TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Evaluative comparison of two methods for SADT determination (UN H.1 and H.4) N2 - We present our results on the comparison of two methods for the SADT determination. Both methods, UN test H.1 and UN test H.4 are recommended by the international transport regulations from the UN. But during the last years the applicability of the UN test H.4 has been questioned for solid substances. Therefore, three organic peroxides and one self-reactive substance have been investigated in 5 kg and 20 kg packages as well as in the UN test H.4 in a 500 mL Dewar vessel. The SADT values determined with the different methods match. The UN test H.4 seems to be well suited for solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances of at least 20 kg or 60 L. KW - Thermal explosion KW - Organic peroxides KW - Self-reactive substances KW - SADT KW - Heat accumulation storage test KW - US SADT test PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.014 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 740 EP - 744 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-22640 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Antoni, S. A1 - Clemens, J. A1 - Kunath, K. A1 - Rabe, J. A1 - Simon, K. A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Evaluation of the 3rd round robin on solid oxidizer test (UN O.1) with calcium peroxide, sodium nitrate, sodium perborate monohydrate N2 - The classification of solid oxidizers according to the regulations on the transport of dangerous goods (based on the UN Recommendations/Model Regulations and accepted by all international organisations for the transport of dangerous goods as ADR, IMO, IATA) and in future also according to the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) is performed on the basis of the results of the UN test O.1 (UN test O.1 ―Test for oxidizing solids‖ described in chapter 34.4.1 in the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Manual of Tests and Criteria, see [1]). This test was introduced into the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria in 1995 as a replacement for a similar test from 1986. Even if the UN O.1 test as described in the current 5th revised edition of UN Manual of Tests and Criteria gives some improvements compared to the old test, which had had many deficiencies, there are still some problems left with this test in terms of e.g. repeatability or reproducibility of test results, how to handle compacted or multilayer formulations like tablets, toxicity and partly significantly varying particle size distribution within defined fractions of 150 μm to 300 μm of the reference oxidizer potassium bromate (KBrO3). For this reason the IGUS EOS working group installed an ad-hoc working group in 2002 assigned with the task to propose solutions for the existing problems. The appropriateness of such proposed solutions has to be proved by the method of interlaboratory (round robin) tests before they are presented for the adoption to the UN Committee of Experts on the TDG and on the GHS with a proposal of a completely revised test procedure. KW - Round robin KW - Solid oxidizer test KW - United Nations KW - IGUS KW - EOS KW - Calcium peroxide KW - Sodium nitrate KW - Sodium perborate monohydrate PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-232246 SN - 978-3-9813853-7-3 IS - Final Report, 2009 - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 192 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-23224 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Malow, Marcus T1 - Letter to the Editor - Comments on the "Letter to the editor" by M.-L. You and C.-M. Shu (Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2010;100:367-369) as response to the "Letter to the editor" by M. Malow and K.-D. Wehrstedt (Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2009;98:885-886) KW - Dilauroyl peroxide KW - Oxygen balance KW - DSC KW - Simulation KW - SADT PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-010-1122-0 SN - 1388-6150 SN - 1418-2874 SN - 0368-4466 SN - 1572-8943 VL - 103 IS - 1 SP - 409 EP - 410 PB - Kluwer Academic Publ. CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-23210 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskurs "Sicherheit chemischer Reaktionen", BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-03-28 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23461 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Anwendung von Screening-Verfahren und Prüfmethoden zur Charakterisierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - 19. Ulm-Freiberger Kalorimetrietage CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 2011-03-16 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23375 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schälike, Stefan A1 - Vela-Wallenschus, Iris A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Vorhersage der thermischen Strahlung von KW-Poolfeuern mit CFD-Simulation T2 - Workshop Brandschutzforschung CY - Magdeburg, Deutschland DA - 2010-10-04 KW - Pool fire KW - Organic peroxides KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - CFD KW - Safety distances PY - 2011 UR - http://www.vfdb.de/download/MagdeburgWorkshop2010/Schaelike_vfdb2010.pdf N1 - Geburtsname von Vela-Wallenschus, Iris: Vela, I. - Birth name of Vela-Wallenschus, Iris: Vela, I. SP - 1 EP - 25 AN - OPUS4-23352 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike T1 - Classification of 5-Aminotetrazole and its hydrate T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidizierung Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23571 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan T1 - Safety considerations for organic peroxide fires T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidizierung Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23572 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Self-reactive Substances Type G - Candidates for Division 4.2 T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Groupe Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23578 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Burning tests on liquid and solid organic peroxides - organic peroxide storage regulations, Part 2: Germany/Europe T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23579 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Desensitized Explosives T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17468 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Aqueous solutions of sodium permanganate - oxidising properties in the sense of test UN O.2? T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17472 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Center for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances - Brief information about status and activities T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17473 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - A couple of open questions concerning the classification of organic peroxides T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working group meeting CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17474 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - What do we know about dinitrotoluene from a safety-related point of view? T2 - Dinitrotoluene Safety Conference CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2009-04-21 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19305 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Radiative characteristics of large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - 4th European Combustion Meeting (Proceedings) CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2009-04-14 KW - Pool fire KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - CFD KW - Temperature KW - Surface emissive power KW - Irradiance PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-902655-06-6 SP - 1 EP - 6(?) PB - ProcessEng Engineering GmbH CY - Vienna AN - OPUS4-19400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Calibration apparatus for the Koenen test T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-06-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19499 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Vent sizing of an organic peroxide using several model tanks T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-06-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19501 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chun, H. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Vela, I. A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Thermal radiation of di-tert-butyl peroxide pool fires - Experimental investigation and CFD simulation KW - Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) pool fire KW - CFD simulation KW - Flame emission temperature KW - Surface emissive power (SEP) KW - Irradiance PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.088 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 167 SP - 105 EP - 113 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-19598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Numerical prediction of safety distances from large pool fires of organic peroxides N2 - Organic peroxides are energetic substances liable to decompose due to exothermic reactions when exposed to uncontrolled temperature, contamination, confinement and quantity. Their safe storage and transportation are the prime concern and chemical industries and regulating authorities. Their accidental release may and most often lead to shape of a pool. In present study, safety distances from such large pool fires (diameter d = 3.4 m) of organic peroxides are numerically predicted by solving the reactive, 3-D time dependent Navier-Stokes equations with reliable assumptions. The present model is validated against the data on buoyant turbulent diffusion flames. The safety distances predicted by simulation assume three regions in a fully developed fire i.e. hot spot, luminous zone and a flame surface. The time averaged data of temperatures of these regions lead to better estimation of irradiances against the measured data. A developed sphere analogy method (for a special class of organic peroxides) for maximum surface emissive power prediction is also verified. T2 - 40th International annual conference of ICT - Energetic Materials - Characterisation, Modelling and Validation CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2009-06-23 KW - Organic peroxides KW - Safety distances KW - Navier-stokes equations KW - Irradiance KW - Surface emissive power PY - 2009 SN - 0722-4087 SP - 88-1 - 88-14 PB - DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmbH CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-19599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vela, I. A1 - Chun, Hyunjoo A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Gawlowski, M. A1 - Sudhoff, P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Vorhersage der thermischen Strahlung großer Kohlenwasserstoff- und Peroxid-Poolfeuer mit CFD Simulation KW - CFD Simulation KW - Poolfeuer KW - JP-4 KW - Kerosin KW - Di-tert-butylperoxid KW - Thermische Strahlung PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-009-0094-3 SN - 0015-7899 SN - 1434-0860 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 97 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-19531 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. ED - Witt, P. J. ED - Schwarz, M.P. T1 - Prediction of burning rate of an accidentally released flammable fuel by means of CFD simulation T2 - 7th International Conference on CFD in the minerals and process industries CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 2009-12-09 KW - Mass burning rate KW - CFD simulation KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - Turbulent fire KW - Fuel Froude number PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-643-09825-1 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-20768 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Measurement and CFD prediction of gas velocities and temperatures in large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - 36th National conference on fluid mechanics and fluid power - NCFMFP-2009 CY - Pune, India DA - 2009-12-17 KW - Pool fire KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - Froude number KW - CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) PY - 2009 IS - Paper 58-CFD-5 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-20769 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Comments on "Thermal explosion and runaway reaction simulation of lauroyl peroxide by DSC tests, by Mei-Li You, Ming-Yang Liu, Sheng-Hung Wu, Jen-Hao Chi, Chi-Min Shu" (Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2009;96:777-782) KW - Lauroyl peroxide KW - Thermal analysis KW - DSC KW - Kinetics PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0534-1 SN - 1388-6150 SN - 1418-2874 SN - 0368-4466 SN - 1572-8943 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 885 EP - 886 PB - Kluwer Academic Publ. CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-20791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Adams, W. D. A1 - Mak, W. A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Kumasaki, M. T1 - Report about the IGUS EOS meeting 2010 in Tokyo KW - IGUS KW - EOS KW - Organic peroxides KW - Self-reactive substances KW - Energetic materials KW - Test methods KW - Oxidizers KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Fertilizers PY - 2010 SN - 0570-4480 N1 - Sprachen: Japanisch/Englisch - Languages: Japanese/English VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 240 EP - 243 CY - Tokyo, Japan AN - OPUS4-21942 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Neumann, D.U. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - The hexaazidogermanate(IV) ion: syntheses, structures, and reactions KW - Azides KW - Density functional calculations KW - Germanium KW - Hypervalent compounds KW - Main group elements PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20001201)39:23<4333::AID-ANIE4333>3.0.CO;2-S SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 SN - 0570-0833 VL - 39 IS - 23 SP - 4333 EP - 4336 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Schnakenburg, G. A1 - Davis, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Neutrale Lewis-Basen-Addukte des Siliciumtetraazids KW - Azide KW - Hyperkoordination KW - N-Liganden KW - Silicium KW - Stickstoffreiche Verbindungen PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201001826 SN - 0044-8249 SN - 0932-2140 SN - 1521-3757 VL - 122 IS - 43 SP - 8185 EP - 8189 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22201 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Schnakenburg, G. A1 - Davis, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Neutral lewis base adducts of silicon tetraazide KW - Silicon KW - Azides KW - Hypercoordination KW - Nitrogen-rich compounds KW - N-ligands PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201001826 SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 SN - 0570-0833 VL - 49 IS - 43 SP - 8013 EP - 8016 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Schuurman, P. T1 - The "Mini Closed Pressure Vessel Test (MCPVT)" as a screening or classification test for explosive properties of organic peroxides N2 - Tests according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods for the determination of explosive properties of organic peroxides have been compared with screening criteria for explosivity based on measurements in a closed mini-autoclave (MCPVT). It will be shown that an additional screening test may be helpful but the information obtained from the UN tests are more important to characterise the specific properties of a substance under different conditions. KW - MCPVT KW - Organic peroxides KW - UN Manual of Tests and Criteria KW - Explosive properties PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2003.08.001 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 16 SP - 523 EP - 531 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-2699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Brandversuche an Nitrocellulose-Zubereitungen - Erweiterung eines Kleinbrandverfahrens für organische Peroxide auf Zubereitungen mit Nitrocellulose PY - 2003 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 105 EP - 109 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-2700 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Krause, Ulrich A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Some comments on the paper of H. Fierz: Influence of heat transport mechanisms on transport classification by SADT-measurement as measured by the Dewar-method PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00221-8 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 103 SP - 169 EP - 173 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2687 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskursus: "Sicherheit von chemischen Reaktionen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-10-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3192 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and similar compounds - Properties and Classification T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 2002-03-20 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3193 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Working Group on Development of a Small-Scale Burning Test for Solid Organic Peroxides and Pastes -Situation and Future Developments- T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 2002-03-20 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3194 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Tests on Vessels Containing a Metal Alkyl in Ether T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 2002-03-20 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3195 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Druckentlastung von Behältern für metallorganische Verbindungen T2 - BAM-Sonderkolloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-05-27 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3196 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steensma, M. A1 - Schuurman, P. A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Krause, Ulrich A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Evaluation of the validity of the UN SADT H.4 test for solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances N2 - Many self-accelerating decomposition temperatures (SADTs) of solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances have been determined with the UN test method H.4, which is a scaled down test in a small Dewar vessel. For solid organic peroxides and solid self-reactive substances Fierz has questioned this procedure in a recent paper. Fierz concluded that the Dewar test results should not be extrapolated to beyond 8 l packages, owing to the thermal insulation value of solids. On the other hand, long term experience with the test, with a great variety of solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances show about equal critical temperatures in the small Dewar vessel and on 50 kg scale. In the present work, we first checked, by numerical simulations, the Dewar scale versus the larger scale, in a way comparable with Fierz’ method: both scales are simulated by spheres, consisting of a number of annular layers, for the large scale the usual external heat loss term is used but for the small scale the outside heat transfer is strongly limited. The outcome of these simulations, covering a variety of physical parameters, supports the concerns expressed by Fierz. After this, we performed accurate cooling and heating experiments with solid organic peroxide in the usual Dewar vessel, provided with a large set of thermocouples. The results of these experiments showed that the simulation model for the Dewar vessel has to be changed from a spherical analogue to a short cylinder of solid material with heat exchange mainly via its top (Utop 3.5 W/(m2 K), overall heat transfer coefficient) and some heat exchange (Uside 0.29 W/(m2 K)) through its cylindrical and bottom part. With this “modified cylinder” model (being neither an infinitely long cylinder nor a slab) of the Dewar vessel, we found that the UN method H.4 enables an accurate prediction of the SADT, with small deviations of 0 ± 2.5 °C. Further, by performing a truly three-dimensional (3D) finite element calculation in FEMLAB, the new heat characteristics of the Dewar vessel as well as a 50 kg package of dilauroyl peroxide, a solid organic peroxide, were checked. The outcome was compared with the critical ambient temperatures known for various package sizes, which agreed well. KW - SADT of solids KW - Transport regulations KW - UN H.4 test (HAST) KW - Numerical simulations KW - Scale-up procedure PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.09.028 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 117 IS - 2-3 SP - 89 EP - 102 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-5604 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Prediction of the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for liquid organic peroxides from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements N2 - We present a prediction (estimation, calculation, screening) method for the estimation of the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for liquid organic peroxides from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements based on the concepts of thermal explosion theory originally introduced by Semonov which are adopted to our problem assuming nth-order reaction kinetics. For the peroxides under investigation, we demonstrate good agreement with the experimental SADT. This method can be used as a quick and easy applicable method for the estimation of the critical temperatures. KW - Organic peroxides KW - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) KW - Self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.12.040 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 120 IS - 1-3 SP - 21 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7308 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Zemke, Gerhard-Reinhard A1 - Dischl, G. A1 - Maier, M. T1 - Deckelflug - Können Organische Peroxide vom Typ D unter Umständen in Doppelkammer-Stahl-IBC mit Verdünnungsautomatik befördert werden? Das zeigte ein Brandversuch. KW - Brandprüfung KW - Organisches Peroxid KW - Stahl-IBC PY - 2005 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 22 EP - 23 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-7342 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Testing and classification of new energetic substances and mixtures according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods T2 - Third NRIFD Symposium - International Symposium on Safety in the Manufacture, Storage, Use, Transport and Disposal of Hazardous Materials CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2004-03-10 PY - 2004 SP - 201 EP - 217 PB - National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) CY - Tokio AN - OPUS4-7454 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Energiereiche organische Materialien T2 - Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena CY - Jena, Germany DA - 2005-05-31 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Detonation tests on mixtures containing hydrogen peroxide and alcohol - detonation velocities and fragmentation types T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Buxton, England DA - 2005-06-16 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreck, Andreas A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Gmeinwieser, T. A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Investigation of the explosive hazard of mixtures containing hydrogen peroxide and different alcohols N2 - The explosive properties of mixtures of aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and different alcohols (R–OH) like 2-propanol (2-PropOH), 2-methyl-2-propanol (TBA), 2-methyl-2-butanol (TAA) and 2-methyl-2-pentanol (THA) were investigated. Among others, the potential hazard of such mixtures may be characterized by their ability to react by different mechanisms of an explosion in the condensed phase, e.g. the thermal explosion or the detonation. Accordingly, the mixtures were experimentally investigated either by heating them up under confinement in different autoclaves or by exposing them to a shock wave impact applying the steel tube test. The results are discussed and compared to literature data. KW - Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and alcohols KW - Explosive properties KW - Steel tube test KW - TEVT KW - MCPVT PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.01.003 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 108 IS - 1-2 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-3535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krebs, Holger A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Kebben, Jochen A1 - Grelak, H.-J. T1 - Untersuchungen zur Druckentlastung von Behältern mittels sprengtechnischer Verfahren T2 - 25. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Deutschland DA - 2003-04-25 PY - 2003 SN - 0941-4584 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 30 EP - 34 PB - Deutscher Sprengverband CY - Siegen AN - OPUS4-4908 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Dischl, G. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Druck-Abbau PY - 2003 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 14 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-2131 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Dischl, G. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Brand- und Entlastungsversuche an einem 1m³ Kunststoff-IBC PY - 2003 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 14 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-2294 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Classification of Cianamide, 50 % in water - a formulation stabilized by temperature control T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidisign Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2003-03-17 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3955 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - In the UN H.4 test a suitable test to determine the SADT for solids in a 50kg packaging or not? T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidisign Substantces (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2003-03-17 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Classification of mixtures containing oxidisers and flammable substances according to the UN Recommendations T2 - Meeting at the French Ministry of transport CY - Paris, France DA - 2003-09-23 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3954 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Testing and classification of new energetic substances and mixtures according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods T2 - Third Symposium of the National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) - International Symposium on Safety in the Manufacture, Storage, Use, Transport and Disposal of Hazardous Materials CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2004-03-10 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5329 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskursus: "Sicherheit von chemischen Reaktionen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-10-13 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5331 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Fire engulfment test on a new type of a metal IBC containing an organic peroxide T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Sustances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Tsukuba, Japan DA - 2004-03-15 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5334 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -