TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, H.-J. A1 - Mack, J. A1 - Wu, D. A1 - Xue, Z.-L. A1 - Descalzo López, Ana Belén A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Kobayashi, N. A1 - Shen, Z. T1 - Synthesis and properties of fused-ring-expanded porphyrins that were core-modified with group 16 heteroatoms N2 - The synthesis of a series of novel core-modified and fused-ring-expanded tetraphenylporphyrins is reported. Theoretical calculations and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements were used to analyze the effect of core modification with Group 16 oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium atoms on the optical properties and electronic structures of the porphyrins. Marked redshifts of the Q and B bands and accelerated intersystem-crossing rates were observed, thus making these compounds potentially suitable for use in a variety of applications. The scope for further fine-tuning of these optical properties based on additional structural modifications, such as the incorporation of fused benzene rings to form ABAB structures by using a thiophene precursor with a fused bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene ring and the introduction of various substituents onto the meso-phenyl rings, is also examined. KW - Density functional calculations KW - Fluorescence KW - MCD spectroscopy KW - Porphyrinoids KW - Ring expansion PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201200956 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 18 IS - 52 SP - 16844 EP - 16867 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-27488 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Barnabas, I. A1 - Ordogh, M. A1 - Shirai, K. A1 - Saegusa, T. A1 - Cho, C.-H. A1 - Kook, D. A1 - Lopez, J. F. A1 - Conde, J. M. A1 - Alejano, C. A1 - Lloret, M. A1 - Quecedo, M. A1 - Shea, J. A1 - Ross, P. J. A1 - White, N. A1 - Rossiter, G. A1 - Hodgson, Z. A1 - Sorenson, K. A1 - McConnell, P. A1 - Hanson, B. ED - Sorenson, K. ED - Shirai, K. ED - Völzke, Holger T1 - Extended storage collaboration program - International subcommittee report - International perspectives on technical data gaps associated with extended storage and transportation of used nuclear fuel N2 - The US Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) chartered a volunteer committee in November 2009 to share information and data related to extended storage and subsequent transportation of used nuclear fuel. This committee is named the Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) and was initially comprised of representatives from industry (fuel and cask vendors, utilities, the Nuclear Energy Institute, and EPRI), as well as government (e.g., US Department of Energy) and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The primary motivation for establishing this committee was the recognition that used fuel will need to be stored past the regulatory licensing timeframe. In the US, this is mainly a result of the cessation of licensing activities for the planned Yucca Mountain repository. Recognizing that there is a global interest in extended storage and transportation, the International Subcommittee was established in December 2010 to extend the reach of ESCP internationally in order to fully address extended storage and transportation issues, as they apply to different systems, national policies, and regulations around the world. This Subcommittee serves to deepen the overall understanding of degradation mechanisms associated with storage and transportation systems, expand the access to data and programs related to extended storage and transportation, and strengthen the overall technical basis for programmatic decisions. The International Subcommittee established three basic objectives: 1. Conduct a technical data gap survey 2. Assess opportunities to leverage specific research to benefit the larger international group 3. Integrate our work with relevant International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) committee work This report constitutes completion of Objective #1. The International Subcommittee worked to identify and prioritize technical gaps that need to be addressed to support licensing activities within their own countries. Because there are varying types of storage and transportation system designs, national policies and regulations, there are identified commonalities as well as differences that stress the importance of this work on an international scale. Section 5 of this report identifies and prioritizes all of the identified data gaps for each participating organization. However, important data gaps were identified that had a consensus of opinion of being a high priority. These technical gaps, as a function of storage system component are: 1. Fuel – hydride effects on fuel cladding and retrievability of fuel after storage 2. Canister – general canister corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of canister closure welds, particularly in marine environments 3. Closure – degradation of bolts and seals (metallic and organic) 4. Overpack – concrete degradation Dry storage systems were originally designed for limited periods. With extended dry storage, it is generally believed that used fuel can be stored safely and securely past the regulatory time period. However, the technical arguments need to be made to justify extended licensing periods. Addressing the data gaps will provide the necessary arguments to justify license extensions. In the development of this report, the International Subcommittee met five times over a period of 18 months to work through the issues of identifying and prioritizing the data gaps, and discussing of technical issues as they pertain to the safety of used fuel storage and transportation. The meeting locations and dates were: 1. Vienna June 2010 2. London October 2010 3. Charlotte December 2010 4. Berlin June 2011 5. Charlotte December 2011 This report is not meant to be a technical document. Rather, it is an overview of country regulatory policy, a review of in-country operational status and used fuel inventory, followed by a role-up of identification and prioritization of technical data gaps. Technical documents that were used in the data gap assessments are referenced. It is important to note that this document represents only the opinions of the contributors. This document in no way represents any official country position. The organizations providing support to the writing of this report are: Germany: - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Hungary: - Radioaktiv Julladekokat Kezelo Kozhasznu - Som System Kft. Japan: - Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry South Korea: - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute - Korea Radioactive Waste Management Corporation Spain: - Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear - ENRESA Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos - ENUSA Industrias Avanzadas United Kingdom: - EDF Energy - National Nuclear Laboratory Ltd. United States: - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - Sandia National Laboratories KW - Used/spent fuel dry storage KW - Used/spent fuel transportation KW - Extended used/spent nuclear fuel storage KW - High burnup spent fuel storage and transportation KW - Spent fuel storage and transportation KW - Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) KW - ESCP International Subcommittee PY - 2012 UR - https://www.epri.com/research/products/1026481 N1 - This final report was prepared as part of the volunteer Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP). VL - 1026481 SP - 1 EP - 132 PB - Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) CY - Palo Alto, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-27405 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -