - UK AN - OPUS4-39032 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Process spectroscopy in microemulsions - setup and multi-spectral approach for reaction monitoring of a homogeneous hydroformylation process N2 - Reaction monitoring in disperse systems, such as emulsions, is of significant technical importance in various disciplines like biotechnological engineering, chemical industry, food science, and a growing number other technical fields. These systems pose several challenges when it comes to process analytics, such as heterogeneity of mixtures, changes in optical behavior, and low optical activity. Concerning this, online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for process monitoring in complex reaction mixtures due to its unique direct comparison abilities, while at the same time being non-invasive and independent of optical properties of the sample. In this study the applicability of online-spectroscopic methods on the homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation system of 1-dodecene to tridecanal is investigated, which is operated in a mini-plant scale at Technische Universität Berlin. The design of a laboratory setup for process-like calibration experiments is presented, including a 500 MHz online NMR spectrometer, a benchtop NMR device with 43 MHz proton frequency as well as two Raman probes and a flow cell assembly for an ultraviolet and visible light (UV/VIS) spectrometer. Results of high-resolution online NMR spectroscopy are shown and technical as well as process-specific problems observed during the measurements are discussed. KW - Online-spectroscopy KW - Quantitative NMR spectroscopy KW - Process analytical technology KW - Microemulsions PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa54f3 SN - 0957-0233 SN - 1361-6501 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 035501-1 EP - 035501-11 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd. AN - OPUS4-39091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant I – Experimental setup and NMR reaction monitoring N2 - Hydroformylation represents an important homogeneous catalyzed process, which is widely used within chemical industry. Usually applied with simple alkenes like Propene and Butene aldehydes obtained from alkenes >C6 are relevant intermediates in production of plasticizers, surfactants and polymers. Today the active catalyst species is often based on valuable Rhodium complexes in aqueous solution. This implies the problem of limited water solubility of the reactands, which is acceptable for short chain lengths, but states a problem in case of higher alkenes. Along with that efficient separation and recycling of the catalyst becomes more complicated. There are different approaches tackling this problem, e.g., by using of salt formation in the BASF process or downstream distillation within the Shell process T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Wien, Austria DA - 30.11.2015 KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Process analytical technology KW - Emuslions KW - Hydroformylation KW - Online NMR spectroscopy KW - Reaction monitoring PY - 2015 SP - 51 EP - 51 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38845 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Westad, Frank A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant II - Calibration and prediction by Raman spectra N2 - The Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT aims to establish a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro-emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the temperature and concentration sensitive multi-phase system demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve an operational and economically feasible plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control assistance. The lab-scale experiments were supported by sampling for off-line GC-analysis as reference analytics. The results of the NMR experiments will be part of another contribution. T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Wien, Austria DA - 30.11.2015 KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Process analytical technology KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie KW - Emulsions KW - Hydroformylation KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2015 SP - 66 EP - 67 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38846 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Desplanques, Y. A1 - Bulthé, A.-L. A1 - Degallaix, G. A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. T1 - 3rd Body formation of two different brake pad materials designed for railway application T2 - 5th European Conference on Braking (JEF 2006) CY - Lille, France DA - 2006-11-08 PY - 2006 SP - 107 EP - 115 AN - OPUS4-18699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Reinhold, J. A1 - Barkusky, D. A1 - Wiemer, M. A1 - Remus, R. A1 - Busse, J. A1 - Müller, H.-J. A1 - Kiesel, J. A1 - Gleixner, G. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kirchner, M. A1 - Oehley, J. A1 - Gerlach, F. T1 - Wirkung einer organischen Düngung mit Seeschlamm auf sandigem Boden im nordostdeutschen Trockengebiet PY - 2009 SP - 1 EP - 162 CY - Frankfurt/Main AN - OPUS4-20928 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herberg, G. A1 - Laufer, W. A1 - Edelmann, A1 - Frielinghaus, R. A1 - Ganglbauer, O. A1 - Heisterkamp, A1 - Müller, W. A1 - Römer, Manfred A1 - Schumann, Yvonne A1 - Tenbusch, T1 - Statusbericht zur Ultraschallprüfung an austenitischen Schweißnähten PY - 1978 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 120 EP - 124 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-8984 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Patitz, G. A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Reschke, Thorsten T1 - Zerstörungsarme baustoffliche Zustandsbewertung von AKR-geschädigten Wasserbauwerken mit innovativen Prüftechniken T2 - DAfStb-Fachtagung 2005 "Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren und Bauwerksdiagnose im Betonbau" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2005-03-10 KW - Betonbau KW - Strukturaufklärung KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Radar KW - Ultraschall-Echo KW - Röntgen3D-CT KW - Mikro-RFA PY - 2005 SP - A47 EP - A56 PB - BAM CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-11527 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Threat Detection Technologies Covering an Extended Range of Eventualities T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - Hazardous and toxic gasses and vapours KW - Warfare substances KW - Threats other than explosives KW - Multi-gas sensor KW - Detection technology PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 11(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14472 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Materialprüfung und Erkennung von Gefahren für die öffentliche Sicherheit T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Deutschland DA - 2007-05-14 KW - Gefahrstoffe KW - Sicherheit KW - Kontrollen KW - Gefahrstoffnachweis KW - EFNDT Arbeitsgruppe 5 PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931381-98-1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-16074 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bahlmann, Stefanie A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Hauer, B. A1 - Klein, H. A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Ruppert, J. A1 - Schäfer, S. A1 - Spanka, G. A1 - Wassing, W. A1 - Zunzer, U. T1 - Potenziale des Sekundärstoffeinsatzes im Betonbau - Teilprojekt B1 KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Sekundäre Gesteinskörnung KW - Rezyklierte Gesteinskörnung KW - Betonbrechsand KW - Müllverbrennungsasche PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-410-65772-9 SN - 0171-7197 N1 - Geburtsname von Bahlmann, Stefanie: Ramolla, S. - Birth name of Bahlmann, Stefanie: Ramolla, S. IS - 572 SP - 131 EP - 222 PB - Beuth AN - OPUS4-16361 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abou-Ras, D. A1 - Caballero, R. A1 - Fischer, C.-H. A1 - Kaufmann, C.A. A1 - Lauermann, I. A1 - Mainz, R. A1 - Mönig, H. A1 - Schöpke, A. A1 - Stephan, C. A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Schorr, S. A1 - Eicke, A. A1 - Döbeli, M. A1 - Gade, B. A1 - Hinrichs, J. A1 - Nunney, T. A1 - Dijkstra, H. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Klemm, D. A1 - Efimova, V. A1 - Bergmaier, A. A1 - Dollinger, G. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Rockett, A.A. A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A. A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J. A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V. A1 - Schmid, T. A1 - Choi, P.-P. A1 - Müller, M. A1 - Bertram, F. A1 - Christen, J. A1 - Khatri, H. A1 - Collins, R.W. A1 - Marsillac, S. A1 - Kötschau, I. T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits. KW - Elemental distributions KW - Comparison KW - Depth profiling KW - Chemical mapping KW - Thin films KW - Solar cells KW - Chalcopyrite-type KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2 PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523 SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 728 EP - 751 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-24506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Pusch, G. T1 - Anwendung des instrumentierten Kerbschlagbiegeversuchs zur Abschätzung der Rissauffangzähigkeit N2 - Die moderne Bauteilsicherheitsbewertung basiert auf Methoden der Bruchmechanik unter Anwendung von bruchmechanischen Kennwerten, die den Werkstoffwiderstand gegen Rissinitiierung und Rissfortschritt sowie das Rissauffangverhalten charakterisieren. Die experimentelle Ermittlung der Rissarrestzähigkeit ist im Allgemeinen jedoch schwierig und aufwendig. In diesem Beitrag werden Korrelationen für die Abschätzung der Sprödbruch-Übergangstemperatur (TNDT) und der Rissarrestzähigkeit (KIa) mit Hilfe einer Übergangstemperatur, die der Rissauffangkraft im instrumentierten Kerbschlagbiegeversuch entspricht, vorgestellt. Als Kriterien für den Zähigkeitsübergang gelten die an Charpy-V-Proben gemessene Rissauffangkraft 4 kN und die nach Master-Curve-Ansatz berechnete mittlere Rissarrestzähigkeit 100 MPam. Die für verschiedene Baustähle vorgeschlagenen Korrelationen zwischen den Übergangstemperaturen T(Fa = 4 kN), T(KIa) und TNDT werden am Beispiel des Stahles 18Ch2MFA bestätigt. PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4052(200106)32:6<539::AID-MAWE539>3.0.CO;2-4 SN - 0933-5137 SN - 1521-4052 VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 539 EP - 543 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1132 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Pusch, G. ED - François, D. ED - Pineau, A. T1 - Use of charpy impact testing to evaluate crack-arrest fracture toughness KW - Charpy-V KW - Instrumented impact test KW - Crack arrest fracture toughness KW - Ferritic structural steel PY - 2002 SN - 0-08-043970-5 SN - 1566-1369 N1 - Serientitel: ESIS publication – Series title: ESIS publication IS - 30 SP - 263 EP - 270 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Schöch, M. A1 - Müller, G. A1 - Hahne, D.-B. T1 - Strukturuntersuchungen an Makromonomeren für partiell kristalline polymere Netzwerke T2 - Vortragstagung "Funktionspolymere für Systemlösungen" CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 2002-03-18 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1806 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Theiner, S. A1 - Löhr, Konrad A1 - Köllensperger, G. A1 - Müller, L. A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Single-cell analysis by use of ICP-MS N2 - This tutorial review article is highlighting the fundamentals, instrumentation, and most recent trends of single-cell analysis by use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It is shown that metals and hetero-elements being intrinsically present in cells, taken up by cells (for instance engineered metallic nanoparticles) or binding to a cell can be detected qualitatively by existing ICP-MS Technologies on a single cell level. Adding a quantitative dimension to single-cell analysis by (laser ablation-) ICP-MS requires dedicated calibration and validation strategies, which are currently being established and are being critically discussed. In a tutorial part, the ICP-MS instruments, the measurement conditions, and the sample introduction and preparation techniques are introduced. The application section focuses on the state-of-the-art of single-cell analysis in suspension, using laser ablation or (imaging) mass cytometry. Finally, future trends are critically assessed. KW - Cell KW - ICP KW - ICP-MS KW - Laser ablation PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00194e SN - 0267-9477 VL - 35 IS - 9 SP - 1784 EP - 1813 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge, UK AN - OPUS4-51448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tognoni, E. A1 - Cristoforetti, G. A1 - Legnaioli, S. A1 - Palleschi, V. A1 - Salvetti, A. A1 - Müller, Maike A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Gomushkin, I. T1 - A numerical study of expected accuracy and precision in Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in the assumption of ideal analytical plasma N2 - Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) has been proposed several years ago as an approach for quantitative analysis of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy spectra. Recently developed refinement of the spectral processing method is described in the present work. Accurate quantitative results have been demonstrated for several metallic alloys. However, the degree of accuracy that can be achieved with Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analysis of generic samples still needs to be thoroughly investigated. The authors have undertaken a systematic study of errors and biasing factors affecting the calculation in the Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy spectra processing. These factors may be classified in three main groups: 1) experimental aberrations (intensity fluctuations and inaccuracy in the correction for spectral efficiency of a detection system), 2) inaccuracy in theoretical parameters used for calculations (Stark broadening coefficients and partition functions) and 3) plasma non-ideality (departure from thermal equilibrium, spatial and temporal inhomogeneities, optical thickness, etc.). In this study, the effects of experimental aberrations and accuracy of spectral data were investigated, assuming that the analytical plasma is ideal. Departure of the plasma conditions from ideality will be the object of future work. The current study was based on numerical simulation. Two kinds of metallic alloys, iron-based and aluminum-based, were studied. The relative weight of the error contributions was found to depend on the sample composition. For the here-investigated samples, the experimental aberrations contribute to the overall uncertainty on the quantitative results more than theoretical parameters. The described simulation method can be applied to the Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analysis of any other kind of sample. KW - LIBS KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Standard-less analysis KW - Accuracy KW - Precision PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2007.10.005 SN - 0584-8547 SN - 0038-6987 VL - 62 IS - 12 SP - 1287 EP - 1302 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-16566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altantsog, Pagvajav A1 - Ojunbileg, L. A1 - Tserenshimed, M. A1 - Chadraabal, Shgdariin A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Gaber, Martin A1 - Batdemberel, G. A1 - Sangaa, D. T1 - Some experimental results of glass melting by using sands from Buir nuur PY - 2002 VL - 1 SP - 103 EP - 118 AN - OPUS4-3113 LA - mon AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deubener, Joachim A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Heide, G. T1 - Water and the glass transition temperature of silicate melts N2 - Literature data on the effect of water on the glass transition in silicate melts are gathered for a broad range of total water content cw from 3 × 10-4 to 27 wt%. In terms of a reduced glass transition temperature Tg*=Tg/TgGN, where TgGN is Tg of the melt containing cw?0.02 wt% total water, a uniform dependence of Tg* on total water content (cw) is evident for silicate melts. Tg* decreases steadily with increasing water content, most strongly at the lowest water content where H2O is dominantly dissolved as OH. For water-rich melts, the variation of Tg* is less pronounced, but it does not vanish even at the largest water contents reported (?27 wt%). Tg* vs. cw is fitted by a three-component model. This approach accounts for different transition temperatures of the dry glass, hydroxyl and molecular water predicting Tg* as a weighted linear combination of these temperatures. The required but mostly unknown water speciation in the glasses was estimated using IR-spectroscopy data for hydrous sodium trisilicate and rhyolite. PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00472-1 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 330 SP - 268 EP - 273 PB - North-Holland Publ. Co. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-3120 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denißen, M. A1 - Hannen, R. A1 - Itskalov, D. A1 - Biesen, L. A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Reiss, G. J. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Müller, T. J. J. T1 - One-pot synthesis of a white-light emissive bichromophore operated by aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) and partial energy transfer N2 - Merocyanine–triarylamine bichromophores are readily synthesized by sequentially Pd-catalyzed insertion alkynylation–Michael–Suzuki four-component reactions. White-light emissive systems form upon aggregation in 1 : 99 and 0.1 : 99.9 vol% CH2Cl2–cyclohexane mixtures, ascribed to aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) in combination with partial energy transfer between both chromophore units as supported by spectroscopic studies. KW - Energy transfer KW - Nano KW - Nanoparticle KW - Photoluminescence KW - Fluorescence KW - Quantum yield KW - Photophysics KW - Lifetime KW - Sensor KW - Dye KW - Enhancement KW - Particle KW - Polarity KW - AIE KW - Aggregation KW - Aggregation-induced emission KW - Solid state emission KW - Merocyanine PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03451g VL - 56 IS - 54 SP - 7407 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-50936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, A. A1 - Lischeid, G. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Lentzsch, P. A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas A1 - Müller, M.H. T1 - Co-Cultivation of Fusarium, Alternaria, and Pseudomonas on Wheat-Ears Affects Microbial Growth and Mycotoxin Production N2 - Mycotoxigenic fungal pathogens Fusarium and Alternaria are a leading cause of loss in cereal production. On wheat-ears, they are confronted by bacterial antagonists such as pseudomonads. Studies on these groups’ interactions often neglect the infection process’s temporal aspects and the associated priority effects. In the present study, the focus was on how the first colonizer affects the subsequent ones. In a climate chamber experiment, wheat-ears were successively inoculated with two different strains (Alternaria enuissima At625, Fusarium graminearum Fg23, or Pseudomonas simiae Ps9). Over three weeks, microbial abundances and mycotoxin concentrations were analyzed and visualized via Self Organizing Maps with Sammon Mapping (SOM-SM). All three strains revealed different characteristics and strategies to deal with co-inoculation: Fg23, as the first colonizer, suppressed the establishment of At625 and Ps9. Nevertheless, primary inoculation of At625 reduced all of the Fusarium toxins and stopped Ps9 from establishing. Ps9 showed priority effects in delaying and blocking the production of the fungal mycotoxins. The SOM-SM analysis visualized the competitive strengths: Fg23 ranked first, At625 second, Ps9 third. Our findings of species-specific priority effects in a natural environment and the role of the mycotoxins involved are relevant for developing biocontrol strategies. KW - Antagonists KW - Microbe interactions KW - Mycotoxins KW - Priority effect KW - SOM-SM PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-521554 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020443 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 443 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-52155 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wipfler, B. A1 - Bradler, S. A1 - Büsse, S. A1 - Hammel, J. A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Pass, G. T1 - Evolutionary morphology of the antennal heart in stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) and webspinners (Embioptera) (Insecta: Eukinolabia) N2 - The morphology of the antennal hearts in the head of Phasmatodea and Embioptera was investigated with particular reference to phylogenetically relevant key taxa. The antennal circulatory organs of all examined species have the same basic construction: they consist of antennal vessels that are connected to ampullae located in the head near the antenna base. The ampullae are pulsatile due to associated muscles, but the points of attachment differ between the species studied. All examined Phasmatodea species have a Musculus (M.) interampullaris which extends between the two ampullae plus a M. ampulloaorticus that runs from the ampullae to the anterior end of the aorta; upon contraction, all these muscles dilate the lumina of both ampullae at the same time. In Embioptera, only the australembiid Metoligotoma has an M. interampullaris. All other studied webspinners instead have a M. ampullofrontalis which extends between the ampullae and the frontal region of the head capsule; these species do not have M. ampulloaorticus. Outgroup comparison indicates that an antennal heart with a M. interampullaris is the plesiomorphic character state among Embioptera and the likely ground pattern of the taxon Eukinolabia. Antennal hearts with a M. ampullofrontalis represent a derived condition that occurs among insects only in some embiopterans. These findings help to further clarify the controversially discussed internal phylogeny of webspinners by supporting the view that Australembiidae are the sister group of the remaining Embioptera. KW - Phylogeny KW - Polyneoptera KW - Metoligotoma PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527795 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00526-4 SN - 1432-234X VL - 140 IS - 3 SP - 331 EP - 340 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-52779 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Issever, A.S. A1 - Diederichs, G. A1 - Majumdar, S. A1 - Rogalla, P. A1 - Hamm, B.K. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Müller, Bernd R. T1 - Analyser-based tomography images of cartilage N2 - Analyser-based imaging expands the performance of X-ray imaging by utilizing not only the absorption properties of X-rays but also the refraction and scatter rejection (extinction) properties. In this study, analyser-based computed tomography has been implemented on imaging an articular cartilage sample, depicting substructural variations, without overlay, at a pixel resolution of 3.6 µm. KW - Cartilage KW - Analyser-based imaging KW - Computed tomography PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049508014829 SN - 0909-0495 SN - 1600-5775 VL - 15 IS - Part 5 SP - 525 EP - 527 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-17852 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Gaiselmann, G. A1 - Bohner, J. A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Schmidt, V. A1 - Banhart, J. A1 - Lehnert, W. T1 - A dedicated compression device for high resolution X-ray tomography of compressed gas diffusion layers N2 - We present an experimental approach to study the three-dimensional microstructure of gas diffusion layer (GDL) materials under realistic compression conditions. A dedicated compression device was designed that allows for synchrotron-tomographic investigation of circular samples under well-defined compression conditions. The tomographic data provide the experimental basis for stochastic modeling of nonwoven GDL materials. A plain compression tool is used to study the fiber courses in the material at different compression stages. Transport relevant geometrical parameters, such as porosity, pore size, and tortuosity distributions, are exemplarily evaluated for a GDL sample in the uncompressed state and for a compression of 30 vol.%. To mimic the geometry of the flow-field, we employed a compression punch with an integrated channel-rib-profile. It turned out that the GDL material is homogeneously compressed under the ribs, however, much less compressed underneath the channel. GDL fibers extend far into the channel volume where they might interfere with the convective gas transport and the removal of liquid water from the cell. KW - PEM fuel cell KW - Gas diffusion layer (GDL) KW - Compression device KW - X-ray tomography KW - Synchrotron KW - Tortuosity PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4918291 SN - 0034-6748 SN - 1089-7623 VL - 86 IS - 4 SP - 043702-1 EP - 043702-6 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-33081 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Ulm, G. A1 - Diete, W. A1 - Klein, U. A1 - Frahm, R. T1 - BAMlin - the first hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II N2 - The first hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II will be installed by BAM and PTB at a superconducting 7 T wavelength shifter. The main optical elements of the beamline are a Double-Multilayer-Monochromator and a Double-Crystal-Monochromator. The two devices can be used separately or in-line. Main applications of monochromatic radiation with photon energies up to 50 keV are X-ray fluorescence analysis, micro-computed tomography, X-ray topography, detector calibration and reflectometry. Calculable undispersed radiation up to 200 keV will be available for radiometric applications. KW - Double-Multilayer-Monochromator with meridional bender KW - Double-Crystal-Monochromator with sagittal bender KW - X-ray fluorescence analysis KW - Micro-computed tomography KW - X-ray topography KW - Detector calibration KW - Reflectometry PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00466-1 SN - 0168-9002 SN - 0167-5087 VL - 467-468 IS - 1 SP - 703 EP - 706 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1171 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Hamm, B. A1 - Rogalla, P. A1 - Diederichs, G. A1 - Issever, A.S. T1 - First Synchrotron Refraction CT of Cartilage KW - X-ray Refraction KW - Computed Tomography KW - DEI KW - Cartilage PY - 2008 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annual_report_2007-v2.pdf#page=292 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 292 EP - 296 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-17661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Ulm, G. T1 - The first hard X-rays at the BAMline PY - 2001 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2000.pdf#page=329 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 329 EP - 331 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1299 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Römich, H. A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Möhrle, G. T1 - Untersuchung alternativer bzw. ergänzender Reinigungsmethoden KW - Kulturguterhaltung KW - Bienenwachs KW - Carnaubawachs PY - 2004 SN - 3-361-00577-9 SP - 100 EP - 108 PB - Ed. Leipzig CY - Leipzig AN - OPUS4-3461 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Möhrle, G. A1 - Mueller-Winitschke, C. T1 - Reinigung mittelalterlicher Glasmalereien KW - Kulturguterhaltung KW - Airbrasive KW - Rasterelektronenmikroskopie PY - 2001 SN - 0933-4017 VL - 107 IS - 8 SP - 620 EP - 625 PB - Callwey CY - München AN - OPUS4-3245 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Affeldt, E. E. A1 - Harders, H. A1 - Marchal, N. A1 - Müller, F. A1 - Onofrio, G. A1 - Remy, L. A1 - Toulios, M. ED - Jaroslav Pokluda, ED - Petr Lukás, ED - Pavel Sandera, ED - Ivo Dlouhý, T1 - Experimental characterization of high temperature fatigue crack growth in a single crystal superalloy for gas turbine applications T2 - 17th European Conference on Fracture (ECF17) - Multilevel Approach to Fracture of Materials, Components and Structures CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 2008-09-02 KW - Single Crystal Superalloy KW - LCF KW - Crack Growth KW - Creep-Fatigue KW - Oxidation PY - 2008 SN - 978-80-214-3692-3 SP - 1336 EP - 1343 PB - VUTIUM Brno AN - OPUS4-18268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Dombinov, V. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Willbold, S. A1 - Levandowski, G. V. A1 - Meiller, M. A1 - Müller, F. A1 - Zang, J. W. A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A. A1 - Jablonowski, N. D. A1 - Schrey, S. D. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash. KW - Sugar cane bagasse KW - Chicken manure ash KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Nutrient KW - Plant availability PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895 VL - 10 SP - 895 EP - 6 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-50973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Silva, B. A1 - Da Porto, F. A1 - Hracov, S. A1 - Pospisil, S. A1 - Adami, C.-E. A1 - Vintzileou, E. A1 - Vasconcelos, G. A1 - Poletti, E. ED - Jasienko, J. T1 - Overview of different strengthening techniques applied on walls used in historical structures N2 - Different types of vertical elements, such as masonry, massive walls and timber frame elements, exhibit a different response exposed to the same loading scenario, in particular when it concerns dynamic loading. It is therefore paramount to investigate the principal response of different types of construction with different materials under a variety of loading scenarios. From there, the design of strengthening techniques against earthquakes can be performed. This paper presents the results from experiments, where various retrofitting techniques were tested. The goals were to define and improve laboratory procedures for evaluating the intervention technologies and specifications for laboratory specimens. From this base tests to characterise the experimental behaviour of original and strengthened masonry walls were performed, in order to obtain information on the system performance and the main constitutive laws relevant for modelling. The test campaigns were focused on static tests as well as cyclic tests of unreinforced and reinforced vertical building elements. The study is part of our work in the framework of the ongoing project NIKER funded by the European Commission dealing with improving immovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes. T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 15.10.2012 KW - Stone masonry KW - Brick masonry KW - Earthen materials KW - Half timbered walls KW - Grouting PY - 2012 SN - 978-83-7125-216-7 SN - 0860-2395 VL - 3 SP - 2870 EP - 2878 PB - DWE CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-27275 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Askew, P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Grinda, Manfred A1 - Hertel, Horst A1 - Krumbein, W.E. A1 - Müller, R.-J. A1 - Pantke, Michael A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Schmitt, G. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin ED - Czichos, Horst ED - Saito, T. ED - Smith, L. T1 - Biogenic impact on materials N2 - Materials as constituents of products or components of technical systems rarely exist in isolation and many must cope with exposure in the natural world. This chapter describes methods that simulate how a material is influenced through contact with living systems such as microorganisms and arthropods. Both unwanted and desirable interactions are considered. This biogenic impact on materials is intimately associated with the environment to which the material is exposed (Materials-Environment Interaction, Chap. 15). Factors such as moisture, temperature and availability of food sources all have a significant influence on biological systems. Corrosion (Chap. 12) and wear (Chap. 13) can also be induced or enhanced in the presence of microorganisms. Section 14.1 introduces the categories between desired (biodegradation) and undesired (biodeterioration) biological effects on materials. It also introduces the role of biocides for the protection of materials. Section 14.2 describes the testing of wood as a building material especially against microorganisms and insects. Section 14.3 characterizes the test methodologies for two other groups of organic materials, namely polymers (Sect. 14.3.1) and paper and textiles (Sect. 14.3.2). Section 14.4 deals with the susceptibility of inorganic materials such as metals (Sect. 14.4.1), concrete (Sect. 14.4.2) and ceramics (Sect. 14.4.3) to biogenic impact. Section 14.5 treats the testing methodology concerned with the performance of coatings and coating materials. In many of these tests specific strains of organisms are employed. It is vital that these strains retain their ability to utilize/attack the substrate from which they were isolated, even when kept for many years in the laboratory. Section 14.6 therefore considers the importance of maintaining robust and representative test organisms that are as capable of utilizing a substrate as their counterparts in nature such that realistic predictions of performance can be made. KW - Materialschutz KW - Biologie KW - Organismus KW - Standard KW - Prüfung PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-642-16640-2 SP - 769 EP - 844 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-24210 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Minelli, C. A1 - Sparnacci, K. A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Kalbe, H. A1 - Stoger-Pollach, M. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Werner, W. S. M. A1 - Shard, A. G. T1 - Surface-Energy Control and Characterization of Nanoparticle Coatings N2 - Accurate and reproducible measurement of the structure and properties of high-value nanoparticles is extremely important for their commercialization. A significant proportion of engineered nanoparticle systems consist of some form of nominally core-shell structure, whether by design or unintentionally. Often, these do not form an ideal core-shell structure, with typical deviations including polydispersity of the core or shell, uneven or incomplete shells, noncentral cores, and others. Such systems may be created with or without intent, and in either case an understanding of the conditions for formation of such particles is desirable. Precise determination of the structure, composition, size, and shell thickness of such particles can prove challenging without the use of a suitable range of characterization techniques. Here, the authors present two such polymer core-shell nanoparticle systems, consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene cores coated with a range of thicknesses of either polymethylmethacrylate or polystyrene. By consideration of surface energy, it is shown that these particles are expected to possess distinctly differing coating structures, with the polystyrene coating being incomplete. A comprehensive characterization of these systems is demonstrated, using a selection of complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, differential centrifugal sedimentation, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By combining the results provided by these techniques, it is possible to achieve superior characterization and understanding of the particle structure than could be obtained by considering results separately. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Core-shell KW - XPS KW - Size KW - Thickness KW - Damage PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02161 VL - 124 IS - 20 SP - 11200 EP - 11211 PB - ACS CY - Washington DC AN - OPUS4-50899 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laquai, René A1 - Gouraud, F. A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Huger, M. A1 - Chotard, T. A1 - Antou, G. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evolution of Thermal Microcracking in Refractory ZrO2-SiO2 after Application of External Loads at High Temperatures N2 - Zirconia-based cast refractories are widely used for glass furnace applications. Since they have to withstand harsh chemical as well as thermo-mechanical environments, internal stresses and microcracking are often present in such materials under operating conditions (sometimes in excess of 1700 °C). We studied the evolution of thermal (CTE) and mechanical (Young’s modulus) properties as a function of temperature in a fused-cast refractory containing 94 wt.% of monoclinic ZrO2 and 6 wt.% of a silicate glassy phase. With the aid of X-ray refraction techniques (yielding the internal specific surface in materials), we also monitored the evolution of microcracking as a function of thermal cycles (crossing the martensitic phase transformation around 1000 °C) under externally applied stress. We found that external compressive stress leads to a strong decrease of the internal surface per unit volume, but a tensile load has a similar (though not so strong) effect. In agreement with existing literature on -eucryptite microcracked ceramics, we could explain These phenomena by microcrack closure in the load direction in the compression case, and by microcrack propagation (rather than microcrack nucleation) under tensile conditions. KW - Electro-fused zirconia KW - Microcracking KW - Synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) KW - Thermal expansion PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-477431 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071017 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-47743 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Clifford, C. A. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Shard, A. G. T1 - Summary of ISO/TC 201 Technical Report 23173—Surface chemical analysis—Electron spectroscopies—Measurement of the thickness and composition of nanoparticle coatings N2 - ISO Technical Report 23173 describes methods by which electron spectroscopies, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and synchrotron techniques, can be employed to calculate the Coating thicknesses and compositions of nanoparticles. The document has been developed to review and outline the current state-of-the-art for such measurements. Such analyses of core–shell nanoparticles are common within the literature, however the methods employed are varied; the relative advantages and disadvantages of These methods, and the optimal usage of each may not be clear to the general analyst. ISO Technical Report 23173 aims to clarify the methods that are available, describe them in clear terms, exhibit examples of their use, and highlight potential issues users may face. The information provided should allow analysts of electron spectroscopy data to make clear choices regarding the appropriate analysis of electron spectroscopy data from coated nanoparticle systems and provide a basis for understanding and comparing results from different methods and systems. KW - Electron spectroscopy KW - Core-shell KW - Nanoparticles KW - ISO 23173 KW - XPS KW - Thickness KW - Composition PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.6987 SN - 0142-2421 VL - 53 IS - 10 SP - 893 EP - 899 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd AN - OPUS4-52976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trajkovski, B. A1 - Jaunich, Matthias A1 - Müller, W. A1 - Beuer, F. A1 - Zafiropoulos, G. A1 - Houshmand, A. ED - Eppel, S.J. T1 - Hydrophilicity, viscoelastic, and physicochemical properties variations in dental bone grafting substitutes N2 - The indication-oriented Dental Bone Graft Substitutes (DBGS) selection, the correct bone defects classification, and appropriate treatment planning are very crucial for obtaining successful clinical results. However, hydrophilic, viscoelastic, and physicochemical properties’ influence on the DBGS regenerative potential has poorly been studied. For that reason, we investigated the dimensional changes and molecular mobility by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of xenograft (cerabone®), synthetic (maxresorb®), and allograft (maxgraft®, Puros®) blocks in a wet and dry state. While no significant differences could be seen in dry state, cerabone® and maxresorb® blocks showed a slight height decrease in wet state, whereas both maxgraft® and Puros® had an almost identical height increase. In addition, cerabone® and maxresorb® blocks remained highly rigid and their damping behaviour was not influenced by the water. On the other hand, both maxgraft® and Puros® had a strong increase in their molecular mobility with different damping behaviour profiles during the wet state. A high-speed microscopical imaging system was used to analyze the hydrophilicity in several naturally derived (cerabone®, Bio-Oss®, NuOss®, SIC® nature graft) and synthetic DBGS granules (maxresorb®, BoneCeramic®, NanoBone®, Ceros®). The highest level of hydrophilicity was detected in cerabone® and maxresorb®, while Bio-Oss® and BoneCeramic® had the lowest level of hydrophilicity among both naturally derived and synthetic DBGS groups. Deviations among the DBGS were also addressed via physicochemical differences recorded by Micro Computed Tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray powder Diffractometry, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Such DBGS variations could influence the volume stability at the grafting site, handling as well as the speed of vascularization and bone regeneration. Therefore, this study initiates a new insight into the DBGS differences and their importance for successful clinical results. KW - Biomaterials KW - Bone grafting KW - Bone substitutes KW - Hydrophilicity KW - Mechanical analysis PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-439890 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020215 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - Article 215, 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI AG CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-43989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Poologasundarampilai, G. A1 - Brauer, D. S. T1 - Sintering and concomitant crystallization of bioactive glasses N2 - The sintering of bioactive glasses allows for the preparation of complex structures, such as three‐dimensional porous scaffolds. Such 3D constructs are particularly interesting for clinical applications of bioactive glasses in bone regeneration, as the scaffolds can act as a guide for in‐growing bone cells, allowing for good Integration with existing and newly formed tissue while the scaffold slowly degrades. Owing to the pronounced tendency of many bioactive glasses to crystallize upon heat treatment, 3D scaffolds have not been much exploited commercially. Here, we investigate the influence of crystallization on the sintering behavior of several bioactive glasses. In a series of mixed‐alkali glasses an increased CaO/alkali metal oxide Ratio improved sintering compared to Bioglass 45S5, where dense sintering was inhibited. Addition of small amounts of calcium fluoride helped to keep melting and sintering temperatures low. Unlike glass 13‐93, these new glasses crystallized during sintering but this did not prevent densification. Variation in bioactive glass particle size allowed for fine‐tuning the microporosity resulting from the sintering process. KW - Bioactive glass KW - Crystallization KW - Scaffolds KW - Sintering PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-485458 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.13477 SN - 2041-1286 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 449 EP - 462 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-48545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Gaiselmann, G. A1 - Osenberg, M. A1 - Bohner, J. A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Wieder, F. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Banhart, J. A1 - Schmidt, V. A1 - Lehnert, W. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - Three-dimensional study of compressed gas diffusion layers using synchrotron X-ray imaging N2 - We present a synchrotron X-ray tomographic study on the morphology of carbon fiber-based gas diffusion layer (GDL) material under compression. A dedicated compression device is used to provide well-defined compression conditions. A flat compression punch is employed to study the fiber geometry at different degrees of compression. Transport relevant geometrical parameters such as porosity, pore size and tortuosity distributions are calculated. The geometric properties notably change upon compression which has direct impact on transport conditions for gas and fluid flow. The availability of broad 3D paths, which are most important for the transport of liquid water from the catalyst layer through the GDL, is markedly reduced after compression. In a second experiment, we study the influence of the channel-land-pattern of the flow-field on shape and microstructure of the GDL. A flow-field compression punch is employed to reproduce the inhomogeneous compression conditions found during fuel cell assembly. While homogenously compressed underneath the land the GDL is much less and inhomogeneously compressed under the channel. The GDL material extends far into the channel volume where it can considerably influence gas and fluid flow. Loose fiber endings penetrate deeply into the channel and form obstacles for the discharge of liquid water droplets. KW - Synchrotron X-ray tomography KW - Gas diffusion layer (GDL) KW - Microstructure KW - Water transport path KW - Pore size analysis KW - Geometrical tortuosity PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.062 SN - 0378-7753 VL - 253 SP - 123 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-29979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cabeza, Sandra A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Pereyra, R. A1 - Fernández, R. A1 - González-Doncel, G. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evidence of damage evolution during creep of Al–Mg alloy using synchrotron X-ray refraction N2 - In order to provide further evidence of damage mechanisms predicted by the recent solid-state transformation creep (SSTC) model, direct observation of damage accumulation during creep of Al–3.85Mg was made using synchrotron X-ray refraction. X-ray refraction techniques detect the internal specific surface (i.e. surface per unit volume) on a length scale comparable to the specimen size, but with microscopic sensitivity. A significant rise in the internal specific surface with increasing creep time was observed, providing evidence for the creation of a fine grain substructure, as predicted by the SSTC model. This substructure was also observed by scanning electron microscopy KW - Aluminium alloys KW - Creep KW - Damage KW - Synchrotron X-ray refraction KW - Electron microscopy KW - subgrain structure PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576718001449 SN - 1600-5767 VL - 51 SP - 420 EP - 427 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-44619 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Laquai, René A1 - Nellesen, J. A1 - Tillmann, W. A1 - Kasperovich, G. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Microstructure characterisation of advanced materials via 2D and 3D X-ray refraction techniques N2 - 3D imaging techniques have an enormous potential to understand the microstructure, its evolution, and its link to mechanical, thermal, and transport properties. In this conference paper we report the use of a powerful, yet not so wide-spread, set of X-ray techniques based on refraction effects. X-ray refraction allows determining internal specific surface (surface per unit volume) in a non-destructive fashion, position and orientation sensitive, and with a nanometric detectability. We demonstrate showcases of ceramics and composite materials, where microstructural parameters could be achieved in a way unrivalled even by high-resolution techniques such as electron microscopy or computed tomography. We present in situ analysis of the damage evolution in an Al/Al2O3 metal matrix composite during tensile load and the identification of void formation (different kinds of defects, particularly unsintered powder hidden in pores, and small inhomogeneity’s like cracks) in Ti64 parts produced by selective laser melting using synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography and tomography. T2 - THERMEC 2018: 10TH international conference on processing and manufacturing of advanced materials CY - Paris, France DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Additive manufacturing (AM) KW - Creep KW - Damage evolution KW - Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography KW - Metal matrix composites PY - 2018 UR - https://www.scientific.net/MSF.941.2401 SN - 978-3-0357-1208-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.941.2401 SN - 1662-9752 SN - 0255-5476 VL - 941 SP - 2401 EP - 2406 PB - Trans Tech Publications CY - Switzerland AN - OPUS4-47148 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Gaiselmann, G. A1 - Osenberg, M. A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Schmidt, V. A1 - Lehnert, W. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - Influence of hydrophobic treatment on the structure of compressed gas diffusion layers N2 - Carbon fiber based felt materials are widely used as gas diffusion layer (GDL) in fuel cells. Their transport properties can be adjusted by adding hydrophobic agents such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). We present a synchrotron X-ray tomographic study on the felt material Freudenberg H2315 with different PTFE finishing. In this study, we analyze changes in microstructure and shape of GDLs at increasing degree of compression which are related to their specific PTFE load. A dedicated compression device mimicking the channel-land pattern of the flowfield is used to reproduce the inhomogeneous compression found in a fuel cell. Transport relevant geometrical parameters such as porosity, pore size distribution and geometric tortuosity are calculated and consequences for media transport discussed. PTFE finishing results in a marked change of shape of compressed GDLs: surface is smoothed and the invasion of GDL fibers into the flow field channel strongly mitigated. Furthermore, the PTFE impacts the microstructure of the compressed GDL. The number of available wide transport paths is significantly increased as compared to the untreated material. These changes improve the transport capacity liquid water through the GDL and promote the discharge of liquid water droplets from the cell. KW - Gas diffusion layer KW - Synchrotron Tomography KW - Compression KW - Hydrophobic treatment KW - Water transport PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.118 SN - 0378-7753 VL - 324 SP - 625 EP - 636 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-36918 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, P. A1 - Zäh, M. A1 - Schönlein, A. A1 - Müller, A. A1 - Vatahska, T. A1 - Manier, G. A1 - Reichert, T. ED - White, C. C. ED - Martin, J. ED - Chapin, J.T. T1 - Polypropylene numerical photoageing simulation by dose-response functions with respect to irradiation and temperature: vipquali project N2 - The aim of the joint project ViPQuali (Virtual Product Qualification) was to describe a component’s ageing behaviour in a given environment, by numerical simulation. Having chosen polypropylene (PP) as the material, which does not show sensitivity to moisture, the relevant weathering parameters of the dose–response functions could be limited to spectral irradiance and temperature. In artificial irradiation tests, for PP plates of varied stabiliser content, spectral sensitivity as well as temperature dependence of irradiation-caused crack formation was quantified. For that purpose, samples were exposed both to artificial weathering tests at various constant temperatures and to spectrally resolved irradiation. The temperature dependence could be modelled by an Arrhenius fit. For fitting the spectral sensitivity, a plateau function was chosen. Subsequently, the stabiliser content was parameterised and extrapolated. The formed dose–response functions were incorporated into a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software program, simulating the environment of a sample within a Phoenix-exposed IP/DP (Instrument Panel/Door Panel box) box, based on sun position and weather conditions, including radiation interactions. Observed local effects as well as the general ageing advance of PP hats are compared with respect to simulation and experiment. Resulting from this project, for this most simple example of PP of varied stabiliser content, the time to failure can be estimated for each weathering exposure environment with known time-resolved irradiance and temperature conditions. PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-06033-0 SN - 978-3-319-06034-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06034-7_14 SP - Chapter 14, 215 EP - 229 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-32062 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hsuan, Y.G. A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Rowe, K. A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Greenwood, J. A1 - Cazzuffi, D. A1 - Koerner, R.M. ED - Neil Dixon, T1 - Long-term performance and lifetime prediction of geosynthetics N2 - To properly understand and assess the long-term behaviour of geosynthetic materials it is necessary to investigate the various types of possible degradation mechanims. This includes both chemical and mechanical behaviour, and sometimes even their interactions with one another. Clearly, chemical degradation of geosynthetics depends on the polymer type. For example, polyolefins are vulnerable to oxidation; polyesters are susceptible to hydrolysis; and plasticizers can leach from polyvinyl chloride. This paper describes the concept of these three types of degradation, but focuses on the oxidation of polyolefins since the majority of the geosynthetics is made from this type of polymer. The methods used to predict the lifetime of antioxidants and service life of the geosynthetic material will be illustrated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, pressure, and ultraviolet light on the service life are also demonstrated. Finally, the current specifications targeting the longevity of different geosynthetics are presented. Regarding mechanical degradation, the paper mainly focuses upon the creep deformation of geogrids and stress crack resistance (SCR) of polyethylene geomembranes and geopipe. The method to assess stress crack resistance is described, and the microscopic mechanisms that lead to such failure are explained. For creep evaluation, different acceleration tests are presented and their applicability with respect to the different types of polymers is illustrated. In addition, the long-term shear behaviour of geocomposites and geosynthetic clay liners is presented. T2 - 4th European Geosynthetics Conference - EuroGeo4 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK DA - 2008-09-07 KW - Geosynthetic KW - Durability KW - Degradation KW - Antioxidant KW - Weathering PY - 2008 SP - 1 EP - 41 AN - OPUS4-17975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rack, A. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Zabler, S. A1 - Weitkamp, T. A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Weidemann, Gerd A1 - Modregger, P. A1 - Banhart, J. A1 - Helfen, L. A1 - Danilewsky, A.N. A1 - Gräber, H.G. A1 - Heldele, R. A1 - Mayzel, B. A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Baumbach, T. ED - Stuart R. Stock, T1 - The high-resolution synchrotron-based imaging stations at the BAMline (BESSY) and TopoTomo (ANKA) N2 - The BAMline at the BESSY light source in Berlin and the TopoTomo beamline at the ANKA synchrotron facility in Karlsruhe (both Germany) operate in the hard X-ray regime (above 6 keV) with similiar photon flux density. For typical imaging applications, a double multilayer monochromator or a filtered white beam is used. In order to optimise the field of view and the resolution of the available indirect pixel detectors, different optical systems have been installed, adapted, respectively, to a large field of view (macroscope) and to high spatial resolution (microscope). They can be combined with different camera systems, ranging from 16-bit dynamic range slow-scan CCDs to fast CMOS cameras. The spatial resolution can be brought substantially beyond the micrometer limit by using a Bragg magnifier. The moderate flux of both beamlines compared to other 3rd generation light sources is compensated by a dedicated scintillator concept. For selected applications, X-ray beam collimation has proven to be a reliable approach to increase the available photon flux density. Absorption contrast, phase contrast, holotomography and refraction-enhanced imaging are used depending on the application. Additionally, at the TopoTomo beamline digital white beam synchrotron topography is performed, using the digital X-ray pixel detectors installed. KW - Microtomography KW - Non-destructive evaluation KW - Coherent imaging KW - X-ray refraction KW - X-ray phase contrast KW - Synchrotron-CT KW - Synchrotron instrumentation KW - Scintillator KW - Bragg magnification KW - Holotomography KW - X-ray topography PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.793721 SN - 0277-786X VL - 7078 SP - 70780X-1 - 70780X-9 AN - OPUS4-18296 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wipfler, B. A1 - Machida, R. A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Beutel, R.G. T1 - On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia N2 - External and internal head structures of adults of Galloisiana yuasai (Grylloblattodea) are described. The results are compared with conditions found in representatives of other lower neopteran lineages, notably in Austrophasma and Karoophasma (both Mantophasmatodea). Sutures and ridges of the head capsule are discussed. A new nomenclature for head muscles is presented for the entire Dicondylia (= Zygentoma + Pterygota). Galloisiana (like its sister taxon Grylloblatta) is mostly characterized by plesiomorphic features, such as the largely unspecialized orthopteroid mouthparts, the multisegmented filiform antennae, the presence of trabeculae tentorii, the absence of muscles associated with the antennal ampullae, the presence of musculus stipitalis transversalis (0mx11) and the presence of musculus tentoriofrontalis anterior (0te2). Autapomorphies of Grylloblattodea are: (i) compound eyes composed of only 60 ommatidia or less; (ii) a lacinia with a proximal tooth; (iii) a rounded submentum; (iv) loss of musculus craniohypopharyngealis (0hy3); and (v) loss of musculus labroepipharyngealis (0lb5). The phylogenetic evaluation of 104 characters of the head yields a branching pattern with Grylloblattodea as a sister group of Mantophasmatodea in clade Xenonomia. Putative synapomorphies of both taxa are: (i) a distinct angle (more than 60°) between the submentum and the mentum; (ii) posteriorly oriented labial palpi; (iii) a flat and lobe-like hypopharynx with a suspensorium far ventrad of the anatomical mouth opening; (iv) loss of musculus tentorioparaglossalis (0la6); and (v) a connection between the antennal ampulla and the supraoesophageal ganglion containing nuclei. Xenonomia is placed in a clade with the two dictyopteran terminals. Another monophyletic group is Embioptera + Phasmatodea. Most branches of the single tree obtained in our analysis are weakly supported. The results clearly show that more data and a much broader taxon sampling are required to clarify the phylogenetic interrelationships of the lower neopteran orders. However, our results narrow down the spectrum of possible solutions, and represent a starting point for future phylogenetic analyses, with an extensive concatenated dataset. KW - X-ray computed tomography KW - Grylloblattodea KW - Dicondylia PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x SN - 0307-6970 VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 241 EP - 266 PB - Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-23190 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, M. A1 - Kaiser, Martin A1 - Stachowski, G.M. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Gaponik, N. A1 - Eychmüller, A. T1 - Photoluminescence quantum yield and matrix-induced luminescence enhancement of colloidal quantum dots embedded in ionic crystals N2 - The incorporation of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into solid matrices, especially ionic salts, holds several advantages for industrial applications. Here, we demonstrated via absolute measurements of photoluminescence quantum yields (PL-QY) that the photoluminescence of aqueous CdTe QDs can be considerably increased upon incorporation into a salt matrix with a simple crystallization procedure. Enhancement factors of up to 2.8 and a PL-QY of 50 to 80%, both in NaCl crystals and incorporated in silicone matrices, were reached. The fact that the achievable PL enhancement factors depend strongly on PL-QY of the parent QDs can be described by the change of the dielectric surrounding and the passivation of the QD surface, modifying radiative and nonradiative rate constants. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed noncorrelating PL lifetimes and PL-QY, suggesting that weakly emissive QDs of the ensemble are more affected by the enhancement mechanism, thereby influencing PL-QY and PL lifetime in a different manner. PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5009043 SN - 0897-4756 SN - 1520-5002 VL - 26 IS - 10 SP - 3231 EP - 3237 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-31074 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -