TY - JOUR A1 - Emteborg, H. A1 - Florian, D. A1 - Choquette, S. A1 - Ellison, S. L. R. A1 - Fernandes-Whaley, M. A1 - Mackay, L. A1 - McCarron, P. A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Sander, S. G. A1 - Kim, S.-K. A1 - Held, A. A1 - Linsinger, T. A1 - Trapmann, S. T1 - Cooperation in publicly funded reference material production JF - Accreditation and Quality Assurance N2 - The meeting was organised by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre and held at the JRC-Geel site on 22–23 February 2018. It was a follow-up of a similar meeting held in 2009. The objective of the meeting was to exchange information about ongoing publicly funded reference material (RM) production, identify areas of interest for future specific RMs, including certified reference material (CRM) developments, investigate potential areas of collaboration, and to identify areas which may be of a lower importance in the future for a specific RM producer. The benefit of exchanging such information is to avoid duplication of efforts in RM production, make better use of public funds by potentially matching competencies, and to address problems that are common to publicly funded RM producers. T2 - Meeting regarding cooperation in publicly funded reference material production, European Commission's Joint Research Centre CY - Geel, Belgium DA - 22.02.2018 KW - Public funding KW - Reference materials PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-470206 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-018-1349-1 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 371 EP - 377 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-47020 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, X.M. A1 - Li, H.M. A1 - Zhang, Q.H. A1 - Lu, X.H. A1 - Li, S.Q. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Polzer, J. A1 - Hackenber, R. A1 - Moniruzzaman, M. A1 - Khan, M. A1 - Kakoulides, E. A1 - Pak-Wing, K. A1 - Richy, A1 - Chi-Shing, N. A1 - Lu, T. A1 - Gui, E.M. A1 - Cheow, P.S. A1 - Teo, T.L. A1 - Rego, E. A1 - Garrido, B. A1 - Carvalho, L. A1 - Leal, R. A1 - Violante, F. A1 - Baek, S.Y. A1 - Lee, S. A1 - Choi, K. A1 - Kim, B. A1 - Bucar-Miklavcic, M. A1 - Hopley, C. A1 - Nammoonnoy, J. A1 - Murray, J. A1 - Wilson, W. A1 - Toman, B. A1 - Itoh, N. A1 - Gokcen, T. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Mikheeva, A. T1 - CCQM-K146 low-polarity analyte in high fat food: benzo a pyrene in olive oil JF - Metrologia N2 - The demonstration of competency and equivalence for the assessment of levels of contaminants and nutrients in primary foodstuffs is a priority within the 10-year strategy for the OAWG Track A core comparisons. The measurements are core challenges for reference material producers and providers of calibration Services. This key comparison related to low polarity analytes in a high fat, low protein, low carbohydrate food matrix and Benzo[a]pyrene in edible oil was the model System selected to align with this class within the OAWG strategy. Evidence of successful participation in formal, relevant international comparisons is needed to document measurement capability claims (CMCs) made by national metrology institutes (NMIs) and designated institutes (Dis). 16 National Metrology Institutions participated in the Track A Key Comparison CCQM-K146 Low-Polarity Analyte in high fat food: Benzo[a]pyrene in Olive Oil. Participants were requested to evaluate the mass fractions, expressed in µg/kg, of Benzo[a]pyrene in the olive oil material. The KCRV was determined from the results of all NMIs/DIs participating in the key comparison that used appropriately validated methods with demonstrated metrological traceability. Different methods such as liquid-liquid extraction, GPC and SPE were applied in the sample pretreatment and HPLC-FLD, HPLC-MS/MS, and GC-MS or GC-MS/MS were applied for detection by the participants. The mass fractions for BaP were in the range of (1.78 to 3.09) µg/kg with Standard uncertainties of (0.026 to 0.54) µg/kg, with corresponding relative Standard uncertainties from 0.9% to 21%. Five labs withdrew their result from the Statistical evaluation of the KCRV for technical reasons. One lab was excluded from the KCRV evaluation, as they did not meet the CIPM metrological traceability requirements. A Hierarchical Bayes option was selected for the KCRV value, which was determined as 2.74 µg/kg with a Standard uncertainty of 0.03 µg/kg. The 10 institutes those were included in the calculation of the consensus KCRV all agreed within their Standard uncertainties. Successful participation in CCQM-K146 demonstrates the measurement capabilities in determining mass fraction of organic compounds, with molecular mass of 100 g/mol to 500 g/mol, having low polarity pKow < -2, in mass fraction range from 0.1 µg/kg to 1000 µg/kg in a high fat, low protein, low carbohydrate food matrix. KW - Metrology KW - CCQM KW - Food KW - PAH PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/57/1a/08017 VL - 57 IS - 1a SP - 08017 AN - OPUS4-52435 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ricci, M. A1 - Shegunova, P. A1 - Conneely, P. A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Torres, M. M. A1 - Osuna, M. A. A1 - On, T.P. A1 - Man, L.H. A1 - Baek, S.-Y. A1 - Kim, B. A1 - Hopley, C. A1 - Liscio, C. A1 - Warren, J. A1 - Le Diouron, V. A1 - Lardy-Fontan, S. A1 - Lalere, B. A1 - Mingwu, S. A1 - Kucklick, J. A1 - Vamathevan, V. A1 - Matsuyama, S. A1 - Numata, M. A1 - Brits, M. A1 - Quinn, L. A1 - Fernandes-Whaley, M. A1 - Gören, A.C. A1 - Binici, B. A1 - Konopelko, L. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Mikheeva, A. T1 - CCQM-K102: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment JF - Metrologia N2 - The key comparison CCQM-K102: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment was coordinated by the JRC, Directorate F - Health, Consumers & Reference Materials, Geel (Belgium) under the auspices of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM). Thirteen National Metrology institutes or Designated Institutes and the JRC participated. Participants were requested to report the mass fraction (on a dry mass basis) of BDE 47, 99 and 153 in the freshwater sediment study material. The sediment originated from a river in Belgium and contained PBDEs (and other pollutants) at levels commonly found in environmental samples. The comparison was designed to demonstrate participants' capability of analysing non-polar organic molecules in abiotic dried matrices (approximate range of molecular weights: 100 to 800 g/mol, polarity corresponding to pKow < −2, range of mass fraction: 1–1000 μg/kg). All participants (except one using ultrasonic extraction) applied Pressurised Liquid Extraction or Soxhlet, while the instrumental analysis was performed with GC-MS/MS, GC-MS or GC-HRMS. Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry approach was used for quantification (except in one case). The assigned Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) were the medians of thirteen results for BDE 47 and eleven results for BDE 99 and 153, respectively. BDE 47 was assigned a KCRV of 15.60 μg/kg with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.41 μg/kg, BDE 99 was assigned a KCRV of 33.69 μg/kg with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.81 μg/kg and BDE 153 was assigned a KCRV of 6.28 μg/kg with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.28 μg/kg. The k-factor for the estimation of the expanded uncertainty of the KCRVs was chosen as k = 2. KW - Intercomparison KW - Traceability KW - Nation metrology institutes PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1A/08026 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 54 SP - 08026, 1 EP - 82 AN - OPUS4-41998 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeleny, R. A1 - Voorspoels, S. A1 - Ricci, M. A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Sittidech, M. A1 - Panyawathanakit, N. A1 - Wong, W. F. A1 - Choi, S.M. A1 - Lo, K.C. A1 - Yeung, W. Y. A1 - Kim, D.H. A1 - Han, J. A1 - Ryu, J. A1 - Mingwu, S. A1 - Chao, W. A1 - Schantz, M.M. A1 - Lippa, K.A. A1 - Matsuyama, S. T1 - Evaluation of the state-of-the-art measurement capabilities for selected PBDEs and decaBB in plastic by the international intercomparison CCQM-P114 JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry N2 - An international intercomparison involving eight national metrology institutes (NMIs) was conducted to establish their current measurement capabilities for determining five selected congeners from the brominated flame retardant classes polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls. A candidate reference material consisting of polypropylene fortified with technical mixtures of penta-, octa- and decabromo diphenyl ether and decabromo biphenyl, which was thoroughly assessed for material homogeneity and stability, was used as study material. The analytical procedures applied by the participants differed with regard to sample pre-treatment, extraction, clean-up, employed calibrants and type of calibration procedure as well as regarding analytical methods used for separation, identification and quantification of the flame retardant congeners (gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector (GC-ECD), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron capture negative ionisation mode (GC-ECNI-MS), and liquid chromatography-inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS)). The laboratory means agreed well with relative standard deviations of the mean of means of 1.9%, 4.8%, 5.5% and 5.4% for brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, 183 and 209 and for the brominated biphenyl (BB) congener 209, respectively. For BDE 206, a relative standard deviation of 28.5% was obtained. For all five congeners, within-laboratory relative standard deviations of six measurements obtained under intermediate precision conditions were between 1% and 10%, and reported expanded measurements uncertainties typically ranged from 4% to 10% (8% to 14% for BDE 206). Furthermore, the results are in good agreement with those obtained in the characterization exercise for determining certified values for the flame retardant congeners in the same material. The results demonstrate the state-of-the-art measurement capabilities of NMIs for quantifying representative BDE congeners and BB 209 in a polymer. The outcome of this intercomparison (pilot study) in conjunction with possible improvements for employing exclusively calibrants with thoroughly assessed purity suggests that a key comparison aiming at underpinning calibration and measurement capability (CMC) claims of NMIs can be conducted. KW - Flame retardants KW - Polymer KW - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) KW - Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) KW - International intercomparison PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3314-7 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 396 IS - 4 SP - 1501 EP - 1511 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-22905 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belsey, N. A. A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Minelli, C. A1 - Araujo, J. R. A1 - Bock, B. A1 - Brüner, P. A1 - Castner, D. G. A1 - Ceccone, G. A1 - Counsell, J. D. P. A1 - Dietrich, Paul M. A1 - Engelhardt, M. H. A1 - Fearn, S. A1 - Galhardo, C. E. A1 - Kalbe, H. A1 - Kim, J. W. A1 - Lartundo-Rojas, L. A1 - Luftman, H. S. A1 - Nunney, T. S. A1 - Pseiner, J. A1 - Smith, E. F. A1 - Spampinato, V. A1 - Sturm, J. M. A1 - Thomas, A. G. A1 - Treacy, J. P. W. A1 - Veith, L. A1 - Wagstaffe, M. A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Wang, Y.-C. A1 - Werner, W. A1 - Yang, L. A1 - Shard, A. G. T1 - Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study on Measuring the Thickness and Chemistry of Nanoparticle Coatings Using XPS and LEIS JF - The Journal of Physical Chemistry C N2 - We report the results of a Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) interlaboratory study on the measurement of the shell thickness and chemistry of nanoparticle coatings. Peptide-coated gold particles were supplied to laboratories in two forms: a colloidal suspension in pure water and particles dried onto a silicon wafer. Participants prepared and analyzed these samples using either X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or low energy ion scattering (LEIS). Careful data analysis revealed some significant sources of discrepancy, particularly for XPS. Degradation during transportation, storage, or sample preparation resulted in a variability in thickness of 53%. The calculation method chosen by XPS participants contributed a variability of 67%. However, variability of 12% was achieved for the samples deposited using a single method and by choosing photoelectron peaks that were not adversely affected by instrumental transmission effects. The study identified a need for more consistency in instrumental transmission functions and relative sensitivity factors since this contributed a variability of 33%. The results from the LEIS participants were more consistent, with variability of less than 10% in thickness, and this is mostly due to a common method of data analysis. The calculation was performed using a model developed for uniform, flat films, and some participants employed a correction factor to account for the sample geometry, which appears warranted based upon a simulation of LEIS data from one of the participants and comparison to the XPS results. KW - VAMAS KW - Interlaboratory Study KW - Nanoparticle coating KW - XPS KW - LEIS KW - shell thicknss and chemistry PY - 2016 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06713 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06713 IS - 120 SP - 24070 EP - 24079 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-38428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westwood, S. A1 - Josephs, R. A1 - Choteau, T. A1 - Daireaux, A. A1 - Wielgosz, R. A1 - Davies, S. A1 - Moad, M. A1 - Chan, B. A1 - Munoz, A. A1 - Conneely, P. A1 - Ricci, M. A1 - Do Rego, E.C.P. A1 - Garrido, B.C. A1 - Violante, F.G.M. A1 - Windust, A. A1 - Dai, X. A1 - Huang, T. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Su, F. A1 - Quan, C. A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Lo, M. A1 - Wong, W. A1 - Gantois, F. A1 - Lalerle, B. A1 - Dorgerloh, Ute A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Klyk-Seitz, Urszula-Anna A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Rothe, Robert A1 - Yamazaki, T. A1 - Zakaria, O. B. A1 - Castro, E. A1 - Balderas, M. A1 - González, N. A1 - Salazar, C. A1 - Regalado, L. A1 - Valle, E. A1 - Rodríguez, L. A1 - Laguna, L.Á.. A1 - Ramírez, P. A1 - Avila, M. A1 - Ibarra, J. A1 - Valle, L. A1 - Arce, M. A1 - Mitani, Y. A1 - Konopelko, L. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Lopushanskaya, E. A1 - Lin, T.T. A1 - Liu, Q. A1 - Kooi, L.T. A1 - Fernandes-Whaley, M. A1 - Prevoo-Franzsen, D. A1 - Nhlapo, N. A1 - Visser, R. A1 - Kim, B. A1 - Lee, H. A1 - Kankaew, P. A1 - Pookrod, P. A1 - Sudsiri, N. A1 - Shearman, K. A1 - Gören, A.C. A1 - Bilsel, G. A1 - Yilmaz, H. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Cergel, M. A1 - Coskun, F.G. A1 - Uysal, E. A1 - Gündüz, S. A1 - Ün, I. A1 - Warren, J. A1 - Bearden, D.W. A1 - Bedner, M. A1 - Duewer, D.L. A1 - Lang, B.E. A1 - Lippa, K.A. A1 - Schantz, M.M. A1 - Sieber, J.R. T1 - Final report on key comparison CCQM-K55.c (L-(+)-Valine): Characterization of organic substances for chemical purity JF - Metrologia N2 - KEY COMPARISON Under the auspices of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) a key comparison, CCQM K55.c, was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in 2012. Twenty National Measurement Institutes or Designated Institutes and the BIPM participated. Participants were required to assign the mass fraction of valine present as the main component in the comparison sample for CCQM-K55.c. The comparison samples were prepared from analytical grade L-valine purchased from a commercial supplier and used as provided without further treatment or purification. Valine was selected to be representative of the performance of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of organic compounds of low structural complexity [molecular weight range 100–300] and high polarity (pKOW > –2). The KCRV for the valine content of the material was 992.0 mg/g with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.3 mg/g. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) was assigned by combination of KCRVs assigned from participant results for each orthogonal impurity class. The relative expanded uncertainties reported by laboratories having results consistent with the KCRV ranged from 1 mg/g to 6 mg/g when using mass balance based approaches alone, 2 mg/g to 7 mg/g using quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) based approaches and from 1 mg/g to 2.5 mg/g when a result obtained by a mass balance method was combined with a separate qNMR result. The material provided several analytical challenges. In addition to the need to identify and quantify various related amino acid impurities including leucine, isoleucine, alanine and a-amino butyrate, care was required to select appropriate conditions for performing Karl Fischer titration assay for water content to avoid bias due to in situ formation of water by self-condensation under the assay conditions. It also proved to be a challenging compound for purity assignment by qNMR techniques. There was overall excellent agreement between participants in the identification and the quantification of the total and individual related structure impurities, water content, residual solvent and total non-volatile content of the sample. Appropriate technical justifications were developed to rationalise observed discrepancies in the limited cases where methodology differences led to inconsistent results. The comparison demonstrated that to perform a qNMR purity assignment the selection of appropriate parameters and an understanding of their potential influence on the assigned value is critical for reliable implementation of the method, particularly when one or more of the peaks to be quantified consist of complex multiplet signals. PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/51/1A/08010 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 51 SP - 08010, 1 EP - 44 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-31072 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flores, E. A1 - Idrees, F. A1 - Moussay, P. A1 - Viallon, J. A1 - Wielgosz, R. A1 - Fernández, T. A1 - Rojo, A. A1 - Ramírez, S. A1 - Aoki, N. A1 - Kato, K. A1 - Jeongsoon, L. A1 - Moon, D. A1 - Kim, J.-S. A1 - Harling, A. A1 - Milton, M. A1 - Smeulders, D. A1 - Guenther, F.R. A1 - Gameson, L. A1 - Botha, A. A1 - Tshilongo, J. A1 - Ntsasa, N.G. A1 - Valková, M. A1 - Konopelko, L. A1 - Kustikov, Y.A. A1 - Ballandovich, V. S. A1 - Gromova, E.V. A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Kohl, Anka A1 - Schulz, Gert T1 - Final report of the pilot study CCQM-P110-B1: A comparison of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in nitrogen standards at 10 µmol/mol by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) JF - Metrologia N2 - This pilot study compares the performance of participants in analyzing gas mixtures of nitrogen dioxide in nitrogen by comparison with in-house gravimetric standards using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In this study the same gas mixtures were used as in the key comparison CCQM-K74, which was designed to evaluate the level of comparability of National Metrology Institutes' measurement capabilities for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a nominal mole fraction of 10 µmol/mol. In the comparison CCQM-K74 most of the participants used chemiluminescence, with a small number using UV absorption or FT-IR spectroscopy, and thus it is of interest to improve understanding of the comparative performance of these techniques because they do not exhibit any cross-sensitivity to nitric acid (HNO3), which was known to be present in the mixtures used for the comparison. The results of this pilot study indicate good consistency and a level of agreement similar to that reported in the comparison CCQM-K74, demonstrating that FT-IR can be operated as a comparison method when calibrated with appropriate gas standards and can achieve similar measurement uncertainties to chemiluminescence and UV absorption techniques. An additional pilot study, CCQM-P110-B2, was conducted on the same gas mixtures in parallel with this pilot study. The second study addressed FT-IR spectroscopy when used to measure the gas mixtures with respect to reference spectra. The results of this second study will be reported elsewhere. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM-GAWG. DatesIssue 1A (Technical Supplement 2012) KW - Ringversuch KW - NO2 KW - Spurenverunreinigungen KW - FT-IR-Spektroskopie PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/49/1A/08006 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 49 IS - 08006 SP - 1 EP - 76 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-25928 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, S.-C. A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Kim, S A1 - Lee, Y.R. A1 - Shim, J.-J. T1 - Sorption of C. I. disperse red 60 in polystyrene and PMMA films and polyester and nylon 6 textiles in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide JF - Korean journal of chemical engineering KW - Supercritical fluid dyeing KW - Supercritical carbon dioxide KW - C.I. disperse red 60 KW - Poly(methyl methacrylate) KW - Polystyrene KW - Polyester KW - Nylon KW - Sorption KW - Überkritische Fluide PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.2478/s11814-010-0098-6 SN - 0256-1115 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 299 EP - 309 PB - Inst. CY - Seoul AN - OPUS4-20815 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seto, J. A1 - Ma, Y. A1 - Davis, S.A. A1 - Meldrum, F. A1 - Gourrier, A. A1 - Kim, Y.-Y. A1 - Schilde, U. A1 - Sztucki, M. A1 - Burghammer, M. A1 - Maltsev, Sergey A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Cölfen, H. T1 - Structure-property relationships of a biological mesocrystal in the adult sea urchin spine JF - Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America : PNAS N2 - Structuring over many length scales is a design strategy widely used in Nature to create materials with unique functional properties. We here present a comprehensive analysis of an adult sea urchin spine, and in revealing a complex, hierarchical structure, show how Nature fabricates a material which diffracts as a single crystal of calcite and yet fractures as a glassy material. Each spine comprises a highly oriented array of Mg-calcite nanocrystals in which amorphous regions and macromolecules are embedded. It is postulated that this mesocrystalline structure forms via the crystallization of a dense array of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor particles. A residual surface layer of ACC and/or macromolecules remains around the nanoparticle units which creates the mesocrystal structure and contributes to the conchoidal fracture behavior. Nature’s demonstration of how crystallization of an amorphous precursor phase can create a crystalline material with remarkable properties therefore provides inspiration for a novel approach to the design and synthesis of synthetic composite materials. KW - Calcium carbonate biomineralization KW - Echinoderm skeleton KW - Hierarchical structuring KW - Mesocrystal KW - Skeletal elements PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109243109 SN - 0027-8424 SN - 1091-6490 VL - 109 IS - 10 SP - 3699 EP - 3704 PB - National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-27726 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Schantz, M. A1 - Urquiza, M.P. A1 - Calderón, M.A.A. A1 - Torres, M.M. A1 - Carter, D. A1 - O'Connor, G. A1 - Sejeroe-Olsen, B. A1 - Ricci, M. A1 - Lalere, B. A1 - Peignaux, M. A1 - Kim, D.-H. A1 - Itoh, N. A1 - Wong, S.-K. A1 - Man, T.O. A1 - Caixeiro, J.M.R. T1 - CCQM-K50: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil/particulate matter JF - Metrologia PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/47/1A/08006 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 47 SP - 08006-1 - 08006-47 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-20821 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -