TY - JOUR A1 - Hieu, D.T. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Riaz, M. A1 - Schulz, A. A1 - Springer, A. A1 - Frank, M. A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Minh Thu, N.T. A1 - Son, L.T. T1 - Acidity and Stability of Bronsted Acid Sites in Green Clinoptilolite Catalysts and Catalytic Performance in the Etherification of Glycerol N2 - Natural zeolite clinoptilolite CLIN with a framework ratio of Si/Al ≥ 4 containing mainly potassium and calcium ions in its internal channel system was used as a starting material. The acidic HCLIN catalysts were prepared under soft conditions avoiding the use of environmental less benign mineral acids. The starting material was ion exchanged using a 0.2 M aqueous ammonium nitrate solution at a temperature 80 ◦C for 2 h. The obtained NH4CLIN was converted into the acid HCLIN catalyst by calcination at 300–600 ◦C. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, AAS, and EDX element mapping. The state of aluminium and silicon was studied by 27Al- and 29SiMAS NMR spectroscopy. The textural properties of the catalysts were investigated by nitrogen adsorption and desorption measurements. The Brønsted acidity of the HCLIN catalysts was studied by temperature-programmed decomposition of the exchanged ammonium ions releasing ammonia as well as 1H MAS NMR, {1H–27Al} Trapdor, and {1H–27Al} Redor experiments. The strongly agglomerated samples were crystalline and thermally stable up to >500 ◦C. Although a part of the clinoptilolite framework is maintained up to 600 ◦C, a loss of crystallinity is already observed starting from 450 ◦C. The specific surface areas of the starting CLIN and ammonium exchanged NH4CLIN are low with ca. 26 m2/g. The pores are nearly blocked by the exchangeable cations located in the zeolite pores. The thermal decomposition of the ammonium ions by calcination at 400 ◦C causes an opening of the pore entrances and a markable increase in the specific micropore area and micropore volume to ca. 163 m2/g and 0.07 cm3/g, respectively. It decreases with further rising calcination temperature indicating some structural loss. The catalysts show a broad distribution of Brønsted acid sites (BS) ranging from weak to strong sites as indicated the thermal decomposition of exchanged ammonium ions (TPDA). The ammonium ion decomposition leaving BS, i.e., H+ located at Al–O–Si framework bridges, starts at ≥250 ◦C. A part of the Brønsted sites is lost after calcination specifically at 500 ◦C. It is related to the formation of penta-coordinated aluminium at the expense of tetrahedral framework aluminium. The Brønsted sites are partially recreated after repeated ammonium ion exchange. The catalytic performance of the acidic HCLIN catalysts was tested in the etherification of glycerol as a green renewable resource with different C1 -C4 alcohols. The catalysts are highly active in the etherification of glycerol, especially with alcohols containing the branched, tertiary alkyl groups. Highest activity is observed with the soft activated catalyst HCLIN300 (300 ◦C, temperature holding time: 1 min). A total of 78% conversion of glycerol to mono and di ether were achieved with tert-butanol at 140 ◦C after 4 h of reaction. The mono- and di-ether selectivity were 75% and 25%, respectively. The catalyst can be reused. KW - Etherification KW - Glycerol KW - Zeolite KW - Clinoptilolite KW - Bronsted acidity KW - Dehydroxylation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546982 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12030253 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-54698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Frunza, S. T1 - Relaxation processes of water confined to AIMCM-41 molecular sieves. Influence of the hydroxyl groups of the pore surface N2 - A series of AlMCM-41 molecular sieves was prepared with constant composition (Si/Al = 14.7) and presumably same pore structure but different pore diameters (from 2.3 to 4.6 nm). The pore size distribution is narrow for each sample. The rotational fluctuations of water molecules confined inside the pores were investigated applying broadband dielectric spectroscopy (10-2–107 Hz) over a large temperature interval (213–333 K). A relaxation process, slower than that expected for bulk water, was observed which is assigned to water molecules forming a surface layer on the pore walls. The estimated relaxation time has an unusual non-monotonic temperature dependence, which is rationalized and modeled assuming two competing processes: rotational fluctuations of constrained water molecules and defect formation (Ryabov model). This paper focuses on the defects and notably the influence of the hydroxyl groups of the pore walls. The Ryabov model is fitted to the data and characteristic parameters are obtained. Their dependence on pore diameter is considered for the first time. The found results are compared with those obtained for other types of molecular sieves and related materials. PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2007-10340-y SN - 1292-8941 SN - 1292-895X VL - 26 SP - 379 EP - 386 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Orsay AN - OPUS4-17752 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kosslick, H. T1 - Mesoporous Silica-Aluminas derived from precipitation: Acidity and textural properties T2 - 6th International Mesoporous Materials Symposium CY - Namur, Belgium DA - 2008-09-08 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17967 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kosslick, H. T1 - Peculiarities in the preparation and activation behaviour of hydrogen exchanged zeolite Y T2 - 4th FEZA Conference CY - Paris, France DA - 2008-09-01 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17968 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Frunza, S. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Phase behavior and molecular mobility of n-octylcyanobiphenyl confined to molecular sieves: Dependence on the pore size PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.78.051701 SN - 1539-3755 SN - 1063-651X VL - 78 IS - 5 SP - 051701-1 - 051701-11 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-20881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartoszek, M. A1 - Eckelt, R. A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Pawlik, Alf A1 - Schulz, A. T1 - Mesoporous silica-aluminas derived from precipitation: a study of the acidity, textural properties and catalytic performance KW - Silica-alumina KW - Solid state NMR KW - Acidity KW - Silicates KW - Tetrahedral aluminium PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3580-y SN - 0022-2461 SN - 1573-4803 VL - 44 IS - 24 SP - 6629 EP - 6636 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Norwell, Mass. AN - OPUS4-20462 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frunza, S. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Ganea, P. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Harloff, J. A1 - Schulz, A. T1 - Molecular relaxation processes in a MOF-5 structure revealed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy: signature of phenylene ring fluctuations N2 - The molecular mobility of a MOF-5 metal–organic framework was investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Three relaxation processes were revealed. The temperature dependence of their relaxation rates follows an Arrhenius law. The process observed at lower temperatures is attributed to bending fluctuations of the edges of the cages involving the Zn–O clusters. The processes ('region II') at higher temperatures were assigned to fluctuations of phenyl rings in agreement with the NMR data found by Gould et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3246). The carboxylate groups might also be involved. The rotational fluctuations of the phenyl rings leading to the low frequency part of relaxation region II might be hindered either by some solvent molecules entrapped in the cages or by an interpenetrated structure and have a broad distribution of activation energies. The high frequency part of region II corresponds nearly to a Debye-like process: This is explained by a well-defined structure of empty pores. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1071617 SN - 1520-6106 SN - 1520-5207 SN - 1089-5647 VL - 114 IS - 40 SP - 12840 EP - 12846 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-22255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Pitsch, I. A1 - Frunza, St. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Rotational Fluctuations of Water inside the Nanopores of SBA-Type Molecular Sieves N2 - The rotational molecular dynamics of water confined to nanoporous molecular sieves of a regular hexagonal (SBA-15) and of a foamlike pore structure was studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 10-2 to 109 Hz and in a broad temperature interval. Two relaxation processes were observed: the process at lower frequencies is related to water molecules forming a layer, which is strongly adsorbed at the pore surface, whereas the relaxation process at higher frequencies is assigned to fluctuations of water molecules situated close to the center of the pore. The relaxation times of the low-frequency process for both materials and of the high-frequency process for the SBA-15 material have an unusual saddlelike temperature dependence, reported here for the first time. To describe this temperature dependence, a model developed for water confined to nanoporous glasses by Ryabov et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1845] was applied, which considers two competing effects. The characteristic features of these two competing processes were compared with those reported for other porous systems. PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp044503t SN - 1520-6106 SN - 1520-5207 SN - 1089-5647 VL - 109 IS - 18 SP - 9154 EP - 9159 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-7611 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Bentrup, U. A1 - Pitsch, I. A1 - Fricke, R. A1 - Frunza, S. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Surface layer in composites containing 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl. FTIR spectroscopic characterization N2 - Composites containing 4-n-octyl-4?-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) either confined to nanopores of molecular sieves with very large pores or coating silica nanoparticles of aerosil type at high silica-to-8CB ratios are investigated by IR spectroscopy. Band shape analysis was performed in wavenumber regions in which the peaks due to CN stretching, CH stretching and CH out-of-plane vibrations appear. Some of molecules confined to molecular sieves show spectroscopic features characteristic to a bulk-like 8CB matter located in the centre of the pores or in the inter-grain space. Other features of the IR spectra are due to 8CB molecules located in the surface layer, mostly forming hydrogen bonds between their CN groups and surface OH groups. Another part of the 8CB molecules in the surface layer may also interact by ? electrons of the aromatic rings. Hydrogen bonding is less hindered for the molecules of the surface layers onto aerosil particles than inside pores of the molecular sieves. Comparison is also made with the case of composites based on molecular sieves with small pores. KW - Surface layer KW - Cyanobiphenyls KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Band shape analysis PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(03)00110-8 SN - 0022-2860 SN - 1872-8014 SN - 0377-046X VL - 651-653 SP - 341 EP - 347 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2795 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frunza, S. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Enache, I. A1 - Beica, T. T1 - Study of the surface layer of aerosil-8CB composites by TG/DTA/DSC measurements N2 - Thermal analysis measurements were applied to study the behavior of composite systems containing a nematic liquid crystal (LC), 4-n-octyl-4?-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) and aerosil particles. The silica density ?s (g of silica per 1 cm3 of LC) was varied from 0.20 to 12 g/cm3 in order to approach the monomolecular structure of the surface layer. Thus, thermogravimetric (TG) measurements were performed to get information on the LC content of the samples. Moreover, they allowed an unusual application, to characterize the interaction of 8CB molecules with aerosil surface because the corresponding curves show multistep processes the temperatures of which depend on the silica density. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) also indicates several processes. Some of them, mostly due to desorption, are endothermal. Other processes are exothermal, and these are assigned to chemical transformations. The sample with silica density of 12 g/cm3 has no endothermal desorption peak at low temperatures, and has the highest shift for the DTA peaks. It was supposed that its surface layer has a monomolecular structure. For representative samples, TG–DTA studies were supported by FTIR investigations. Thus conventional TG–DTA techniques have provided new tools to characterize the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry gives the behavior of the phase transitions. Samples with low silica density exhibit a depression of the phase transition temperatures characteristic for the bulk 8CB while those with high silica densities do not show any phase transitions. PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00319-3 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 325 IS - 1-3 SP - 103 EP - 112 PB - North-Holland Publ. Co. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2796 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Frunza, Stefan A1 - Fricke, R. T1 - On the mobility of sodium ions and of confined liquid crystals in faujasite T2 - Frühjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Festkörperphysik bei der DPG CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 2002-03-11 PY - 2002 SN - 0420-0195 SN - 0372-5448 SN - 0343-9216 IS - CPP 15.12 SP - 438 CY - Bad Honnef AN - OPUS4-2262 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Frunza, Stefan A1 - Bentrup, U. A1 - Fricke, R. A1 - Pitsch, I. A1 - Kosslick, H. T1 - Confinement of nematic liquid crystals in SBA mesoporous materials N2 - This work presents some results obtained by confining octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) to the pores of two SBA-15 type host materials: a silica SBA-15 (pores of 10.2 nm) and an aluminum containing AlSBA-15 (pores of 7.5 nm). The LC molecules were loaded inside the pores from a solution in acetone, in a percentage higher than 70% from the maximum possible loading. It was observed that the 8CB molecules confined to molecular sieves may preserve the phase transitions characteristic for the bulk LC provided that the confining pores are sufficiently large, as offered by SBA materials. However, present guest-host interactions play an important role in these phase transitions. Such a behavior is at variance with the 8CB confined to Controlled Porous Glass with the same pore dimensions, for which the bulk-like phase transitions can be always observed. T2 - 2nd International FEZA conference CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2002-09-01 PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2991(02)80296-8 SN - 0167-2991 VL - 142 IS - 2 SP - 1323 EP - 1329 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2263 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Pitsch, I. A1 - Frunza, Stefan T1 - Molecular dynamics of 4n-octylcyanobiphenyl confined to nanoporous molecular sieves of SBA-type T2 - International Conference of Dielectric Spectroscopy CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2002-09-01 PY - 2002 SP - 1(?) AN - OPUS4-2264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Frunza, Stefan A1 - Kosslick, H. T1 - Unusual relaxation behavior of water inside the sodalite cages of faujasite-type molecular sieves T2 - International Conference of Dielectric Spectroscopy CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2002-09-01 PY - 2002 SP - 1(?) AN - OPUS4-2265 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, Stefan A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Enache, I. A1 - Beica, T. T1 - Studiul stratului de suprafata pe compozite aerosil - 8CB prin analiza termica / Study of surface layer in 8CB-aerosil composites by TG/DTA/TG measurements T2 - Annual Session of Romanian Research Program CERES CY - Bucharest, Romania DA - 2002-11-28 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-2267 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Pitsch, I. A1 - Fricke, R. A1 - Bentrup, U. A1 - Frunza, Stefan T1 - Nanoporous materials as hosts for liquid crystals T2 - DFG-Workshop on Key Program "Nanoporous Crystals" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-10-21 PY - 2002 SP - 1(?) AN - OPUS4-2268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Bentrup, U. A1 - Pitsch, I. A1 - Fricke, R. A1 - Frunza, Stefan ED - Barnes, A. J. T1 - First spectroscopic characterization of the surface layer in composites containing liquid crystals confined to nanopores T2 - 26th European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy (EUCMOS) CY - Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France DA - 2002-09-01 KW - Liquid crystals KW - Confinement KW - Surface layer KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Band shape analysis PY - 2002 SN - 0022-2860 VL - 651-653 SP - 1(?) EP - 14(?) PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frunza, Ligia A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Frunza, Stefan A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Molecular dynamics of 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl in partially filled nanoporous SBA-type molecular sieves N2 - The molecular dynamics of 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) confined to the nanopores of new SBA-type molecular sieves was investigated in a wide temperature range using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (10-2–109 Hz). One molecular sieve has a hexagonal structure of the pores while the other is a cellular nanoporous material. To explore the extent of surface interaction effects a high and a low filling degree were considered. For the molecular sieves with a high filling degree two relaxation regions were observed: a bulk-like relaxation process related to molecules, which behave as mesophase, located in the centre of the pores. The second relaxation process has a much lower relaxation rate than the former and is assigned to molecules located in a surface layer. The temperature dependence of its relaxation rates follows the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann law, characteristic for glassy dynamics. For samples with a low filling degree only one relaxation process due to the surface layer was observed. Moreover, especially at the temperatures lower than the melting point of bulk 8CB, its relaxation rate is situated between the characteristic frequencies of the two relaxation processes observed for the pores with a high filling degree. This behaviour gives a measure of the extension of the influence of the wall on the neighbouring 8CB molecules. In addition, the differences revealed by the molecule dynamics inside the two types of nanoporous materials are related to both surface interactions and geometrical constraints. KW - Confined liquid crystals KW - Molecular sieves KW - Dielectric measurements KW - Relaxation processes KW - Glassy dynamics PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.10.025 SN - 1387-1811 SN - 1873-3093 VL - 90 IS - 1-3 SP - 259 EP - 270 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-12118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kosslick, H. T1 - Peculiarities in the preparation and activation behaviour of hydrogen exchanged zeolite Y T2 - CONCODE Conference CY - Thessaloniki, Greece DA - 2006-01-26 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-11504 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Pitsch, I. A1 - Deutsch, J. A1 - Pohl, M.-M. A1 - Schulz, A. A1 - Vu, A.T. A1 - Nguyen, D.T. A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Jäger, Christian T1 - Improved large mesoporous ordered molecular sieves - Stabilization and acid/base functionalization N2 - The preparation of nanoporous materials with enhanced stability using an improved synthesis route using reactive inorganic silica and alumina species is reported. This way improved mesoporous molecular sieves were obtained. The synthesized aluminum substituted mesoporous molecular materials (Al-MMS) contain very large pores of 50–200 Å size combined with an improved pore wall thickness. Increased wall thickness and Al substitution lead to an improved chemical stability against alkaline solution. The textural, structural and acid properties are investigated by physico-chemical methods. The catalytic performance acidic materials was tested in the benzoylation reaction; amino functionalized materials were studied in the base catalyzed Michael addition. KW - Nanoporous molecular sieve KW - Al substitution KW - Stability KW - Synthesis KW - Acidity KW - Catalysis PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.03.005 SN - 0920-5861 VL - 152 IS - 1-4 SP - 54 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-23960 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Frunza, L. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Frunza, S. T1 - Unusual relaxation behavior of water inside the sodalite cages of faujasite-type molecular sieves N2 - Broad-band dielectric spectroscopy (10-2 to 109 Hz) is applied to investigate the molecular dynamics of NaY, a zeolite of faujasite structure. A dc conductivity contribution and three relaxation processes were revealed in the dielectric spectra. The relaxation process in the high-frequency range ascribed to orientational fluctuations of water molecules inside the sodalite cages is studied in detail. As a main result it is found that its mean relaxation time has an unusual saddle-like temperature dependence, which obeys neither an Arrhenius nor a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law. A quantitative description was given on the basis of a model recently developed by Feldman et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1845) to analyze the dynamics of water confined in nanoporous glasses. Reasonable values for the activation energies of orientational fluctuations and of defect formation as well as for the defect concentration were obtained. PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp021281v SN - 1520-6106 SN - 1520-5207 SN - 1089-5647 VL - 106 IS - 36 SP - 9191 EP - 9194 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-1571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Forkel, K. A1 - Kosslick, H. A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Rolle, S. ED - Dufour, L.-C. T1 - Investigation of thermal properties of Fe75Cr5P8C10Si2 metal-metalloid glassy T2 - XIIIth International Symposium ; 13th International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 1996-09-08 KW - Glasoberfläche KW - Beanspruchung, thermisch PY - 1996 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-686 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -