TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir T1 - Dynamic testing of tracks and track sites before and after construction, after damage and after repair N2 - The Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM) has collected some experience with the testing of damaged, repaired and newly constructed railway tracks. The experimental methods are hammer testing of the track at different positions, hammer testing of the soil, measurement of train passages, and in all cases, measurements with geophones at different positions. The measured signals are evaluated for wave velocities (dispersion of the soil or the track-soil system), for transfer functions (transfer admittances of the soil, compliances of the track in amplitude and phase), and one-third octave band spectra of the track response to hammer and train excitation. These methods are applied at different stages of the track construction. Before track construction, wave velocities and transfer functions of the sub-soil can indicate problems with soft soils. After track construction, a check of the acceptable state of the track can be done by comparison of many excitation positions and track sites. After a track damage (a lose sleeper or a lose plate of a slab track) and after its repair, the sensitivity of the different measurement quantities to different track errors and the achieved improvement of the repair can be determined. The contribution shows examples of all these track situations. T2 - First International Conference on Rail Transportation CY - Chengdu, China DA - 10.7.2017 KW - Track damage KW - Dynamic testing KW - Hammer tests KW - Train passages PY - 2017 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Southwest Jiaotong University CY - Chengdu, China AN - OPUS4-42090 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir T1 - Dynamik von Stahlbetonbrücken - Messprojekte aus dem Eisenbahn und Straßenverkehr N2 - An drei Straßenbrücken unterschiedlicher Länge und Bauart wurden vor Inbetriebnahme ambiente Schwingungsmessungen mit bis zu 350 Messpunkten durchgeführt, um auch höhere Eigenformen detaillierter zu ermitteln. An einer Eisenbahnbrücke der Strecke Hannover-Würzburg wurden bei Testzugfahrten mit definierten Geschwindigkeiten verschiedene Resonanzanregungen beobachtet. Dies wird mit dem Achsfolgespektrum des ganzen Zuges erklärt, wobei eher spezifische Frequenzauslöschungen als Resonanzanregungen maßgeblich sind. T2 - 8. Symposium Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Baukonstruktionen CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 24.09.2015 PY - 2015 SN - 1613-6934 N1 - Serientitel: Schriftenreihe Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau Dresden – Series title: Schriftenreihe Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau Dresden IS - 40 SP - 17 EP - 29 CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-34951 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Environmental vibration due to normal and extreme excitation: railway traffic, explosions and heavy mass drop tests T2 - ISEV 2007, 3rd International Symposium on Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation CY - Taipei, Taiwan DA - 2007-11-28 PY - 2007 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-18408 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Schmid, Wolfgang A1 - Wuttke, Wilfried T1 - Experimental and theoretical building and foundation behaviour T2 - EVACES'09 - Experimental vibration analysis for civil engineering structures CY - Wroclav, Poland DA - 2009-10-14 PY - 2009 SN - 978-83-7125-184-9 N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings SP - 133 EP - 142 AN - OPUS4-31259 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir ED - Zhai, W. ED - Takemiya, H. ED - De Roeck, G. ED - Tutumluer, E. T1 - Experimental soil parameters by different evaluation methods for impulsive, train and ambient excitation T2 - ISEV 2011 - 5th International symposium on environmental vibration - Advances in environmental vibration CY - Chengdu, China DA - 2011-10-20 KW - Wave velocity KW - Dispersion KW - SASW KW - MASW KW - SPAC KW - Damping PY - 2011 SN - 978-7-03-032373-6 SP - 3 EP - 9 PB - Science Press AN - OPUS4-24807 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Rohrmann, R. T1 - Measurement and evaluation tools for ground and building vibrations from industrial pro-cesses, construction work, traffic and other sources N2 - Vibration measurements have many causes and many technical and natural sources. Problems can sometimes be solved by short-term measurements, but in many cases, a long-term measurement is necessary. In long-term measurements of days, weeks, months and even years, it is easy to collect a huge quantity of raw data, but at the end, the post-processing of these data can be exhausting (for example one-year vibration data of a wind energy tower). A software has been developed which con-sists of measuring and evaluation routines where the measuring routines can operate different meas-uring systems and different measuring cards. The main advantage of this software is the fact that the interesting evaluations can be integrated in the measuring process so that the characteristics of the vibration can be extracted without storing all the raw data. Only important time segments are stored, for example train passages. The overall concept of the software and the main evaluation routines will be described in some details. Examples of our measurement experience will illustrate the capabilities of the software. 1) Surveying construction work in nearby sensitive buildings (for example an old wind tunnel), including a stable alarm system and meaningful vibration limits. 2) Prediction of train-induced vibration for a planned building to prevent annoyance and to improve the building design. 3) Modal analysis and long term measurements of several single- or multi-span, concrete or steel bridges 4) Modal and wave analysis of coupled floors in a historical building (“Neues Palais” at Potsdam). 5) Soil properties of various measurement sites (different routines to evaluate the dispersion). Moreover, from many projects, amplitudes, frequencies, and attenuation laws have been collected and analysed for the different sources such as vibratory or impact pile driving and ground compaction, demolition work with different machines, blasting in quarries and in tunnel works, bomb and mine clearing. T2 - 28th International Congress on Sound and Vibration CY - Online meeting DA - 24.07.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Building vibration KW - Measurement KW - Evaluation KW - Modes KW - Waves PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-56602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir T1 - Measurement of slab track behaviour at different sites N2 - Measured train passages and hammer impacts in combination with track-soil calculation have been successfully used for the detection of damaged slab tracks. This approach is now extended to intact slab and ballast tracks. The vibrations of many tracks have been measured at several levels from rail, sleeper, track plate, base plate, base layer to the subsoil by velocity or acceleration sensors. The time histories have to be integrated once or twice to get the displacements. The displacement signals include an arbitrary time-dependent shift which must be eliminated or respected in the interpretation. On the other hand, the calculation of slab and ballast tracks have been done in frequency-wavenumber domain. The displacements along the track and the frequency-dependent compliance transfer functions can be calculated. The latter can be compared with the results of the hammer impacts on the track. The deformation of the track can be transformed to time histories for a whole train and compared to the measured train passages. Many slab (and ballast) tracks have been measured at different sites. The displacements of the tracks are presented, and the following parameters have been analysed in the measurement results: slab track vs. ballast track, different types of slab tracks, damaged slab tracks, different trains, switches at different measuring points, an elastic layer, the mortar layer, different soils at different places. The soil should have the dominant influence on the track-plate displacements. Slab and ballast track yield also big differences in maximum displacement and width of deformation. Some of the preceding aspects will be analysed in comparison of measurement and theory. T2 - 26th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV26) CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 07.07.2019 KW - Displacements KW - Slab track KW - Train passage KW - Hammer impact KW - Vibration measurements PY - 2019 SN - 978-1-9991810-0-0 SN - 2329-3675 SP - T15RS01_316_1 EP - T15RS01_316_8 PB - Canadian Acoustical Association CY - Montreal, Kanad AN - OPUS4-48498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Rohrmann, R. T1 - Natural frequencies and modes of poles, beams, floors, road and rail bridges N2 - In the last three decades, the vibrations of many floors and bridges have been measured. The contribution shows some evaluation methods, experimental results and some modelling and theoretical results. Simple evaluation methods have been developed for single and coupled floors. Two coupled beams have been measured in good agreement with the theory. A more complex coupling model has been found for a large wooden floor in a castle consisting of six floor bays which correlates well with the measurements. Damaged and intact poles have been tested by their natural frequencies and damping values, and a fair correlation between the degree of damage and the shift of the frequency. Road bridges have been analysed in detail and some examples are presented. Railway bridges and trains are studied for resonant excitation. The risk of resonance can be estimated in frequency domain by using axle-sequence spectra of the train and the natural frequencies of the bridge. A measurement example shows the amplification, but even stronger the cancellation of the subsequent axle responses. Several high-speed trains and freight trains have been analysed for their potential resonance amplification. T2 - International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering (ISMA/USD 2020) CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2020 KW - Modalanalyse KW - Bauwerke KW - Bauteile KW - Brücken KW - Achsfolgespektren PY - 2020 SP - 1573 EP - 1585 PB - KULeuven CY - Leuven AN - OPUS4-51211 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Prediction of explosion-induced ground and building vibrations - measured wave velocities, transfer functions and attenuation N2 - Explosion-induced ground vibrations have been measured at several places. Results about the wave propagation are shown in this contribution. The particle velocities of the soil have been measured at up to 1000 m distance from the explosion and are presented as time records (seismograms) and one-third octave band spectra (transfer functions). The results are compared with the results of hammer impacts. The seismograms clearly show different wave types, compressional waves of the air, the water and the soil, and the Rayleigh wave. The hammer impacts yield good results up to 100 m and incorporate higher frequencies at about 50 Hz, whereas the explosion results in a ground vibration with frequencies around 10 Hz and a longer range of influence. Explosion and hammer excitations are evaluated for the wave velocities of the soil by using the wavenumber and the spatial auto-correlation method. The attenuation of the ground vibration amplitudes A with distance r can well be presented by a power law A ~ r -q. This type of amplitude-distance law and the corresponding power q > 1 are substantiated in the contribution. The influence of the charge weight W is evaluated as an additional power law A ~ W -p for each measuring site. The power is found quite similarly around q  0.6 as all sites have a medium soft soil such as sand and clay. The obtained amplitude-charge-distance law can be used to predict the explosion-induced ground and building vibrations at other sites. T2 - International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV25) CY - Hiroshima, Japan DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Prediction of explosion induced ground and building vibration KW - Explosion-induced ground vibrations KW - Hammer impact KW - Soil properties KW - Amplitude-distance laws KW - Amplitude-charge weight laws PY - 2018 SN - 978-83-7880-552-6 SN - 2329-3675 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Silesian University of Technology Press CY - Gliwice, Poland AN - OPUS4-45506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rücker, Werner A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir T1 - Reduzierung von Schienenverkehrserschütterungen T2 - D-A-CH-Tagung CY - Zürich, Schweiz DA - 1997-09-25 PY - 1997 IS - D 145 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) PB - SIA CY - Zürich AN - OPUS4-11581 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -