TY - JOUR A1 - Malaga, Katarina A1 - Lundahl, A. A1 - Müller, Urs T1 - Use of technical textiles to modify concrete surfaces KW - Concrete KW - Textile imprint KW - Nano KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Oleophobicity KW - Beton KW - Textilien KW - Oberflächen KW - Wasserabweisend PY - 2012 SN - 1864-7251 SN - 0947-4498 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 30 PB - Aedificatio Publ. CY - Freiburg AN - OPUS4-25635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Garcia, O. A1 - Malaga, Katarina T1 - Performance of a new anti-graffiti agent used for immovable cultural heritage objects N2 - Cultural Heritage objects are in many cases invaluable and irrecoverable, therefore their protection is a prior goal. One threat arises by intentionally defacing such objects with graffiti. One possibility to face the imminent threat is the application of a surface protection in form of anti-graffiti systems (AGS). However, the knowledge about the performance and durability of AGS on substrates used for historical buildings is still fragmented. The goal of the presented study was to investigate the performance of a newly developed agent in comparison to a selection of commercial anti-graffiti agents on different substrates, which were used for historical buildings. Four commercial anti-graffiti agents with different chemical formulations were selected and tested with the new agent on different stone and brick substrates. The results showed clearly that AGS based on dense, water vapour impermeable coatings are not suitable to porous substrates such as sandstone, brick or porous limestone due to their impair of the hygric properties and the visual appearance of a substrate. The new agent could not completely reach the cleaning efficacy of the dense coatings but exhibited a much lower impact on the properties of the substrate and was therefore better compatible to historical surfaces. KW - Graffiti KW - Cultural Heritage KW - Anti-graffiti agent KW - Performance KW - Stone KW - Brick KW - Cleaning efficacy KW - Compatibility PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2012.747116 SN - 1558-3058 SN - 1558-3066 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 820 EP - 834 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Philadelphia, Pa., USA AN - OPUS4-28605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Malaga, Katarina A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Spatially resolved investigation of complex multi-phase systems using muXRF, SEM-EDX and high resolution SyXRD N2 - Spatially resolved analysis of complex multi-phase systems can be validated through different analytical methods. This study compares investigations by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis and high resolution X-ray diffraction. The studied sulfate attacked cement paste containing fly ashes consists of different interacting crystalline and amorphous phases. The complementary methods revealed in detail changes in phase composition due to the chemical attack. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed and suggestions are given for combining them with additional methods to maximize the information content. KW - EDX-SEM KW - SyXRD KW - Spatial investigations KW - Comparison KW - High resolution KW - Cement paste KW - Sulfate attack KW - Damaging mechanism PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.018 SN - 0958-9465 SN - 1873-393X VL - 37 SP - 241 EP - 245 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Barking, Essex AN - OPUS4-29111 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Malaga, Katarina A1 - Müller, Urs ED - Castro-Borges, P. ED - Moreno, E.I. ED - Sakai, K. ED - Gjorv, O.E. ED - Banthia, N. T1 - Validation and improvement of procedures for performance testing of anti-graffiti agents on concrete surfaces N2 - Graffiti on concrete structures is an ongoing, costly and increasing problem. A number of various anti-graffiti agents available on the market are intended to be resistant to graffiti attack or provide a treatment that aids the removal of graffiti. In several European countries the testing of anti-graffiti agents on concrete structures is following the EN 1504-2. This method is not appropriate for the aimed result. The method tests if an anti-graffiti agent damages a concrete structure and focuses on drying index and frost resistance in comparison with untreated samples. The aspects of the efficacy against graffiti attack, other types of dirt and aesthetic changes due to anti-graffiti protection are not evaluated by the present method. Therefore a validation and improvement of the current method is proposed. T2 - CONSEC`10 - 6th International conference on concrete under severe conditions CY - Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico DA - 2010-06-07 KW - Anti-Graffiti-Systeme KW - Beton KW - Prüfmethoden PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-415-59316-8 SP - 709 EP - 716 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-22438 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Malaga, Katarina A1 - Lagerblad, B. A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Precast concrete facade elements with low embodied energy N2 - Concrete is by far the most common building material in the world. Due to its good durability it is widely used in building envelopes. One major part of the embodied energy in concrete comes from the production of Portland cement that consumes around 3,500 MJ energy per each ton of cement. Globally 2.6 billion tons of Portland cement is produced and the consumption is increasing. Since concrete will be used as main building material also in future construction, it is reasonable to develop concrete building components with lower embodied energy.Using the example of an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) façade element, it is demonstrated how the embodied energy can be reduced by application of hydrothermal curing. T2 - ENBRI Workshop - reaching the nearly zero-energy goal for buildings CY - Boras, Sweden DA - 04.04.2011 KW - UHPC KW - Betonfertigteil KW - Fassaden KW - Autoklavierung KW - Nachhaltigkeit PY - 2011 SN - 978-91-86622-51-0 SN - 0284-5172 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-23628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Malaga, Katarina T1 - Study on the application of anti-graffiti systems on natural stones and concrete N2 - The goal of this study was to find a correlation between cleaning efficacy of substrates protected with anti-graffiti systems (AGS) and their porosity, surface roughness, and composition as well as usability of the Technical Testing Guideline for Anti-Graffiti Systems (TP-AGS, issued by BASt) for natural stone and brick/clinker masonry. The results showed that the cleaning efficacy mainly depends on the porosity of the substrate and the type of AGS. Also, higher surface roughness contributed to a lower cleaning efficacy. The results showed also that concrete panels and cement joints in masonry represented the worst case. The color change of all substrate materials compared to concrete was mostly within acceptable limits. Gloss changes were significant for a number of substrates. In particular, several of the wax-treated low-porosity substrates exceeded the threshold value of 10. The limit of water vapor permeability of the AGS prescribed in the TP-AGS might be too high for natural stone substrates. In general, the TP-AGS is useful for the determination of the efficiency factor of anti-graffiti agents on various substrates. T2 - Hydrophobe VI - 6th International conference on water repellent treatment of building materials CY - Rome, Italy DA - 12.05.2011 KW - Anti-graffiti KW - Permanent KW - Sacrificial KW - Stones KW - Concrete KW - Cleaning efficiency PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-931681-99-9 SP - 167 EP - 180 PB - Aedificatio Publishers AN - OPUS4-23719 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -