TY - CONF A1 - Salg, Steffen A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Schomäcker, R. T1 - Die Deflagration von Azodicarbonamid unter verschiedenen Umgebungsbedingungen N2 - Azodicarbonamid (ADCA) ist ein bekanntermaßen deflagrationsfähiger Stoff, der in der Kunststoffindustrie als Treib- und Blähmittel eingesetzt wird. In diesem Beitrag wird die Deflagration von ADCA unter verschiedenen Bedingungen betrachtet. Es werden Ergebnisse von Experimenten in offenen und geschlossenen Systemen präsentiert. In geschlossenen Systemen wurde die Zusammensetzung der umgebenden Atmosphäre von Luft mit Umgebungsdruck über Luft mit Unter- und Überdruck hin zu Stickstoff mit Umgebungsdruck variiert. Um das Deflagrationsrisiko zu reduzieren wird eine Verarbeitung von ADCA im Vakuum vorgeschlagen. T2 - 14. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2016 KW - Deflagration KW - geschlossene Behälterprüfung PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7 SN - 0938-5533 SP - 118 EP - 125 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-37877 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Thermische Zersetzung von AIBN - Experimente und Simulationen zur Bestimmung der SADT N2 - Die thermische Zersetzung von AIBN wurde in einem Projekt mit mehreren Teilnehmern untersucht. Hierbei wurde die selbstbeschleunigende Zersetzungstemperatur SADT) sowohl experimentell als auf Grundlage von Simulationsrechnungen bestimmt. Die Besonderheit bei dem Feststoff AIBN ist, dass die Zersetzung sowohl in der festen, als auch in der flüssigen Phase nach dem Schmelzen stattfindet, was bei den durchgeführten Simulationsrechnungen berücksichtigt werden musste. Die berechneten SADT Werte stimmen mit den experimentell bestimmten sehr gut überein. T2 - 14. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2016 KW - SADT KW - Reaktionskinetik KW - AIBN KW - DSC KW - UN-Test H.1 KW - UN-Test H.4 PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7 SN - 0938-5533 SP - 54 EP - 59 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-37878 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Feuerbälle organischer Peroxide: Thermische Strahlung und Sicherheitsabstände N2 - Das Abbrandverhalten und die thermische Strahlung von Poolfeuern organischer Peroxide (OP) wurden bereits in der Vergangenheit ausführlich untersucht. Dabei ergaben sich zum Teil erhebliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Abbrandraten, Temperaturen, Strahlungsintensitäten und Flammenlängen im Vergleich zu flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Das größere Gefahrenpotenzial von OP führt zu strikteren Sicherheitsbestimmungen für Lagerung und Transport. Da das Gefahrenpotenzial maßgeblich von den tatsächlich auftretenden Szenarien abhängt, ist eine Bewertung solcher Ereignisse unumgänglich um nachhaltig die Gesundheit von Mensch und Umgebung zu sichern. Ein Metallfass, gefüllt mit 200 Litern DTBP (Di-tertiär-butylperoxid), wurde auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit der BAM einem Außenfeuer ausgesetzt. Durch den starken Wärmeeintrag erhöht sich die Massenabbrandrate des Peroxids um ein Vielfaches und das Fass entleert sich schließlich unter Ausbildung mehrerer Feuerbälle. Die Flammengröße, Flammentemperatur und damit die thermische Strahlung überschreiten die der gewöhnlichen OP-Poolfeuer. Die resultierenden höheren Sicherheitsabstände sind abschließend berechnet. T2 - 14. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2016 KW - DTBP KW - Feuerbälle KW - Organische Peroxide KW - Thermische Strahlung PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7 SN - 0938-5533 SP - 126 EP - 133 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-37881 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Die Explosionskatastrophe von Tianjin 2015 N2 - Am 12. August 2015 kam es in einem Containerlager im Hafen von Tianjin (China) zu einer Serie von Explosionen wobei 173 Menschen getötet und 797 verletzt wurden (Feuerwehrleute und andere Personen). Die ersten beiden Explosionen ereigneten sich innerhalb von 30 Sekunden. Die zweite Explosion war wesentlich heftiger und beruhte u. a. auf der detonativen Umsetzung von ca. 800 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat. Nach einem Untersuchungsbericht der chinesischen Behörden (Februar 2016) war die Ursache eine Überhitzung eines Containers mit Nitrocellulose-Produkten. Zusammen mit Kollegen von der Nanjing University of Science and Technology arbeiteten Kollegen der Abteilung 2 an der Analyse der Gründe für die Explosionen und deren Verlauf basierend auf den Kenntnissen und Erfahrungen bezüglich der Eigenschaften der involvierten Stoffe, insbesondere Ammoniumnitrat und Nitrocellulose, sowie der potentiellen Mechanismen für die Auslösung und Weiterleitung. Beschrieben werden die in Deutschland gültigen Vorschriften für den Umgang, insbesondere die Lagerung, von Ammoniumnitrat und Nitrocellulose-Produkten. T2 - Fachsymposium 2016 der Kommission für Anlagensicherheit "Anlagensicherheit und Umgang mit gefährlichen Stoffen in einem komplexen Umfeld - Theorie und Praxis am Beispiel des Hamburger Hafens" CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 13.09.2016 KW - Ammoniumnitrat KW - Nitrocellulose KW - Tianjin PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37882 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siddapureddy, S. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Prabhu, S. V. T1 - Heat transfer to bodies engulfed in di-tert-butyl peroxide pool fires - Numerical simulations N2 - The thermal response of bodies engulfed in di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) pool fires is studied numerically. High heat release rates, high velocities and high emissive powers portray the combustion of DTBP. This makes exceptionally hazard for bodies engulfed in DTBP fire accidents. The concept of adiabatic surface temperature (AST) is applied for DTBP pool fires to circumvent the difficulty of defining the fire exposure boundary condition at the solid surface. Adiabatic surface temperatures (AST) are computed for pool diameters 1.13 m and 3.4 m using the fire dynamics simulator. The thermal response of cask in a 1.13 m DTBP pool fire is studied to verify the concept of AST. It is found that a cask encounters twofold the heat fluxes in DTBP fires than in diesel pool fires. More than 30% of the net heat flux to the cask is a direct result of the convective heat exchange between the fire and the cask. This implies that the regular safety guidelines formulated for hydrocarbon pool fires are not adequate for the safety of the bodies engulfed in DTBP pool fires. KW - Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) pool fire KW - CFD simulation KW - Adiabatic surface temperature (AST) KW - Cask in fire PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.09.008 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 44 SP - 204 EP - 211 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-37883 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Diffusive burning of blended peroxy-fuels: Some experimental results N2 - Dampening of energetic properties and the effects of blending proportions of isododecane on the diffusive burning behaviour of peroxy-fuels are experimentally studied. Blended peorxy-fuels are obtained by adding isododecane in the proportions of 25 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 75 wt.%, respectively, in technical pure peroxy-fuels. The fuels were burned in form of pool fires with diameters 0.02 m ≤ d ≤ 1 m. The mass burning rates and relative flame lengths are found to be weakened with increasing diluent proportions. By measuring the mass burning rates and visible flame lengths of pool fires of different samples of fuel blends an optimum blending criterion is developed. Furthermore, it is shown that the dilution proportions and flame characteristics can be correlated by empirical equations. KW - Peroxy-fuels KW - Blends KW - Isododecan KW - Pool fire KW - Mass burning rate KW - Flame length PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.06.014 SN - 0016-2361 SN - 0378-3820 SN - 1873-7153 VL - 140 SP - 324 EP - 330 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-34950 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Underground gas pipeline explosion and fire: CFD based assessment of foreseeability N2 - Scenarios of underground gas pipeline failure, crater formation, dispersion of gas, explosion and subsequent fires are investigated with semi-empirical and with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelling. In order to strengthen the accident based learning approaches present investigations are performed in the context of recent GAIL (Gas Authority of India Limited) natural gas pipeline incident occurred in India. The foreseeability of damages to lives of people and assets due to explosion overpressure and thermal radiation are assessed. The released gas is considered as slightly dense-than-air i.e. 1.5 times. Depending on the LFL (Lower Flammability Limit) of gas the dispersion diameter and heights are predicted which followed the visual evidences appropriately. The model was furthermore tested with an even denser medium and was found to be worked well there too. The estimated explosion overpressures with the standard methods and also with CFD reproduced the scenario nicely. The effects of congestion VBR (Volume Blockage Ratio) in form of vegetation on stable atmospheric boundary layer flow is analysed and its contribution towards turbulence and hazard enhancement is studied. It is found that the major source of fatalities was higher thermal radiation emitted by pool fires of methane. The estimated thermal safety distances clearly demonstrate the ignorance/under estimation of likelihood and consequence of such hazardous events. For such incidents CFD demonstrated a strong capability to assess the pre or/and post events foreseeabilities within a reasonable amount of time and with an acceptable level of accuracy meeting the industrial needs for risk analysis. KW - Natural gas KW - Underground pipeline KW - Dense gas dispersion KW - Explosion and fire KW - CFD KW - Safety distance PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.04.010 SN - 1875-5100 VL - 24 SP - 526 EP - 542 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-33671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Manolov, Manol T1 - Thermal decomposition of AIBN Part A: Decomposition in real scale packages and SADT determination N2 - In this paper the thermal decomposition of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was investigated in real scale packages of different sizes and in 500 mL Dewar vessels. Packages containing 5 kg, 20 kg and 50 kg of AIBN have been investigated according to the UN test H.1 method and the 500 mL Dewar experiments were performed according to the UN test H.4 method. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) was determined for the different masses and for the 500 mL Dewar vessel. Additionally, DSC curves have been recorded in closed crucibles. All these experimental data are the basis of a series of forthcoming papers dealing with the simulation of the SADT for different masses using reliable kinetic data. PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.06.013 SN - 0040-6031 SN - 1872-762X VL - 621 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-35010 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) of peroxy-fuels: Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 2015-05-06 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33377 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - MNB, DNT and MNT - Relevant safety aspects T2 - Mononitrobenzene and Dinitrotoluene Safety Conference CY - Lyon, France DA - 2015-04-14 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33383 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Mishra, K. B. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Thermal radiation impact of DTBP fireballs N2 - The burning behaviour and thermal radiation of pool fires of organic peroxides (OP) have been studied by several authors in the past. It was shown that mass burning rates, flame temperatures and thus the Surface Emissive Power (SEP) of OP exceed to that of hydrocarbons considerably. These facts lead to further investigations of even dangerous worst case scenarios i.e. related to storage and transportation. A metal drum containing 200 l of DTBP (Di-tert-butyl peroxide) is investigated under a surrounding wood fire. Due to a higher heat flux to the substance, the mass burning rate reaches multiples of an equivalent pool fire and results in several fireballs. The analyses of thermographic camera images and radiometer measurements show higher flame lengths, higher temperatures and thereforeincreased thermal radiation compared to OP pool fires. The resulting greater safety distances for a DTBP fireball event are discussed. T2 - New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials (NTREM) CY - Pardubice, Czech Republic DA - 20.04.2016 KW - organic peroxide KW - pool fire KW - fireball KW - thermal radiation KW - safety distance PY - 2016 SN - 978-80-7395-976-0 SP - 410 EP - 418 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-35858 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - 2015 Tianjin Explosions N2 - In 2015 a series of explosions occurred at a container storage station at the Port of Tianjin, China, on Wednesday, 12 August 2015, that killed over one hundred people and injured hundreds of firemen and others. The first two explosions happened within 30 seconds of each other at the facility. The second explosion was larger and involved the detonation of about 800 tons of ammonium nitrate. The cause of the explosions was not known at first, but an investigation of the Chinese authorities concluded in February 2016 that an overheated container of dry nitrocellulose was the cause of the initial explosion. Colleagues of the Nanjing University of Science and Technology and BAM worked together to analyze the reasons and the process of that incident based on knowledge about the properties of the involved substances, particularly ammonium nitrate and nitrocellulose, and potential mechanism of initiation and propagation. T2 - IGUS EOS Meeting CY - Basel, Switzerland DA - 11.04.2016 KW - Tianjin KW - Nitrocellulose KW - Ammonium nitrate PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35861 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. ED - K.N. Seetharamu, ED - T.R. Seetharam, ED - Pradeep G. Hedge, ED - H.M. Mallikarjuna, T1 - On the dynamics of organic peroxide pool flames T2 - 35th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power CY - Bangalore, India DA - 2008-12-11 KW - Peroxide and kerosene pool flames KW - Froude number KW - CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) PY - 2008 IS - FMFP 08 - 076 SP - 643 EP - 650 CY - Bangalore, India AN - OPUS4-18690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Losse, G. A1 - Mahlberg, W. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Synthesis of lysergyl-enkephalin derivatives PY - 1979 SN - 0009-4374 SN - 0223-5234 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 325 EP - 328 PB - EDIFOR CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-19633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Losse, G. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Synthese von N-(D-Lyseryl-L-valyl)-L-phenylalanyl-D-prolin-lactam, eines neuen Alkaloids aus Claviceps purpurea PY - 1981 SN - 0044-2402 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 148 EP - 149 PB - Dt. Verl. für Grundstoffindustrie CY - Leipzig AN - OPUS4-19634 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Losse, G. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Ein neuer synthetischer Zugang zu Ergot-Peptidalkaloiden des N - (d-Lysergyl-aminoacy1)-lactam Types PY - 1981 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.19813230604 SN - 0021-8383 VL - 323 IS - 6 SP - 869 EP - 876 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-19630 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Losse, G. A1 - Mahlberg, W. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Neuere Ergebnisse bei der Derivatisierung von Ergolinalkaloiden PY - 1978 SN - 0031-7144 VL - 33 IS - 10 SP - 627 EP - 632 PB - Govi-Verl. CY - Eschborn AN - OPUS4-19631 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Losse, G. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Eine vereinfachte Synthese von Methionin-Enkephalin PY - 1978 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.19783200610 SN - 0021-8383 VL - 320 IS - 6 SP - 963 EP - 966 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-19632 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wildner, W. A1 - Güthner, T. A1 - Holzrichter, K. A1 - Mertschenk, B. A1 - Ulrich, Armin T1 - Safe transport of cyanamide N2 - For many years cyanamide (CAS no. 420-04-2) was not commercially available due to its unstable nature. Since about 1965 the former "Süddeutsche Kalkstickstoffwerke AG" (current name: AlzChem Trostberg GmbH) developed a special stabilizing system. It was to be investigated to which Class (e.g. "Corrosive Substances", Class 8) or Division (e.g. "Self-reactive Substances", Division 4.1) of the International Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods cyanamide (pure or as a 50% solution in water) should be assigned and based on this which maximum quantities are allowed to transport e.g. in tanks. Cyanamide is used for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agrochemical actives, biocides, dyestuffs and fine chemicals. During the last years cyanamide was tested at BAM and AQura. The results and an appraisal are presented in this paper. Thus, cyanamide should be classified according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in Class 8, UN number 2922 (50% solution in water) and UN number 2923 (pure substance) respectively, packaging group III, danger labels 8 + 6.1. Cyanamide, 50% solution in water, can be transported in portable tanks under specific conditions. KW - Cyanamide KW - Phys-chemical properties KW - Thermal stability KW - SADT KW - Tank transport KW - Transport classification PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.043 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 170 IS - 2-3 SP - 829 EP - 835 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-19816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Test data for new N-rich organic compounds T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2010-05-26 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21359 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Berger, Anka T1 - Explosive Properties and Thermal Hazards of Azodicarboxylates T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2010-05-26 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21360 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wilrich, Cordula A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter ED - Suter, G. ED - de Rademaeker, E. T1 - Examples for the influence of non-intrinsic properties on the classification of physical hazards according to the UN-GHS T2 - 13th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Brugge, Belgium DA - 2010-06-06 KW - UN-GHS KW - GHS KW - Chemikalieneinstufung KW - Classification of chemicals KW - Physikalische Gefahren KW - Physical hazards PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-76019-291 VL - 02 SP - 395 EP - 398 CY - Brugge, Belgium AN - OPUS4-21525 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. ED - Suter, G. ED - de Rademaeker, E. T1 - Characterization of large pool fires of organic compounds containing oxygen atoms T2 - 13th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Brugge, Belgium DA - 2010-06-06 KW - Pool fire KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Alcohols KW - Ketones KW - Organic peroxides KW - Fire characteristics PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-76019-291 VL - I SP - 365 EP - 372 CY - Brugge, Belgium AN - OPUS4-21552 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Pool and tank fires - Are we really prepared? N2 - The industrial fire accidents e.g. Buncefield (2005) and Jaipur (2009) have come up with several issues concerning safe storage and transportation of flammable liquids. The pre and post fire consequences are therefore important to be analyzed prior to the handling of flammable fuels. Pool or/and tank fire is the most often seen scenario after the leak/spill of liquid fuel. An overview of the typical scenarios from large hydrocarbon and organic peroxide pool fires and their respective safety distances for the people and the infrastructure are the important subjects of this paper. T2 - 8th Asia-Pacific conference on combustion CY - Hyderabad, India DA - 2010-12-10 KW - Flammable liquids KW - Pool fire KW - Safety distance KW - Organic peroxides PY - 2010 SP - 697 EP - 702 AN - OPUS4-23004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Evaluative comparison of two methods for SADT determination (UN H.1 and H.4) N2 - We present our results on the comparsion of two methods for the SADT determination. Both methods, UN test H.1 and UN test H.4 are recommended by the international transport regulations from the UN. But during the last years the applicability of the UN test H.4 has been questioned for solid substances. Therefore, three organic peroxidesand one self-reactive substance have been investigated in 5 kg and 20 kg packages as well as in the UN test H.4 in a 500 mL dewar vessel. The SADT values determined with the different methods match. The UN test H.4 seems to be well suited also for solid substances at least for 20 kg or 60 L. T2 - 12th Annual symposium, Mary Kay O´Connor Process Safety Center "Beyond regulatory compliance: making safety second nature" CY - College Station, Texas, USA DA - 2009-10-27 KW - Thermal explosion KW - Organic peroxides KW - Self-reactive substances KW - SADT KW - Heat accumulation storage test KW - US SADT test PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-692-00459-3 IS - Chapter "Explosion - I" SP - 230 EP - 237 AN - OPUS4-20277 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Berger, Anka A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Azodicarboxylates: Explosive properties and thermal hazards N2 - A large number of Azodicarboxylates and their derivatives are produced and used in the chemical industries. The versatile applications of these Azodicarboxylates in research institutes and in the chemical industries for chemical synthesis arouse additional hazards. The aim of this paper is to obtain a predication about the structure-response relationship regarding the explosive properties and the thermal hazards of different versatile used Azodicarboxylates. The substances were examined with the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, different laboratory test methods, based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, were applied to determine the explosive properties of the mentioned substances. T2 - 12th Annual symposium, Mary Kay O´Connor Process Safety Center "Beyond regulatory compliance: making safety second nature" CY - College Station, Texas, USA DA - 2009-10-27 KW - Azodicarboxylates KW - Thermal decomposition KW - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) KW - Explosive properties PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-692-00459-3 IS - Chapter "Explosion - I" SP - 192 EP - 202 AN - OPUS4-20278 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Necessary modifications concerning energetic substances for an amendment of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods T2 - IGUS EOS Ad-hoc Meeting "Energetic and Oxidizing Substances" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2010-02-11 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21123 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskurs "Sicherheit chemischer Reaktionen", BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2010-03-22 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21288 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schälike, Stefan A1 - Vela-Wallenschus, Iris A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Vorhersage der kritischen thermischen Abstände von LNG-Poolfeuern N2 - Die Bedeutung von Flüssigerdgas (LNG, liquefied natural gas) ist durch die Erschließung entfernt liegender Resourcen und den damit verbundenen Transportwegen sowie durch die verbesserte Prozesstechnik bei der Verflüssigung (z.B. Mixed Fluid Cascade (MFC®) Verflüssigungsprozess) weltweit gestiegen. In den letzten Jahren sind zahlreiche neue Großanlagen wie die in Kollsnes, Hammerfest (beide Norwegen 2003, 2007), Kwinana (Australien 2008) und Shan Shan (China, 2004) mit Kapazitäten von bis 4.7 Mt/a entstanden. Das Gefährdungspotential von flüssigem Erdgas besteht neben dem niedrigen Siedepunkt Tb = −161 °C im Zündbereich zwischen 4.4 - 17 Vol.% sowie im großen Expansionsverhältnis. Bei einer störungsbedingten Freisetzung von LNG kann es somit zu Poolfeuer kommen, wodurch mit großem Schaden an benachbarten verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen und vor allem an Personen zu rechnen ist. T2 - 10. Fachtagung "Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit" Köthen 2010 CY - Köthen/Frankfurt/M., Deutschland DA - 04.11.2010 KW - Anlagensicherheit KW - Umweltschutz KW - Sicherheitstechnik KW - Explosionsschutz KW - Poolfeuer KW - LNG KW - CFD-Simulation KW - Flammentemperatur KW - SEP PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-89746-119-2 N1 - Geburtsname von Vela-Wallenschus, Iris: Vela, I. - Birth name of Vela-Wallenschus, Iris: Vela, I. SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-22466 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Safety aspects of organic peroxide pool fires T2 - COMBURA 2010 - Combustion research and application CY - Maastricht, The Netherlands DA - 2010-10-12 KW - Pool fire KW - Organic peroxides KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - CFD KW - Safety distances PY - 2010 SP - 11 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-22484 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Anka A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Azodicarboxylates: Explosive properties and DSC measurements N2 - A large number of azodicarboxylates and their derivatives are produced and used in the chemical industries. The versatile applications of these azodicarboxylates in research institutes and in the chemical industries for chemical synthesis arouse additional hazards. The intent of this paper is to obtain first knowledge about the structure–response relationship regarding the explosive properties and the thermal hazards of different versatile used azodicarboxylates. The substances are examined with the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, different laboratory test methods, based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, are applied to determine the explosive properties of the mentioned substances. On the basis of the obtained results, the known influence of the nitrogen content within the molecule regarding their thermal behaviour could be confirmed. The measured heat of decomposition appeared to be proportional to the nitrogen content within the group of the aliphatic and the aromatic azodicarboxylates. To emphasize this dependency, further investigations should be done. The long term objective of this research is to develop structure–response relationships of the explosive properties and the thermal hazards originating from azodicarboxylates. KW - Azodicarboxylates KW - Thermal decomposition KW - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) KW - Explosive properties PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.019 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 734 EP - 739 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-22652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Evaluative comparison of two methods for SADT determination (UN H.1 and H.4) N2 - We present our results on the comparison of two methods for the SADT determination. Both methods, UN test H.1 and UN test H.4 are recommended by the international transport regulations from the UN. But during the last years the applicability of the UN test H.4 has been questioned for solid substances. Therefore, three organic peroxides and one self-reactive substance have been investigated in 5 kg and 20 kg packages as well as in the UN test H.4 in a 500 mL Dewar vessel. The SADT values determined with the different methods match. The UN test H.4 seems to be well suited for solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances of at least 20 kg or 60 L. KW - Thermal explosion KW - Organic peroxides KW - Self-reactive substances KW - SADT KW - Heat accumulation storage test KW - US SADT test PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.014 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 740 EP - 744 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-22640 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Antoni, S. A1 - Clemens, J. A1 - Kunath, K. A1 - Rabe, J. A1 - Simon, K. A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Evaluation of the 3rd round robin on solid oxidizer test (UN O.1) with calcium peroxide, sodium nitrate, sodium perborate monohydrate N2 - The classification of solid oxidizers according to the regulations on the transport of dangerous goods (based on the UN Recommendations/Model Regulations and accepted by all international organisations for the transport of dangerous goods as ADR, IMO, IATA) and in future also according to the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) is performed on the basis of the results of the UN test O.1 (UN test O.1 ―Test for oxidizing solids‖ described in chapter 34.4.1 in the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Manual of Tests and Criteria, see [1]). This test was introduced into the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria in 1995 as a replacement for a similar test from 1986. Even if the UN O.1 test as described in the current 5th revised edition of UN Manual of Tests and Criteria gives some improvements compared to the old test, which had had many deficiencies, there are still some problems left with this test in terms of e.g. repeatability or reproducibility of test results, how to handle compacted or multilayer formulations like tablets, toxicity and partly significantly varying particle size distribution within defined fractions of 150 μm to 300 μm of the reference oxidizer potassium bromate (KBrO3). For this reason the IGUS EOS working group installed an ad-hoc working group in 2002 assigned with the task to propose solutions for the existing problems. The appropriateness of such proposed solutions has to be proved by the method of interlaboratory (round robin) tests before they are presented for the adoption to the UN Committee of Experts on the TDG and on the GHS with a proposal of a completely revised test procedure. KW - Round robin KW - Solid oxidizer test KW - United Nations KW - IGUS KW - EOS KW - Calcium peroxide KW - Sodium nitrate KW - Sodium perborate monohydrate PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-232246 SN - 978-3-9813853-7-3 IS - Final Report, 2009 - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 192 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-23224 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Malow, Marcus T1 - Letter to the Editor - Comments on the "Letter to the editor" by M.-L. You and C.-M. Shu (Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2010;100:367-369) as response to the "Letter to the editor" by M. Malow and K.-D. Wehrstedt (Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2009;98:885-886) KW - Dilauroyl peroxide KW - Oxygen balance KW - DSC KW - Simulation KW - SADT PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-010-1122-0 SN - 1388-6150 SN - 1418-2874 SN - 0368-4466 SN - 1572-8943 VL - 103 IS - 1 SP - 409 EP - 410 PB - Kluwer Academic Publ. CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-23210 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskurs "Sicherheit chemischer Reaktionen", BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-03-28 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23461 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Anwendung von Screening-Verfahren und Prüfmethoden zur Charakterisierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - 19. Ulm-Freiberger Kalorimetrietage CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 2011-03-16 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23375 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schälike, Stefan A1 - Vela-Wallenschus, Iris A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Vorhersage der thermischen Strahlung von KW-Poolfeuern mit CFD-Simulation T2 - Workshop Brandschutzforschung CY - Magdeburg, Deutschland DA - 2010-10-04 KW - Pool fire KW - Organic peroxides KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - CFD KW - Safety distances PY - 2011 UR - http://www.vfdb.de/download/MagdeburgWorkshop2010/Schaelike_vfdb2010.pdf N1 - Geburtsname von Vela-Wallenschus, Iris: Vela, I. - Birth name of Vela-Wallenschus, Iris: Vela, I. SP - 1 EP - 25 AN - OPUS4-23352 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike T1 - Classification of 5-Aminotetrazole and its hydrate T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidizierung Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23571 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan T1 - Safety considerations for organic peroxide fires T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidizierung Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23572 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Self-reactive Substances Type G - Candidates for Division 4.2 T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Groupe Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23578 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Burning tests on liquid and solid organic peroxides - organic peroxide storage regulations, Part 2: Germany/Europe T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23579 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Desensitized Explosives T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17468 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Aqueous solutions of sodium permanganate - oxidising properties in the sense of test UN O.2? T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17472 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Center for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances - Brief information about status and activities T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17473 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - A couple of open questions concerning the classification of organic peroxides T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working group meeting CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2008-05-14 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17474 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - What do we know about dinitrotoluene from a safety-related point of view? T2 - Dinitrotoluene Safety Conference CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2009-04-21 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19305 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Radiative characteristics of large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - 4th European Combustion Meeting (Proceedings) CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2009-04-14 KW - Pool fire KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - CFD KW - Temperature KW - Surface emissive power KW - Irradiance PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-902655-06-6 SP - 1 EP - 6(?) PB - ProcessEng Engineering GmbH CY - Vienna AN - OPUS4-19400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Calibration apparatus for the Koenen test T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-06-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19499 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Vent sizing of an organic peroxide using several model tanks T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-06-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19501 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chun, H. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Vela, I. A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Thermal radiation of di-tert-butyl peroxide pool fires - Experimental investigation and CFD simulation KW - Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) pool fire KW - CFD simulation KW - Flame emission temperature KW - Surface emissive power (SEP) KW - Irradiance PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.088 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 167 SP - 105 EP - 113 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-19598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Numerical prediction of safety distances from large pool fires of organic peroxides N2 - Organic peroxides are energetic substances liable to decompose due to exothermic reactions when exposed to uncontrolled temperature, contamination, confinement and quantity. Their safe storage and transportation are the prime concern and chemical industries and regulating authorities. Their accidental release may and most often lead to shape of a pool. In present study, safety distances from such large pool fires (diameter d = 3.4 m) of organic peroxides are numerically predicted by solving the reactive, 3-D time dependent Navier-Stokes equations with reliable assumptions. The present model is validated against the data on buoyant turbulent diffusion flames. The safety distances predicted by simulation assume three regions in a fully developed fire i.e. hot spot, luminous zone and a flame surface. The time averaged data of temperatures of these regions lead to better estimation of irradiances against the measured data. A developed sphere analogy method (for a special class of organic peroxides) for maximum surface emissive power prediction is also verified. T2 - 40th International annual conference of ICT - Energetic Materials - Characterisation, Modelling and Validation CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2009-06-23 KW - Organic peroxides KW - Safety distances KW - Navier-stokes equations KW - Irradiance KW - Surface emissive power PY - 2009 SN - 0722-4087 SP - 88-1 - 88-14 PB - DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmbH CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-19599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vela, I. A1 - Chun, Hyunjoo A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Gawlowski, M. A1 - Sudhoff, P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Vorhersage der thermischen Strahlung großer Kohlenwasserstoff- und Peroxid-Poolfeuer mit CFD Simulation KW - CFD Simulation KW - Poolfeuer KW - JP-4 KW - Kerosin KW - Di-tert-butylperoxid KW - Thermische Strahlung PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-009-0094-3 SN - 0015-7899 SN - 1434-0860 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 97 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-19531 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. ED - Witt, P. J. ED - Schwarz, M.P. T1 - Prediction of burning rate of an accidentally released flammable fuel by means of CFD simulation T2 - 7th International Conference on CFD in the minerals and process industries CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 2009-12-09 KW - Mass burning rate KW - CFD simulation KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - Turbulent fire KW - Fuel Froude number PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-643-09825-1 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-20768 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Measurement and CFD prediction of gas velocities and temperatures in large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - 36th National conference on fluid mechanics and fluid power - NCFMFP-2009 CY - Pune, India DA - 2009-12-17 KW - Pool fire KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - Froude number KW - CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) PY - 2009 IS - Paper 58-CFD-5 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-20769 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Comments on "Thermal explosion and runaway reaction simulation of lauroyl peroxide by DSC tests, by Mei-Li You, Ming-Yang Liu, Sheng-Hung Wu, Jen-Hao Chi, Chi-Min Shu" (Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2009;96:777-782) KW - Lauroyl peroxide KW - Thermal analysis KW - DSC KW - Kinetics PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0534-1 SN - 1388-6150 SN - 1418-2874 SN - 0368-4466 SN - 1572-8943 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 885 EP - 886 PB - Kluwer Academic Publ. CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-20791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Adams, W. D. A1 - Mak, W. A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Kumasaki, M. T1 - Report about the IGUS EOS meeting 2010 in Tokyo KW - IGUS KW - EOS KW - Organic peroxides KW - Self-reactive substances KW - Energetic materials KW - Test methods KW - Oxidizers KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Fertilizers PY - 2010 SN - 0570-4480 N1 - Sprachen: Japanisch/Englisch - Languages: Japanese/English VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 240 EP - 243 CY - Tokyo, Japan AN - OPUS4-21942 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Neumann, D.U. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - The hexaazidogermanate(IV) ion: syntheses, structures, and reactions KW - Azides KW - Density functional calculations KW - Germanium KW - Hypervalent compounds KW - Main group elements PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20001201)39:23<4333::AID-ANIE4333>3.0.CO;2-S SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 SN - 0570-0833 VL - 39 IS - 23 SP - 4333 EP - 4336 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Schnakenburg, G. A1 - Davis, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Neutrale Lewis-Basen-Addukte des Siliciumtetraazids KW - Azide KW - Hyperkoordination KW - N-Liganden KW - Silicium KW - Stickstoffreiche Verbindungen PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201001826 SN - 0044-8249 SN - 0932-2140 SN - 1521-3757 VL - 122 IS - 43 SP - 8185 EP - 8189 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22201 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Portius, P. A1 - Filippou, A.C. A1 - Schnakenburg, G. A1 - Davis, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Neutral lewis base adducts of silicon tetraazide KW - Silicon KW - Azides KW - Hypercoordination KW - Nitrogen-rich compounds KW - N-ligands PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201001826 SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 SN - 0570-0833 VL - 49 IS - 43 SP - 8013 EP - 8016 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Schuurman, P. T1 - The "Mini Closed Pressure Vessel Test (MCPVT)" as a screening or classification test for explosive properties of organic peroxides N2 - Tests according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods for the determination of explosive properties of organic peroxides have been compared with screening criteria for explosivity based on measurements in a closed mini-autoclave (MCPVT). It will be shown that an additional screening test may be helpful but the information obtained from the UN tests are more important to characterise the specific properties of a substance under different conditions. KW - MCPVT KW - Organic peroxides KW - UN Manual of Tests and Criteria KW - Explosive properties PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2003.08.001 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 16 SP - 523 EP - 531 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-2699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Brandversuche an Nitrocellulose-Zubereitungen - Erweiterung eines Kleinbrandverfahrens für organische Peroxide auf Zubereitungen mit Nitrocellulose PY - 2003 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 105 EP - 109 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-2700 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Krause, Ulrich A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Some comments on the paper of H. Fierz: Influence of heat transport mechanisms on transport classification by SADT-measurement as measured by the Dewar-method PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00221-8 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 103 SP - 169 EP - 173 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2687 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskursus: "Sicherheit von chemischen Reaktionen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-10-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3192 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and similar compounds - Properties and Classification T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 2002-03-20 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3193 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Working Group on Development of a Small-Scale Burning Test for Solid Organic Peroxides and Pastes -Situation and Future Developments- T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 2002-03-20 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3194 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Tests on Vessels Containing a Metal Alkyl in Ether T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Paris, France DA - 2002-03-20 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3195 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Druckentlastung von Behältern für metallorganische Verbindungen T2 - BAM-Sonderkolloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-05-27 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3196 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steensma, M. A1 - Schuurman, P. A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Krause, Ulrich A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Evaluation of the validity of the UN SADT H.4 test for solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances N2 - Many self-accelerating decomposition temperatures (SADTs) of solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances have been determined with the UN test method H.4, which is a scaled down test in a small Dewar vessel. For solid organic peroxides and solid self-reactive substances Fierz has questioned this procedure in a recent paper. Fierz concluded that the Dewar test results should not be extrapolated to beyond 8 l packages, owing to the thermal insulation value of solids. On the other hand, long term experience with the test, with a great variety of solid organic peroxides and self-reactive substances show about equal critical temperatures in the small Dewar vessel and on 50 kg scale. In the present work, we first checked, by numerical simulations, the Dewar scale versus the larger scale, in a way comparable with Fierz’ method: both scales are simulated by spheres, consisting of a number of annular layers, for the large scale the usual external heat loss term is used but for the small scale the outside heat transfer is strongly limited. The outcome of these simulations, covering a variety of physical parameters, supports the concerns expressed by Fierz. After this, we performed accurate cooling and heating experiments with solid organic peroxide in the usual Dewar vessel, provided with a large set of thermocouples. The results of these experiments showed that the simulation model for the Dewar vessel has to be changed from a spherical analogue to a short cylinder of solid material with heat exchange mainly via its top (Utop 3.5 W/(m2 K), overall heat transfer coefficient) and some heat exchange (Uside 0.29 W/(m2 K)) through its cylindrical and bottom part. With this “modified cylinder” model (being neither an infinitely long cylinder nor a slab) of the Dewar vessel, we found that the UN method H.4 enables an accurate prediction of the SADT, with small deviations of 0 ± 2.5 °C. Further, by performing a truly three-dimensional (3D) finite element calculation in FEMLAB, the new heat characteristics of the Dewar vessel as well as a 50 kg package of dilauroyl peroxide, a solid organic peroxide, were checked. The outcome was compared with the critical ambient temperatures known for various package sizes, which agreed well. KW - SADT of solids KW - Transport regulations KW - UN H.4 test (HAST) KW - Numerical simulations KW - Scale-up procedure PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.09.028 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 117 IS - 2-3 SP - 89 EP - 102 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-5604 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Prediction of the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for liquid organic peroxides from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements N2 - We present a prediction (estimation, calculation, screening) method for the estimation of the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for liquid organic peroxides from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements based on the concepts of thermal explosion theory originally introduced by Semonov which are adopted to our problem assuming nth-order reaction kinetics. For the peroxides under investigation, we demonstrate good agreement with the experimental SADT. This method can be used as a quick and easy applicable method for the estimation of the critical temperatures. KW - Organic peroxides KW - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) KW - Self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.12.040 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 120 IS - 1-3 SP - 21 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7308 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Zemke, Gerhard-Reinhard A1 - Dischl, G. A1 - Maier, M. T1 - Deckelflug - Können Organische Peroxide vom Typ D unter Umständen in Doppelkammer-Stahl-IBC mit Verdünnungsautomatik befördert werden? Das zeigte ein Brandversuch. KW - Brandprüfung KW - Organisches Peroxid KW - Stahl-IBC PY - 2005 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 22 EP - 23 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-7342 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Testing and classification of new energetic substances and mixtures according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods T2 - Third NRIFD Symposium - International Symposium on Safety in the Manufacture, Storage, Use, Transport and Disposal of Hazardous Materials CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2004-03-10 PY - 2004 SP - 201 EP - 217 PB - National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) CY - Tokio AN - OPUS4-7454 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Energiereiche organische Materialien T2 - Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena CY - Jena, Germany DA - 2005-05-31 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Detonation tests on mixtures containing hydrogen peroxide and alcohol - detonation velocities and fragmentation types T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Buxton, England DA - 2005-06-16 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreck, Andreas A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Gmeinwieser, T. A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Investigation of the explosive hazard of mixtures containing hydrogen peroxide and different alcohols N2 - The explosive properties of mixtures of aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and different alcohols (R–OH) like 2-propanol (2-PropOH), 2-methyl-2-propanol (TBA), 2-methyl-2-butanol (TAA) and 2-methyl-2-pentanol (THA) were investigated. Among others, the potential hazard of such mixtures may be characterized by their ability to react by different mechanisms of an explosion in the condensed phase, e.g. the thermal explosion or the detonation. Accordingly, the mixtures were experimentally investigated either by heating them up under confinement in different autoclaves or by exposing them to a shock wave impact applying the steel tube test. The results are discussed and compared to literature data. KW - Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and alcohols KW - Explosive properties KW - Steel tube test KW - TEVT KW - MCPVT PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.01.003 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 108 IS - 1-2 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-3535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krebs, Holger A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Kebben, Jochen A1 - Grelak, H.-J. T1 - Untersuchungen zur Druckentlastung von Behältern mittels sprengtechnischer Verfahren T2 - 25. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Deutschland DA - 2003-04-25 PY - 2003 SN - 0941-4584 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 30 EP - 34 PB - Deutscher Sprengverband CY - Siegen AN - OPUS4-4908 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Dischl, G. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Druck-Abbau PY - 2003 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 14 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-2131 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Dischl, G. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Brand- und Entlastungsversuche an einem 1m³ Kunststoff-IBC PY - 2003 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 14 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-2294 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Classification of Cianamide, 50 % in water - a formulation stabilized by temperature control T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidisign Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2003-03-17 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3955 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - In the UN H.4 test a suitable test to determine the SADT for solids in a 50kg packaging or not? T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidisign Substantces (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2003-03-17 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Classification of mixtures containing oxidisers and flammable substances according to the UN Recommendations T2 - Meeting at the French Ministry of transport CY - Paris, France DA - 2003-09-23 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3954 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Testing and classification of new energetic substances and mixtures according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods T2 - Third Symposium of the National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) - International Symposium on Safety in the Manufacture, Storage, Use, Transport and Disposal of Hazardous Materials CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2004-03-10 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5329 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskursus: "Sicherheit von chemischen Reaktionen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-10-13 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5331 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Fire engulfment test on a new type of a metal IBC containing an organic peroxide T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Sustances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Tsukuba, Japan DA - 2004-03-15 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5334 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Burning test with a larger amount of dibenzoyl peroxide T2 - OECD-IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Sustances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Tsukuba, Japan DA - 2004-03-15 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Gefahrgüter der Klassen 1, 3, 4.1, 5.1 und 5.2 (Auswahl) T2 - Erfahrungsaustausch mit der Polizei Niedersachsen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-10-26 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5337 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Assignment of HOBt, anhydrous, to a division of class 1 T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2006-04-05 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Does it always make sense to exclude energetic substances from class 1? T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2006-04-05 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12465 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - External fire (bonfire) tests on steel drums filled with di-tert-butylperoxide T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2006-04-05 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12466 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Brandversuche mit Dibenzoylperoxid (BPO) T2 - Arbeitskreis "Organische Peroxide" der BG Chemie CY - Pullach im Isartal, Germany DA - 2006-04-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12467 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Heitkamp, D. T1 - Explosive properties of 1-hydroxybenzotriazoles KW - 1-Hydroxybenzotriazoles KW - HOBt KW - 6-Cl-HOBt KW - TBTU KW - HOAt KW - Explosive properties PY - 2005 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 126 IS - 1-3 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11043 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Krause, Ulrich T1 - Anwendbarkeit des UN SADT H.4-Tests für feste organische Peroxide KW - Selbstentzündung KW - Peroxide PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200590196 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 77 IS - 8 SP - 1122 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11572 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chun, Hyunjoo A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Untersuchung von Poolbränden organischer Peroxide KW - Peroxide KW - Sicherheitsanalyse PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200590397 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 77 IS - 8 SP - 1140 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11573 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Identifizierung gefährlich exotherm zersetzlicher Stoffe T2 - DECHEMA-Weiterbildungskursus: "Sicherheit von chemischen Reaktionen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2005-10-12 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11464 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Koseki, H. A1 - Li, X.-R. A1 - Tamura, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Whitmore, M. W. T1 - A closed pressure vessel test (CPVT) screen for explosive properties of energetic organic compounds N2 - Results of a round-robin test on a mini-autoclave are reported and previously proposed criteria reviewed. Criteria based upon the results for three standard materials are now put forward. These standards-based criteria, in contrast to numerical criteria, theoretically allow any laboratory to utilize the data accumulated to date, irrespective of the equipment used. The practical requirement is that adequate discrimination can be achieved. Data to assess this are given. KW - Closed pressure vessel test KW - Mini-autoclave KW - MCPVT KW - Explosive properties PY - 2007 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-14385 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Neuenfeld, S. T1 - On the explosive properties of 1H-benzotriazole and 1H-1,2,3-triazole N2 - For 1H-benzotriazole, no explosive properties are observable, but the relative high exothermic decomposition energy of 1590 J/g should be kept in mind. Nevertheless, an endothermic melting barrier at 100 °C ensures safe handling at lower temperatures. For 1H-1,2,3-triazole, the exothermic decomposition energy is as high as 2600 J/g, but explosive properties are also not detectable. Therefore, both reagents are hazardous with regard to the exothermic decomposition potential and can be handled safely with precautions. KW - 1H-Benzotriazole KW - 1H-1,2,3-Triazole KW - Explosive properties KW - DSC PY - 2007 SN - 0040-4039 SN - 1873-3581 VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 1233 EP - 1235 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-14476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Untersuchungen von DTBP-Feuern T2 - VDI Hallescher Bezirksverein, Arbeitskreis Verfahrenstechnik Mitteldeutschland, Fachkolloquium der AG Sicherheitstechnik CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 2007-05-15 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14774 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Pahl, Robert A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter ED - Stolz, T. T1 - Flammenausbreitung auf Flüssigkeitsoberflächen unterhalb des Flammpunktes - Explosionsschutz in Chemieanlagen T2 - 228. PTB-Seminar CY - Braunschweig, Deutschland DA - 2007-06-26 KW - Sicherheitstechnik KW - Flammpunkte KW - Explosionsgrenzen KW - Prozesssicherheit KW - Oxidationsverfahren PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-86509-700-2 SP - 17 EP - 26 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag N. W. Verlag für neue Wissenschaft CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-15017 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - On the explosive properties of 1H-benzotriazole and 1H-1,2,3-triazole T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Rijswijk, Netherlands DA - 2007-05-09 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16021 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Vent sizing tests with di-(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate T2 - IGUS EOS Ad-Hoc Working Group Meeting "Emergency relief venting of organic peroxides and reactive substances" CY - Buxton, England DA - 2007-10-26 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16022 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Pahl, Robert A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Explosionsschutz bei Gas/Flüssig-Prozessen - Flammen unterhalb des Flammpunktes KW - Explosionsschutz KW - Flammpunkt PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750092 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 79 IS - 9 SP - 1436 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-16009 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Bemerkungen zum Artikel "Exoten des Gefahrstoffrechts" von Dr. N. Müller in "Gefährliche Ladung" 06/2007, S. 28-29 KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - SprengG KW - Explosionsgefährliche Stoffe KW - Lagergruppen PY - 2007 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 09 SP - 30 EP - 31 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-16434 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -