TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Lewis, A. T1 - Metal Detector Test Trials in Germany and Croatia - ITEP Project 2.1.1.2 T2 - MATEST 2003 NDT Achievements and Challenges CY - Brijuni-Pula, Croatia DA - 2003-09-28 KW - Demining KW - Metal detectors KW - Reliability tests KW - ROC diagrams KW - Test and evaluation KW - CWA07 PY - 2003 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 1(?) EP - 15(?) AN - OPUS4-2784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Computertomographie und Bildverarbeitung für die industrielle Radiologie, ein internationales Symposium PY - 2003 SN - 1616-069X SN - 0948-5112 VL - 86 SP - 12 EP - 14 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2787 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Erste Fachtagung Kampfmittelbeseitigung T2 - 1. Fachtagung Kampfmittelbeseitigung CY - Bad Kissingen, Deutschland DA - 2003-10-22 KW - Definition Kampfmittel KW - Fundmunition KW - Minen KW - Sprengstofffunde PY - 2003 SP - 1(?) EP - 4(?) AN - OPUS4-2788 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Auswirkung der Röntgenenergie auf das Bildergebnis T2 - 4. BAM-Workshop: "Durchstrahlungsprüfung für die öffentliche Sicherheit" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-06-12 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3379 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Bildbearbeitung T2 - Pre-Workshop zum 4. BAM-Workshop: "Durchstrahlungsprüfung für die öffentliche Sicherheit" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-06-12 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3462 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Pries, A.R. T1 - Interaction of albumin with the endothelial cell surface KW - Electron spin resonance KW - Molecular mobility KW - Endothelial surface layer PY - 2002 SN - 0002-9513 VL - 283 SP - H398 EP - H405 PB - American Physiological Society CY - Bethesda, Md. AN - OPUS4-1980 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - EFNDT WG5 APMD, achievements and future tasks N2 - The existence of some 100 million active mines threatens human life and curtails substantially the economic base in over 70 countries. Humanitarian demining is tedious and it currently only employs metal detectors, prodders, dogs and armoured mechanical vehicles. Achieving a world free of mines within a period of 10 years as stipulated in international treaties requires safer and more efficient technologies. In response to this challenge the Working Group 5 of the European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing (EFNDT WG5) was founded in Berlin in March 1999. The subject of this working group now consisting of 50 members from 17 countries is the detection of antipersonnel mines (APMD). The basic idea was to investigate existing NDT methods into their ability to aid mine detection. The scope of activities ranged from collecting available information, setting up links to related organisation, defining terminology and standards to selecting dedicated research projects. Since some of these tasks are already conducted by other organisations on an European and international level the attention of the working group has been focused mainly on two R&D areas and on reliability assessment studies. Otherwise, EFNDT WG5 APMD nevertheless remains open to novel approaches in mine detection. Aim of all activities is to provide deminers with safer and more efficient tools than merely with prodders and metal detectors currently used for their dangerous task. T2 - 8th ECNDT CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 2002-06-17 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt02/455/455.htm SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Barcelona AN - OPUS4-1981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Bedrohung durch Minen, können zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden zur Beseitigung beitragen? PY - 2002 SN - 1616-069X SN - 0948-5112 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2009 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Malitte, Hans-Joachim A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Radiographic Imaging for Assessment of UXO, Suspected of Chemical Warfare Material N2 - Radiography is a helpful method to identify the inherent structure of unexploded ordnances (UXO’s). Portable Computed Radiography (CR) systems on the basis of phosphor imaging plates , have attracted attention for NDT-applications during the last few years. A portable IP system “ACR 2000” has been tested for X-ray inspection of UXO's in the field. Digitised radiographs are presented to explain the needs and demands for a reliable characterisation of UXO's. Computed radiographs of UXO’s are compared with film radiographs exposed in the same way, to evaluate the reliability and to identify advantages and disadvantages of the CR system for UXO inspection. Film based and CR systems provide sufficient information for identification of chemical warfare agents in UXO's, which is an essential problem for explosive ordnance disposal. The advantages and the potential of the portable CR system is discussed on the basis of experiences gathered during different field trails. T2 - 8th ECNDT CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 2002-06-17 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt02/146/146.htm PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Barcelona AN - OPUS4-1996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Technologies and Recent Developments to Inspect Suspicious Objects (Principles) T2 - EFNDT Working Group 5 - for Antipersonnel Mines Detection CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 2002-03-04 PY - 2002 VL - 5 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-1982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Durchstrahlungstechniken zur Untersuchung gefährlicher Objekte T2 - BAM-Fachgruppen-Kolloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-03-22 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1983 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Strahlenprüfung für innere Sicherheit T2 - 2. Internationale Fachmesse für Polizei- und Spezialausrüstung CY - Münster, Deutschland DA - 2002-06-04 PY - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-1984 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Bildbearbeitung T2 - Pre-Workshop zum 4. BAM-Workshop "Durchstrahlungsprüfung für die öffentliche Sicherheit" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2002-06-12 PY - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-1985 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Auswirkung der Röntgenenergie auf das Bildergebnis T2 - 4. BAM-Workshop "Durchstrahlungsprüfung für die öffentliche Sicherheit" CY - Berlin, BAM, Deutschland DA - 2002-06-12 PY - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-1986 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Demonstration von Beispielen zur Bildverarbeitung von radiologischen Aufnahmen (Speicherfolien) T2 - Veranstaltung der bundeswehr zum Thema Kampfmittelbeseitigung, Vorstellung EOD/IEDD Gerät für MOE Staaten CY - Klietz, Germany DA - 2002-07-31 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1987 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Technologies and Recent Developments to Inspect Suspicious Objects (update and details) T2 - EFNDT Working Group 5 - for Antipersonnel Mines Detection CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 2002-09-07 PY - 2002 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-1988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Moherndl, A1 - Papenfuß, A1 - Schulz, J. A1 - Rinnebach, A1 - Kempgen, A1 - Becker, A1 - Michel, S. T1 - Podiumsdiskussion - Pro und Contra: Filmersatz durch digitale Medien, Empfehlung für die Zukunft T2 - 4. BAM-Workshop "Durchstrahlungsprüfung für die öffentliche Sicherheit" CY - Berlin, BAM, Deutschland DA - 2002-06-12 PY - 2002 VL - 4 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-1989 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Anwendung von Röntgenblitzröhren T2 - Workshop, BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2001-04-26 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-3302 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Ability of Non-Destructive Testing to Contribute to Humanitarium Mine Detection and Clearance T2 - Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC), Humanitarian Security (HS), Joint Research Centre (JRC) CY - Ispra, Italy DA - 2002-05-06 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3257 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Anwendung von Röntgenblitzröhren T2 - BAM-Workshop 2001 CY - Berlin, BAM, Deutschland DA - 2001-04-26 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-1180 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Characterization of explosive devices by radiological methods T2 - MATEST 2001 "Non-Destructive Testing in Environmental Protection" CY - Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 2001-09-23 KW - Unexploded ordnance (UXO) KW - Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) KW - Improvised explosive devices (IED) KW - Radiological inspection KW - Image processing PY - 2001 SP - 15 EP - 26 AN - OPUS4-1163 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Malitte, Hans-Joachim A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Mobile Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Untersuchungen kampfstoffverdächtiger Objekte mit der Speicherfolientechnik PY - 2002 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 44 IS - 10 SP - 414 EP - 419 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-2079 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Alekseychuk, Oleksandr A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Radiographic and tomographic testing of wood T2 - ECNDT Berlin 2006, 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Weiss, P. T1 - Einsatzmöglichkeiten mobiler Röntgenblitzröhren T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2003: Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung - ZfP in Anwendung, Entwicklung und Forschung CY - Mainz, Germany DA - 2003-05-26 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4473 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Beckmann, Jörg T1 - Digitale Radiographie und Bildverarbeitung zur Untersuchung von Fundmunition T2 - 5. Fachtagung Kampfmittelbeseitigung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2003-03-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4476 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - On Human Perception of 3D Images T2 - International Symposium on Computed Tomography and Image Processing for Industrial Radiology CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-06-23 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Minendetektion, verfigbare und zukünftige Verfahren T2 - Seminar "easyMine" (Realistic and systematic mine detection simulation tool) im DLR CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-02-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4468 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe T1 - Bilder sehen - Objekte erkennen T2 - Gemeinsames Kolloqium FG 341, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-05-13 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5521 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Malitte, Hans-Joachim A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Leistung von Röntgenblitzröhren T2 - Workshop "USBV an Personen", Bundeskriminalamt CY - Wiesbaden, Germany DA - 2004-06-07 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5522 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Physiologie des Sehens, was kann die Technik daraus lernen? T2 - DGZfP-UA Bildverarbeitung in der Durchstrahlungsprüfung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-06-22 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5523 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Richter, Heike A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - THz-Forschung in der BAM T2 - THz Harz Workshop der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Arbeitsgruppe Terahertz-Systemtechnik, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik CY - Altenau, Germany DA - 2004-09-19 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5524 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Digital images as precious tools, visual emphasis and limitations T2 - Annual Meeting, Ges. f. Mikrozirkulation und vaskuläre Biologie, Deutsches Herzzentrum CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-10-07 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5525 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Digital images and visual perception, a key tool in NDT T2 - MATEST 2004 Conference "Competence & Safety", CrSNDT, CD ISBN 953-96225-9-X, PDF CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 2004-10-14 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5526 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Human perception of images T2 - 5th BAM-DIN-Workshop on Image Technology CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2005-04-18 PY - 2005 UR - http://www.ps.bam.de/info05/OST05.PDF SP - 16 pages PB - BAM CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-11864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Non-Destructive Testing of Wood by Radiography N2 - Throughout human history, wood has been used for various purposes: for building shelters, houses and bridges, for manufacturing furniture and household or agricultural appliances (from ploughs to spoons), as burning material or simply as walking sticks. Contemporarily, vast amounts of wood are going into paper production. As a consequence, different qualities of wood are selected appropriately for the various applications. Beams incorporated into buildings and constructions have to be sturdy and durable; boards for furniture are supposed to be free of knots or are expected to have certain ornamental structures. As long as wood is not simply destined for burning it should be free of undesired knots or internal damages such as rot or worm holes. Particularly in cases of infestation with wood destroying fungi that definitely impairs mechanical strength and even may generate hollows such damages are frequently invisible from the outside. Radiographic methods are capable to detect internal damages as well as hidden knots without the need of drilling holes or cutting a specimen to pieces. The most thoroughly method to visualise the interior of a wooden specimen is tomography which shows annual growth rings in their complete circumference and all the knots or damages that might be included. However, some of them as well as patterns of annual rings suitable for dendrological investigations are recognisable with a less laborious method that might be applicable even in the field, i.e. contemporary digital radiography combined with image processing. Samples of lumber shall be presented showing the typical annual ring structures and some infested areas. T2 - MATEST 2005 CY - Opatija, Croatia DA - 2005-10-06 KW - NDT of wood KW - Quality of wood KW - Tomography KW - Presentation of spatial data KW - Digital radiography KW - Image processing KW - Noise KW - On-site radiography PY - 2005 SN - 953-7283-00-3 SP - 108 EP - 119 PB - Croatian Society of Non-Destructive Testing (CrSNDT) CY - Opatija AN - OPUS4-11865 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Mobile radiographische Untersuchung von Holz und Bäumen T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung CY - Rostock, Deutschland DA - 2005-05-02 KW - Digitale Radiographie KW - Mobiles Röntgen PY - 2005 SN - 3-931381-64-1 N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 94-CD SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-11866 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Selective removal of stochastic artefacts from digigal neutron radiographic images T2 - FNDA 2011, Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications, 2 nd international Workshop CY - Ein-Gedi, Israel DA - 2011-11-06 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25092 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Krstelj, V. A1 - Zvizdic, D. T1 - Repositioning of the EFNDT WG 5 T2 - Croatian Society of NDT, MATEST 2011 CY - Split, Croatia DA - 2011-11-02 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25096 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Krstelj, V. A1 - Zvizdic, D. T1 - Repositioning of the EFNDT WG 5 T2 - Croatian Society of NDT, MATEST 2011 CY - Split, Croatia DA - 2011-11-02 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25098 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - EFNDT Marine Forum T2 - Croatian Society of NDT, Constitutive Meeting of the EFNDT Marine Non-Destructive Forum CY - Split, Croatia DA - 2011-11-03 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25099 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Einstrahlgeometrie und Erkennbarkeit von Objekten in der Röntgenrückstreuradiographie N2 - Abweichend von der gängigen Vorgehensweise, mit einem Bleistiftstrahl die Lage eines Bildpunktes festzulegen und die rückgestreute Strahlung großflächig aufzunehmen, bietet die neu entwickelte Kamera Unabhängigkeit von Einstrahl- und Blickrichtung. Ausgestattet mit einer 'Optik' für hochenergetische Strahlung, wie die bereits beschriebene Schlitzblendenkamera, ist die variable Gestaltung von Einstrahl- und Blickrichtung möglich. Damit eröffnet sich die Chance, Strahlung absorbierende Details in einem Objekt sichtbar werden zu lassen, die sonst von einer streuenden Umgebung überstrahlt würden. Zudem wird gezeigt, wie sich das Erscheinungsbild von Objekten umgebungsbedingt im Rückstreubild ändern kann. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011 CY - Bremen, Deutschland DA - 30.05.2011 KW - Röntgenrückstreuradiographie KW - Schlitzblendenkamera KW - Varibale Einstrahlgeometrie PY - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-250627 SN - 978-3-940283-33-7 IS - DGZfP-BB 127 (Poster 20) SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-25062 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Zvizdic, D. A1 - Krstelj, V. T1 - Die EFNDT Arbeitsgruppe 5 'Öffentliche Sicherheit mit ZfP-Techniken' neu formiert N2 - Für die öffentliche Sicherheit wird gesorgt, indem Gefahren rechtzeitig entdeckt werden. Deren Ursprung kann im technischen oder menschlichen Versagen liegen, womit im englischen Sprachraum zwischen 'Safety' und 'Security' unterschieden wird. Hinsichtlich der Folgen verschwimmt aber dieser Unterschied, obwohl für deren Verhinderung unterschiedliche Zuständigkeiten existieren. Bezüglich des gemeinsamen Interesses und auch überlappender Methoden und Vorgehensweisen würden beide Seiten gewinnen können, wenn es eine Brücke zwischen ihnen gäbe. Eine solche zu schaffen hat sich die EFNDT Arbeitsgruppe (Working Group) 5 zur Aufgabe gestellt. Gestaltet werden soll sie durch gemeinsame Veranstaltungen und Seminaren, die zur Bildung von Konsortien und der Durchführung gemeinsamer Projekte führen sollen. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 03.05.2011 KW - EFNDT Working Group 5 KW - Technische und öffentliche Sicherheit KW - Gemeinsamkeiten in ZfP und öffentlicher Sicherheit KW - Brückenbildung zwischen Zuständigkeitsbereichen PY - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-250631 SN - 978-3-940283-33-7 VL - 127 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25063 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Hasenstab, A. A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Schillinger, B. T1 - Partielle Tomographie mit Neutronen zur Beurteilung von Leimschichten in Holz N2 - Verleimte Holzproben wurden je nach Größe mit thermischen (ANTARES) bzw. schnellen Neutronen (NECTAR) an der Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) der Technischen Universität München in Garching untersucht. Entweder ließen die durchstrahlbare Schichtdicke oder die eingeschränkte Strahlgeometrie es nicht zu, das Probenteil allseitig zu durchstrahlen. Um dennoch innere Strukturen wie Leimschichten zumindest mit einem eingeschränkten Winkelbereich tomographisch darzustellen, wurde mit Hilfe des Slice-Theorems erfolgreich rekonstruiert. Ein Brett von 2 cm Dicke wurde mit thermischen Neutronen erfolgreich untersucht, ein größeres mit schnellen. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 30.05.2011 KW - Neutronentomographie KW - Eingeschränkter Winkelbereich KW - Holz PY - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-250649 SN - 978-3-940283-33-7 VL - 127 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25064 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Aims and objectives of the EFNDT working group: 'NDT for public safety and security' N2 - The preservation of human achievements and progress is undoubtedly a pillar of our society. This includes detecting threats in time to prevent disasters that may occur from forces of nature, defective technology, human failure or malicious intent. In this respect, there is arguably no difference between safety and security, though different institutions are involved in the regulation and control of them. However, the unifying rationale ought to result in the building of bridges between them. This is the Working Group's mission. KW - Bridging technical safety and public security PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2011.53.6.331 SN - 0007-1137 VL - 53 IS - 6 SP - 331 EP - 333 PB - British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Northampton AN - OPUS4-25065 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Schillinger, B. A1 - Hasenstab, A. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Limited view tomography of wood with fast and thermal neutrons N2 - Neutrons are absorbed particularly by hydrogen containing materials so they can be used as a tool for visualising heterogeneous density distributions of organic materials. Penetration limits are set by the layer thicknesses and the neutron energies applied. In case of specimens with a flat shape the situation may be encountered that the object only could be penetrated in selected directions. In addition, the overall size may exceed the beam diameter and thus the viewing window if a certain region of interest should be studied by tomography without destroying the integrity of the specimen. This study shows the capabilities and limits of thermal and fast neutrons to investigate flat wooden specimens such as boards and girders by neutron tomography under such circumstances. Taking projections was impaired either by the limits of penetrability or by the total size of the object. As a consequence, projections were included for reconstruction only from a limited angular range of 90°. It could be shown that an approach based on the slice theorem was capable to visualise structural features along the beam directions while simply omitting the perpendicular ones without causing additional artefacts. Small samples with a thickness of up to 2 cm but several times broader could be studied with the ANTARES facility of the FRM II neutron source in Garching providing thermal neutrons while larger objects required a beam of higher energy as available in the NECTAR facility of the same institution. The fast (fission) neutrons (1.5 – 2 MeV) of this site allowed investigating an area of interest inside a girder with a cross section of 23.5 x 49 cm². Internal features such as inclusions could be detected as well as a heterogeneous density distribution in glue layers. T2 - International symposium on digital industrial radiology and computed tomography CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.06.2011 KW - Computed tomography KW - Slice theoreme KW - Limited angle tomography PY - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-250663 SN - 978-3-940283-34-4 VL - 128 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25066 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - How can Risk and Reliability being Assessed? T2 - EFNDT Working Group 5 Workshop 2011 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-09-26 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25081 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - EFNDT Working Group 5, from mines to any kind of threats T2 - EFNDT Working Group Workshop 2011 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-09-26 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25083 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Zvizdic, D. A1 - Krstelj, V. T1 - Die EFNDT Arbeitsgruppe 5 "Öffentliche Sicherheit mit ZfP-Techniken" neu formiert T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011, Poster 43 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 2011-05-30 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25084 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Einstrahlgeometrie und Erkennbarkeit von Objekten in der Röntgenrückstreuradiographie T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011, Poster 20 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 2011-05-30 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25085 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Hasenstab, A. A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Schillinger, B. T1 - Partielle Tomographie mit Neutronen zur Beurteilung von Leimschichten in Holz T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011, Mi.4.B.2 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 2011-05-30 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25087 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Krstelj, V. A1 - Zvizdic, D. T1 - Detection Technologies - Common Concepts in Security and Safety T2 - Future Security 2011 (Fraunhofer) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-09-05 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25089 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Schillinger, B. A1 - Hasenstab, A. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Limited View Tomgraphy of Wood with Fast and Thermal Neutrons T2 - International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography - Poster 14 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-06-20 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25100 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - X-ray Backscatter: The Appearence of Certain Features Depending on the Illumination T2 - Croatian Society of NDT, MATEST 2011 CY - Split, Croatia DA - 2011-11-02 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25101 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma T1 - Safety and Security: How to Assess Risk T2 - Croatian Society of NDT, MATEST 2011 CY - Split, Croatia DA - 2011-11-02 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25257 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Lierse von Gostomski, C. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Bock, S. T1 - Filtering algorithm for dotted interferences N2 - An algorithm has been developed to remove reliably dotted interferences impairing the perceptibility of objects within a radiographic image. This particularly is a major challenge encountered with neutron radiographs collected at the NECTAR facility, Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II): the resulting images are dominated by features resembling a snow flurry. These artefacts are caused by scattered neutrons, gamma radiation, cosmic radiation, etc. all hitting the detector CCD directly in spite of a sophisticated shielding. This makes such images rather useless for further direct evaluations. One approach to resolve this problem of these random effects would be to collect a vast number of single images, to combine them appropriately and to process them with common image filtering procedures. However, it has been shown that, e.g. median filtering, depending on the kernel size in the plane and/or the number of single shots to be combined, is either insufficient or tends to blur sharp lined structures. This inevitably makes a visually controlled processing image by image unavoidable. Particularly in tomographic studies, it would be by far too tedious to treat each single projection by this way. Alternatively, it would be not only more comfortable but also in many cases the only reasonable approach to filter a stack of images in a batch procedure to get rid of the disturbing interferences. The algorithm presented here meets all these requirements. It reliably frees the images from the snowy pattern described above without the loss of fine structures and without a general blurring of the image. It consists of an iterative, within a batch procedure parameter free filtering algorithm aiming to eliminate the often complex interfering artefacts while leaving the original information untouched as far as possible. KW - Neutron KW - Radiography KW - Tomography KW - Filtering KW - Evaluation KW - NECTAR PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.107 SN - 0168-9002 SN - 0167-5087 VL - 651 IS - 1 SP - 171 EP - 174 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-24917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Schwabe, A. A1 - Schillinger, B. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Radiography and partial tomography of wood with thermal neutrons N2 - The effective high neutron scattering absorption coefficient of hydrogen (48.5 cm²/g) due to the scattering allows neutrons to reveal hydrocarbon structures with more contrast than X-rays, but at the same time limits the sample size and thickness that can be investigated. Many planar shaped objects, particularly wood samples, are sufficiently thin to allow thermal neutrons to transmit through the sample in a direction perpendicular to the planar face but not in a parallel direction, due to increased thickness. Often, this is an obstacle that prevents some tomographic reconstruction algorithms from obtaining desired results because of inadequate information or presence of distracting artifacts due to missing projections. This can be true for samples such as the distribution of glue in glulam (boards of wooden layers glued together), or the course of partially visible annual rings in trees where the features of interest are parallel to the planar surface of the sample. However, it should be possible to study these features by rotating the specimen within a limited angular range. In principle, this approach has been shown previously in a study with fast neutrons [2]. A study of this kind was performed at the Antares facility of FRM II in Garching with a 2.6×107/cm² s thermal neutron beam. The limit of penetration was determined for a wooden step wedge carved from a 2 cm×4 cm block of wood in comparison to other materials such as heavy metals and Lucite as specimens rich in hydrogen. The depth of the steps was 1 cm, the height 0.5 cm. The annual ring structures were clearly detectable up to 2 cm thickness. Wooden specimens, i.e. shivers, from a sunken old ship have been subjected to tomography. Not visible from the outside, clear radial structures have been found that are typical for certain kinds of wood. This insight was impaired in a case where the specimen had been soaked with ethylene glycol. In another large sample study, a planar board made of glulam has been studied to show the glued layers. This study shows not only the limits of penetration in wood but also demonstrates access to structures perpendicular to the surface in larger planar objects by tomography with fast neutrons, even with incomplete sets of projection data that covers an angular range of only 90° or even 60°. KW - Neutron computed tomography KW - Limited angle tomography KW - Wood KW - Annual rings PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.02.095 SN - 0168-9002 SN - 0167-5087 VL - 651 IS - 1 SP - 236 EP - 239 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-24918 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Der EFNDT WG5 Workshop in Berlin Köpenick vom 22. bis 24. Oktober 2012 PY - 2012 UR - http://www.dgzfp.de/Portals/24/Zeitung/Ausgaben/Zeitung132.pdf#page=10 SN - 1616-069X SN - 0948-5112 VL - 132 SP - 12 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27549 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma ED - Aschenbruck, N. ED - Martini, P. ED - Meier, M. ED - Tölle, J. T1 - Safety and security, dealing with risks N2 - Reducing risks and confining them to an acceptable level can be regarded as an essential commitment of technical applications for safety purposes and the public security measures. Rating the efficiency of such measures requires an assessment of the risk that is supposed to be reduced. However, approaching this subject means to face a plethora of existing literature and an ongoing discussion if and how this can be achieved. On one hand, it remains a rather uncertain estimate particularly if it comes to rare interrupting events. On the other hand, making a decision responsibly requires a certain rational base. Several approaches exist for assessing risks, from verbal to quantitative, depending on the individual case. The frequently quoted Delphi technique represents the verbal one, others such as the Bayesian statistics a quantitative one or the consequence/probability matrix in-between. A problem remains with understanding probability. Even if an event is highly unlikely it may happen right now. T2 - Future Security 2012 - 7th Security research conference CCIS CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 2012-09-04 KW - Risk definition KW - Risk assessment KW - Public safety and security PY - 2012 UR - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-33161-9_13 SN - 978-3-642-33160-2 SN - 978-3-642-33161-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33161-9 SN - 1865-0929 SN - 1865-0937 VL - 318 SP - 77 EP - 80 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-27550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma T1 - Safety and Security, Dealing with Risks T2 - 7th FutureSecurity CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 2012-09-04 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27496 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Pfeil, Norbert A1 - Sudy, Irene T1 - Das Verständnis von Risiko und dessen Einschätzung T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung DGZfP CY - Graz, Austria DA - 2012-09-17 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27497 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Bildbearbeitung; automatische Eigenschaftserkennung versus visuelle Bearbeitung T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung DGZfP CY - Graz, Austria DA - 2012-09-17 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27498 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma T1 - Approaching an understanding of risk: a subject for the EFNDT Working Group 5 "NDT Technology for Public Security and Safety" T2 - 3rd EFNDT WG5 Workshop "NDT Technology for Public Security and Safety" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2012-10-22 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27499 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma T1 - Risk assessment techniques samples T2 - 3rd EFNDT WG5 Workshop "NDT Technology for Public Security and Safety" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2012-10-22 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27500 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - EFNDT Working Group 5, from mines to any kind of threats T2 - 3rd EFNDT WG5 Workshop "NDT Technology for Public Security and Safety" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2012-10-22 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27501 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Security research and expertise at the BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing T2 - Archimedes first End-User and Operator Driven Roundtable: Towards More Efficient Civil Aviation Security? CY - Berlin-Schönhagen, Germany DA - 2012-12-03 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27502 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe T1 - Ways of digital image processing to obtain fast and unbiased results N2 - The ultimate purpose of digital image filtering is to support the visual identification of certain features expressed by characteristic shapes and patterns. Numerous recipes, algorithms and ready made programs exist nowadays that predominantly have in common that users have to set certain parameters. Particularly if processing is fast and shows results rather immediately, the choice of parameters may be guided by making the image 'looking nice'. However, in practical situations most users are not in a mood to 'play around' with a displayed image, particularly if they are in a stressy situation as it may encountered in security applications. The requirements for the application of digital image processing under such circumstances will be discussed with an example of automatic filtering without manual parameter settings that even entails the advantage of delivering unbiased results. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 2012-04-16 KW - Digital Image Processing KW - Digital filter KW - Filter parameter KW - Unbiased image processing KW - Security PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 10 (Paper 284) AN - OPUS4-25875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma T1 - Approaching an understanding of risk: a subject for the EFNDT working group 5 'NDT technology for public security and safety' N2 - Safety and security both entail freedom from danger, i.e. unacceptable risk, whatever the cause might be. This entails an understanding of the term 'risk' that is broadly used in areas such as economics, health, insurance etc. According a rather popular definition used in the economical sciences for a long time (KNIGHT), risk has a lot in common with uncertainty while the former is regarded quantifiable and the latter one is not. However, it has to be taken into account that there are other understandings of 'uncertainty'. Particularly encountering rare events never experienced before and recent contemporary definitions are weakening Knightfs differentiation. This is reflected in some recent standard definitions. Attempts have been made to define a risk as common as possible covering not only societal, ecological and financial areas but also natural and technical, ones. This is of particular concern in non-destructive testing. This raises the question how far this can be achieved in a common understanding, i.e. the discussion on this term seems not at all finished yet. It is a common ambition to lower the risk by several actions including detection technologies. This entails that a risk could be estimated somehow. The existence of numerous approaches indicates the complexity of this question. The EFNDT (European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing) Working Group 5 took a commitment also to tackle this central aspect of safety and security in its understanding as a bridging forum between these two areas. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 2012-04-16 KW - Risk definition KW - Risk assessment KW - Vocabulary standards KW - EFNDT Working Group 5 (WG5) PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 8 (Paper 474) AN - OPUS4-25876 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Image recovery by removing stochastic artefacts identified as local asymmetries N2 - Stochastic artefacts are frequently encountered in digital radiography and tomography with neutrons. Most obviously, they are caused by ubiquitous scattered radiation hitting the CCD-sensor. They appear as scattered dots and, at higher frequency of occurrence, they may obscure the image. Some of these dotted interferences vary with time, however, a large portion of them remains persistent so the problem cannot be resolved by collecting stacks of images and to merge them to a median image. The situation becomes even worse in computed tomography (CT) where each artefact causes a circular pattern in the reconstructed plane. Therefore, these stochastic artefacts have to be removed completely and automatically while leaving the original image content untouched. A simplified image acquisition and artefact removal tool was developed at BAM and is available to interested users. Furthermore, an algorithm complying with all the requirements mentioned above was developed that reliably removes artefacts that could even exceed the size of a single pixel without affecting other parts of the image. It consists of an iterative two-step algorithm adjusting pixel values within a 3 × 3 matrix inside of a 5 × 5 kernel and the centre pixel only within a 3 × 3 kernel, resp. It has been applied to thousands of images obtained from the NECTAR facility at the FRM II in Garching, Germany, without any need of a visual control. In essence, the procedure consists of identifying and tackling asymmetric intensity distributions locally with recording each treatment of a pixel. Searching for the local asymmetry with subsequent correction rather than replacing individually identified pixels constitutes the basic idea of the algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with a severely spoiled example of neutron radiography and tomography as compared with median filtering, the most convenient alternative approach by visual check, histogram and power spectra analysis. KW - Data processing methods KW - Image filtering KW - Pattern recognition KW - Cluster finding KW - Calibration and fitting methods PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/04/C04018 SN - 1748-0221 VL - 7 IS - April SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-25877 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Robbel, Joachim A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Hillemeier, B. T1 - Mobile Röntgenblitzröhren zum Auffinden von Holzschäden N2 - In diesem Beitrag wird die Anwendung von Radiographiesystemen zum Auffinden von Holzschäden beschrieben. Die Anlage besteht aus einer mobilen Röntgenblitzröhre und einem digitalen Radiographiesystem mit Speicherfolie oder einem Flachdetektor. An Hand der durchgeführten Versuche an Laub- und Nadelbäumen sowie an Eichenbalken der Marienkirche der Lutherstadt- Wittenberg wird die Detektion innerer Schäden gezeigt. T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2004 CY - Salzburg, Österreich DA - 2004-05-17 PY - 2004 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp04/papers/p15/p15.htm SN - 3-931381-55-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-5217 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. ED - Beyerer, J. T1 - Advanced radiological technologies for imaging and characterisation of threats T2 - 2nd Security Research Conference "Future Security" CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2007-09-12 KW - Threat Detection KW - Dual Energy KW - Multiple View Inspection KW - Terahertz Imaging KW - Explosives PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-86644-147-7 SP - 116 EP - 119 PB - Universitätsverl. CY - Karlsruhe AN - OPUS4-18348 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Visual perception of spatial subjects T2 - DIR 2007 - International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography CY - Lyon, France DA - 2007-06-25 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15952 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Threat detection and imaging T2 - Future Security 2nd Securtiy Research Conference CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2007-09-12 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15953 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Rädel, Christoph A1 - Weidemann, Gerd A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Bücherl, T. T1 - Durchstrahlungsprüfung von Holz T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Germany DA - 2007-05-14 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15954 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Rädel, Christoph A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Weidemann, Gerd A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Fast neutron radiography and tomography of wood as compared to photon based technologies T2 - DIR 2007 - International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography CY - Lyon, France DA - 2007-06-25 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15955 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Materialprüfung und Erkennung von Gefahren für die öffentliche Sicherheit T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Deutschland DA - 2007-05-14 KW - Gefahrstoffe KW - Sicherheit KW - Kontrollen KW - Gefahrstoffnachweis KW - EFNDT Arbeitsgruppe 5 PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931381-98-1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-16074 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Materialprüfung und Erkennung von Gefahren für die öffentliche Sicherheit T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Germany DA - 2007-05-14 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16028 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Elagin, Mstislav A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wilrich, P.-Th. T1 - Determination of reliability in demining and NDT N2 - The detection of defects in aircraft components or parts of a power plant or mines in the ground is connected with the task to distinguish between signals caused be the item searched for and noisy signals from other sources. The reliability of the system is the better the better the system is in detecting the wanted signal and avoiding false alarms caused by noise. It is usual to measure the reliability of diagnostic systems in terms of ROC-curves (Re-ceiver Operating Characteristics) and POD-curves (Probability of Detec-tion). The ROC curves describe the POD versus Probability of False Alarm with growing system sensitivity along the curve. POD curves describe the Probability of Detection for a fixed sensitivity for a variation of item sizes or depths. Reliability of the whole system is always a composition of the physics and technique, application influences and the human factors. For the scien-tific understanding and possibilities of improvement, decomposition accord-ing to a modular model is helpful. The authors present their experiences with the reliability evaluation of metal detectors for humanitarian demining and an NDT system of mechanized ultrasonic phased array testing of copper welds. The special concern in demining is the influence of soil types, detec-tors and the experiences of human beings. T2 - MATEST 2004 CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 2004-10-14 KW - Flaw Detection KW - Mine Detection KW - Prohability of Detection KW - Receiver Operating Characteristics KW - Metal Detector Test Trials PY - 2004 SN - 953-96225-9-X N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 183 EP - 201 AN - OPUS4-6047 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Rädel, Christoph A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Buecherl, T. A1 - Hasenstab, A. T1 - Fast neutron radiography and tomography of wood N2 - Wood is the material that has accompanied the whole development of mankind in various applications, for manufacturing tools and weapons, for buildings and constructions and also as fuel. It has various appearances and is subjected to decomposing changes, so there are sufficient arguments for non-destructive testing of wooden objects in the same way as is common practice with other technologically used materials. However, even today wood is rarely tested. Moreover, artefacts of cultural heritage containing wood are rare and delicate, so dismantling these for studying purposes is undesirable. Radiological inspection technologies are the methods of choice to provide a non-destructive insight. Interrogations of a specimen with various kinds of radiation provide different answers about their internal structures. High-quality detailed images are achievable with X-rays or gamma radiation in cases where heavy metals or other dense materials are not involved. Neutrons behave complementarily; they are avidly absorbed by light elements such as hydrogen on the one hand and yet are capable of easily penetrating heavy metals on the other. This provides an alternative for X-ray radiography and tomography when material characteristics are of primary interest rather than structural details, or when shielding with plates or sleeves of heavy metal severely impedes inspections with X-ray or gamma radiation technologies. However, due to the moderating effect of wooden samples it is essential to use fast neutrons for radiography and tomography of voluminous objects. Some typical examples described here will show the difference between neutron and X-ray photon-based radiographic technologies. KW - Materialgeschichtliches KW - Vergleich zwischen Röntgen- und Neutronenradiographie PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2008.50.6.307 SN - 0007-1137 VL - 50 IS - 6 SP - 307 EP - 311 PB - British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Northampton AN - OPUS4-18034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - EFNDT WG5: von Antipersonenminen zur öffentlichen Sicherheit KW - Themenerweiterung PY - 2006 SN - 1616-069X SN - 0948-5112 IS - 98 SP - 28 EP - 29 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14169 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Alekseychuk, Oleksandr A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Radiographic and Tomographic Testing of Wood T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - NDT of wood KW - Naturally grown material with individual structuring KW - Loss of integrity due to biological decay (rot) KW - CT KW - DR KW - IP PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 10(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Krstelj, V. T1 - EFNDT WG - From Landmines to Public Safety N2 - Some of the most perfidious remnants of war are mines threatening not only combating parties but also innocent civilian lives. Moreover, they make large areas inaccessible that otherwise could be used economically. This threat exists even long after cessation of hostile actions. Up to now, the range of tools for humanitarian demining is confined to mine detection dogs, metal detectors, prodders, manual excavation tools and mechanical clearance machines (flails and tillers). In 1999, this gave rise for the Board of Directors of the EFNDT to suggest whether detection methods commonly applied may also be helpful in detecting mines and the like. It was proposed to transfer existing NDT technology to these areas. As a consequence, Working Group 5 “Antipersonnel Landmine Detection (APLD)” was founded to support this concept. As soon as the group became aware of the fact that mines were encountered not only in the soil but also elsewhere the name was changed to “Antipersonnel Mine Detection (APMD)”. It now is becoming more and more obvious that vicious devises such as mines and bombs threatening lives everywhere represent an increasing risk to everybody. In contrast, the particular interest in antipersonnel mine detection is decreasing in favour of general security and safety. However, all these problems have in common that such devices need to be detected in time, i.e. before they become effective. This gives reason to extend the scope of the existing Working Group 5 accordingly. It is of advantage to exchange existing knowledge and there is a chance to keep the awareness of the mine problem alive by this way. T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - Working Group KW - NDT KW - Humanitarian Demining KW - Public Safety KW - Security KW - Detection Technology KW - Bomb threat PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1 EP - 10(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Böcker, W. A1 - Noske, R. T1 - Treat detection technologies covering an extended range of eventualities T2 - ECNDT 2006 9. Europäische Konferenz für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14312 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Testing Of Wooden Construction Elements with Ultrasonic Echo Technique and X-Ray T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - NDT of Wood PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14422 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Threat Detection Technologies Covering an Extended Range of Eventualities T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - Hazardous and toxic gasses and vapours KW - Warfare substances KW - Threats other than explosives KW - Multi-gas sensor KW - Detection technology PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 11(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14472 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe ED - Czichos, Horst ED - Tetsuya Saito, ED - Leslie Smith, T1 - Industrial Radiology KW - Fundamentals KW - Particle-Based Radiological Methods KW - Film Radiography KW - Digital Radiological Methods KW - Public Safety and Security PY - 2006 SN - 978-3-540-20785-6 SP - 844 EP - 858 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14473 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Trommsdorf, Stephan A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - WG5: Extended Scope - Extended Demand, How to Meet this Challenge? T2 - Mine Action Academy, Polytech, Velika Gorica CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 2006-04-04 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14532 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Durchstrahlungsprüfung von Holz und Kunstwerken T2 - Fachhochschule Potsdam CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 2006-12-19 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14533 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Threat detection technologies covering an extended range of eventualities T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT, ECNDT Berlin 2006 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14534 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Ewert, Uwe ED - Lauster, M. T1 - High energy X-ray radiography: detection of dangerous materials in cargo containers N2 - For the radiographic investigation of large cargo Containers the energies of conventional Xray tubes are inadequately for certain layer thicknesses. In that case the high energy radiation sources like electron accelerators and gamma radiators (60CO) are adequate for the non invasive inspection of large Containers because of the high penetration through thick materials. Multiple imaging even enables to distinguish between different materials. The main challenging task in air and sea cargo Container inspection is to improve the detectability of contraband and dangerous materials which are hidden in the heterogeneously packed Containers by detailed analysis of cluttered radiographic images. So it is to be expected that objects of organic substances like certain explosives or their precursors are hard to identify behind thick walls of heavy metal objects such as engine-blocks with flat bottom holes. The primary aim here is to investigate the detectability of dangerous materials (typically of light elements) in cargo Containers using high energy X-ray digital radiography. T2 - 8th Future security research conference CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.09.2013 KW - Hochenergieradiographie KW - Containerprüfung KW - Materialerkennung PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-8396-0604-9 SP - 461 EP - 462 PB - Fraunhofer Verlag AN - OPUS4-29326 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy T1 - EFNDT Working Group 5 - der Brückenschlag zwischen technischer und öffentlicher Sicherhheit N2 - Die Arbeitsgruppe 5 der Europäischen Föderation für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (EFNDT Working Group 5 'Public Security and Safety', EFNDT WG 5) verfolgt weiterhin das Ziel, organisatorisch weit auseinanderliegende Zuständigkeiten und Arbeitsgebiete zusammenzuführen, die weitgehend mit gleichen, zumindest ähnlichen Prinzipien und Methoden arbeiten. Auf der Suche nach neuen Wegen stoßen beide Seiten auf Gemeinsamkeiten. Dies gilt auch für neue Ansätze und Bewertungsmethoden von Techniken, mit denen Risiken vermindert werden sollen. Hierzu hat in Berlin ein Workshop im Oktober 2012 stattgefunden, auf dem parallele Projekte zur Container- und Frachtsicherheit zusammengeführt werden konnten. Herausgestellt wurde die Komplementarität der laufenden Projekte, gemeinsame Aspekte sollen künftig auch zusammen bearbeitet werden. Darüber hinaus wurden neue Methoden und Vorgehensweisen vorgestellt, aber auch die Sichtweise der Europäischen Kommission mit ihren Vorstellungen zu einem europäischen Markt für Sicherheitstechnik dargestellt. Angesprochen wurden bestehende und vorgeschlagene europaweite Regulierungen und das europäische Referenznetz zum Schutz kritischer Infrastrukturen (ERNCIP), welches ein Netzwerk von Laboratorien für den Test von Sicherheitstechnik zum Ziel hat. Auf technischem Sektor standen Methoden im Vordergrund, mit denen die Gesamtmenge eines Gefahrstoffes wie z. B. Sprengstoff erkannt werden kann, und nicht nur Spuren als indirekter Hinweis. Die Arbeitsgruppe konnte somit erstmalig ein neutrales Forum für parallel laufende Projekte zur öffentlichen Sicherheit zur Verfügung stellen. Die auf den Workshops 2010 bis 2012 in Berlin gehaltenen Vorträge sind auf der Webseite des EFNDT WG 5 im geschützten Bereich zu finden. Nicht alles davon ist geeignet, es der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen. Deshalb sind alle Vorträge aus den Workshops in einem passwortgeschützten Verzeichnis abgelegt. Die Erteilung des Passwortes erfolgt über den Convenor der Arbeitsgruppe durch die EFNDT. Eine Erweiterung dieser Struktur zu einem Austauschforum ist vorgeschlagen. Zur Teilnahme daran sind nicht nur Mitglieder in den Gesellschaften für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung eingeladen, sondern auch diejenigen, die in den Anwendungsgebieten zur öffentlichen Sicherheit tätig sind. KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (ZfP) KW - Brücke zur öffentlichen Sicherheit PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110479 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 55 IS - 7-8 SP - 582 EP - 587 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-29327 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Novel X-ray backscatter technique for detection of dangerous materials: application to aviation and port security N2 - Radiological inspections, in general, are the nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to detect the bulk of explosives in large objects. In contrast to personal luggage, cargo or building components constitute a complexity that may significantly hinder the detection of a threat by conventional X-ray transmission radiography. In this article, a novel X-ray backscatter technique is presented for detecting suspicious objects in a densely packed large object with only a single sided access. It consists of an X-ray backscatter camera with a special twisted slit collimator for imaging backscattering objects. The new X-ray backscatter camera is not only imaging the objects based on their densities but also by including the influences of surrounding objects. This unique feature of the X-ray backscatter camera provides new insights in identifying the internal features of the inspected object. Experimental mock-ups were designed imitating containers with threats among a complex packing as they may be encountered in reality. We investigated the dependence of the quality of the X-ray backscatter image on (a) the exposure time, (b) multiple exposures, (c) the distance between object and slit camera, and (d) the width of the slit. At the end, the significant advantages of the presented X-ray backscatter camera in the context of aviation and port security are discussed. KW - Inspection with x-rays KW - Detection of explosives KW - Compton imaging KW - Detection of defects PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/P09017 SN - 1748-0221 VL - 8 IS - 9 SP - P09017-1 EP - P09017-18 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-29329 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Hochenergieradiographie - Erkennung von Einzelheiten in großen, komplexen Schichttiefen N2 - Zur Durchstrahlung großer, dichter Objekte reichen die Energien, die mit normalen Röntgenröhren erzielt werden können, ab gewissen Schichtdicken nicht mehr aus. Als hochenergetische Strahlenquellen stehen Kobalt-60 und Elektronenbeschleuniger zur Verfügung. Als Einschränkung der Hochenergieradiographie ist der geringere Kontrast besonders beim Vorhandensein leichterer Objekte umgeben von Körpern bestehend aus schweren Elementen anzusehen. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass Objekte aus organischen Substanzen hinter dicken Schwermetallwänden oder in Bohrungen von Metallblöcken schwer zu erkennen sind. Im Gegensatz zu einem Gammastrahler wie Kobalt-60 mit den beiden Spektrallinien um 1,3 MeV besitzt die Bremsstrahlung aus einem Beschleuniger einen wesentlichen Anteil an niederenergetischer Strahlung, der fließend zu höheren Energien übergeht. Es wird hier untersucht, welche Signaturen von leichten Materialien in einer Umgebung aus Schwermetall bis zu welcher Dicke und bis zu welchem Komplexizitätsgrad erkennbar sind. Mit einem Betatron (JME X-ray Betatron 7,5 MeV) und einem Matrixdetektor (Perkin Elmer XRD 1621) wurden Aufnahmen von unterschiedlichen leichten Objekten angefertigt, die zunehmend in eine Umgebung aus Schwermetallen gestellt wurden. Mit unterschiedlichen Energieeinstellungen wurde untersucht, inwieweit eine Materialerkennung hinter welcher Abschirmung möglich ist. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mit Simulationen verglichen, die mit einer Software zur Modellierung von Durchstrahlungsverfahren (aRTist) erzeugt wurden. Dabei wird dem Problem der Aufhärtung bei Anwendung von Bremsstrahlung Rechnung getragen. Die Ergebnisse können sowohl zur Erkennung von Fremdkörpern in Maschinen oder Pumpen als auch zur Überprüfung von Frachtladungen im Bereich der öffentlichen Sicherheit und bei Zollkontrollen dienen. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2013 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.05.2013 KW - Hochenergieradiographie KW - Containerprüfung KW - Materialerkennung PY - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-288589 SN - 978-3-940283-49-8 IS - DGZfP-BB 141 (Mo.2.A.4) SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-28858 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Hochenergieradiografie - Erkennung von Einzelheiten in großen, komplexen Schichttiefen N2 - Zur Durchstrahlung großer, dichter Objekte reichen die Energien, die mit normalen Röntgenröhren erzielt werden können, ab gewissen Schichtdicken nicht mehr aus. Als hochenergetische Strahlenquellen stehen Kobalt-60 und Elektronenbeschleuniger zur Verfügung. Als Einschränkung der Hochenergieradiografie ist der geringere Kontrast besonders beim Vorhandensein leichterer Objekte umgeben von Körpern bestehend aus schweren Elementen anzusehen. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass Objekte aus organischen Substanzen hinter dicken Schwermetallwänden oder in Bohrungen von Metallblöcken schwer zu erkennen sind. Im Unterschied zu einem Gammastrahler wie Kobalt-60 mit den beiden Spektrallinien um 1,3 MeV besitzt die Bremsstrahlung aus einem Beschleuniger einen wesentlichen Anteil an niederenergetischer Strahlung, der fließend zu höheren Energien übergeht. Es wird hier untersucht, welche Signaturen von leichten Materialien in einer Umgebung aus Schwermetall bis zu welcher Dicke und bis zu welchem Komplexitätsgrad erkennbar sind. Mit einem Betatron (JME X-ray Betatron 7,5 MeV) und einem Matrixdetektor (Perkin Elmer XRD 1621) wurden Aufnahmen von unterschiedlichen leichten Objekten angefertigt, die zunehmend in eine Umgebung aus Schwermetallen gestellt wurden. Mit unterschiedlichen Energieeinstellungen wurde untersucht, inwieweit eine Materialerkennung hinter welcher Abschirmung möglich ist. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mit Simulationen verglichen, die mit einer Software zur Modellierung von Durchstrahlungsverfahren (aRTist) erzeugt wurden. Dabei wird dem Problem der Aufhärtung bei Anwendung von Bremsstrahlung Rechnung getragen. Die Ergebnisse können sowohl zur Erkennung von Fremdkörpern in Maschinen oder Pumpen als auch zur Überprüfung von Frachtladungen im Bereich der öffentlichen Sicherheit und bei Zollkontrollen dienen. KW - Hochenergieradiographie KW - Containerprüfung KW - Materialerkennung PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110492 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 55 IS - 9 SP - 683 EP - 688 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-29057 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Röntgenrückstreuradiografie - Eindringen statt Durchdringen, aber Bilder mit Schatten N2 - Der große praktische Vorteil der Rückstreuradiografie allgemein ist, dass kein Bilddetektor am Objekt auf der der Strahlenquelle gegenüberliegenden Seite aufgestellt werden muss. Dieses ist immer dann gegeben, wenn sich das Untersuchungsobjekt in oder an einer Wand befindet oder es so groß ist, dass eine Durchstrahlung aufgrund der zu durchdringenden Schichtdicken nicht infrage kommt. Von der üblichen Methode, das Objekt mit einem wandernden ausgeblendeten Einzelstrahl ('Bleistiftstrahl') abzutasten und die gesamte rückgestreute Strahlung großflächig zu registrieren, unterscheidet sich das hier verwendete Verfahren grundsätzlich. Das Objekt wird voll von einem (unkollimierten) Kegelstrahl angestrahlt. Das Bild wird mit einer Kamera aus absorbierendem Material (Wolfram, Blei) aufgenommen, die einen Matrixdetektor als Bildempfänger enthält. Die 'Optik' besteht aus einer besonders geformten Schlitzblende, die nach einem erweiterten Lochkameraprinzip arbeitet, das auch dickere Blendenmaterialschichten zulässt. Die voneinander unabhängige Positionierung von Kamera und Strahlenquellen erlaubt unterschiedliche Einstrahlgeometrien, die verschiedene Ergebnisbilder liefern. So erscheint ein komplexer Gegenstand vor einer rückstreuenden Wand völlig anders, als wenn er frei im Raum steht. Röntgenrückstreubilder müssen deshalb abhängig von ihrer 'Ausleuchtung' mit der Röntgenstrahlung und näheren Umgebung interpretiert werden. KW - Röntgen-Rückstreuradiographie KW - Schlitzblende KW - Variable Einstrahlgeometrie PY - 2013 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 55 IS - 9 SP - 689 EP - 693 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-29058 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Bildgebung jenseits von Linsen, "Optik" für hochenergetische Strahlung T2 - Institutsseminar, Frauenhofer-Institut für Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Trendanalysen INT CY - Euskirchen, Germany DA - 2010-12-08 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22696 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt T1 - Erkennung einer Gefahr - höhere Gewalt, Versagen oder Absicht? (Detection of a threat - force majeure, failure or intention?) T2 - Internationales Symposium 2009 für Sprengstoffermittlungsbeamte und Entschärfer unkonventioneller Spreng- und Brandvorrichtungen des BKAs CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 2009-11-09 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20696 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Bücherl, T. T1 - Radiographie von Holz T2 - DGfH AG-Sitzung, MPA CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2009-01-27 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20697 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas T1 - Backscatter radiation - using X-rays for illumination T2 - MATEST 2009 (CrSNDT) CY - Cavtat, Croatia DA - 2009-09-23 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20685 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Bücherl, T. A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas A1 - Tannert, T. A1 - Jechow, Mirko A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Radiological interrogation of large wooden specimens with fast neutrons T2 - NeuWave-2 (Neutron Wavelength dependent imaging), Rutherford-Appleton-Laboratories CY - Abingdon, England DA - 2009-07-13 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20686 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Hasenstab, Andreas T1 - Rötgenrückstreuverfahren zur Charakterisierung von Objekten mit einseitigem Zugang T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung CY - Münster, Germany DA - 2009-05-18 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20687 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -