TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Recycled fertilizers: Do we need new regulations and analytical methods? N2 - More and more fertilizers emerge from recycled waste materials. This requires new analytical methods and/or the adaption of existing ones to new materials and matrices. KW - Environmenatal analysis KW - Resource recovery KW - Fertilizer PY - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X16000398 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.017 SN - 0956-053X VL - 50 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-35654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphorrückgewinnung - ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Kreislaufwirtschaft N2 - Phosphor ist ein für alle Lebewesen essentielles Element und in seinen Funktionen nicht zu ersetzen. Der Bedarf wird aus der Nahrung gedeckt, daher wird Phosphor letztendlich durch Ackerbau den Böden entzogen. Der Nährstoff muss ersetzt werden, um dauerhafte Landwirtschaft zu ermöglichen. Das geschieht zum einen durch den Einsatz von Wirtschaftsdüngern, aber zu einem großen Teil auch durch Mineraldünger. Das hierfür benötigte Rohphosphat wird bergmännisch aus fossilen Lagerstätten gewonnen. Die entsprechende Reichweite wird auf über 300 Jahre geschätzt. Daher besteht zwar keine unmittelbare Gefahr, dass dieser lebenswichtige Nährstoff zu Neige geht, es bestehen jedoch erhebliche Versorgungsrisiken. Zum einen ist Europa nahezu vollständig von Importen abhängig und damit auch Schwankungen der Weltmarktpreise ausgesetzt. Darüber hinaus liegen Förderung und Reserven von Rohphosphaten entweder in Ländern mit hohem Eigenbedarf (USA, China) oder in politisch instabilen Regionen (Marokko, West Sahara). Außerdem sind viele Rohphosphate mit Schwermetallen wie Uran, Thorium und Cadmium belastet. Das Umweltbundesamt schätzt, dass jährlich mehr als 160 t Uran durch Mineraldünger auf deutsche Ackerflächen ausgebracht werden. Rückgewinnung von Phosphor könnte helfen, diese Probleme zu reduzieren. Ein bedeutendes Potential dafür stellt der Abwasserstrom dar. Die Menge an Phosphor darin wird deutschlandweit auf etwa 70.000 t jährlich geschätzt. Das entspricht etwa der Hälfte der Menge an Phosphor, die derzeit für Mineraldünger benötigt wird. Der Vortrag würde sich mit möglichen Prozessen der Rückgewinnung, deren Wirtschaftlichkeit und Herausforderungen der Analytik befassen: - in den letzten Jahren wurden zahlreiche Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Phosphor aus verschiedensten Phasen der Abwasserreinigung entwickelt (wässrige Phase, Klärschlamm, Klärschlammasche). Ausgewählte Verfahren würden vorgestellt und bewertet. - für einen Einsatz der so gewonnenen Recyclingphosphate als Düngemittel muss die Schadstofffreiheit und Pflanzenverfügbarkeit der Nährstoffe sichergestellt werden. Dazu ist zu prüfen, ob die zurzeit gängigen Verfahren der Probenvorbereitung und Analytik auch auf Recyclingphosphate anwendbar sind. Das gilt neben der Bioverfügbarkeit von Phosphor besonders für Schadstoffe, da die Recyclingdünger aus Abfallmaterialien gewonnen werden, die stark belastet sein können. Das gilt besonders für die speziesspezifische Analytik von Chrom (Chrom (VI) vs. Chrom (III)) in verschiedenen Matrices. T2 - Beiratssitzung Themenfeld Umwelt CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 10.06.2016 KW - Phosphor KW - Rückgewinnung KW - Umweltanalytik KW - Ressourcenschonung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36451 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Recovery of phosphorus - German trends N2 - The seminar aimed on improved wastewater treatment and resource recovery in Poland. Tha talk was about the current situation and future prospects of phosphorus recovery in Germany. T2 - GFW Seminar 2016 CY - Gdansk, Poland DA - 15.09.2016 KW - Phosphorus KW - Resource recovery KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Supply risk PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37764 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash - data acquisition and recovery N2 - The wastewater stream is a promising source for phosphorus recovery. The talk describes the monitoring of sewage sludge ash and the determination of the recovery potential as well as options for its recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge ash. T2 - COST Action "Mining the Anthroposphere" CY - Prague, Czechia DA - 19.10.2016 KW - phosphorus KW - resource recovery KW - sewage sludge ash PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mioduszewska, K. A1 - Maszkowska, J. A1 - Bialk-Bielinska, A. A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Liberek, B. A1 - Lukaszewicz, P. A1 - Stepnowski, P. T1 - The leaching behavior of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide from soil in the presence of co-contaminant - Mixture sorption approach N2 - Anticancer drugs (ACDs) exhibit high biological activity, they are cytotoxic, genotoxic, and are constantly released into the environment as a result of incomplete metabolism. Consequently they pose a serious threat to the environment and human health due to their carcinogenic,mutagenic and/or reproductive toxicity properties. Knowledge of their bioavailability, including their sorption to soils and their impact on the soil–groundwater pathway, is crucial for their risk assessment. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests are important tools for determining the release potential of contaminants from soil or waste material. Batch and column tests were carried out with soils differing in physicochemical properties, each spiked with cyclophosphamide (CK) or ifosfamide (IF). Moreover, due to the fact that environmental pollutants may occur as coexisting compounds in the soil themobility evaluation for ACDs in the mixture with metoprolol (MET; β-blocker) as a co-contaminant was performed. In order to assess appropriateness, the batch and column tests were compared. The release depended on the properties of both the soil and the presence of co-contaminants. The faster release was observed for coarse-grained soil with the smallest organic matter content (MS soil: 90% decrease in concentration until liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.3 L kg−1 for all tests' layout) than for loamy sand (LS soil: 90% decrease in concentration until ratio L/S of 0.75 L kg−1). ACDs are highly mobile in soil systems. Furthermore, the decrease of mobility of ifosfamide was observed with the presence of a co-contaminant (metoprolol) in both of the soils (in MS soil a decrease of 29%; in LS soil a decrease of 26%). The mobility of cyclophosphamide does not depend on the presence of a contaminant for MS soil, but also exhibits a decrease of 21% in LS soil. PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.002 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 542 SP - 915 EP - 922 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-34972 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Fattah, K. P. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus recovery from the wastewater stream - necessity and possibilities N2 - The annual demand of phosphorus (P) for fertilizer use is more than 550,000 t in Germany. Several of the input streams like mineral fertilizer produced from phosphate rock or sewage sludge are problematic due to contamination with heavy metals and organic pollutants and/or supply risks. Phosphorus recovery from the wastewater stream might help to diminish these problems. Several procedures have been developed to recover P from either sewage sludge ash (SSA) or wastewater via precipitation or crystallization as struvite. This study determined the elemental composition and trace metal mass fractions of 252 SSA samples and 17 struvite samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to see whether there are differences related to the source of the sludge (municipal/industrial) or the stage of the WWTP where the struvite is produced. Results indicated that there is no clear trend of the elemental mass fractions related to the source of the sludge. All struvite samples show very low heavy metal contents, even though the struvite precipitated from the sludge shows slightly elevated heavy metal mass fractions compared to struvite crystallized from sludge liquor. Struvite is a clean and plant available material for fertilizer production from wastewater streams and has some advantages for the wastewater treatment plant. However, since the P recovery rate of struvite processes is low (7–11%) compared to that from SSA processes (90%), recovery from SSA is necessary for a substantial P recovery from the wastewater stream. T2 - 3rd International Conference on Water, Energy and Environment (ICWEE) CY - Sharjah, United Arab Emirates DA - 24.03.2015 KW - Struvite KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Wastewater KW - Sewage sludge ash PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1103315 SN - 1944-3994 SN - 1944-3986 VL - 57 IS - 33 SP - 15619 EP - 15627 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Philadelphia, USA AN - OPUS4-36260 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium additives under reducing conditions analyzed by thermogravimetry N2 - Phosphorus (P) for fertilizer use can be recovered from sewage sludge ash (SSA). To enhance the bioavailability of P and reduce the heavy metal content of SSA, it can be treated thermochemically with Na2CO3 or Na2SO4 at 950 °C in a rotary kiln using dry sewage sludge or lignite as reducing agent. These processes were investigated by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis coupled with gas analysis. Reducing conditions in this experimental setup were provided by 2 % hydrogen in the Ar carrier gas. During SSA + Na2CO3 treatment CO2, CO and water were detected in the off-gas. During SSA + Na2SO4 treatment SO2, some CO2 and water were detected. Heavy metal removal was more efficient for SSA + Na2CO3 compared to the sulfate variant. A SSA + Na2SO4 + lignite variant which also formed CO shifted the heavy metal removal to the results obtained with Na2CO3 which was obviously due to the additional reduction potential. However, Zn evaporation was not achieved with the Na2SO4 variants which were most probably due to immobilization as ZnS. KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Reducing conditions KW - Heavy metal evaporation KW - FT-IR gas analysis PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-5016-z SN - 1388-6150 SN - 1418-2874 SN - 0368-4466 SN - 1572-8943 VL - 123 IS - 2 SP - 1045 EP - 1051 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-34556 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Recovery of rare earth elements - optimized elemental analysis of fluorescent lamp shredder waste N2 - Rare earth elements (REE) are a crucial component of fluorescence lamps. Several procedures have been developed to recovery these technological important elements. Nevertheless, actual REE recycling from fluorescence lamps is scarce so far (recovery rate of less than 1 %), with current recycling approaches concentrating on glass recovery. Since most recycling processes include several, also wet-chemical steps, a complete knowledge of the actual elemental composition of the respective mass flows is necessary for an efficient REE recovery. We tested seven different reagent mixtures for microwave-assisted digestion of fluorescent lamp shredder, including HF, HClO4, and H2O2. We determined the concentrations of 25 of the most relevant rare earth and other trace elements in the respective dilutions. Two independent digestions, one a mixture of perchlorid/nitric/hydrofluoric acid and the other aqua regia, showed the highest concentrations of 23 of these elements, excluding only Sn and Tb. The REE concentrations in the tested lamp shredder sample (stated in g/kg) were 10.2 (Y), 12.1 (La), 7.77 (Ce), 6.91 (Eu), 1.90 (Gd), and 4.11 (Tb). T2 - 5th International conference industrial and hazardous waste management - Crete 2016 CY - Chania, Greece DA - 27.09.2016 KW - Rare earth elements KW - Critical raw materials KW - Resource recovery KW - WEEE PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hobohm, J. A1 - Kuchta, K. A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - van Wasen, Sebastian A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Optimized elemental analysis of fluorescence lamp shredder waste N2 - Fluorescence lamps contain considerable amounts of rare earth elements (REE). Several recycling procedures for REE recovery from spent lamps have been established. However, despite their economic importance, the respective recycling is scarce so far, with an REE recovery rate of less than 1%. A reliable analysis of REE and other relevant metals like Yttrium is crucial for a thorough and complete recovery process. This applies both to the solid matter and aqueous phase, since most of the recycling processes include wet-chemical steps. We tested seven different reagent mixtures for microwave-assisted digestion of fluorescent lamp shredder, including hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid, and hydrogen peroxide. We determined the concentrations of 25 of the most relevant rare earth and other trace elements (Al, P, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Y, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Eu, Gd, Tb, W, Au, Hg, and Pb) in the respective dilutions. Two independent digestions, one a mixture of perchlorid/nitric/hydrofluoric acid and the other aqua regia, showed the highest concentrations of 23 of these elements, excluding only Sn and Tb. The REE concentrations in the tested lamp shredder sample (stated in g/kg) were 10.2 (Y), 12.1 (La), 7.77 (Ce), 6.91 (Eu), 1.90 (Gd), and 4.11 (Tb). KW - Yttrium KW - Rare earth elements KW - Elemental analysis KW - Microwave-assisted digestion PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.068 SN - 0039-9140 VL - 147 SP - 615 EP - 620 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-34992 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Seltene Erden aus Fluoreszenzlampen – Optimierung der Elementanalytik N2 - - Spurenelementanalytik aus Fluoreszenzlampen optimiert - Königswasseraufschluss Methode der Wahl für REE - Perchlorsäure-/Flusssäureaufschluss in Kombination mit Königswasseraufschluss für die meisten Elemente geeignet - Teilweise starke Abhängigkeit der Aufschlusseffizienz vom Element bzw. der vorliegenden Elementspezies - Nicht aufgelöste Glasmatrix stört die Analytik nicht T2 - UpGrade Abschlussveranstaltung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.02.2016 KW - Seltenerdmetalle KW - Fluoreszenzlampen KW - Recycling PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35690 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphorus recovery - why, where, how? N2 - The tak describes the current situation of phosphorus as critical raw material, its recovery potential and possible recovery procedures, T2 - Montagsseminar Technische Universität Wien CY - Wien, Austria DA - 03.10.2016 KW - Phosphorus KW - Critical raw materials KW - Resource recovery KW - Supply risk KW - Sewage sludge ash PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Horizontale Düngemittelanalytik N2 - Die europäische Kommission (Generaldirektion Unternehmen und Industrie) hat kürzlich die Auswirkungen einer harmonisierten europäischen Düngemittelverordnung, einschließlich der technischen Durchführbarkeit und den umweltbezogenen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Auswirkungen einer solchen Gesetzgebung untersuchen lassen. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen soll nun die EU-Düngemittelverordnung (EG) 2003/2003 revidiert werden. Neben der Vielzahl von bestehenden und neuen Düngemitteltypen wie z.B. Phosphor-Recyclingdüngern soll die neue Verordnung auch organische Düngemittel und somit Matrices wie Klärschlamm, Gärrückstände und Wirtschaftsdünger regeln. Dies bedeutet, dass Parameter und Grenzwerte, die bisher in verschiedenen Verordnungen für verschiedene Matrices geregelt wurden, künftig gemeinschaftlich geregelt werden (Klärschlamm, Düngemittel) und weitere Matrices zusätzlich geregelt werden müssen (Phosphor-Recycling-Produkte, Produkte aus Klärschlamm/-aschen). Resultierend aus den aktuellen nationalen Entwicklungen insbesondere bezüglich des Ausstiegs aus der landwirtschaftlichen Klärschlammverwertung und im Hinblick auf die Bestrebungen hinsichtlich der Schonung natürlicher Ressourcen (z.B. ProgRess) ist zu erwarten, dass die Anzahl an Düngemitteln, die aus Recyclingmaterialien gewonnen werden, stark zunehmen wird. Recyclingdünger aus dem Stoffstrom Klärschlamm- bzw. Klärschlammasche werden zukünftig einen großen Anteil an diesen neuen Produkten ausmachen. Vor den angeführten Hintergründen ist es notwendig relevante und insbesondere bereits genormte Verfahren hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit auf z.B. Klärschlamm/-aschen und daraus gewonnenen Recycling-Düngern sowie auf kommerzielle P-Düngemittel zu prüfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde die BAM (FB 4.4) vom UBA mit einer Untersuchung beauftragt: UFOPLAN FKZ: 3714263200 „Untersuchung der Anwendbarkeit der im Rahmen des CEN-Projekts HORIZONTAL entwickelten Analyseverfahren auf Düngemittel und Klärschlamm/ -aschen“ Laufzeit: 01.07.2014 – 31.01.2017 T2 - Fachgespräch zum UFOPLAN-Projekt 3714 263200 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.11.2016 KW - Düngemittelanalytik KW - Sekundärrohstoffdüngemittel KW - Robustheitstests PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38221 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Hobohm, J. A1 - Kuchta, K. A1 - van Wasen, Sebastian A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Recovery of rare earth elements - optimized elemental analysis of fluorescent lamp shredder waste N2 - Rare earth elements (REE) are a crucial component of fluorescence lamps. Several procedures have been developed to recovery these technological important elements. Nevertheless, actual REE recycling from fluorescence lamps is scarce so far (recovery rate of less than 1 %), with current recycling approaches concentrating on glass recovery. Since most recycling processes include several, also wet-chemical steps, a complete knowledge of the actual elemental composition of the respective mass flows is necessary for an efficient REE recovery. We tested seven different reagent mixtures for microwave-assisted digestion of fluorescent lamp shredder, including HF, HClO4, and H2O2. We determined the concentrations of 25 of the most relevant rare earth and other trace elements in the respective dilutions. Two independent digestions, one a mixture of perchlorid/nitric/hydrofluoric acid and the other aqua regia, showed the highest concentrations of 23 of these elements, excluding only Sn and Tb. The REE concentrations in the tested lamp shredder sample (stated in g/kg) were 10.2 (Y), 12.1 (La), 7.77 (Ce), 6.91 (Eu), 1.90 (Gd), and 4.11 (Tb). T2 - 5th International conference industrial and hazardous waste management - Crete 2016 CY - Chania, Crete, Greece DA - 27.09.2016 KW - Rare earth elements KW - Critical raw materials KW - Resource recovery KW - WEEE PY - 2016 SN - 978-960-8475-20-5 SN - 2241-3138 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-37761 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Seltene Erden in Fluorszenzlampen - ICP-OES Analytik für die Rückgewinnung N2 - Optimierung der Elementanalytik von Seltenen Erden in Fluoreszenzlampen mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Aufschlusseffizienz. T2 - ICP-OES Anwenderseminar CY - Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany DA - 03.11.2016 KW - Seltene Erden KW - Kritische Rohstoffe KW - Analytik KW - Rückgewinnung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38117 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Hermann, L. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Sewage sludge ash - A promising secondary phosphorus source for fertilizer production N2 - Sewage sludge incineration is extensively practiced in some European countries such as the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. A survey of German sewage sludge ash showed that the recovery potential is high, approx. 19,000 t of phosphorus per year. However, the survey also discovered that the bioavailability of phosphorus in the sewage sludge ash is poor and that more than half of the ashes cannot be used as fertilizers due to high heavy metal content. A new thermochemical process for sewage sludge ash treatment was developed that transforms the ash into marketable fertilizer products. Sewage sludge ash was thermochemically treated with sodium and potassium additives under reducing conditions, whereby the phosphate-bearing mineral phases were transformed into plant available phosphates. High P-bioavailability was achieved with a molar Na/P ratio > 1.75 in the starting materials. Sodium sulfate, carbonate and hydroxide performed comparably as additives for this calcination process. Potassium carbonate and -hydroxide have to be added in a molar K/P ratio > 2.5 to achieve comparable P-solubility. The findings of the laboratory scale investigations were confirmed by an industrial demonstration trial for an ash treatment with sodium sulfate. Simultaneously, the volatile transition metal arsenic (61% removal) as well as volatile heavy metals such as cadmium (80%), mercury (68%), lead (39%) and zinc (9%) were removed via the off-gas treatment system. The product of the demonstration trial is characterized by high bioavailability and a toxic trace element mass fraction below the limit values of the German fertilizer ordinance, thus fulfilling the quality parameters for a P-fertilizer. KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Reducing conditions KW - Heavy metal evaporation KW - Bioavailability KW - Sodium sulfate PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.059 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 IS - 542 SP - 1136 EP - 1143 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-34165 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Amidani, L. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Chemical state of mercury and selenium in sewage sludge ash based P-fertilizers N2 - Phosphorus-fertilizers from secondary resources such as sewage sludge ash (SSA) will become more important in the future as they could substitute conventional fertilizers based on the nonrenewable resource phosphate rock. Thermochemical approaches were developed which remove heavy metals from SSA prior to its fertilizer application on farmlands. We analyzed the chemical state of mercury and selenium in SSA before and after thermochemical treatment under different conditions for P-fertilizer production by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. In some incineration plants the mercury loaded carbon adsorber from off-gas cleaning was collected together with the SSA for waste disposal. SSAs from those plants contained mercury mainly bound to carbon/organic material. The other SSAs contained inorganic mercury compounds which are most probably stabilized in the SSA matrix and were thus not evaporated during incineration. During thermochemical treatment, carbon-bound mercury was removed quantitatively. In contrast, a certain immobile fraction of inorganic mercury compounds remained in thermochemically treated SSA, which were not clearly identified. HgSe might be one of the inorganic compounds, which is supported by results of Se K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Furthermore, the chemical state of selenium in the SSAs was very sensitive to the conditions of the thermochemical treatment. KW - X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Mercury KW - Selenium KW - Mercury selenide (HgSe) PY - 2016 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.079 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.079 VL - 313 SP - 179 EP - 184 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-35718 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphorrückgewinnung - warum, woher, wie? N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über den kritischen Rohstoff Phosphor, seine Rückgewinnungspotentiale und mögliche Rückgewinnungsverfahren. T2 - Forschungsberichte Abfallwirtschaft Universität für Bodenkultur CY - Wien, Austria DA - 06.10.2016 KW - Phosphor KW - Klärschlammasche KW - Ressourcenrückgewinnung KW - Kritische Rohstoffe PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37766 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphorus recovery from wastewater - analytical challenges N2 - Phosphorus is essential for all animate beings and not replaceable in its functions. Recovered phosphorus from secondary sources is expected gain importance in the future due to supply risks and environmental concerns regarding fossil phosphate rock, the single source of phosphorus so far. Existing regulations, standards, and analytical methods are basically configured for well-established organic and mineral fertilizer but not for the emerging recycling products. Consequently, the respective procedures have to be adapted, especially in terms of matrix effects and so far not regulated pollutants like uranium and emerging pollutants of concern. T2 - ASSM 2016 - Advances in Sustainable Sludge Management CY - Cracow, Poland DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Phosphorus KW - Resource recovery KW - Critical raw materials KW - Supply risk PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -