TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Investigations of BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Cloud Explosion) and fireballs of peroxy-fuels and hydrocarbons: Experiments and CFD simulation T2 - 12th International Conference on Combustion and Energy Utilisation (ICCEU) CY - Lancaster, England DA - 2014-09-29 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31585 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Rheinland refinery accident 2014: CFD prediction of atmospheric dispersion of smoke T2 - Combustion Research and Application 2014 CY - Soesterberg, Netherlands DA - 2014-10-08 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31586 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Rheinland refinery accident 2014: CFD prediction of atmospheric dispersion of smoke N2 - Industrial fire and explosion hazards are most often also associated with the dispersion of toxic substances. These substances can be gases, liquids, solids or in form of aerosols. The critical toxic exposure limits to People and enviroment from such substances are regulated by the concerned authorities of the countries. In order to comply with the defined regulation estimation of such critical limits must be carried out by different semi-empirical and phenomenological models/methods for risk assessment. Many of such methods provide a qualitative estimation of time and space dependent extrimities of toxicity. The overwhelm development of computational capacity has made it possible to perform Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation by solving the three-dimensional transport equations for mass momentum and species in lower and upper atmosphere, respectively. CFD simulation not only provides a detailed 3D distribution of toxic particulates/gases in the neighbourhood of the plant but also helps to study the worst-case sceanrios. In the past several small- and large-scale accidents occured in oil and gas plants in different parts of the world including the recent one in Rheinland refinery near Cologne in Germany. This work deals with this accident and provides a methodology to predict the critical exposure limits of smoke emitted by a toluene tank fire by means of CFD simulation. T2 - COMBURA 2014 - Combustion research and application symposium CY - Soesterberg, The Netherlands DA - 08.10.2014 KW - CFD KW - Retinery incident KW - Smoke dispersion PY - 2014 SP - 56 EP - 57 AN - OPUS4-31721 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Numerical prediction of safety distances from large pool fires of organic peroxides N2 - Organic peroxides are energetic substances liable to decompose due to exothermic reactions when exposed to uncontrolled temperature, contamination, confinement and quantity. Their safe storage and transportation are the prime concern and chemical industries and regulating authorities. Their accidental release may and most often lead to shape of a pool. In present study, safety distances from such large pool fires (diameter d = 3.4 m) of organic peroxides are numerically predicted by solving the reactive, 3-D time dependent Navier-Stokes equations with reliable assumptions. The present model is validated against the data on buoyant turbulent diffusion flames. The safety distances predicted by simulation assume three regions in a fully developed fire i.e. hot spot, luminous zone and a flame surface. The time averaged data of temperatures of these regions lead to better estimation of irradiances against the measured data. A developed sphere analogy method (for a special class of organic peroxides) for maximum surface emissive power prediction is also verified. T2 - 40th International annual conference of ICT - Energetic Materials - Characterisation, Modelling and Validation CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2009-06-23 KW - Organic peroxides KW - Safety distances KW - Navier-stokes equations KW - Irradiance KW - Surface emissive power PY - 2009 SN - 0722-4087 SP - 88-1 - 88-14 PB - DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmbH CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-19599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Numerical prediction of safety distances from large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - 40th Annual Conference of ICT, Energetic Materials - Characterisation, Modelling and Validation CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2009-06-23 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19578 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vela, I. A1 - Chun, Hyunjoo A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Gawlowski, M. A1 - Sudhoff, P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Vorhersage der thermischen Strahlung großer Kohlenwasserstoff- und Peroxid-Poolfeuer mit CFD Simulation KW - CFD Simulation KW - Poolfeuer KW - JP-4 KW - Kerosin KW - Di-tert-butylperoxid KW - Thermische Strahlung PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-009-0094-3 SN - 0015-7899 SN - 1434-0860 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 97 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-19531 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. ED - Suter, G. ED - de Rademaeker, E. T1 - Characterization of large pool fires of organic compounds containing oxygen atoms T2 - 13th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Brugge, Belgium DA - 2010-06-06 KW - Pool fire KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Alcohols KW - Ketones KW - Organic peroxides KW - Fire characteristics PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-76019-291 VL - I SP - 365 EP - 372 CY - Brugge, Belgium AN - OPUS4-21552 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Radiative characteristics of large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - 4th European Combustion Meeting CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2009-04-14 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19306 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Safety characteristics of large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - ProcessNet-Arbeitsausschuss "Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2009-03-31 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19308 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Radiative characteristics of large pool fires of organic peroxides T2 - 4th European Combustion Meeting (Proceedings) CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2009-04-14 KW - Pool fire KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - CFD KW - Temperature KW - Surface emissive power KW - Irradiance PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-902655-06-6 SP - 1 EP - 6(?) PB - ProcessEng Engineering GmbH CY - Vienna AN - OPUS4-19400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Characterization of large pool fires of organic compounds containing oxygen atoms T2 - 13th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries CY - Bruges, Belgium DA - 2010-06-06 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21435 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Safety aspects of organic peroxide pool fires T2 - COMBURA 2010 - Combustion research and application CY - Maastricht, The Netherlands DA - 2010-10-12 KW - Pool fire KW - Organic peroxides KW - TBPB KW - TBPEH KW - CFD KW - Safety distances PY - 2010 SP - 11 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-22484 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Interpretations of temperature measurements in organic peroxide pool fires T2 - 5th European Combustion Meeting ECM 2011, Cardiff University CY - Cardiff, Wales DA - 2011-06-29 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24099 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - An efficient and clean fuel for high temperature process industries T2 - 11th International Conference on Energy for a Clean Environment CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 2011-07-05 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24101 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Experimental and numerical investigations of pool flames of organic peroxides T2 - 1st Peer Training - Meeting on Applied Scientific Computing and Tools CY - Rome, Italy DA - 2008-10-21 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18640 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Impact of fuel properties on the large pool fire (hydrocarbons and organic peroxides) characteristics T2 - 6th U. S. National Combustion meeting CY - Ann Arbor, MI, USA DA - 2009-05-17 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19475 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Pool Fires of Organic Peroxides: Experimental and CFD Study T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-06-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19503 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Turbulent Combustion in Pool Fires of Organic Peroxides T2 - von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Lecture Series on "Turbulent Combustion" CY - Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium DA - 2009-05-25 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19505 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan T1 - Experimental and numerical investigations of pool flames of organic peroxides T2 - Institute for Combustion and Gas dynamics Pool flames, TBPB, TBPEH, CFD, University of Duisburg-Essen CY - Duisburg, Germany DA - 2009-09-29 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20028 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Schönbucher, A. T1 - Pool and tank fires - Are we really prepared? N2 - The industrial fire accidents e.g. Buncefield (2005) and Jaipur (2009) have come up with several issues concerning safe storage and transportation of flammable liquids. The pre and post fire consequences are therefore important to be analyzed prior to the handling of flammable fuels. Pool or/and tank fire is the most often seen scenario after the leak/spill of liquid fuel. An overview of the typical scenarios from large hydrocarbon and organic peroxide pool fires and their respective safety distances for the people and the infrastructure are the important subjects of this paper. T2 - 8th Asia-Pacific conference on combustion CY - Hyderabad, India DA - 2010-12-10 KW - Flammable liquids KW - Pool fire KW - Safety distance KW - Organic peroxides PY - 2010 SP - 697 EP - 702 AN - OPUS4-23004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Combustion of peroxy-fuels T2 - ERCOFTAC Conference: Highly Resolved Experimental and Numerical Diagnostics for Turbulent Combustion (HRTC-1) CY - Rouen, France DA - 2011-05-25 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Thermische Zersetzung von AIBN - Experimente und Simulationen zur Bestimmung der SADT N2 - Die thermische Zersetzung von AIBN wurde in einem Projekt mit mehreren Teilnehmern untersucht. Hierbei wurde die selbstbeschleunigende Zersetzungstemperatur SADT) sowohl experimentell als auf Grundlage von Simulationsrechnungen bestimmt. Die Besonderheit bei dem Feststoff AIBN ist, dass die Zersetzung sowohl in der festen, als auch in der flüssigen Phase nach dem Schmelzen stattfindet, was bei den durchgeführten Simulationsrechnungen berücksichtigt werden musste. Die berechneten SADT Werte stimmen mit den experimentell bestimmten sehr gut überein. T2 - 14. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2016 KW - SADT KW - Reaktionskinetik KW - AIBN KW - DSC KW - UN-Test H.1 KW - UN-Test H.4 PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7 SN - 0938-5533 SP - 54 EP - 59 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-37878 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Feuerbälle organischer Peroxide: Thermische Strahlung und Sicherheitsabstände N2 - Das Abbrandverhalten und die thermische Strahlung von Poolfeuern organischer Peroxide (OP) wurden bereits in der Vergangenheit ausführlich untersucht. Dabei ergaben sich zum Teil erhebliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Abbrandraten, Temperaturen, Strahlungsintensitäten und Flammenlängen im Vergleich zu flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Das größere Gefahrenpotenzial von OP führt zu strikteren Sicherheitsbestimmungen für Lagerung und Transport. Da das Gefahrenpotenzial maßgeblich von den tatsächlich auftretenden Szenarien abhängt, ist eine Bewertung solcher Ereignisse unumgänglich um nachhaltig die Gesundheit von Mensch und Umgebung zu sichern. Ein Metallfass, gefüllt mit 200 Litern DTBP (Di-tertiär-butylperoxid), wurde auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit der BAM einem Außenfeuer ausgesetzt. Durch den starken Wärmeeintrag erhöht sich die Massenabbrandrate des Peroxids um ein Vielfaches und das Fass entleert sich schließlich unter Ausbildung mehrerer Feuerbälle. Die Flammengröße, Flammentemperatur und damit die thermische Strahlung überschreiten die der gewöhnlichen OP-Poolfeuer. Die resultierenden höheren Sicherheitsabstände sind abschließend berechnet. T2 - 14. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2016 KW - DTBP KW - Feuerbälle KW - Organische Peroxide KW - Thermische Strahlung PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7 SN - 0938-5533 SP - 126 EP - 133 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-37881 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Krebs, Holger T1 - Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) of peroxy-fuels: Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation N2 - Fire and explosion hazards associated with storage and transportation of flammable materials have been a matter of great interest in the recent times. BLEVE is a scenario that occurs when a closed fuel container is subjected to heat for a longer duration. Such events are disastrous to human beings and assets both. In the past there have been numerous studies on BLEVEs and fireballs of hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. kerosene, gasoline, LPG, LNG and others. Though, the fireballs of peroxy-fuels are not looked into detail as such. This article tries to overcome this lack of knowledge. Both, experimental investigation and CFD simulations are performed to measure and predict the fireball characteristics of a peroxy-fuel. Due to thermal decomposition in the liquid phase and active oxygen content a peroxy-fuel fireball burns at a very fast rate and emit higher thermal radiation whereas exhibits smaller diameter and elevation compared to hydrocarbons. That eventually leads to consideration of larger safety distances from them which are also verified by CFD results. KW - BLEVE KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Peroxy-fuels KW - Safety distances KW - CFD simulation PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-334184 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.02.082 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 66 SP - 149 EP - 152 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-33418 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Underground gas pipeline explosion and fire: CFD based assessment of foreseeability N2 - Scenarios of underground gas pipeline failure, crater formation, dispersion of gas, explosion and subsequent fires are investigated with semi-empirical and with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelling. In order to strengthen the accident based learning approaches present investigations are performed in the context of recent GAIL (Gas Authority of India Limited) natural gas pipeline incident occurred in India. The foreseeability of damages to lives of people and assets due to explosion overpressure and thermal radiation are assessed. The released gas is considered as slightly dense-than-air i.e. 1.5 times. Depending on the LFL (Lower Flammability Limit) of gas the dispersion diameter and heights are predicted which followed the visual evidences appropriately. The model was furthermore tested with an even denser medium and was found to be worked well there too. The estimated explosion overpressures with the standard methods and also with CFD reproduced the scenario nicely. The effects of congestion VBR (Volume Blockage Ratio) in form of vegetation on stable atmospheric boundary layer flow is analysed and its contribution towards turbulence and hazard enhancement is studied. It is found that the major source of fatalities was higher thermal radiation emitted by pool fires of methane. The estimated thermal safety distances clearly demonstrate the ignorance/under estimation of likelihood and consequence of such hazardous events. For such incidents CFD demonstrated a strong capability to assess the pre or/and post events foreseeabilities within a reasonable amount of time and with an acceptable level of accuracy meeting the industrial needs for risk analysis. KW - Natural gas KW - Underground pipeline KW - Dense gas dispersion KW - Explosion and fire KW - CFD KW - Safety distance PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.04.010 SN - 1875-5100 VL - 24 SP - 526 EP - 542 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-33671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Simon A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - CFD simulations to predict the thermal safety distances from jet fires of peroxy-fuels N2 - CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations have been carried out to investigate the behavior of turbulent, subsonic jet fires of the peroxy-fuel Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) using the SAS-SST turbulence model, the discrete transfer radiation model, the eddy dissipation combustion model and the Magnussen soot model. Safety relevant parameters, such as flame length, temperature and thermal radiation are predicted to give recommendations on safety distances. T2 - 4. Magdeburger Brand- und Explosionsschutztag / 3. vfdb-Workshop Brandschutzforschung CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 26.03.2015 KW - CFD simulations KW - Thermal safety distances KW - Jet fires KW - Peroxy-fuels PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-00-048960-0 SP - 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-33283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan T1 - CFD model for large hazardous dense cloud spread predictions, with particular reference to Bophal disaster N2 - A volumetric source based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model for estimating the wind and gravity driven spread of an elevated released dense hazardous cloud on a flat terrain without and with obstacles is demonstrated. The model considers the development of a worst-case scenario similar to that occurred at Bhopal. Fully developed clouds of a dense gas having different densities, under ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer) with calm ground wind conditions are first obtained. These clouds are then allowed to spread under ABL with different ground wind speeds and gravity conditions. The developed model is validated by performing the grid independent study, the fluid dynamical evidences, post-disaster facts, the downwind MIC (Methyl Isocynate) concentrations estimated by earlier models and experiments on dense plume trajectories. It is shown that in case of an active dispersion under calm wind conditions the lateral spread would prevail over the downwind spread. The presence of a dense medium behaves like a weak porous media and initiates turbulence at much smaller downwind distances than that normally would occur without the dense medium. The safety distances from toxic exposures of MIC are predicted by specifying an isosurface of a minimum concentration above the ground surface. Discrepancies in near-field predictions still exist. However, the far-field predictions agree well with data published before. KW - CFD model KW - Dense cloud KW - Safety distance KW - Porous medium KW - Bhopal disaster PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.038 SN - 0004-6981 SN - 1352-2310 VL - 117 SP - 74 EP - 91 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-33807 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Diffusive burning of blended peroxy-fuels: Some experimental results N2 - Dampening of energetic properties and the effects of blending proportions of isododecane on the diffusive burning behaviour of peroxy-fuels are experimentally studied. Blended peorxy-fuels are obtained by adding isododecane in the proportions of 25 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 75 wt.%, respectively, in technical pure peroxy-fuels. The fuels were burned in form of pool fires with diameters 0.02 m ≤ d ≤ 1 m. The mass burning rates and relative flame lengths are found to be weakened with increasing diluent proportions. By measuring the mass burning rates and visible flame lengths of pool fires of different samples of fuel blends an optimum blending criterion is developed. Furthermore, it is shown that the dilution proportions and flame characteristics can be correlated by empirical equations. KW - Peroxy-fuels KW - Blends KW - Isododecan KW - Pool fire KW - Mass burning rate KW - Flame length PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.06.014 SN - 0016-2361 SN - 0378-3820 SN - 1873-7153 VL - 140 SP - 324 EP - 330 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-34950 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -