TY - GEN
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Müller, L.
A1 - Traub, Heike
A1 - Esteban-Fernández, D.
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Herrmann, Antje
A1 - Schellenberger, E.
A1 - Theuring, F.
A1 - Kneipp, Janina
T1 - Imaging by laser ablation ICP-MS
N2 - ICP-MS is a well-established analytical method which excels by high accuracy, high dynamic range and extremely low limits of detection for most metals. Furthermore ICP-MS offers a very high multi-element coverage so that many elements of the periodic table can be detected simultaneously. In this series of lectures, we want to focus on the historical developments, fundamentals, instrumentation and novel applications of ICP-MS in the life and material sciences.
T2 - Ringvorlesung Analytik
CY - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
DA - 23.06.2017
KW - Laser ablation ICP-MS
KW - Bio-Imaging
PY - 2017
AN - OPUS4-40757
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Albert, F.
A1 - Baum, S.
A1 - Goecke, S.
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Sievi, P.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Nahtgeführtes Laserstrahl-Remoteschweißen mit Strahloszillation - Beeinflussung der Schweißnahtanmutung, der Schweißnahtgeometrie und der Spaltüberbrückbarkeit
PY - 2013
SN - 0036-7184
VL - 65
IS - 9
SP - 631
EP - 635
PB - Verl. für Schweißen u. Verwandte Verfahren, DVS-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-29300
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - Further Development of Odour Testing of Building Products – Sample Presentation and Evaluation of Perceived Intensity
N2 - Indoor air quality is affected by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) or the odour from building products. Odours can be measured by applying the standard ISO 16000-28:2020.
In the study presented here proposals for further technical development of the ISO method are presented. The sampling procedure and evaluation
method of the perceived intensity are investigated in particular because they have a major influence on reproducibility of measurement results.
T2 - 17th International Conference HEALTHY BUILDINGS EUROPE 2021
CY - Online meeting
DA - 21.06.2021
KW - Geruchsmessung
KW - Emissionen
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - VOC
KW - Perceived Intensity
PY - 2021
SN - 978-82-536-1728-2
VL - 2021
SP - 1
EP - 4
PB - SINTEF Books
CY - Oslo, Norwegen
AN - OPUS4-54574
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - New developments in odour testing: Adapter connects emission test chamber and funnel
N2 - Healthy and energy efficient buildings must be free from disturbing odours. Odour emissions from building materials can be measured with the well-known and accepted standard ISO 16000-28 “Indoor air – Part 28: Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers”. For commonly used emission test chambers the sample air is collected in containers (bags) and presented to a group of panel members for the purpose of evaluating the odour. A standard sets requirements for the on-demand presentation in detail. These include the validation procedure for container materials, pre-treatment of bags, details on storage of filled bags and how to carry out the measurements. However, although these measures are proven in practice, incorrect measurements are still possible. Also errors can occur due to a very complex measurement procedure. So, there is a great need for research into how the odour samples are presented.
The proposal planned to be presented will introduce a new development in sample provision by using an adapter which enables collection and provision of sample air without storage or transport of bags. The adapter is a sample container which is permanently positioned on the emission test chamber´s outlet and continuously filled with sample air flowing through it. The flow is briefly interrupted at the time when a sample is taken by a panel member for the test.
The size of the container is sufficient to provide enough sample air for evaluation by at least one panel member via a funnel. Since sampling and presentation are technically connected, it means you can almost do away with storage or transportation and thus it can be presented almost unchanged to the panelmembers. The aim is to reduce measurement errors in the odour samples provision process and the improvement of measurement reproducibility. The paper presents the construction of the adapter as well as the results of emission and odour tests carried out so far.
T2 - CLIMA 2022 The 14th REHVA HVAC World Congress
CY - Rotterdam, The Netherlands
DA - 22.05.2022
KW - Perceived Intensity
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556192
DO - https://doi.org/10.34641/clima.2022.168
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - TU Delft open
CY - Delft, Niederlande
AN - OPUS4-55619
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - Odour testing of building products: Examinations for an on-going development of the test standard ISO 16000-28
N2 - VOC-emissions and their odours from building products and furnishings present indoors should not have an impact on personal well-being or health. Odours can be measured by applying the standard ISO 16000-28. Indoor air determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers. One of the described procedures is the assessment of perceived intensity using a comparative scale by a group of panellists. In this paper, the perceived intensity sampling procedure and its evaluation method are investigated and shown to need improvement. New technical developments in the methodology used to increase the reproducibility of measurement results are discussed. Since odour tests are used for labelling, they have a major influence on the assessment of construction products, similar to the procedure of the German Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products (AgBB). In the original ISO standard, the evaluation is typically performed using a sampling container separated from the emission chamber. For a better sample presentation, an adapter was developed to connect the emission test chamber to the evaluation funnel and thus enable an odour assessment which is comparable to a direct measurement. The investigations show that losses of odourous substances can be greatly reduced, which is very desirable when seeking to obtain reliable results in odour measurement. Another experimental series was carried out to reduce the measurement effort in the evaluation of perceived intensity. Application of the developed greater than or less than/equal to. query could be helpful here. The results show that the query mostly leads to the same result as the evaluation of the perceived intensity using the method according to the standard but is much easier to perform. Overall, the results can contribute to improving the acceptance of the evaluation of perceived intensity using ISO 16000-28 and to determining odours from building materials increasingly more precisely.
T2 - Healthy Buildings 2023 Europe
CY - Aachen, Germany
DA - 11.06.2023
KW - Building material
KW - Odour
KW - Perceived intensity
KW - VOC
KW - Emission test chamber
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580070
SP - 345
EP - 352
PB - ISIAQ (International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate)
CY - Herndon, VA, USA
AN - OPUS4-58007
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Jakob, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Häringer, D.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Loubet, F.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by means of sensor systems, the European Project SysPAQ
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - Sensor systems
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Perceived intensity
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 326
SP - 1
EP - 4
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-20106
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
T1 - Weiterentwicklung des Geruchsmessverfahrens für Bauprodukte
T1 - Further development of the odour measurement method for building products
N2 - Bauprodukte und Einrichtungsgegenstände für Innenräume, wie Bodenbeläge und Wandpaneele, sollen das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit der Raumnutzerinnen und -nutzer nicht durch das Ausdünsten von Geruchsstoffen stören. Mit der Geruchsprüfung nach ISO 16000-28 „Innenraumluft - Bestimmung der Geruchsstoffemissionen aus Bauprodukten mit einer Emissionsprüfkammer“ wird der Produktgeruch zu einer messbaren Größe. So kann z. B. die empfundene Intensität, also die Stärke eines Geruchseindruckes, mit Hilfe eines Vergleichsmaßstabes von Probandinnen und Probanden ermittelt werden. Im hier vorgestellten Projekt werden Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung der Methode vorgestellt, um im Ergebnis die Reproduzierbarkeit der Messergebnisse weiter zu verbessern. Dabei werden vor allem das Probenpräsentationssystem und die Bewertungsmethodik für die empfundene Intensität bei der Bewertung von Bauprodukten gemäß AgBB-Schema betrachtet, da diese einen wesentlichen Einfluss haben.
N2 - Emissions or odours occurring from building products and furnishings for interiors, like floor coverings or wall panels, should not have a negative impact on well-being or health. Odours can be measured applying the standard ISO 16000-28 „Indoor air - Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers” It describes among other procedures the assessment of perceived intensi-ty with comparative scale by a group of panellists. In the study presented here, proposals for further technical development of the methodology are discussed to increase the reproducibility of measurement results. The sampling procedure and evaluation method of perceived intensity are investigated in particular because they have a major influence at the assessment of construction products applying the procedure of the Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products.
KW - Geruchsmessung
KW - Emissionen
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - VOC
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527458
UR - http://www.gefahrstoffe.de
SN - 0949-8036
SN - 1436-4891
VL - 81
IS - 3-4
SP - 151
EP - 155
PB - VDI Fachmedien
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-52745
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dal Molin, E. S.
A1 - Henning, L. M.
A1 - Müller, J. T.
A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Bekheet, M. F.
A1 - Gurlo, A.
A1 - Simon, U.
T1 - Robocasting of ordered mesoporous silica‐based monoliths: Rheological, textural, and mechanical characterization
N2 - Hierarchically porous, high‐surface‐area silica materials are excellent candidates for multiple applications like catalysis and environmental remediation. Shaping these materials with additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, like robocasting, could enable their use with the benefit of on‐demand, customized shaping and maximizing performance. Herein, ordered mesoporous silica COK‐12 slurries were robocasted into monoliths, containing different ratios of uncalcined COK‐12 and sodium bentonite (0–25 wt.%). The rheology of the mixed slurries is characterized by lower flow indexes (0.69 vs. 0.32) and higher yield stresses (96 vs. 259 Pa) compared to pure COK‐12 ones. Monoliths were printed in woodpile structures and calcined at 600°C. Micro‐CT measurements showed a linear shrinkage of 25% after calcination. Mechanical characterization showed increased uniaxial strength (0.20 ± 0.07 to 1.0 ± 0.3 MPa) with increasing binder/solids ratio from 13 to 25%. The amorphous, mesoporous structure of COK‐12 was retained. The structures exhibited open porosities of 52 ± 4% and showed higher specific mesopore volumes, and increased average mesopore size (6 vs. 8 nm) compared to COK‐12. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering analysis revealed an increased lattice parameter (10.3 vs. 11.0 nm) and reduced wall thickness (3.1 nm vs. 4.1 nm) of the COK‐12 in the monoliths. These properties indicate suitability for their application as porous supports and adsorbents.
KW - Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - OMS
KW - Porous materials
KW - Robocasting
KW - X-ray scattering
KW - MOUSE
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582503
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300109
VL - 4
IS - 11-12
SP - 615
EP - 631
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
AN - OPUS4-58250
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Seher, Julia
A1 - Rübner, Katrin
A1 - Müller, Constanze
A1 - Martin, F.
A1 - Pniok, N.
A1 - Dreisow, B.
ED - Döring, I.
ED - Villagran Zaccardi, Y.
ED - Müller, A.
T1 - Lightweight aggregates made from construction and demolition waste - Application in lightweight concrete and mortars
N2 - Heterogeneous construction and demolition waste can be used as raw material to produce lightweight aggregates (LWA) similar to expanded clays. In the joint research project “REALight”, LWA were produced from masonry rubble in a thermal expanding process using a pilot production plant with a rotary kiln. Our research focuses on the characterisation of the novel LWA and their use in different hydraulically bound applications.
Infra-lightweight concrete (ILC) was produced with the novel LWA, which accounts for two thirds of total aggregate volume, and Celitement, which is a hydraulic binder with a low carbon footprint. Its dry bulk density is ≤ 800 kg/m³. Strength and durability properties are comparable to ILC data from the literature.
Lime-based repair mortars (LRM) containing LWA are beneficial for sandstone conservation due to their similar properties regarding porosity, water absorption and strength. A two-layer repair mortar system, which consists of a filling mortar to fill large voids and a covering mortar to modulate the surface texture to the historic sandstone, was developed.
In our contribution, we present results of the LWA characterisation according to the European standard EN 13055:2016. Requirements and challenges of the use of the novel LWA in ILC and LRM are discussed.
T2 - V International Conference Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment
CY - Weimar, Germany
DA - 10.10.2023
KW - CDW recycling
KW - Lightweight aggreagtes
KW - Lightweight concrete
KW - Masonry rubble
KW - Repair mortar
PY - 2023
SN - 978-2-35158-238-1
VL - PRO 137
SP - 85
EP - 92
PB - RILEM Publications S.A.R.L.
CY - Champs-sur-Marne, Frankreich
AN - OPUS4-58991
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Burgstedt, F.
A1 - Brode, W.
T1 - Hochtemperatur shape screening keramischer Bauteile
N2 - Ziel des Projekts war die Entwicklung eines Laser-Messmoduls, mit dessen Hilfe die Formänderung keramischer Bauteile während des Sinterns erfasst werden kann. Dabei sollten durch eine kontinuierliche und simultane Vermessung der Probenkontur und der Oberflächentemperatur während des Brennprozesses neue Daten zum Sinterverhalten gewonnen werden, die u. a. auch eine FE-Modellierung dieser komplexen Prozesse überprüfen und ergänzen können. Dieses Ziel sollte am Beispiel großformatiger niedrig sinternder keramischer Folien für LTCC-Anwendungen verfolgt werden.
KW - Keramikherstellung
KW - Sintern
KW - Formmessung
KW - Kontur
KW - Lasermesstechnik
PY - 2010
UR - http://edok01.tib.uni-hannover.de/edoks/e01fb12/685831345.pdf
N1 - Schlussbericht (AZ: II D 5 – 25/06) zum Projekt im Rahmen des Programms "Unterstützung kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen bei der Umsetzung von Innovationen in den Bereichen Messen, Normen, Prüfen und Qualitätssicherung" (MNPQ-Transfer) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie
SP - 1
EP - 54
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-28373
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Schadrack, Reinhard
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Burgstedt, F.
A1 - Brode, W.
A1 - Reetz, R.
T1 - High-temperature laser profilometry for ceramic tapes
N2 - Advanced ceramics are promising key components for microsystems
engineering, communication Technology and medical engineering.
Driven by steadiiy increasing demands on dimensional accuracy of
components and Integration density, sintering has to be controlled at
an unprecedented degree of precision.
Being most crucial for components of complex shape, graded or heterogeneous-composed parts like LTCC multilayers for microsystems, precise control of sintering has a decisive influence on the dimensional accuracy, mechanical integrity and reliability of sintered components.
Thus, permanent or temporary shape distortions or warping during sintering may result from spatially heterogeneous microstructure and
temperature distribution, e.g. during the co-firing process of green
multilayer Stacks printed with metallization and other functional pastes.
Whereas permanent warping can be easily measured after sintering, temporary warping during firing is more difficult to measure. Nonetheless, this effect may cause latent failures later, which often limit the applicability of ceramic components.
PY - 2013
SN - 0173-9913
SN - 0196-6219
VL - 90
IS - 4
SP - E35
EP - E40
PB - Göller
CY - Baden-Baden
AN - OPUS4-28500
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Marzok, Ulrich
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Schadrack, Reinhard
A1 - Krauhausen, M.
A1 - Burgstedt, F.
A1 - Brode, W.
A1 - Reetz, R.
ED - Kriegesmann, J.
T1 - Hochtemperatur-Laserprofilometrie an keramischen Bauteilen
N2 - Es wurde ein Gerät zur In-situ-Kontrolle des Sinterns keramischer Bauteile mit Hilfe der Hochtemperatur-Lasertriangulation aufgebaut. Durch Rotation der Probe und gleichzeitiger Positionierung des Laserabstandssensors erfolgt die dreidimensionale Erfassung der Topografie der Probenoberfläche. Derzeit können flache Proben mit den Maßen < 20 cm x 20 cm x 1 cm bis 1000 °C untersucht werden. Die örtliche Wiederholpräzision des verwendeten Lasersensors beträgt 10 µm bei 20 °C und 15 µm bei 1000 °C. Die lineare Positioniergenauigkeit des Sensors liegt bei 1 µm, die Winkelauflösung der Drehung des Probentellers beträgt 0,0025 °. Daten für ein 3D-Oberflächenprofil werden in etwa 2 bis 3 Minuten erzeugt. Spezielle Linienprofile erhält man bei einer Messzeit von wenigen Sekunden.
N2 - A device was designed for the in situ monitoring of sintering of ceramic components using high-temperature laser triangulation. By simultaneous rotation of the sample and positioning of the laser distance sensor at the same time a three-dimensional detection of the topography of the sample surface could be achieved. Currently, flat samples with dimensions < 20 cm x 20 cm x 1 cm can be examined up to 1000 °C. The local repeatability precision of the laser sensor used is 10 µm at 20 °C and 15 µm at 1000 °C. The linear positioning accuracy of the sensor is 1 µm, the angular resolution of the rotation of the sample plate is 0.0025 °. Data for a 3D surface profile can be obtained in about 2 to 3 minutes. Specific line profiles can be received at a measurement time of a few seconds.
PY - 2013
SN - 978-3-938595-00-8
VL - 135
IS - Kap. 6.3.1.0
PB - HvB-Verlag
CY - Ellerau
AN - OPUS4-28967
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Saathoff, F.
A1 - Müller, Werner
A1 - Witt, K. J.
T1 - Neue Regelungen im Deponiebau
N2 - Die neue Deponieverordnung fordert Zulassungen für Geokunststoffe, die in Deponiedichtungssystemen eingesetzt werden. Diese gesetzliche Vorgabe führt dazu, dass in nationalen Regelwerken und Empfehlungen neue Vorgehensweisen verankert werden müssen. Zulassungsstelle ist die BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung. Zuständig für die entsprechenden GDA Empfehlungen ist die UAG-Ak 5.1-6.1. Der Beitrag zeigt die Neuerungen, aber auch die Ausnahmeregelungen. Auf der Grundlage der Deponieverordnung hat die BAM einen Fachbeirat zusammengerufen, der verschiedene Arbeitsgruppen eingerichtet hat, um Zulassungsrichtlinie für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, Schutzschichten, Geotextilien zum Filtern und Trennen sowie Bewehrungsgitter aus Kunststoff zu erarbeiten oder zu aktualisieren. Die Zulassungsanforderungen lehnen sich wiederum eng an GDA- und EAG-Empfehlungen an. In dem Beitrag wird der Stand der Fachdiskussion in den Arbeitsgruppen erläutert.
KW - Deponieverordnung
KW - Geokunststoffe
KW - GDA-Empfehlung
KW - EDA-Empfehlung
KW - BAM-Zulassung
PY - 2011
SN - 0172-6145
SN - 1865-7362
SN - 2190-6653
IS - Sonderheft 2011
SP - 53
EP - 57
PB - VGE Verl. GmbH
CY - Essen
AN - OPUS4-24273
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Saathoff, F.
A1 - Cantré, S.
A1 - Müller, Werner
ED - Ziegler, M.
ED - Bräu, G.
ED - Heerten, G.
ED - Laackmann, K.
T1 - Modified filtration criteria for non-woven geotextiles in landfill construction
N2 - The German landfill ordinance includes a certification requirement for geosynthetics used in landfill liner and capping systems. The certification guidelines describe the basis for the design of geosynthetics used in landfill construction. According to the rules which are usually applied, the thickness of the filter geotextile has to be at least 30 times the characteristic opening size O90. Filter geotextiles which are often used in geocomposite drains have a mass per area of 200 g/m² and do not fulfill this requirement.
In this paper modified filter criteria for geosynthetics are presented with a particular focus on These geotextile filters in geocomposite drains.
T2 - 10th International conference on geosynthetics
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 21.09.2014
KW - Filtration criteria
KW - Drainage
KW - Geotextile
KW - Non-woven
KW - Landfill
KW - Certification guidelines
PY - 2014
SN - 978-3-9813953-9-6
SP - 1
EP - 7
AN - OPUS4-31578
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wang, Y.
A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander
A1 - Schmidt, F.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Schwitalla, A.D.
T1 - Micro-CT analysis and mechanical properties of low dimensional CFR-PEEK specimens additively manufactured by material extrusion
N2 - Material extrusion of thermoplastic polymers enables the realization of complex specific designs with high performance composites. The present study aims at evaluating the mechanical properties of carbon fiberreinforced semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK) manufactured by material extrusion and correlating them with results obtained by micro-CT. Samples in the shape of small bars were provided by Kumovis (Munich, Germany). The determination of surface roughness and density was followed by three-point bending tests. To reveal the pore distribution as well as the fusion quality of CFR PEEK when applied with external forces, micro-CT scans were performed with an X-ray microscope before and after the mechanical test to localize the sites where the fracture is generated. The density of CFR-PEEK bars indicated that they had superior mechanical properties compared with our previous study on unfilled 3D printed PEEK (bending modulus: (5.4 ± 0.5) GPa vs. (1.05 ± 0.05) GPa to (1.48 ± 0.10) GPa; bending strength: (167 ± 11) MPa vs. (51 ± 15) to (193 ± 7) MPa). Micro-CT analyses revealed the local 3D-distribution of voids. Voids of 30 μm diameter are nearly spherical and make up the main part of the total porosity. The larger the voids, the more they deviate from a spherical shape. Significant lack-of-fusion voids are located between the deposited filaments. By growing and merging, they act as seeds for the forming fracture line in the region of the flexural specimens where the maximum local tensile stresses occurred under bending load. Our work provides a detailed analysis of printed PEEK with fiber additive and relates this with mechanical properties.
KW - CFR-PEEK
KW - Material extrusion (MEX)
KW - FFF
KW - Surface topography
KW - Bending property
KW - Micro-CT
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106085
SN - 1751-6161
VL - 146
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-58112
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Marco
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
ED - Danny Van Hemelrijck,
ED - Igor Solodov,
ED - Anastasopoulos, Athanasios
ED - Gerhard Busse,
T1 - Synchrotron-Refraction-Computed-Tomography for NDT and characterisation of lightweight composite materials
T2 - 4th International Conference of Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing (ETNDT 4)
CY - Stuttgart, Germany
DA - 2007-04-02
KW - Refraction
KW - Computed Tomography
KW - NDE
KW - Ti-MMC
PY - 2008
SN - 978-0-415-46476-5
SP - 217
EP - 221
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London, UK
AN - OPUS4-18680
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - Micro Crack Characterization of Metal Matrix Composites by 3D-Refraction-Computed-Tomography
T2 - 16th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing
CY - Montreal, Canada
DA - 2004-08-30
KW - NDE
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Composites
KW - MMC
PY - 2004
SP - 9 pages
PB - International Committee for Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Montreal
AN - OPUS4-5486
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - X-Ray Refraction Topography and Computed Tomography for NDE of Lightweight Materials
T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 2006-09-25
KW - Synchrotron Refraction CT
KW - MMC
KW - Bragg-Magnification
PY - 2006
SN - 3-931381-86-2
SP - 1(?)
EP - 9(?)
PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-13703
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - Refraction computed tomography - Application to metal matrix composites
N2 - Erstmals wurden MMCs mit Hilfe der Interface-Kontrast verstärkenden Röntgen-Refraktions-Technik in Kombination mit der 3D-CT-Technik untersucht. Die Methode der Röntgen-Refraktions-Topography sowie der Röntgen-Refraktions-Tomography wurden in den letzten Jahren speziell für die zerstörungsfreie Charakterisierung von Leichtbau-Hochleistungs-Werkstoffen wie Verbund-Werkstoffen und Keramiken entwickelt. Die Technik basiert auf der Refraktion von Röntgenlicht an Grenzflächen zwischen Bereichen unterschiedlicher Elektronendichte wie z.B. Faser- und Matrix-Werkstoff. Auf Grund der kurzen Röntgen-Wellenlänge hat der Brechungsindex einen Wert dicht bei eins, sodass der Streuwinkel nur wenige Bogenminuten beträgt. Der Vorteil der kurzen Wellenlänge besteht jedoch darin, dass Poren und Risse detektiert werden können, deren Größe im Nanometerbereich liegen. Damit kann die Refraktions-Technik zum besseren Verständnis von Mikro- und Submikro-Strukturen in der Materialwissenschaft eingesetzt werden. Mit der hier vorgestellten Refraktions-CT wurden Ermüdungsmechanismen an MMCs, bestehend aus SiC-Faser verstärktem Titan (Ti6242) untersucht. Die Messungen wurden am Röntgen-Messplatz der BAM (BAMline) am Synchrotron-Speicherring-BESSY in Berlin Adlershof durchgeführt.
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Computed tomography
PY - 2004
DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.100592
SN - 0025-5300
VL - 46
IS - 6
SP - 314
EP - 319
PB - Carl Hanser Verlag
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-5870
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de Andrade Silva, F.
A1 - Williams, J. J.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella
A1 - Chawla, N.
T1 - Three-dimensional microstructure visualization of porosity and Fe-rich inclusions in SiC particle-reinforced Al alloy matrix composites by X-ray synchrotron tomography
N2 - Microstructural aspects of composites such as reinforcement particle size, shape, and distribution play important roles in deformation behavior. In addition, Fe-rich inclusions and porosity also influence the behavior of these composites, particularly under fatigue loading. Three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of porosity and Fe-rich inclusions in three dimensions is critical to a thorough understanding of fatigue resistance of metal matrix composites (MMCs), because cracks often initiate at these defects. In this article, we have used X-ray synchrotron tomography to visualize and quantify the morphology and size distribution of pores and Fe-rich inclusions in a SiC particle-reinforced 2080 Al alloy composite. The 3-D data sets were also used to predict and understand the influence of defects on the deformation behavior by 3-D finite element modeling.
KW - Synchrotron radiation
KW - X-ray tomography
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Analyser based imaging
KW - Metal matrix composite (MMC)
KW - Fatigue
PY - 2010
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0260-0
SN - 1073-5623
SN - 1543-1940
VL - 41
IS - 8
SP - 2121
EP - 2128
PB - The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society
CY - Warrendale
AN - OPUS4-21629
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Lange, Axel
A1 - Harwardt, Michael
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Bamberg, J.
A1 - Heutling, F.
T1 - 3D Refraction Computed Tomography Applied to Metal Matrix Composites
N2 - For the first time Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) have been investigated by 3D Computed Tomography combined with enhanced interface contrast due to X-ray refraction. X-ray refraction is a relatively new approach for the characterization of advanced materials. The related techniques of Refraction Topography and Refraction Computed Tomography have been developed and applied at our laboratory during the last decade to meet the actual demand for improved nondestructive characterization of high performance composites, ceramics and other low density materials and components. X-ray refraction occurs, when X-rays crosses interfaces of spherical or cylindrical shape (e.g. pores or fibres) in the same way as visible light is refracted by lenses. These X-ray optical effects can be observed at small scattering angles of few minutes of arc as the refractive index n of X-rays is nearly unity (n = 1 10-6). Due to the short X-ray wavelength of about 0.1 nm the technique determines the amount of inner surfaces and interfaces of nanometer dimensions. The technique is expected to solve many problems in understanding the meaning of micro and sub micro structures in materials science. With the results of the CT investigation, some questions could be clarified for a better understanding of fatigue failure mechanisms under cyclic loading conditions. The specimens for the test programme have been provided by MTU Aero Engines. They consist of a titanium matrix (Ti6242) reinforced by SiC fibres (SCS6). The investigations have been performed at the materials research station of BAM (BAMline) at the Synchrotron Facility BESSY in Berlin, Germany.
T2 - 35th International SAMPE technical conference
CY - Dayton, OH, USA
DA - 2003-09-28
KW - Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI)
KW - Characterization
KW - Titanium Metal Matrix Composites (Ti-MMC)
KW - Ti6242
KW - SCS6
PY - 2003
SN - 0-938994-95-6
PB - SAMPE
CY - Covina, Calif.
AN - OPUS4-2780
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bauer, L.J.
A1 - Wieder, Frank
A1 - Truong, V.
A1 - Förste, F.
A1 - Wagener, Y.
A1 - Jonas, A.
A1 - Praetz, S:
A1 - Schlesiger, C.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Kanngießer, B.
A1 - Zaslansky, P.
A1 - Mantouvalou, I.
T1 - Absorption Correction for 3D Elemental Distributions of Dental Composite Materials Using Laboratory Confocal Micro-X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
N2 - Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectroscopy facilitates three-dimensional (3D) elemental imaging of heterogeneous samples in the micrometer range. Laboratory setups using X-ray tube excitation render the method accessible for diverse research fields but interpretation of results and quantification remain challenging. The attenuation of X-rays in composites depends on the photon energy as well as on the composition and density of the material. For confocal micro-XRF, attenuation severely impacts elemental distribution information, as the signal from deeper layers is distorted by superficial layers. Absorption correction and quantification of fluorescence measurements in heterogeneous composite samples have so far not been reported. Here, an absorption correction approach for confocal micro-XRF combining density information from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) data with laboratory X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and synchrotron transmission measurements is presented. The energy dependency of the probing volume is considered during the correction. The methodology is demonstrated on a model composite sample consisting of a bovine tooth with a clinically used restoration material.
KW - Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Dental composite materials
KW - Computed tomography
KW - Absorption correction
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601630
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00116
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 96
IS - 21
SP - 8441
EP - 8449
PB - American Chemical Society Publications
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-60163
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya
A1 - Behnke, Thomas
A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin
A1 - Kage, Daniel
A1 - Gers-Panther, Charlotte F.
A1 - Frank, Walter
A1 - Müller, Thomas J. J.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Crystallization and Aggregation-Induced Emission in a Series of Pyrrolidinylvinylquinoxaline Derivatives
N2 - Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has been meanwhile observed for many dye classes and particularly for fluorophores containing propeller-like groups. Herein, we report on the AIE characteristics of a series of four hydrophobic pyrrolidinylvinylquinoxaline (PVQ) derivatives with phenyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, and methoxythienyl substituents used to systematically vary the torsion angle between this substituent at the quinoxaline C2 position and the planar PVQ moiety. These molecules, which are accessible via four- or five-component one-pot syntheses, were spectroscopically studied in organic solvents and solvent−water mixtures, as dye aggregates, solids, and entrapped in polystyrene particles (PSP). Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements revealed a strong fluorescence enhancement for all dyes in ethanol−water mixtures of high water content, accompanying the formation of dye aggregates with sizes of a few hundred nm, overcoming polarity and H-bonding-induced fluorescence quenching of the chargetransfer-type emission of these PVQ dyes. The size and shape of these dye aggregates and the size of the AIE effect are controlled by the water content and the substituent-dependent torsion angle that influences the nucleation process and the packing of the molecules during aggregation. Staining of 1 μm-sized carboxy-functionalized PSP with the PVQ dyes resulted also in a considerable increase in the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime, reflecting the combined influence of the restricted molecular motion and the reduced polarity of the dye microenvironment.
KW - Spectroscopy
KW - AIE
KW - Aggregates
KW - Nanoparticle
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01425
SN - 1932-7447
N1 - Geburtsname von Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N. - Birth name of Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N.
VL - 122
IS - 20
SP - 11119
EP - 11127
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-45176
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Fedelich, Bernard
A1 - Affeldt, E. E.
A1 - Harders, H.
A1 - Marchal, N.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Onofrio, G.
A1 - Remy, L.
A1 - Toulios, M.
ED - Jaroslav Pokluda,
ED - Petr Lukás,
ED - Pavel Sandera,
ED - Ivo Dlouhý,
T1 - Experimental characterization of high temperature fatigue crack growth in a single crystal superalloy for gas turbine applications
T2 - 17th European Conference on Fracture (ECF17) - Multilevel Approach to Fracture of Materials, Components and Structures
CY - Brno, Czech Republic
DA - 2008-09-02
KW - Single Crystal Superalloy
KW - LCF
KW - Crack Growth
KW - Creep-Fatigue
KW - Oxidation
PY - 2008
SN - 978-80-214-3692-3
SP - 1336
EP - 1343
PB - VUTIUM Brno
AN - OPUS4-18268
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Levandowski, G. V.
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.
KW - Sugar cane bagasse
KW - Chicken manure ash
KW - Thermochemical treatment
KW - Nutrient
KW - Plant availability
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895
VL - 10
SP - 895
EP - 6
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-50973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo
A1 - Müller, U.
A1 - Silva, B.
A1 - Da Porto, F.
A1 - Hracov, S.
A1 - Pospisil, S.
A1 - Adami, C.-E.
A1 - Vintzileou, E.
A1 - Vasconcelos, G.
A1 - Poletti, E.
ED - Jasienko, J.
T1 - Overview of different strengthening techniques applied on walls used in historical structures
N2 - Different types of vertical elements, such as masonry, massive walls and timber frame elements, exhibit a different response exposed to the same loading scenario, in particular when it concerns dynamic loading. It is therefore paramount to investigate the principal response of different types of construction with different materials under a variety of loading scenarios. From there, the design of strengthening techniques against earthquakes can be performed. This paper presents the results from experiments, where various retrofitting techniques were tested. The goals were to define and improve laboratory procedures for evaluating the intervention technologies and specifications for laboratory specimens. From this base tests to characterise the experimental behaviour of original and strengthened masonry walls were performed, in order to obtain information on the system performance and the main constitutive laws relevant for modelling. The test campaigns were focused on static tests as well as cyclic tests of unreinforced and reinforced vertical building elements. The study is part of our work in the framework of the ongoing project NIKER funded by the European Commission dealing with improving immovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes.
T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions
CY - Wroclaw, Poland
DA - 15.10.2012
KW - Stone masonry
KW - Brick masonry
KW - Earthen materials
KW - Half timbered walls
KW - Grouting
PY - 2012
SN - 978-83-7125-216-7
SN - 0860-2395
VL - 3
SP - 2870
EP - 2878
PB - DWE
CY - Wroclaw, Poland
AN - OPUS4-27275
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - de Lima Vasconcelos, S.
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Brozowski, F.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Sattler, M.
T1 - Präzisierung der Geruchsprüfung für Bauprodukte nach DIN ISO 16000-28 – Untersuchung von Vergleichsmaßstäben
N2 - Bauprodukte, die in Innenräumen verwendet werden, sollten die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der Personen die sich darin aufhalten nicht durch das Ausdünsten von Geruchsstoffen stören. Die DIN ISO 16000-28 „Bestimmung der Geruchsstoffemissionen aus Bauprodukten mit einer Emissionsprüfkammer“ (DIN ISO 16000-28) beschreibt umfassend die Möglichkeiten der Geruchsprüfung. In Verbindung mit der Anwendung der VDI-Richtlinie 4302 Blatt 1 „Geruchsprüfung von Innenraumluft und Emissionen aus Innenraummaterialien“ (VDI 4302 Blatt 1) ist sie zur Bewertung der empfundenen Intensität von Bauprodukten mit Vergleichsmaßstab geeignet (Umweltbundesamt 2015). In einem vom Umweltbundesamt (UBA) geförderten Forschungsprojekt der Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW Berlin) und der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) wurden erstmals verschiedene Vergleichsmaßstäbe miteinander verglichen. Ziel des derzeitigen Folgeprojektes ist nun, Mindestanforderungen an Vergleichsmaßstäbe zu erarbeiten, welche die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse erhöhen und mit denen die Norm konkretisiert werden kann. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Untersuchungen und Ergebnisse des ersten Projektes und die Schlussfolgerungen für die Durchführung des zweiten Projektes dar.
T2 - 12. Fachkongress der Arbeitsgemeinschaft ökologischer Forschungsinstiute (AGÖF)
CY - Hallstadt (Bamberg), Germany
DA - 17.10.2019
KW - Geruch
KW - Emission
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionskammer
PY - 2019
SN - 978-3-930576-11-1
VL - 12. Fachkongress
SP - 214
EP - 223
PB - Arbeitsgemeinschaft ökologischer Forschungsinstiute (AGÖF) e. V.
CY - Springe-Eldagsen
AN - OPUS4-49702
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mielke, Johannes
A1 - Babick, F.
A1 - Uusimäki, T.
A1 - Müller, P.
A1 - Verleysen, E.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Evaluation of electron microscopy techniques for the purpose of classification of nanomaterials
N2 - Electron microscopy techniques such as TEM, STEM, SEM or TSEM (transmission in SEM) are capable of assessing the size of individual nanoparticles accurately. Nevertheless, the challenging aspect is sample preparation from powder or liquid form on the substrate, so that a
homogeneous distribution of well-separated (deagglomerated) particles is attained. The systematic study in this work shows examples where the extraction of the critical, smallest particle dimension - as the decisive particle parameter for the classification as a NM - is possible by analysing the sample after ist simple, dry preparation. The consequences of additional typical issues like loss of information due to screening of smaller particles by larger ones or the (in)ability to access the constituent particles in aggregates are discussed.
KW - Nanomaterial
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - Particle size distribution
KW - Classification
PY - 2016
UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/microscopy-and-microanalysis/article/evaluation-of-electron-microscopy-techniques-for-the-purpose-of-classification-of-nanomaterials/0B66A25EA7F7A5A3622C02A359C8304F
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616005523
SN - 1431-9276
SN - 1435-8115
VL - 22
IS - Suppl. 3
SP - 936
EP - 937
PB - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-38445
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Gouraud, F.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Huger, M.
A1 - Chotard, T.
A1 - Antou, G.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Evolution of Thermal Microcracking in Refractory ZrO2-SiO2 after Application of External Loads at High Temperatures
N2 - Zirconia-based cast refractories are widely used for glass furnace applications. Since they have to withstand harsh chemical as well as thermo-mechanical environments, internal stresses and microcracking are often present in such materials under operating conditions (sometimes in excess of 1700 °C). We studied the evolution of thermal (CTE) and mechanical (Young’s modulus) properties as a function of temperature in a fused-cast refractory containing 94 wt.% of monoclinic ZrO2 and 6 wt.% of a silicate glassy phase. With the aid of X-ray refraction techniques (yielding the internal specific surface in materials), we also monitored the evolution of microcracking as a function of thermal cycles (crossing the martensitic phase transformation around 1000 °C) under externally applied stress. We found that external compressive stress leads to a strong decrease of the internal surface per unit volume, but a tensile load has a similar (though not so strong) effect. In agreement with existing literature on -eucryptite microcracked ceramics, we could explain These phenomena by microcrack closure in the load direction in the compression case, and by microcrack propagation (rather than microcrack nucleation) under tensile conditions.
KW - Electro-fused zirconia
KW - Microcracking
KW - Synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR)
KW - Thermal expansion
PY - 2019
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-477431
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071017
VL - 12
IS - 7
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-47743
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Faghani, A.
A1 - Gholami, M. F.
A1 - Trunk, M.
A1 - Müller, J.
A1 - Pachfule, P.
A1 - Vogl, S.
A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen
A1 - Li, M.
A1 - Nickl, Philip
A1 - Shao, J.
A1 - Huang, M. R. S.
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Arenal, R.
A1 - Koch, C. T.
A1 - Paulus, B.
A1 - Rabe, J. P.
A1 - Thomas, A.
A1 - Haag, R.
A1 - Adeli, M.
T1 - Metal-Assisted and Solvent-Mediated Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Triazine Structures on Gram Scale
N2 - Covalent triazine frameworks are an emerging material class that have shown promising performance for a range of applications. In this work, we report on a metal-assisted and solvent-mediated reaction between calcium carbide and cyanuric chloride, as cheap and commercially available precursors, to synthesize two-dimensional triazine structures (2DTSs). The reaction between the solvent, dimethylformamide, and cyanuric chloride was promoted by calcium carbide and resulted in dimethylamino-s-triazine intermediates, which in turn undergo nucleophilic substitutions. This reaction was directed into two dimensions by calcium ions derived from calcium carbide and induced the formation of 2DTSs. The role of calcium ions to direct the two-dimensionality of the final structure was simulated using DFT and further proven by synthesizing molecular intermediates. The water content of the reaction medium was found to be a crucial factor that affected the structure of the products dramatically. While 2DTSs were obtained under anhydrous conditions, a mixture of graphitic material/2DTSs or only graphitic material (GM) was obtained in aqueous solutions. Due to the straightforward and gram-scale synthesis of 2DTSs, as well as their photothermal and photodynamic properties, they are promising materials for a wide range of future applications, including bacteria and virus incapacitation.
KW - XPS
KW - Triazine
KW - 2D
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c02399
VL - 142
IS - 30
SP - 12976
EP - 12986
PB - ACS American Chemical Society
AN - OPUS4-51203
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brüngel, R.
A1 - Rückert, J.
A1 - Müller, P.
A1 - Babick, F.
A1 - Friedrich, C. M.
A1 - Ghanem, A.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Mech, A.
A1 - Weigel, S.
A1 - Wohlleben, W.
A1 - Rauscher, H.
T1 - NanoDefiner Framework and e-Tool Revisited According to the European Commission’s Nanomaterial Definition 2022/C 229/01
N2 - The new recommended definition of a nanomaterial, 2022/C 229/01, adopted by the European Commission in 2022, will have a considerable impact on European Union legislation addressing chemicals, and therefore tools to implement this new definition are urgently needed. The updated NanoDefiner framework and its e-tool implementation presented here are such instruments, which help stakeholders to find out in a straightforward way whether a material is a nanomaterial or not. They are two major outcomes of the NanoDefine project, which is explicitly referred to in the new definition. This work revisits the framework and e-tool, and elaborates necessary adjustments to make these outcomes applicable for the updated recommendation. A broad set of case studies on representative materials confirms the validity of these adjustments. To further foster the sustainability and applicability of the framework and e-tool, measures for the FAIRification of expert knowledge within the e-tool’s knowledge base are elaborated as well. The updated framework and e-tool are now ready to be used in line with the updated recommendation. The presented approach may serve as an example for reviewing existing guidance and tools developed for the previous definition 2011/696/EU, particularly those adopting NanoDefine project outcomes.
KW - Nanomaterial definition
KW - Nanomaterial categorisation
KW - Nanomaterial regulation
KW - Nanomaterial legislation
KW - Decision support
KW - FAIRification
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571618
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060990
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 13
IS - 6 - Special Issue "Identification and Quantification of Nanomaterials"
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, CH
AN - OPUS4-57161
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Trajkovski, B.
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
A1 - Müller, W.
A1 - Beuer, F.
A1 - Zafiropoulos, G.
A1 - Houshmand, A.
ED - Eppel, S.J.
T1 - Hydrophilicity, viscoelastic, and physicochemical properties variations in dental bone grafting substitutes
N2 - The indication-oriented Dental Bone Graft Substitutes (DBGS) selection, the correct bone defects classification, and appropriate treatment planning are very crucial for obtaining successful clinical results. However, hydrophilic, viscoelastic, and physicochemical properties’ influence on the DBGS regenerative potential has poorly been studied. For that reason, we investigated the dimensional changes and molecular mobility by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of xenograft (cerabone®), synthetic (maxresorb®), and allograft (maxgraft®, Puros®) blocks in a wet and dry state. While no significant differences could be seen in dry state, cerabone® and maxresorb® blocks showed a slight height decrease in wet state, whereas both maxgraft® and Puros® had an almost identical height increase. In addition, cerabone® and maxresorb® blocks remained highly rigid and their damping behaviour was not influenced by the water. On the other hand, both maxgraft® and Puros® had a strong increase in their molecular mobility with different damping behaviour profiles during the wet state. A high-speed microscopical imaging system was used to analyze the hydrophilicity in several naturally derived (cerabone®, Bio-Oss®, NuOss®, SIC® nature graft) and synthetic DBGS granules (maxresorb®, BoneCeramic®, NanoBone®, Ceros®). The highest level of hydrophilicity was detected in cerabone® and maxresorb®, while Bio-Oss® and BoneCeramic® had the lowest level of hydrophilicity among both naturally derived and synthetic DBGS groups. Deviations among the DBGS were also addressed via physicochemical differences recorded by Micro Computed Tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray powder Diffractometry, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Such DBGS variations could influence the volume stability at the grafting site, handling as well as the speed of vascularization and bone regeneration. Therefore, this study initiates a new insight into the DBGS differences and their importance for successful clinical results.
KW - Biomaterials
KW - Bone grafting
KW - Bone substitutes
KW - Hydrophilicity
KW - Mechanical analysis
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-439890
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020215
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 11
IS - 2
SP - Article 215, 1
EP - 19
PB - MDPI AG
CY - Basel, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-43989
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Léonard, F.
A1 - Lange, A.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - On the Morphological and Crystallographic Anisotropy of Diesel Particulate Filter Materials
N2 - The determination of the anisotropy of materials’ microstructure and morphology (pore space) in diesel particulate filter (DPF) materials is an important problem to solve, since such anisotropy determines the mechanical, thermal, and filtration properties of such materials. Through the use of a dedicated (and simple) segmentation algorithm, it is shown how to exploit the information yielded by 3D X-ray computed tomography data to quantify the morphological anisotropy. It is also correlated that such anisotropy of the pore space Such anisotropy of the pore space is also correlated with the microstructure and crystallographic anisotropy of the material in several showcases: a microstructurally isotropic material, such as SiC, and some morphologically and microstructurally anisotropic cordierite materials. In the later case, the finer the grain size, the more isotropic the microstructure.
KW - Diesel Particulate Filter Materials
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-540705
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101380
VL - 24
IS - 2101380
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-54070
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tötzke, C.
A1 - Gaiselmann, G.
A1 - Osenberg, M.
A1 - Bohner, J.
A1 - Arlt, Tobias
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Wieder, F.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Banhart, J.
A1 - Schmidt, V.
A1 - Lehnert, W.
A1 - Manke, I.
T1 - Three-dimensional study of compressed gas diffusion layers using synchrotron X-ray imaging
N2 - We present a synchrotron X-ray tomographic study on the morphology of carbon fiber-based gas diffusion layer (GDL) material under compression. A dedicated compression device is used to provide well-defined compression conditions. A flat compression punch is employed to study the fiber geometry at different degrees of compression. Transport relevant geometrical parameters such as porosity, pore size and tortuosity distributions are calculated. The geometric properties notably change upon compression which has direct impact on transport conditions for gas and fluid flow. The availability of broad 3D paths, which are most important for the transport of liquid water from the catalyst layer through the GDL, is markedly reduced after compression. In a second experiment, we study the influence of the channel-land-pattern of the flow-field on shape and microstructure of the GDL. A flow-field compression punch is employed to reproduce the inhomogeneous compression conditions found during fuel cell assembly. While homogenously compressed underneath the land the GDL is much less and inhomogeneously compressed under the channel. The GDL material extends far into the channel volume where it can considerably influence gas and fluid flow. Loose fiber endings penetrate deeply into the channel and form obstacles for the discharge of liquid water droplets.
KW - Synchrotron X-ray tomography
KW - Gas diffusion layer (GDL)
KW - Microstructure
KW - Water transport path
KW - Pore size analysis
KW - Geometrical tortuosity
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.062
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 253
SP - 123
EP - 131
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-29979
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Mielke, Johannes
A1 - Babick, F.
A1 - Uusimäki, T.
A1 - Müller, P.
A1 - Verleysen, E.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Evaluation of electron microscopy techniques for the purpose of classification of nanomaterials
N2 - One current and much-debated topic in the characterization of nanomaterials (NM) is the implementation of the recently introduced recommendation on a definition of a nanomaterial by the European Commission.
All currently available sizing techniques able to address nanoparticles were systematically evaluated. It was demonstrated that particle sizing techniques like: analytical centrifugation, particle tracking analysis, single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry, differential electrical mobility analysis, dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, ultrasonic attenuation spectrometry, but also gas Adsorption analysis based on the BET-method can be applied for a screening classification. However, the quality of the results depends on the individual material to be classified. For well-dispersed, nearly spherical (nano)particles most of the sizing techniques can be applied in a quick and reliable way. In contrast, the classification of most real-world materials is a challenging task, mainly due to non-spherical particle shape, large polydispersity or strong agglomeration/ aggregation of the particles. In the present study it was shown that these issues can be resolved in most cases by electron microscopy as a confirmatory classification technique.
Electron microscopy techniques such as TEM, STEM, SEM or TSEM transmission in SEM) are capable of assessing the size of individual nanoparticles accurately (see Figures 1 and 2). Nevertheless the challenging aspect is sample preparation from powder or liquid form on the substrate, so that a homogeneous distribution of well-separated (deagglomerated) particles is attained. The systematic study in this work shows examples where the extraction of the critical, smallest particle dimension - as the decisive particle parameter for the classification as a NM - is possible by analysing the sample after its simple, dry preparation. The consequences of additional typical issues like loss of information due to Screening of smaller particles by larger ones or the (in)ability to access the constituent particles in aggregates are discussed.
T2 - European Microscopy Congress emc 2016
CY - Lyon, France
DA - 28.08.2016
KW - Nanomaterial classification
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Electron microscopy
PY - 2016
SN - 9783527808465
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527808465.EMC2016.5767
SP - 13
EP - 14
PB - Wiley-VCH
AN - OPUS4-44087
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Saathoff, F.
A1 - Cantré, S.
A1 - Müller, Werner
T1 - The new German filtration criteria for geosynthetics in landfill construction
N2 - The recent German landfill ordinance includes a certification requirement for geosynthetics used in landfill liner and capping systems. The certification guidelines describe the basis for the design of geosynthetics used in landfill construction. In this paper the new German filter criteria for geosynthetics are presented with a particular focus on geotextile filters in geocomposite drains.
T2 - Euro GEO 5 - 5th European geosynthetics congress
CY - Valencia, Spain
DA - 16.09.2012
KW - Filtration
KW - Geosynthetics
KW - Landfill
PY - 2012
SN - 978-0415-64340-5
VL - 5
IS - Topic: Transport
SP - 264
EP - 268
AN - OPUS4-26934
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wonneberger, R.
A1 - Gräf, S.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Wisniewski, W.
A1 - Freiberg, K.
A1 - Hafermann, M.
A1 - Ronning, C.
A1 - Müller, F. A.
A1 - Undisz, A.
T1 - Tracing the Formation of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) by Implanted Markers
N2 - The generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) using femtosecond lasers facilitates the engineering of material surfaces with tailored functional properties. Numerous aspects of their complex formation process are still under debate, despite intensive theoretical and experimental research in recent decades. This particularly concerns the challenge of verifying approaches based on electromagnetic effects or hydrodynamic processes by experiment. In the present study, a marker experiment is designed to conclude on the formation of LIPSS. Well-defined concentration depth profiles of 55Mn+- and 14N+-ions were generated below the polished surface of a cast Mn- and Si-free stainless steel AISI 316L using ion implantation. Before and after LIPSS generation, marker concentration depth profiles and the sample microstructure were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy techniques. It is shown that LIPSS predominantly formed by material removal through locally varying ablation. Local melting and resolidification with the redistribution of the material occurred to a lesser extent. The experimental design gives quantitative access to the modulation depth with a nanometer resolution and is a promising approach for broader studies of the interactions of laser beams and material surfaces. Tracing LIPSS formation enables to unambiguously identify governing aspects, consequently guiding the path to improved processing regarding reproducibility, periodicity, and alignment.
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Femtosecond laser processing
KW - Ion implantation
KW - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
KW - Stainless steel
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623990
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c14777
SN - 1944-8244 (Print)
SN - 1944-8252 (Online)
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 2462
EP - 2468
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-62399
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Henning, L. M.
A1 - Müller, J. T.
A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Schmidt, J.
A1 - Bekheet, M. F.
A1 - Gurlo, A.
A1 - Simon, U.
T1 - Hierarchically porous and mechanically stable monoliths from ordered mesoporous silica and their water filtration potential
N2 - Mechanically stable structures with interconnected hierarchical porosity combine the benefits of both small
and large pores, such as high surface area, pore volume, and good mass transport capabilities. Hence, lightweight micro-/meso-/macroporous monoliths are prepared from ordered mesoporous silica COK-12 by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS, S-sintering) and compared to conventionally (C-) sintered monoliths. A multi-scale model is developed to fit the small angle X-ray scattering data and obtain information on the hexagonal lattice parameters, pore sizes from the macro to the micro range, as well as the dimensions of the silica population. For both sintering techniques, the overall mesoporosity, hexagonal pore ordering, and amorphous character are preserved. The monoliths' porosity (77–49%), mesopore size (6.2–5.2 nm), pore volume (0.50–0.22 g cm-3
), and specific surface area (451–180 m2 g-1) decrease with increasing processing temperature and pressure. While the difference in porosity is enhanced, the
structural parameters between the C-and S-sintered monoliths are largely converging at 900 C, except for the mesopore size and lattice parameter, whose dimensions are more extensively preserved in the
S-sintered monoliths, however, coming along with larger deviations from the theoretical lattice. Their higher mechanical properties (biaxial strength up to 49 MPa, 724 MPa HV 9.807 N) at comparable porosities and ability to withstand ultrasonic treatment and dead-end filtration up to 7 bar allow S-sintered monoliths to reach a high permeance (2634 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), permeability (1.25 x 10^-14 m2), and ability to reduce the chemical oxygen demand by 90% during filtration of a surfactant-stabilized oil in water emulsion, while indicating reasonable resistance towards fouling.
KW - SAXS
KW - Hierarchically porous
KW - Silica
KW - Water filtration
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555928
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NA00368F
SN - 2516-0230
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-55592
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wiedensohler, A.
A1 - Wiesner, A.
A1 - Weinhold, K.
A1 - Birmili, W.
A1 - Herrmann, M.
A1 - Merkel, M.
A1 - Müller, T.
A1 - Pfeifer, S.
A1 - Schmidt, A.
A1 - Tuch, T.
A1 - Velarde, F.
A1 - Quincey, P.
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
A1 - Nowak, A.
T1 - Mobility particle size spectrometers: Calibration procedures and measurement uncertainties
N2 - Mobility particle size spectrometers (MPSS) belong to the essential instruments in aerosol science that determine the particle number size distribution (PNSD)in the submicrometer size range. Following calibration procedures and target uncertainties against standards and reference instruments are suggested for a complete MPSS quality assurance program: a) calibration of the CPC counting efficiency curve (within 5% for the plateau counting efficiency; within 1 nm for the 50% detection efficiency diameter), b) sizing calibration of the MPSS, using a certified polystyrene latex (PSL) particle size standard at 203 nm (within 3%), c) intercomparison of the PNSD of the MPSS (within 10% and 20% of the dN/dlogDP concentration for the particle size range 20 – 200 nm and 200 to 800 nm, respectively), and d) intercomparison of the integral PNC of the MPSS (within 10%). Furthermore, following measurement uncertainties have been investigated: a) PSL particle size standards in the range from 100-500nm match within 1% after sizing calibration at 203 nm. b) Bipolar diffusion chargers based on the radioactive nuclides Kr85, Am241 and Ni63 and a new ionizer based on corona discharge follow the recommended bipolar charge distribution, while soft X-ray-based charges may alter faster than expected. c) The use of a positive high voltage supply show a 10% better performance than a negative one. d) The intercomparison of the integral PNC of an MPSS against the total number concentration is still within the target uncertainty at an ambient pressure of approximately 500 hPa.
KW - Measurement uncertainties
KW - Mobility particle size spectrometer (MPPS)
KW - Condensation particle counter (CPC)
KW - Calibration
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-425060
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1387229
SN - 1521-7388
VL - 52
IS - 2
SP - 146
EP - 164
PB - Tailor & Francis
CY - USA
AN - OPUS4-42506
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Werner
A1 - Saathoff, F.
T1 - Geosynthetics in geoenvironmental engineering
N2 - Geosynthetics are planar polymeric products, which are used in connection with soil, rock or other soil-like materials to fulfill various functions in geoenvironmental engineering. Geosynthetics are of ever-growing importance in the construction industry. Sealing of waste storage facilities to safely prevent the emission of wastewater, landfill gas and contaminated dust as well as the diffusion of pollutants into the environment and coastal protection against storms and floods and reconstruction after natural disaster are important fields of application. We will give an overview of the various geosynthetic products. Two examples of the material problems related to geosynthetics are discussed in detail: the effect of creep on the long-term performance of geocomposite drains and the numerical simulation of the interaction of soil with geogrids. Both issues are of importance for the use of these products in landfill capping systems. The various functions, which geosynthetics may fulfill in the protection of coastal lines, are illustrated by case studies. The geosynthetic market is evaluated and economical and environmental benefits, as well as environmental side effects related to the use of geosynthetics, are discussed.
KW - Geosynthetics
KW - Geoenvironmental engineering
KW - Landfill capping system
KW - Coastal protection
KW - Geocomposite drain
KW - Geogrid
KW - Geotextile
PY - 2015
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-332014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/034605
SN - 1468-6996
VL - 16
IS - 3
SP - 034605-1
EP - 034605-20
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-33201
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kunz, C.
A1 - Büttner, T.N.
A1 - Naumann, B.
A1 - Boehm, A.V.
A1 - Gnecco, E.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Neumann, C.
A1 - Turchanin, A.
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - Large-area fabrication of low- and high-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures on carbon fibers
N2 - The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were investigated on carbon fibers under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. The LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different values of the laser peak fluence and number of pulses per spot. The morphology of the generated structures was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fast-Fourier transform analyses. Moreover, the material structure and the surface chemistry of the carbon fibers before and after laser irradiation was analyzed by micro Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Large areas in the cm2 range of carbon fiber arrangements were successfully processed with homogenously distributed high- and low-spatial frequency LIPSS. Beyond those distinct nanostructures, hybrid structures were realized for the very first time by a superposition of both types of LIPSS in a two-step process. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on carbon fibers that could be of particular interest for e.g. fiber reinforced polymers and concretes.
KW - Fs-Laser
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Carbon fibers
KW - Large area structuring
PY - 2018
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622318302781
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.035
SN - 0008-6223
SN - 1873-3891
VL - 133
SP - 176
EP - 185
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-44625
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wolff, M.
A1 - Wonneberger, R.
A1 - Freiberg, K.E.
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Giebeler, L.
A1 - Koitzsch, A.
A1 - Kunz, C.
A1 - Weber, H.
A1 - Hufenbach, J.K.
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with different chemical composition
N2 - Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are amorphous metal alloys known for their unique physical and mechanical properties. In the present study, the formation of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the Zr-based BMGs Zr46Cu46Al8, Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 (Vit105) and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5 (Vit106) was investigated as a function of their different chemical composition. For this purpose, LIPSS were generated on the sample surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz). The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the impact of LIPSS formation on the structure and chemical surface composition was analyzed before and after fs-laser irradiation by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Despite the different chemical composition of the investigated BMGs, the fs-laser irradiation resulted in almost similar properties of the generated LIPSS patterns. In the case of Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Vit105 and Vit106, the surface analysis revealed the preservation of the amorphous state of the materials during fs-laser irradiation. The study demonstrated the presence of a native oxide layer on all pristine BMGs. In addition, fs-laser irradiation results in the formation of laser-induced oxide layers of larger thickness consisting of an amorphous ZrAlCu-oxide. The precise laser-structuring of BMG surfaces on the nanoscale provides a versatile alternative to thermoplastic forming of BMG surfaces and is of particular interest for the engineering of functional material surfaces.
KW - Bulk metallic glasses
KW - Femtosecond laser
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Chemical analysis
KW - Oxidation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581799
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103305
SN - 2468-0230
VL - 42
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58179
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Falchi, L.
A1 - Müller, Urs
A1 - Fontana, Patrick
A1 - Izzo, F.C.
A1 - Balliana, E.
A1 - Biscontin, G.
A1 - Zendri, E.
T1 - Sustainability in the maintenance and protection of architectural surfaces: Innovative water-repellent pozzolana-lime mortars
N2 - Water-repellent renders were studied in order to evaluate their suitability for restoration applications. Water repellent admixtures, such as powdered siloxane-based products and metal soaps (zinc and calcium stearates), were mixed with a pozzolana-lime binder similar to historical binders with hydraulic properties. The chemical-physical and structural properties, the effectiveness and the durability of the water-repellent mortars in different environmental conditions were studied. The influence of the water repellent admixtures was evaluated by FT-IR analyses, by testing the mechanical properties and the behaviour in presence of water. The durability of the water-repellent mortars was evaluated after the exposure to artificial weathering (UV-light and water) and to immersion/drying cycles in saturated sodium sulphate solution. The nature of the water-repellent admixtures influenced both the hydration reactions and the chemical-physical properties of the mortars resulting in different resistance to the weathering and to salt crystallization.
T2 - Scienza e beni culturali XXX. 2014 - Quale sostenibilita' per il Restauro?
CY - Brixen, Italy
DA - 01.07.2014
KW - Water-repellent admixtures
KW - Artificial weathering
KW - Salt crystallization
KW - Restoration mortars
PY - 2014
SN - 978-88-95409-18-4
SN - 2039-9790
SP - 637
EP - 648
PB - Edizioni Arcadia Ricerche S.r.l.
AN - OPUS4-31841
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kind, L.
A1 - Plamper, F.A.
A1 - Göbel, R.
A1 - Mantion, Alexandre
A1 - Müller, A. H. E.
A1 - Pieles, U.
A1 - Taubert, A.
A1 - Meier, W.
T1 - Silsesquioxane/polyamine nanoparticle-templated formation of star- or raspberry-like silica nanoparticles
KW - Silica nanoparticles
KW - 3D TEM
KW - Star-shaped nanoparticles
KW - Raspberry-shaped nanoparticles
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/la900229n
SN - 0743-7463
SN - 1520-5827
VL - 25
IS - 12
SP - 7109
EP - 7115
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-19580
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Renate
A1 - Rudolphi, Reinald
A1 - Kasper, F.-J.
T1 - Fensteranschlüsse. Numerische Untersuchungen zum wärmeschutztechnischen Verhalten
PY - 1990
SN - 0017-1107
VL - 43
IS - 11
SP - 4, 36
EP - 45
PB - Gentner
CY - Stuttgart
AN - OPUS4-1256
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Renate
A1 - Rudolphi, Reinald
A1 - Kasper, F.-J.
A1 - Wagner, Armin
T1 - The Thermal Transmittance of Windows
PY - 1983
SN - 0306-9931
VL - 11
IS - 5
SP - 292
EP - 297
PB - Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment
CY - Paris
AN - OPUS4-1242
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Renate
A1 - Rudolphi, Reinald
A1 - Kasper, F.J.
A1 - Wagner, Armin
T1 - Zum wärmeschutztechnischen Verhalten des Anschlußbereiches Fenster-Wand
PY - 1984
SN - 0016-9277
VL - 105
IS - 4
SP - 169-170 und 223-227
PB - Oldenbourg
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-1244
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Renate
A1 - Rudolphi, Reinald
A1 - Kasper, F.-J.
A1 - Wagner, Armin
T1 - Rechnerische Simulation von Versuchen am Beispiel des Wärmeschutzes von Fensterkonstruktionen
PY - 1986
SN - 0025-5300
VL - 28
IS - 4
SP - 107
EP - 108
PB - Carl Hanser Verlag
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-1249
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Renate
A1 - Rudolphi, Reinald
A1 - Kasper, F.-J.
T1 - Numerische Untersuchungen zum Tauwasserrisiko von Mauerwerksaußenwinkeln und Ecken in Gebäuden (Teil 1)
PY - 1988
SN - 0343-3560
VL - 17
IS - 3
SP - Titelblatt und S. 43
EP - 52
PB - Thiekötter
CY - Münster
AN - OPUS4-1250
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Renate
A1 - Rudolphi, Reinald
A1 - Kasper, F.-J.
T1 - Numerische Untersuchungen zum Tauwasserrisiko von Mauerwerksaußenwinkeln und Ecken in Gebäuden (Teil 2)
PY - 1988
SN - 0343-3560
VL - 17
IS - 4
SP - 53
EP - 59
PB - Thiekötter
CY - Münster
AN - OPUS4-1251
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Chen, Y.-F.
A1 - Contreras Jaimes, A.
T1 - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas (GlasDigital)
N2 - Das Projekt GlasDigital wurde im allgemeinen vorgestellt, sowie die einzelnen Zwischenstände der verschiedenen Arbeitspakete aller Projektpartner präsentiert. Die allgemeine Porjektvorstellung ist auf deutsch. Die Zwischenstände der Arbeitsinhalte sind auf englisch.
T2 - PMD Vollversammlung
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 03.11.2022
KW - Oxidglas
KW - Robotische Glasschmelzanlage
KW - ML
KW - Ontologie
KW - Digitaler Zwilling
KW - Bildanalyse
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56491
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Goecke, S.F.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Laser beam oscillation welding for automotive applications
N2 - Laser beam oscillation, applied one- or two-dimensional to the actual welding process, influences the welding process in terms of compensation of tolerances and reduction of process emissions like spatter and melt ejections that occur in industrial applications, such as in body-in-white manufacturing. If the welding process could be adapted to these tolerances by the momentarily demanded melt pool width to generate sufficient melt volume or to influence melt pool dynamics, e.g. for a better degassing, laser welding would become more robust. However, beam oscillation results are highly dependent on the natural frequency of the melt pool, the used spot diameter and the oscillation speed of the laser beam. The conducted investigations with an oscillated 300 μm laser spot show that oscillation strategies which are adjusted to the joining situation can bridge gaps to approximately 0.6 mm at metal sheet thickness of 0.8 mm. However, the complex behaviour of the melt pool has to be considered to generate proper welding results. This work puts emphasis on showing aspects of beam oscillation in fillet welding in lap joints.
KW - Automotive application
KW - Melt pool dynamics
KW - Adaptive welding beam oscillation
KW - Laser welding
KW - Gap bridging
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-018-0625-3
SN - 0043-2288
SN - 1878-6669
VL - 62
IS - 5
SP - 1039
EP - 1047
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-45774
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Goecke, S.F.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Laser beam oscillation for fillet welding
N2 - In todays automotive frame-and-body construction, laser welds are typically carried out as square butt welds in lap joints. These welds are increasingly produced by remote laser welding optics with working distances of 500 mm and more. This enables simple path programming because clamping devices are traversed over and therefore low cycle times with improved productivity is achieved. However, workpiece tolerances lead to part displacements and varying joint positions over time. These displacements have to be acted against by appropriate flange length that contain for positioning deviations. Using this concept, aspired light-weight optimisations, e.g. reducing flange length, are difficult to achieve. By using seam tracking sensors, part tolerances are automatically detected and counteracted for. In addition, joint edge detection allows constructive changes on the type of weld. Fillet welds reduce flange lengths', improve force flow and open up possibilities for visual quality monitoring. Apart from that, vertical displacements in the form of height tolerances still occur. This needs consideration by adapting the set of welding parameter to the current welding situation. In this respect, one main welding parameter is the lateral beam offset to the upper sheet. Since body-in-white welding applications mainly comprise of zinc-coated steel sheets, special requirements for the welding process are given. Especially zero-gap-welding and welding of joints with gaps larger than 0.2 mm are critical. Using a laser beam oscillation process can stabilise these situations. Approaches to finding parameter sets are presented in this paper.
KW - Laser beams
KW - Welding
KW - Fillet welds
KW - Gap
KW - Process procedures
KW - Monitoring systems
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-014-0165-4
SN - 0043-2288
SN - 1878-6669
VL - 58
IS - 6
SP - 865
EP - 872
PB - Springer
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-32075
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Nascimento, M.L.F.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Zanotto, E. D.
T1 - Crystal growth kinetics in cordierite and diopside glasses in wide temperature ranges
N2 - We measured and collected literature data for the crystal growth rate, u(T), of µ-cordierite (2MgO · 2Al2O3 · 5SiO2) and diopside (CaO · MgO · 2SiO2) in their isochemical glass forming melts. The data cover exceptionally wide temperature ranges, i.e. 8001350 °C for cordierite and 7501378 °C for diopside. The maximum of u(T) occurs at about 1250 °C for both systems. A smooth shoulder is observed around 970 °C for µ-cordierite. Based on measured and collected viscosity data, we fitted u(T) using standard crystal growth models. For diopside, the experimental u(T) fits well to the 2D surface nucleation model and also to the screw dislocation growth mechanism. However, the screw dislocation model yields parameters of more significant physical meaning. For cordierite, these two models also describe the experimental growth rates. However, the best fittings of u(T) including the observed shoulder, were attained for a combined mechanism, assuming that the melt/crystal interface growing from screw dislocations is additionally roughened by superimposed 2D surface nucleation at large undercoolings, starting at a temperature around the shoulder. The good fittings indicate that viscosity can be used to assess the transport mechanism that determines crystal growth in these two systems, from the melting point Tm down to about Tg, with no sign of a breakdown of the StokesEinstein/Eyring equation.
KW - Crystal growth
KW - Oxide glasses
KW - Silicates
KW - Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit
KW - Kinetik
KW - Silikatgläser
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.09.007
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 354
IS - 52-54
SP - 5386
EP - 5394
PB - North-Holland Publ. Co.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-18383
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Nascimento, M.L.F.
A1 - Zanotto, E. D.
T1 - Crystal Growth Mechanism in Cordierite and Diopside Glasses in Wide Temperature Ranges
T2 - XX. International Congress on Glass
CY - Kyoto, Japan
DA - 2004-09-26
KW - Cordierite
KW - Diopside
KW - Glass
KW - Crystal growth
PY - 2004
SP - 6 pages
PB - Ceramic Society of Japan
CY - Tokio
AN - OPUS4-4389
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gers-Panther, C.F.
A1 - Fischer, H.
A1 - Nordmann, J.
A1 - Seiler, T.
A1 - Behnke, Thomas
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Frank, W.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Müller, T.J.J.
T1 - Four- and Five-Component Syntheses and Photophysical Properties of Emission Solvatochromic 3‑Aminovinylquinoxalines
N2 - 3-Aminovinylquinoxalines are readily accessible from (hetero)aryl glyoxylic acids or heterocyclic π-nucleophiles by consecutive four- and fivecomponent syntheses in the sense of an activation-alkynylation-cyclocondensation-addition sequence or glyoxylation-alkynylation-cyclocondensation-addition sequence in good yields. The title compounds are highly fluorescent with pronounced emission solvatochromicity and protochromic fluorescence quenching. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy furnishes radiative and nonradiative fluorescence decay rates in various solvent polarities. The electronic structure is corroborated by DFT and TD-DFT calculations rationalizing the observed spectroscopic effects.
KW - Dye
KW - Syntheseis
KW - Spectroscopy
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b02581
SN - 0022-3263
VL - 82
SP - 567
EP - 578
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-39211
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Holzer, Marco
A1 - Johansen, Sidsel M.
A1 - Christensen, Johan F.S.
A1 - Smedskjaer, Morten M.
A1 - Cicconi, Maria Rita
A1 - de Ligny, Dominique
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - de Camargo, Andrea S.S.
A1 - Maaß, Robert
T1 - Direct connection between secondary relaxation mode and fracture toughness in alkali-aluminosilicate glasses
N2 - Oxide glasses are intrinsically brittle, lacking sufficient atomic-scale mechanisms that can relax mechanical stresses in the vicinity of a propagating crack. As a result, fracture is typically well-captured by considering local bond rupture at the crack tip. Here we demonstrate that barrier energies related to the low-temperature 𝛾-relaxation mode in alkali-aluminosilicate glasses are inversely related to the fracture toughness measured via standardized three-point bending fracture experiments. This holds true for both a series with varying cations (Li, Na, K) and one with varying Li concentration. The structural rationale for this finding is gained via Raman spectroscopy. The findings suggest that a fundamental structural relaxation mode measured on bulk specimens can serve as an effective guideline for fracture toughness of oxide glasses. Data for additional silicate glasses support this conclusion.
KW - Fracture toughness
KW - Oxide glass
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Alkali-aluminosilicate glasses
KW - Internal friction
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651540
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2025.100669
SN - 2590-0498
VL - 29
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande
AN - OPUS4-65154
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mühler, T.
A1 - Helsch, G.
A1 - Heinrich, J.G.
A1 - Yao, Dongxu
A1 - Gräf, S.
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Günster, Jens
T1 - Strategies for the selective volume sintering of ceramics
N2 - The present study is dealing with the basic physics for a novel way to generate a free-formed ceramic body, not like common layer by layer, but directly by Selective Volume Sintering (SVS) in a compact block of ceramic powder. To penetrate with laser light into the volume of a ceramic powder compact it is necessary to investigate the light scattering properties of ceramic powders. Compared with polymers and metals, ceramic materials are unique as they offer a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window typically ranges from below 0.3 up to 5 µm wave length. In the present study thin layers of quartz glass (SiO2) particles have been prepared. As a function of layer thickness and the particle size, transmission and reflection spectra in a wave length range between 0.5 and 2.5 µm have been recorded. Depending on the respective particle size and by choosing a proper relation between particle size and wave length of the incident laser radiation, it is found that light can penetrate a powder compact up to a depth of a few millimeters. With an adjustment of the light absorption properties of the compact the initiation of sintering in the volume of the compact is possible.
KW - Additive Manufacturing
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.174
SN - 0884-2914
VL - 29
IS - 17
SP - 2095
EP - 2099
PB - Materials Research Society
CY - Warrendale, Pa.
AN - OPUS4-32544
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rahner, E.
A1 - Thiele, T.
A1 - Voss, Heike
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - Objective, high-throughput regularity quantification of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
N2 - The growing demand for precise surface functionalization through laser-generated periodic surface structures highlights the necessity for efficient, reproducible, and objective evaluation methods to evaluate their structural regularity. We introduce ReguΛarity (v.1.2.7), a freely available, Python-based software with a graphical user interface for the automated, quantitative assessment of the regularity of laser-induced periodic surfaces structures (LIPSS), obtained from optical microscopy, SEM, or AFM. The software integrates image segmentation, one- and two-dimensional Fourier analyses, and gradient-based orientation determination to facilitate a comprehensive regularity analysis of grating-like (quasi-)periodic surface patterns with spatial periods Λ. This is achieved through the proposed regularity tuple R, composed of five key parameters: the normalized spread of the spatial period RΛ,2D (from 2D-FT), the normalized variation of the most frequent spatial period RΛ (from 1D-FT), the Gini coefficient G, the Dispersion of the LIPSS Orientation Angle δθ (DLOA), and the mean phase deviation . To demonstrate its applicability, we compare ideal sinusoidal patterns with SEM images obtained from LIPSS on stainless steel (AISI 316L) and aluminum alloy (AlMg5) surfaces, confirming the software’s ability to objectively distinguish between varying levels of structural regularity. ReguΛarity facilitates high-throughput analysis and data-driven process optimization in surface engineering and laser materials processing.
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Image processing
KW - Regularity quantification
KW - Fourier analysis
KW - Structural homogeneity
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654070
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.165919
SN - 0169-4332
VL - 726
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-65407
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maul, Ronald
A1 - Müller, C.
A1 - Rieß, Stephanie
A1 - Koch, Matthias
A1 - Methner, F.-J.
A1 - Nehls, Irene
T1 - Germination induces the glucosylation of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in various grains
N2 - In food, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) often occurs in conjunction with its 3-β-D-glucopyranoside (D3G). The transformation of DON to D3G through glucosylation is catalysed by plant enzymes, however, the exact circumstances are not well understood. In order to investigate the role of enzymatic glucosylation in germinating grains, DON treated kernels were steeped and germinated under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the effect of malting on the DON content of the contaminated barley was investigated. In all cases, DON and its derivatives were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS before, during and after the experiments. Amongst the six tested cereals; wheat, rye, barley, spelt, and millet transformed DON to D3G during germination whilst the oats were inactive. For wheat, barley, and spelt the initial DON content was reduced by 50%, with the loss being almost entirely accounted for by D3G formation. As D3G might be cleaved during digestion, the elevated D3G concentration may obscure the toxicologically relevant DON content in processed food and beer. The germination process has a major influence on the 'masking' of DON, leading to high quantities of D3G that may be missed in common mycotoxin analyses.
KW - Mycotoxins
KW - Masked mycotoxins
KW - Deoxynivalenol (DON)
KW - DON-3-glucoside
KW - Acetyl-DON
KW - Germination
KW - Malting
PY - 2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.077
SN - 0308-8146
VL - 131
IS - 1
SP - 274
EP - 279
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ; Jena
AN - OPUS4-25732
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -